Degree Of Tightness Research Articles

An Examination of Jobs Creation Opportunities and Strategies in the State of Louisiana: Policy Implications

The purpose of this study is to examine the jobs creation opportunities and strategies, in both the private and public sectors, in the state of Louisiana and how synergetic there are with its economic competitiveness with the other 49 states of the U.S. to inform public policy. This study uses desktop research methodology using information publicly available in the Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, Louisiana Economic Development Agency, websites and journal publications. In all 100 articles, journal publications, and websites post about the subject matter were included in this study. The labor data series on Louisiana used in this study derive from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Recent labor data have changed our understanding of how new jobs are created. Startups, young and fast-growing companies create new jobs, even though many may fail. Another key finding in this study is that, in the long run, the vast majority of jobs created in every state are “home grown” — they are produced by firms already located in that state. Employment trends in the state of Louisiana indicate a significant degree of tightness in the labor markets which implies low level of unemployment (3.3 percent) as compared to the other 49 states. They bode well to the overall strength and rate of growth of the economy. In light of recession fears and for future economic growth, the state of Louisiana needs to increase its spending on job creation initiatives and collaborate more with private sector businesses especially those in leisure & hospitality, clean energy, information technology, transportation & warehousing and encourage young, and fast-growing startups, which have been revealed in the literature to be the future engines of jobs creation. Keywords: Jobs, Employment, Development, Hospitality, Economic-Growth, Policy, Businesses, Labor, Markets DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-2-06 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Correlation between hamstring muscle tightness and incidence of low back pain in female students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.

The current study aimedat determining the difference in hamstring tightness between dominant and non-dominant legs and to detect the correlation between LBP and hamstring tightness. One hundred females with hamstring tightness of at least 15 degrees have been included in the study. Hamstring shortening was examined by the Active Knee Extension test (AKE) and Straight Leg Raising test (SLR), whilst the functional disability' degree was measured by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The straight leg raising and the AKE of the dominant leg were significantly more flexible than the non-dominant ones. There was a weak positive non-significant correlation between ODI and AKE of the dominant side (r = 0.162, p = 0.1) and the non-dominant side (r = 0.071, p = 0.48). There was a weak negative non-significant correlation between ODI and SLR of the dominant side (r = - 0.29, p = 0.77) and the non-dominant side (r = - 0.53, p = 0.6). There was no relation between the degree of hamstring tightness and LBP in female students at Jouf University.

Strain imposed by knotting

Modulating properties by regulating the topology of molecular knots has had a considerable impact on the development of molecular nanotopology. In a recent issue of <i>Nature Synthesis</i>, Liu and co-workers report the use of a "nested contra-helices" approach for generating a series of molecular trefoil knots with varied degrees of tightness.

A labor market view on the risks of a U.S. hard landing

This paper uses historical labor market data to assess the plausibility that the Federal Reserve can engineer a soft landing for the economy. We first show that the labor market today is significantly tighter than implied by the unemployment rate: the vacancy and quit rates currently experienced in the United States correspond to a degree of labor market tightness previously associated with sub-2 percent unemployment rates. We highlight that the super-tight labor market coincides with current wage inflation of 6.5 percent – the highest level experienced in the past 40 years – and that firm-side slack measures predict further increases in wage inflation over the coming year. Finally, we show that high levels of wage inflation have historically been associated with a substantial risk of a recession over the next one to two years. We argue that periods that historically have been hailed as successful soft landings have little in common with the present moment. Our results suggest a very low likelihood that the Federal Reserve can reduce inflation without causing a significant slowdown in economic activity.

Max-Min Grouped Bandits

In this paper, we introduce a multi-armed bandit problem termed max-min grouped bandits, in which the arms are arranged in possibly-overlapping groups, and the goal is to find a group whose worst arm has the highest mean reward. This problem is of interest in applications such as recommendation systems, and is also closely related to widely-studied robust optimization problems. We present two algorithms based successive elimination and robust optimization, and derive upper bounds on the number of samples to guarantee finding a max-min optimal or near-optimal group, as well as an algorithm-independent lower bound. We discuss the degree of tightness of our bounds in various cases of interest, and the difficulties in deriving uniformly tight bounds.

