Degree Of Self-confidence Research Articles

Applying the theory of planned behaviour to hospitality management students in Nigeria: the mediating role of self-confidence

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of self-confidence in the relationship between the constructs of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) (i.e. attitudes towards behaviour [ATB], subjective norms [SN] and perceived behavioural control [PBC]) and the entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) of hospitality management students. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a quantitative approach. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from a randomly selected sample of 126 hospitality management students from two federal polytechnics in Nigeria. To test the hypotheses formulated, partial least squares structural equation modelling was performed using SmartPLS software. Findings The results indicated that ATB and PBC had significantly positive links with EIs. The link between SN and EIs was only positive but not statistically significant. Further analysis showed that self-confidence had a significantly positive link with EIs and mediated the relationships between ATB and EIs and between PBC and EIs. Practical implications The findings have policy and practical implications for governments, policymakers and administrators of higher education institutions in Nigeria and other countries. Originality/value To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first study to provide empirical evidence of the mediating effect of self-confidence on the relationship between the TPB constructs and students’ EIs. Theoretically, the findings of this study lend credence to the applicability of the TPB in predicting students’ EIs across different contexts. More importantly, this study has modified the TPB by demonstrating that the effectiveness of the TPB constructs in influencing EIs depends on the degree of self-confidence that prospective entrepreneurs possess.

Managing consensus reaching process with self-confident double hierarchy linguistic preference relations in group decision making

Group decision making (GDM) can be defined as an environment where there exist a set of possible alternatives and a set of individuals (experts, judgements, etc.). Preference relation is one of the most widely used preference representation structures in GDM. Considering that the self-confidence degree is an important part to express preference information, and double hierarchy linguistic preference relation (DHLPR) is a cognitive complex linguistic information representation tool to express complex linguistic information, this paper presents a novel preference relation named as self-confident DHLPR. In addition, a weight-determining method is developed, which considers three kinds of information including the subjective weights and two kinds of objective weights. Furthermore, a consensus model is set up to manage the GDM problems with self-confident DHLPRs based on the priority ordering theory. The effectiveness of the proposed consensus model is illustrated by a case study concerning the selection of optimal hospitals in the field of Telemedicine. Finally, a simulation experiment is devised to testify the proposed consensus model and then some comparisons with other consensus reaching models are provided from three different angles including the number of iterations, the consensus success ratio and the distance between the original and adjusted preferences.

Hesitant Fuzzy DeGroot Opinion Dynamics Model and Its Application in Multi-attribute Decision Making

The research on the evolution law of the opinions can help the decision makers (DMs) improve the decision-making efficiency, predict the trend of events and make the right decision. These opinions are always described by one number, which is inaccurate and incomplete. To solve such a problem, in this paper, the hesitant fuzzy DeGroot (HF-DeGroot) opinion dynamics model is proposed. In order to simulate the transformation of hesitant fuzzy opinions, we introduced the multiplications for real matrix and hesitant fuzzy matrix. Then three kinds of transformation matrices with the consideration of the similarity degree, self-confidence degree and authority degree are constructed based on the hesitant fuzzy data and the consensus condition for the model is discussed as well. Furthermore, the HF-DeGroot opinion dynamics decision-making method is proposed from a prediction perspective and is applied to the emergency decision for the public health events. Finally, the effectiveness, feasibility and practicability of this method are shown by the comparison and simulation results.

Self-confidence and its relationship to the performance of the dynamic formation of the ring tool for students of the third stage

This study aimed to identify the degree of self confidence among the students of the third stage in the faculty of physical education and sports science for girls has been using the descriptive curriculum survey method and relations in order to suit the nature of the research problem the research community reached 94 students distributed among four division and the sample was chosen randomly 6 for the pilot and 20 for the main experiment and the results were presented and analyzed to reach the most important conclusions : there is a positive correlation between self-confidence and the performance of the motor formation in the research sample .

Healing Childhood Psychological Trauma and Improving Body Image Through Cosmetic Surgery.

