Degree Of Dysbiosis Research Articles

Time-Resolved Multiomics Illustrates Host and Gut Microbe Interactions during Salmonella Infection.

Salmonella infection, also known as Salmonellosis, is one of the most common food-borne illnesses. Salmonella infection can trigger host defensive functions, including an inflammatory response. The provoked-host inflammatory response has a significant impact on the bacterial population in the gut. In addition, Salmonella competes with other gut microorganisms for survival and growth within the host. Compositional and functional alterations in gut bacteria occur because of the host immunological response and competition between Salmonella and the gut microbiome. Host variation and the inherent complexity of the gut microbial community make understanding commensal and pathogen interactions particularly difficult during a Salmonella infection. Here, we present metabolomics and lipidomics analyses along with the 16S rRNA sequence analysis, revealing a comprehensive view of the metabolic interactions between the host and gut microbiota during Salmonella infection in a CBA/J mouse model. We found that different metabolic pathways were altered over the four investigated time points of Salmonella infection (days -2, +2, +6, and +13). Furthermore, metatranscriptomics analysis integrated with metabolomics and lipidomics analysis facilitated an understanding of the heterogeneous response of mice, depending on the degree of dysbiosis.

A-126 The Role of Lysozyme and Other Inflammatory Markers in Understanding GI Microbiome Changes

Abstract Background The role of GI microbiome in gut health, intestinal permeability, and the development of inflammation has been well-established however, few clinical studies assess microbiome (i.e. PCR) and biochemical markers from the same stool collection. Doctor’s Data Inc. (DDI) has been performing a GI microbiome test in conjunction with other stool biochemical markers for the past 3 years, with over 7000 patient samples analyzed. The aim of this study was to analyze GA-map® Probe results for possible correlations with elevated values for fecal calprotectin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. Methods Microbiome characterization The microbiome analysis test used in this study identifies 48 targeted analytes across six phyla using the GA-map® Dysbiosis test (Genetic Analysis AS, Oslo). The test algorithm has been trained and validated using 48 bacterial markers signal intensity obtained from 668 adults, including healthy subjects, patients with IBS and IBD. GA-map® Dysbiosis Analyzer software calculates the degree of dysbiosis (DI) of a given sample, assigning a DI ranging from 1 to 5. DI greater than 2 indicates that the microbiota is deviant from a healthy reference population (“dysbiotic”), while a score of 2 or lower is reported as “normobiotic”. Biochemical marker characterization Each stool sample was analyzed for a suite of biochemical markers - in particular calprotectin, lactoferrin and lysozyme - with the concentration determined using commercially available ELISA kits (ALPCO, Techlab). Results Using clinical cut-offs of 100.0 ug/g (calprotectin) and 7.3 ug/g (lactoferrin) the patient data was sorted into cohorts indicating disease state of “Normal”, “Intermediate” and “IBD Likely”, and further differentiated using the lysozyme result. The biochemical marker results were correlated against DI score for each stool sample (Figure 1). Conclusions DI score increases as biochemical inflammatory markers increase, with lysozyme as the key differentiating factor between patient cohorts.

Bowel cleansing, dysbiosis, and postoperative infection: the dots are starting to connect.

When preparing the bowel for surgery using purgative cleansing of either oral polyethylene glycol versus 0.9% normal saline enemas, the degree of dysbiosis is the same and is temporary recovering toward normal by postoperative day 30. When examining all infections, independent of treatment group, it appears that many infections arise from among the gut microbiota

Deciphering Microbial Composition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Therapeutic Response to Biologic Agents.

Growing evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiome impact the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although IBD often requires the use of immunosuppressant drugs and biologic therapies to facilitate clinical remission and mucosal healing, some patients do not benefit from these drugs, and the reasons for this remain poorly understood. Despite advancements, there is still a need to develop biomarkers to help predict prognosis and guide treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiome of IBD patients using biologics to identify microbial signatures associated with responses, following standard accepted criteria. Microbiomes in 66 stool samples from 39 IBD patients, comprising 20 CD and 19 UC patients starting biologic therapies, and 29 samples from healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively analyzed via NGS and an ensemble of metagenomics analysis tools. At baseline, differences were observed in alpha and beta metrics among patients with CD, UC and HC, as well as between the CD and UC groups. The degree of dysbiosis was more pronounced in CD patients, and those with dysbiosis exhibited a limited response to biological drugs. Pairwise differential abundance analyses revealed an increasing trend in the abundance of an unannotated genus from the Clostridiales order, Gemmiger genus and an unannotated genus from the Rikenellaceae family, which were consistently identified in greater abundance in HC. The Clostridium genus was more abundant in CD patients. At baseline, a greater abundance of the Odoribacter and Ruminococcus genera was found in IBD patients who responded to biologics at 14 weeks, whereas a genus identified as SMB53 was more enriched at 52 weeks. The Collinsella genus showed a higher prevalence among non-responder IBD patients. Additionally, a greater abundance of an unclassified genus from the Barnesiellaceae family and one from Lachnospiraceae was observed in IBD patients responding to Vedolizumab at 14 weeks. Our analyses showed global microbial diversity, mainly in CD. This indicated the absence or depletion of key taxa responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We also identified an abundance of pathobiont microbes in IBD patients at baseline, particularly in non-responders to biologic therapies. Furthermore, specific bacteria-producing SCFAs were abundant in patients responding to biologics and in those responding to Vedolizumab.