DYNAMICS OF PNEUMATIC DRIVE. LECTURE CYCLE. OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR SERVO PNEUMATIC DRIVES

The paper considers the main problems of optimal design associated with the choice of optimal parameters that affect both the static and dynamic characteristics of the pneumatic servo drives – control and actuator mechanisms. The possibility of using one decisive criterion (objective function) is shown, which provides the determination of optimal parameters of a pneumatic actuator with forward and rotational movement of the output link, as well as its application in the synthesis of a servo pneumatic cylinder. To calculate the parameters of the servo pneumatic actuator that are close to optimal, a two-criteria LPt-search was applied. It is shown and the corresponding conclusion is made that the proposed objective function can be used in the synthesis of tracking pneumatic/hydraulic drives with forward and rotational motion of the output link. In addition, the objective function for a drive with an energy source is given. The choice of optimal values of the parameters of the digital PID controller to eliminate self-oscillation in systems, as well as optimization of the type of transients of the tracking pneumatic drive is considered. The reason for the study was the problem of the occurrence of self-oscillations in pneumatic systems when using friction models that are closest to real ones. The transition from an analog (continuous) system to a digital (discrete) one is shown and performed, for which it is necessary to determine the sampling period. The paper specifies the main methods for determining the sampling period and shows the disadvantages of these methods. Its described of the criteria definition allowing to choose the optimum parameters of the actuator piston seal. As criteria, it is proposed to use of the actuator’s volume efficiency hо , characterizing the degree of tightness and operating conditions, and hydromechanical hгм efficiency of the actuator, taking into account energy losses due to hydraulic resistance in the channels and friction in it. There are given the calculated dependences for hо and hгм. The scientific novelty of the results presented in the work is that the problem of structural (static) and dynamic optimization of the design of a servo pneumatic device has been solved. A distinctive feature of the above methods for selecting the optimal parameters of a servo pneumatic device is that they are used not at the final stage of development, but at the design stage of a newly developed product, which saves money, time and costs for conducting expensive tests. This work is based and is implemented as a course of lectures of the course “Dynamics of Pneumatic drive”, is red by the author at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University at the Department of “Hydromechanics, Hydraulic Machines and Hydropneumoautomatics” (E10), as part of the preparation of masters in the specialty 05.04.13 – Hydraulic machines and hydropneumatic drives.

Structure characteristics and evolution mechanism of oil sands bitumen at Karamay, Xinjiang(China)

The chemical structure largely influences the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products. Investigating the objective rules of structural characteristics and pyrolysis reactions of oil sands bitumen can enhance the knowledge of the pyrolysis reaction mechanism. This paper carried out the extensive experimental characterization of the chemical structure of Karamay oil sands bitumen (KBS) in Xinjiang, China. Then, the thermal evolution mechanism of the chemical structure of KBS was investigated by focusing on the thermogravimetric analysis and combining the characterization results of KBS at different pyrolysis final temperatures. The results show that the pyrolysis of KBS belonged to a parallel reaction. On one hand, aliphatic groups, as the main structure, undergo thermal cracking reactions to produce light oil. The oxygen-containing functional groups contributed to the production of CO and CO2. On the other hand, the aromatic structure, which has a high degree of condensation and high tightness, would condense into a more challenging to decompose coke during pyrolysis. Meanwhile, pyridinic was condensed into quaternary at this stage. The hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing functional group structure was present in the coke due to its better thermal stability. Finally, the paper proposed the pyrolysis reaction path for the chemical structure of KBS.

Degree and height estimates for modular equations on PEL Shimura varieties

We define modular equations in the setting of PEL Shimura varieties as equations describing Hecke correspondences, and prove upper bounds on their degrees and heights. This extends known results about elliptic modular polynomials, and implies complexity bounds for number-theoretic algorithms using these modular equations. In particular, we obtain tight degree bounds for modular equations of Siegel and Hilbert type for abelian surfaces.

Monetary policy in a world of radical uncertainty

Monetary policy in a world of radical uncertainty

Understanding regional mobility resilience and its relationship with regional culture during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pathogen-stress theory perspective

The global COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the passenger flow. Facing the same pandemic, various regions differ in the resilience of population mobility due to differences in the regional cultural. This study uses mobile big data to quantifies regional mobility resilience of 358 cities in China. Study results reveal the differences in regional mobility resilience of cities through spatial autocorrelation analysis, and verify the effects of regional culture on mobility resilience using a panel logit regression model based on pathogen-stress theory. Spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation in the regional mobility resilience of Chinese cities are identified through spatial analysis, which are manifested by various hot spots over time. Moreover, the panel regression results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant negative effect on regional mobility resilience; and that the negative effect of COVID-19 on regional mobility resilience is amplified in the cities with high degrees of dialect diversity, while it is weakened in the cities with high degrees of cultural tightness (which have strict norms and punishments for deviance). This study provides theoretical implications for mobility resilience in the context of COVID-19 and advances the pathogen-stress theory. Study findings also provide practical recommendations for regions to enhance regional mobility resilience under the challenges of future public health crisis events.