Cosmetic surgery is an interdisciplinary field involving cosmetics and medicine that stems from the early modern obsession with disfigurement. The “correcting” of facial features and body parts was very likely because beauty was at the heart of most reconstructive desires. Cosmetic surgery patients typically experience improvements in body image, and some are very satisfied with the impact of cosmetic surgery in changing their behaviors and improving self-esteem. The doctrine of mind–body connection supports the concept of healing the heart through the body. However, some people feel disgraced after revealing their experiences of cosmetic surgery. It is known that people who experience childhood psychological trauma, such as abuse and school bullying, may opt for cosmetic surgery later in life. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between childhood psychological trauma, cosmetic surgery, and body image. Three female adults who had undergone different types of cosmetic surgery completed the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS), the Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES), and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), followed by semistructured face-to-face interviews. According to the results, 1) undergoing cosmetic surgery can enhance self-confidence, reduce body dissatisfaction, resolve inner conflicts, and somewhat relieve psychological distress; 2) self-esteem and body image obtained from cosmetic surgery can resolve the distressing aftereffects of childhood trauma that occur later in life; and 3) the perceived sense of beauty achieved from cosmetic surgery contributes to a certain degree of self-confidence in the short term and promotes appearance-enhancing behaviors while increasing the distress of others discovering their cosmetic surgery experiences. The implications of this study are that undergoing cosmetic surgery can have healing effects on childhood trauma; however, there are certain drawbacks that can occur, such as distress and an insatiable desire for or an “addiction” to surgery.

Do prospective primary school teachers suffer from Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in Spain?

The main aim of this study is to investigate Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in relation to the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language. A total of 75 prospective primary school teachers at the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) took part in this study. A small questionnaire that included the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz et al., 1986) was used to collect data. The results of this study show that most participants experience average and high anxiety levels in the language classroom. Communication apprehension was reported to be the main source of FLA, followed by fear of negative evaluation and test anxiety. The findings also revealed the strong association between FLA, motivation, language proficiency and degree of self-confidence. Furthermore, the data indicate that the primary source of speaking anxiety is related to participants’ lack of English proficiency. This may have potential adverse effects on the confidence levels of L2 teachers, their target language use, and their instructional competence (Horwitz, 1996).

Психологическая защищенность педагога как показатель благоприятного психологического климата образовательной среды

The study deals with the psychological security of teachers which is a pivotal factor in the educational process. The paper notes that the security level of the educational environment is determined by the degree of self-confidence, job satisfaction, protection from the negative psychological impact of educational actors. The research presents and discusses the results of the first stage of a study on this issue carried out among teachers of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The data obtained indicate the favorable psychological climate of teaching staff in educational institutions. Most teachers have a positive attitude towards the educational environment, are quite satisfied with their relationships with colleagues and students, and feel safe from the psychological violence when interacting with them. The research findings can serve as a basis for a detailed and in-depth analysis of this problem. Besides, they will be useful in designing and modeling the psychological conditions of training and education that promote better psychological health and the harmonious development of both students and teachers.

Self-Efficacy and the Use of Compensatory Strategies: A Study on EFL Learners

<p style="text-align:justify">This study aimed to explore the relationship between Turkish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ self-efficacy level and their use of compensatory strategies (CSs). The study further searched into the most and the least frequently used CSs by Turkish EFL learners. The participants of the study were fifty university students enrolled in the department of English Language Teaching at a private university in Istanbul, Turkey. Results indicated that the level of self-efficacy among Turkish learners of EFL was high. The top two most frequently used CSs by the learners were concluded to be the use of non-verbal signals (i.e., mime, gesture, facial expression) and circumlocution (i.e., describing an object or idea with a definition). In addition, the two least frequently used strategies were word coinage (i.e., creating a non-existent second language word based on a supposed rule) and avoidance (i.e., avoiding a topic, concept, grammatical construction, or phonological element that poses difficulty). The findings also revealed that the participants’ strategy use was not related to their degree of self-confidence.</p>

Research progress and development prospect of innovative self-efficacy

Innovative self-efficacy is the degree of self-confidence in the individual's ability to perform innovative activities. Although the theory of innovation self-efficacy is shorter, but as an important indicator of innovation ability measurement, it has been accepted by scholars in various countries, and innovative self-efficacy provides a new perspective for the cultivation of innovative talents. The research of innovation self-efficacy is still the initial stage. Chinese and foreign scholars have made some progress in measuring tools, antecedents, aftereffect and development, but there are still obvious differences and deficiencies, and the research results are not abundant. The future research will focus on the measurement tools, influencing factors and research direction of three aspects of systematic research to improve the theory of innovation self-efficacy. Key words: Creative; Creative self-efficacy; Innovative entrepreneurship education; Scale

Effects of Psyching-Up on Sprint Performance

Hammoudi-Nassib, S, Nassib, S, Chtara, M, Briki, W, Chaouachi, A, Tod, D, and Chamari, K. Effects of psyching-up on sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2066-2074, 2017-The present research aimed at examining whether the psyching up (PU) strategies improve performance in 30-m sprinting. Sixteen male sprinters (age, 20.6 ± 1.3 years; body mass, 77.5 ± 7.1 kg; height, 180.8 ± 5.6 cm) participated in this study. Before each experimental session, the Hooper index was used to monitor the subject's feeling for the quality of sleep of the previous night, perceived quantity of stress, delayed onset muscle soreness, and fatigue. After completing general and specific warm-up, participants had to rate their degree of self-confidence. Then, they were asked to follow 1 of these 4 conditions: Imagery (experimental PU condition), Preparatory arousal (experimental PU condition), Attention placebo (control condition), and Distraction (control condition) during the final 30 seconds of the rest period right before performing a 30-m sprint. Participants separately and randomly performed all conditions. Results showed that although the imagery and preparatory arousal strategies contributed to increase the performance in the short-distance sprints (from 0 to 10 m), the imagery strategy contributed to increase the performance in the 30-m sprints. These findings support the general view that the PU strategies could improve athletic performance.

Asymptotic behaviours of a class of threshold models for collective action in social networks

ABSTRACTA class of dynamic threshold models is proposed for describing the upset of collective actions in social networks. The agents of the network have to decide whether to undertake certain action or not. They make their decision by comparing the activity level of their neighbours with a time-varying threshold, evolving according to a time-invariant opinion dynamic model. Key features of the model are a parameter representing the degree of self-confidence of the agents and the mechanism adopted by the agents to evaluate the activity level of their neighbours. The case in which a radical agent, initially eager to undertake the action, interacts with a group of ordinary agents, is considered. The main contribution of the paper is the complete characterisation of the asymptotic behaviours of the network, for three different graph topologies. The asymptotic activity patterns are determined as a function of the self-confidence parameter and of the initial threshold of the ordinary agents. Numerical validation on a real ego network shows that the theoretical results obtained for simple graph structures provide useful insights on the network behaviour in more complex settings.

The comparison between self-confidence and symptoms of aggression and hyperactivity (ADHD) in children

ABSTRACTAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders in childhood, and almost 5% of children suffer from this disorder. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the comparison between self-confidence and different types of aggression symptoms, including physical, reactive–verbal and relational aggression in hyperactive children and healthy ones, with the age range of 6–12 years in primary schools. The study population included a total number of 60 students, who were chosen with the method of simple and available random sampling, among the students. The tools applied in the present study were consisted of Bern Reuter’s questionnaire of self-confidence and Shahim’s questionnaire of children’s aggression. The results of this study indicated that there is no significant difference between the degree of self-confidence in hyperactive children and in healthy children. In other words, healthy and hyperactive children both have the same degree of self-confidence. However, there exists a significant difference between the degree of aggression in healthy and in hyperactive children. That is, the amount of aggression symptoms is different in hyperactive children in comparison to healthy ones. Physical symptoms of aggression are seen more in hyperactive children rather than in healthy children.