Сучасні підходи та вимоги до методів контролю герметичності оболонки тепловидільного елемента

An important place in the nuclear reactor of a nuclear power plant is the control of the tightness of the shells of the fuel elements of the nuclear reactor. Therefore, a review of existing methods of non-destructive testing of the tightness of fuel elements of fuel assemblies of a nuclear reactor of a nuclear power plant was conducted. Modern methods of control of tightness of shells of fuel elements allow to trace development of defect in a shell of fuel element and to reveal depressurization of fuel elements thereby preventing accidents. In connection with the single-circuit system of coolant circulation and in case of an accident by increasing the emission of radionuclides directly into the atmosphere, it is necessary to detect leaky fuel elements at nuclear power plants. In this regard, the analysis of modern methods of control of the tightness of the shell of the fuel element to detect the tightness of the shell of the fuel element is a topical issue that significantly increases the reliability and safety in the operation of a nuclear power plant. It is known that the interaction of the neutron flux with the shell of the fuel element causes corrosion processes on its surface with the formation of local inhomogeneities. The analysis of the considered methods of control of tightness of a fuel element showed that they are based on detection of percentage of radioactive substances and inert gases which are observed in the heat carrier after depressurization of a fuel element. It is established that the studied control methods do not allow to determine the criteria for depressurization or sealing of the shell of the fuel element. The question of equipping a nuclear power plant with modern methods of controlling the tightness of the shells of fuel elements that ensure the safe operation of technological equipment of a nuclear power plant, and have high degrees of reliability and efficiency in detecting emergencies in real time is open. A method of controlling damage to the outer and inner structure of the fuel element shell based on the use of a fractal geometry apparatus is proposed, which allows to indicate the degree of tightness of the fuel element in real time.

Properly colored short cycles in edge-colored graphs

Properly colored cycles in edge-colored graphs are closely related to directed cycles in oriented graphs. As an analogy of the well-known Caccetta–Häggkvist Conjecture, we study the existence of properly colored cycles of bounded length in an edge-colored graph. We first prove that for all integers s and t with t≥s≥2, every edge-colored graph G with no properly colored Ks,t contains a spanning subgraph H which admits an orientation D such that every directed cycle in D is a properly colored cycle in G. Using this result, we show that for r≥4, if the Caccetta–Häggkvist Conjecture holds , then every edge-colored graph of order n with minimum color degree at least n/r+2n+1 contains a properly colored cycle of length at most r. In addition, we also obtain an asymptotically tight total color degree condition which ensures a properly colored (or rainbow) Ks,t.

A Study on the Use of High Density Polyethylene Masks to Prevent Respiratory Infection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In this study, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nose wire was applied to a mask and then used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination to measure the change in SNR and evaluate satisfaction level. A phantom was used to measure SNR before and after the application of the HDPE mask, and to measure SNR before and after the application of a KF 94 mask. The techniques used were T1WI, T2WI, and DWI. In addition, after obtaining T2 mDixon and 3D T1 images of the HDPE mask group, SNR of the orbit and pons were measured and the degree of tightness and ease of breathing during the MRI examination were evaluated. The preference for the HDPE mask was assessed through a survey. The result of the phantom test showed that there was no significant difference in SNR before and after using the HDPE mask (p>0.05). However, results showed that there was a significant difference when using the KF 94 mask (p 0.05). The result of measuring the degree of tightness after wearing a mask showed that the wearing group and the non-wearing group had 3.53 ± 0.73 and 3.83 ± 0.75, respectively. Also, the result of measuring the ease of breathing was 3.10 ± 0.89 in the HDPE mask-wearing group, and 3.27 ± 0.91 in the non-wearing group and both findings showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The preference for the HDPE mask was 4.48 ± 0.54, indicating a high preference. The results of this study showed that the HDPE mask can be used without causing any signal change in the MRI images, and that patient satisfaction was high. Therefore, HDPE masks should be used to prevent respiratory infections during the examination.