قياس الثقة بالنفس لدى الطلبة المتفوقين دراسياً والعاديين وعلاقتهما ببعض المتغيرات

Abstract : The aim of this study is to identify the self confidence among The outstanding students and ordinary and its relationship with some variables at Dongola University students - Faculty of Education, To achieve this goal the researcher used the analytic descriptive method, The study sample consisted of (166) students who are (84) males and(82) females included the academic year (2015) chosen by the stratified random sample of (20%). The researcher used the measurements of the self confidence scales from his preparation. The researcher found that the degree of self-confidence for students is higher than the arithmetic mean ,And there was a positive relationship between self confidence and achievement as significant statistical differences in self-confidence between males and females in favor of males and outstanding students was found. And that the self confidence considered good predictor academic achievement. And the presence of statistical significant differences between study levels in self-confidence in favor to the Second level was found. Finally, in light of the study results and discussion the researcher suggested some recommendations. Keywords: Self Confidence- Outstanding and Ordinary- Dongola University Students.

Impact of a Planned Sexual Harassment Protective Program on Feeling of Safety and Self Confidence among Adolescent Girls

Background: Sexual harassment is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents. Its emergence is correlated to biological development; this behavior is neither normative nor socially appropriate given the negative impact on victims and its association with other aggressive and violent behavior. Enhancing adolescents’ self-confidence is helpful in empowering then to feel safe and protected against this antisocial phenomenon. Aim: is to assess the impact of a planned sexual harassment protective program on feeling of safety and self confidence among adolescent girls. Design: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted in two secondary schools at Menoufia Governerate: (1) El-Sanawia banat old secondary school. (2) El-Sanawia banat new secondary school. Sample: a number of 100 secondary school adolescent girls were selected randomly from the previously mentioned settings. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection. Tool one: Students’ knowledge questionnaire: it consisted of two parts. Part one: a structured: socio-demographic questionnaire to obtain demographic data about the studied sample. Part two: - sexual harassment structured questionnaire. Tool two: Five points Likert- scale structured questionnaire regarding degree of self confidence and felling of safety of adolescent girls. .Results: The results of the current study showed that, there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group regarding their level of confidence in their abilities and their actions for facing sexual harassment. Also, highly statistically significant differences were found between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group concerning levels of self confidence and feeling of safety where p: (<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that, adolescent girls had significant improvement in their feeling of safety and self confidence after utilization of a planned sexual harassment protective program .Recommendation: the study recommended to urgently utilize a planned sexual harassment protective programs for all adolescent girls as a mean to protect themselves and enhance their feeling of safety and self confidence regarding this negative phenomenon.

The Relationship between Self-Confidence with Achievement Based on Academic Motivation

This research aims to study the relationship between degree of self-confidence with academic achievement (Progress) based on Academic motivation of study was carried out in the city of Isfahan. Material and method in this study was descriptive of a correlation type. The community consists of a primary school student was the sixth 26308 Isfahan in 2013-2012 has been in the area. The first cluster sampling a couple of stratified education in the city of Isfahan for six, two were selected randomly selected area In the next stage of stratified random sampling a proper sample was selected. Research tools include educational motivation questionnaire (valrand et al., 1992) was a researcher and academic self-confidence. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. In the study of the correlation of test, analysis of variance, regression analysis step by step were used. And the results obtained showed that between educational and academic motivation and self-confidence with academic achievement, there is significant relationships between these two variables have to be predicting academic achievement.

Ethnic Stereotypes and Personality Traits in Multinational University Students

The purpose of this paper is to consider personality traits as the factors of social perception determining the characteristics of ethnic stereotypes and prejudices in multinational university students. Based on an analysis of the published data we suppose that such personality traits as self-confidence and aggression are connected with the peculiarities of the social perception in general and ethnic perceptions in particular. A total of 95 respondents took part in the research, including 36 young men and 59 young women. All the respondents were the first, second and third year Russian students of various departments of the multinational university (PFUR). The age of the respondents is from 18 to 21 years, the average age is 19 years. The self-confidence and aggression levels were measured by the Questionnaires developed by A. Krupnov (Krupnov, 2008) in accordance with the System-Functional Model. The features of the ethnic stereotypes of Russian students were measured by the technique of the Semantic Differential (Osgood, Suci, Tannenbaum, 1957). We used a modified version of the semantic differential called “Personal Differential” (Fetiskin, Kozlov, Manuilov, 2002). The Mann–Whitney U-test and regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Summing up the results of the study, it can be concluded that the characteristics of the ethnic stereotypes and prejudices of the Russian students are more associated with the degree of self-confidence they have, rather than aggressiveness. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n2p72

Videogestütztes Training in Gesprächsführung für Ärzte

The aim of an "intensive training course in communication skills for physicians" is to train the perception of behaviour and of emotions in the doctor-patient communication. Core elements of the training are role plays on topics perceived as difficult and brought in by participants. From the group discussions arises a rich array of observations. The identical reproduction of a situation in time and space by means of video permits a variety of ways to check the perception of a situation and the communication skills. The approach is illustrated by an example taken from one exercise. 26 physicians participated in three courses. The repetition of the scene played at the first day is repeated with the same actors at the end of a training. Progress can be measured by comparing the two scenes. An evaluation by means of a structured questionnaire was carried out at the end of the training, after three and twelve months. The higher degree of self confidence on the part of the physicians could be seen from the analysis of the videos, from the comparison of the two videos and also from the questionnaires. Training by means of video takes time and energy. From the view of the authors and also from the participants this didactic approach to training is very effective. The training can be a building block towards a better care for patients.

Networks and Managerialism: Field-testing competing paradigms

Australian universities under stress are pulled between competing paradigms of managerialism and networking. External pressures towards homogenisation contradict the national requirement for higher education system diversity. Managing complexity requires a degree of self-confidence which reinstates collegiality and administration above managerialism and enables the institution effectively to engage with its local-global environment. This paper draws out the competing paradigms. It then sketches the purposes, processes and outcomes whereby UWS Nepean rejuvenated and energised itself to cope with the changes of the late 1990s and the demands of the new entrepreneurialism, without succumbing to economic rationalism. It suggests how changed culture may result in changed behaviour and greater productivity via networking. Structure is less important than shared purpose, culture and morale. Process matters, but can lead to displacement, so that means become ends and outcomes are lost to the procedural outputs of strategic planning

A Study on Self-Confidence and Satisfaction in Maternal Role Performance Among Primiparas

This study examined the correlation between of self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance among primiparas. The subjects were 144 mothers, who were recruited from four general hospitals in Pusan. The data were collected from May 1. to August 31 in 1997. Self-confidence in ability to cope with tasks of motherhood and mother's satisfaction with motherhood and infant care were measured by the scales developed Lederman and associated(1981). Percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were obtained by using SPSS program. The results of the study were summarized as follows, 1. The degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance was above average with a mean score of 2.60.2. The degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance was above average with a mean score of 3.20.3. There were positive correlations between the degree of self-confidence and the degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance(r=.3035, p&lt;.001).In conclusion, since self-confidence in maternal role performance is positively related to maternal satisfaction in the role performance, nursing intervention to improve maternal role performance may lead mother's increased maternal self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. Futher research is needed to prove the causality.

Confidence in Mathematics and its Consequences: Gender differences among Israeli Jewish and Arab youth

Gender differences in mathematics learning in the high school serve as a basis for achievement in mathematical disciplines in higher education, as well as in social mobility in Western society. The main findings reported here are that, in the Jewish sector in Israel, even when the level of mathematics is held constant, so that the perceived degree of achievement in mathematics of boys and girls is similar, girls are nevertheless found to report a lower degree of self-confidence in mathematics than boys on a number of different measures. Paradoxically, the educational system in the Arab sector, despite its gender conservatism relative to the general Jewish sector, has succeeded in generating amongst its female students a high degree of perceived achievement and self-confidence in mathematics, which in turn increases their willingness to consider mathematically-based studies and professions in the future.