Destruction of microbial stability in drinking water distribution systems by trace phosphorus polluted water source

The effects of trace phosphate concentrations (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/L) in water source were investigated on microbial stability of the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Obviously, the results verified that in the effluent of DWDSs simulated by annular reactors (ARs), the total microbial biomass and the absolute concentration of opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Hartmanella vermiformis increased significantly with phosphate concentration increasing. Based on X-ray powder diffractometer and zeta potentials measurement, trace phosphate did change physicochemical properties of corrosion products, hence promoting microbes escape from corrosion products to bulk water to a certain extent. Stimulated by chlorine disinfectant and phosphate, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from the suspended biofilms of AR-0.6 gradually exhibited superior characteristics including higher content, flocculating efficiency, hydrophobicity and tightness degree, contributing to formation of large-scale suspended biofilms with strong chlorine-resistance ability. However, the disinfection by-products concentration in DWDSs barely changed due to the balance of EPS precursors contribution and biodegradation effect, covering up the microbiological water quality risk. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the trace phosphorus polluted water source though its concentration was much lower than wastewater. This is the first study successfully revealing the influence mechanism of trace phosphate on microbial stability in DWDSs, which may help to fully understand the biofilms transformation and microbial community succession in DWDSs.

9.2: Invited Paper: The Evaluation and Testing on Visual Fatigue and Comfort Between Different Types of VR HMDS and Their Corresponding Pad or Phone

In the same indoor lighting conditions, we compare the differences in visual fatigue and comfort between VR devices and smartphone or tablets by the changes in visual fatigue, comfort and visual function of several different VR devices and their corresponding phone or pad before and after watching the same content. The test task is watching the same video, and the test task time for each condition is 40 minutes. The main measures indexes include critical fusion frequency, contrast sensitivity, stereoscopic function, diopter, accommodation and visual fatigue perception scale, etc. One group of test users is students aged 21‐35, and the other group is students aged 9‐15. The results show that there are no significant differences in critical fusion frequency, the contrast sensitivity and the stereoscopic visual indicators between the glasses VR device and the corresponding smartphone screen. But there are significant differences in critical fusion frequency before and after the task (ps&lt;0.05), indicating that visual fatigue occurred after the task. Whereas the other smartphone device and pad after watching video have produced a certain degree of eye tightness and headache. However, the differences between two samples in subjective visual fatigue, comfort, refractive degree and accommodation, contrast sensitivity and so on are not significant. In terms of critical fusion frequency, the decrease in critical fusion frequency of smartphone devices is greater than that of Pad, indicating that the use of smartphone devices has a greater impact on users' ability to identify critical fusion frequency than the use of iPad. The results show that there are a lot of developments in the technology of VR‐HMDs, and their effects on users' visual fatigue and comfort are comparable to those of tablet devices, but they are still different from tablet devices in some aspects.

A Unified Proof of Conjectures on Cycle Lengths in Graphs

Abstract In this paper, we prove a tight minimum degree condition in general graphs for the existence of paths between two given endpoints whose lengths form a long arithmetic progression with common difference one or two. This allows us to obtain a number of exact and optimal results on cycle lengths in graphs of given minimum degree, connectivity or chromatic number. More precisely, we prove the following statements by a unified approach: 1. Every graph $G$ with minimum degree at least $k+1$ contains cycles of all even lengths modulo $k$; in addition, if $G$ is $2$-connected and non-bipartite, then it contains cycles of all lengths modulo $k$. 2. For all $k\geq 3$, every $k$-connected graph contains a cycle of length zero modulo $k$. 3. Every $3$-connected non-bipartite graph with minimum degree at least $k+1$ contains $k$ cycles of consecutive lengths. 4. Every graph with chromatic number at least $k+2$ contains $k$ cycles of consecutive lengths. The 1st statement is a conjecture of Thomassen, the 2nd is a conjecture of Dean, the 3rd is a tight answer to a question of Bondy and Vince, and the 4th is a conjecture of Sudakov and Verstraëte. All of the above results are best possible.

Prevalence of Hamstring Tightness in Young Orthopaedic Surgeons

Introduction: Hamstring is a group of muscles that form an important part of core muscles (lumbo-pelvic and hip complex) and their tightness may reduce the lumbar lordosis thereby potentially decreasing the absorption of force, affecting posture, range of motion of lower limbs and increasing the possibility of developing Low Back Pain (LBP). It was planned to test hamstring tightness in group of Orthopaedic Surgeons as this group has been shown to be prone to develop back pain. Aim: To find prevalence of hamstring tightness in young Orthopaedic Surgeons who do not suffer from back pain. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at a tertiary care centre. Eighty two Orthopaedic Surgeons, between ages 24-35 years, were enrolled in the study. The height and weight of the subjects were recorded using a standardised medical scale. Age and medical history were recorded using a questionnaire. Knee extension angle were measured by active knee extension test. Less than 20 degree was considered normal. A 21-30 degree was regarded as mild tightness, 31-40 degree as moderate tightness and &gt;40 degree as severe tightness. Results: Eleven surgeons (12.9%) did not have any hamstring tightness on either side. Rest all had some degree of hamstring tightness. There was no side predominance for hamstring tightness and both sides were equally involved (p=0.67). The mean tightness on right side was 30.83 degree and left side was 31.11 degree. Further, there was no relation of Body Mass Index (BMI) and hamstring tightness. Conclusion: Prevalence of hamstring tightness is very high among young Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: Clinical, microbiological and management in a tertiary health care centre in central India- A descriptive study

Introduction: Congenital nasolacrimal duct has accounts for 6 % of newborn infants with various treatment. Microbiological studies to identify the type of species involved in Lacrimal Sac infection secondary to Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (CNLDO) have been extensively reposted. Aims and Objective: to assess microorganisms causing congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. To see efficacy of probing as compared to silastic intubation. Materials and Methods: A total 100 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients came with epiphora and mucous discharge. Inclusion criteria for the study was patients presenting with CNLDO (Presence of atleast one sign of NLDO: Epiphora, increased tear lake, and/or mucopurlent discharge), Age upto 9 years. Exclusion Criteria: Punctual or canalicular abnormality, H/o previous surgery, H/o faciomaxillary trauma, cleft lip/ cleft palate or any facial deformity, acute dacryocystitis, previous history of probing. Sample size was 100 patients. Results: Haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumonia were the most common microorganisms (n= 56, 40.5%; n= 37, 26.8% respectively) followed by moraxella catarrhalis (n=19, 13.7%), staphylococcus aureus (n=17, 12.3%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=9, 0.65%). Discussion: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction results in stagnation of fluid within the lacrimal sac area which causes secondary bacterial infection. The prevalence of CNLDO with no growth shows the sole effect of congenital anomaly on the degree of tightness. Conclusion: The mocobiological study of CNLDO may have a value in predicting the obstruction. Keywords: Acute dacryocystitis, Congenital nasolacrimal duct Obstruction.

Option effect of land transfer by city governments: a case study of Hangzhou

PurposeThis paper aims to study the impact of land options on the land transfer behaviour of Chinese city governments.Design/methodology/approachBased on the institutional environment of Hangzhou, China, the option pricing model is used to measure the option value of the trading plots. The effect of the option value on the land transfer price and the timing of transfers are estimated respectively, using the hedonic price model and the survival analysis models.FindingsThe results show that the option value has a significant explanation on land price and timing of land transfers. Under the effect of option value, the positive impact of fiscal pressure on the possibility of land transfer weakens. From the perspective of the annual option premium rate, the option premium is closely related to the real estate cycle. Option premiums are higher during booms but lower during recessions and in new urban areas.Practical implicationsBy revealing the distinction of land option premiums in different places and times, this paper provides a reference for city governments seeking a balance between real estate regulation and obtaining more land revenue.Originality/valueBy introducing policy variables that reflect the degree of tightness of real estate regulation and indicators of local government financial pressure, the paper discusses the impact of options on the transfer behaviour of local governments in different situations.

Study of spatial and temporal aging characteristic of catalyzed diesel particulate filter catalytic performance used for diesel vehicle

Catalyzed diesel particulate filters (CDPFs) have been widespread used as a technically and economically feasible mean for meeting increasingly stringent emissions limits. An important issue affecting the performance of a CDPF is its aging with using time. In this paper, the effects of noble metal loadings, regions and using mileage on the aging performance of a CDPF were investigated by methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and catalytic activity evaluation. Results showed that aging of the CDPF shifted the XRD characteristic diffraction peaks towards larger angles and increased the crystallinity, showing a slowing downward trend with the increase of the noble metal loadings. In addition, the increase of the noble metal loading would slow down the decline of Pt and Pt4+ concentration caused by aging. The characteristic temperatures of CO, C3H8 conversion and NO2 production increased after aging, and the more the noble metal loadings, the higher the range of the increase. But noticeably, excessive amounts of noble metals would not present the corresponding anti-aging properties. Specifically, the degree of aging in the inlet region was the deepest, the following is the outlet region, and the middle region was the smallest, which were also reflected in the increase range of crystallinity, characteristic temperatures of CO, C3H8 conversion and NO2 production, as well as the decrease range of Pt and Pt4+ concentrations. The increase of aging mileage reduced the size of the aggregates of the soot and ash in CDPFs, however, improved the degree of tightness between particles. Meanwhile Carbon (C) concentration in the soot and ash increased with the aging mileage.