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and profiles of blood amino acids and acylcarnitines in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia

ObjectiveThis study aimed to discuss the distinctive features of the intestinal microbiota in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and to comprehensively analyse the composition of the intestinal microbiota as well as the levels of free amino acids and acylcarnitines in the peripheral blood of neonates experiencing hyperbilirubinemia.ResultsAt the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were the five predominant microbial groups identified in both the hyperbilirubinemia and control groups. Alpha diversity analysis, encompassing seven indices, showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, Beta diversity analysis revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbiota structure between the groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) indicated a significant reduction in the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae within the hyperbilirubinemia group compared to that in the control group. The heatmap revealed that the control group exhibited increased abundances of Escherichia and Bifidobacterium, while the hyperbilirubinemia group exhibited increased levels of Enterococcus and Streptococcus. Regarding blood amino acids and acylcarnitines, there were greater concentrations of citrulline (Cit), arginine (Arg), ornithine (Orn), and valine (Val) in the hyperbilirubinemia group than in the control group. The hyperbilirubinemia group also exhibited significant increases in medium-chain fatty acids (C6, C8), long-chain fatty acids (C18), and free carnitine (C0).ConclusionBy comparing neonates with hyperbilirubinemia to those without, a significant disparity in the community structure of the intestinal microbiota was observed. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the bilirubin metabolism process. The intestinal microbiota of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia exhibited a certain degree of dysbiosis. The abundances of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium were negatively correlated with the bilirubin concentration. Therefore, the fact that neonates with hyperbilirubinemia exhibit some variations in blood amino acid and acylcarnitine levels may provide, to a certain degree, a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and diagnosis.

Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated With Alterations in the Gastrointestinal Microbiota.

Emerging research suggests that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. This prospective pilot study evaluates changes in intestinal microbial composition in patients with RA initiating treatment with either methotrexate (MTX) or a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). Consecutive patients, fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for RA, who started treatment with either MTX or TNFi delivered a stool sample upon initiation of immunosuppression and 3 months later. A 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based validated microbiota test (GA-map Dysbiosis Index Score [DIS], Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway) was used to evaluate for the presence and degree of dysbiosis. Fecal levels of Prevotella copri (P. copri) were analyzed by custom-made quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Changes in microbial composition were analyzed in relation to changes in disease activity, as measured by the disease activity score based on 28-joint counts, using C-reactive protein. At baseline, dysbiosis was present in 33 of 50 (66%) participants and more common in participants with more than 2 years of disease duration (P = 0.019). At the 3-month follow-up, 27 of 50 (54%) were good treatment responders and the DIS had improved in 14 of 50 (28%). Participants initiating TNFi more often exhibited improvement in the DIS compared with those initiating MTX (P = 0.031). P. copri was identified in 32 of 50 (64%) at baseline. An improvement in disease activity score based on 28-joint counts, using C-reactive protein was associated with a simultaneous decrease in P. copri abundance (rs = 0.30, P = 0.036). This study affirms that dysbiosis is a feature of RA. Although patients were not randomized to MTX or TNFi, the findings suggest that specific therapies may differentially modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota in RA. The association between P. copri and treatment response requires further study.

Influence of dysbiotic syndrome on the formation of experimental nepropathy

Kidneys are sensitive to damage by pathogenic factors of dysbiotic syndrome, among which lipopolysaccharide is the main one. However, the influence of the dysbiotic syndrome on the formation of nephropathy has not been studied enough. The aim of the study is to determine the effect on the kidneys of rats of an experimental dysbiotic syndrome, which was modeled using the antibiotic lincomycin in combination with the administration of epinephrine. Material and methods. Experimental dysbiotic syndrome (systemic dysbiosis) was reproduced in 21 Wistar rats (female, 11 months old, average weight 310±25 g) by administration of lincomycin with adrenaline hydrotartrate. The activity of urease and lysozyme was determined in blood serum and tissue homogenates and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated. The condition of the kidneys was assessed by the activity of elastase, urease, lysozyme, catalase, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine, indicators of antioxidant protection. Results. The level of urease increases in the liver of rats with experimental dysbiosis by 2.3 times, in the mucous membrane of the stomach - by two times, and in blood serum - by 2.3 times. The activity of lysozyme decreases in rats with dysbiosis: in the liver - by 42%, in the stomach - by 36%, and in blood serum - by 32%. Urease activity in the kidneys increases by 76%, lysozyme activity decreases by 33%, which indicates a 2.6-fold increase in the degree of dysbiosis. As a result of dysbiosis in the kidneys, the level of biochemical markers of inflammation significantly increases: elastase by 79.5% and MDA by 18%, catalase activity significantly decreases (by 6%). Conclusions. The combined administration of lincomycin and adrenaline causes the development of a dysbiotic syndrome in experimental animals. Under the condition of modeling the dysbiotic syndrome, an inflammatory-dystrophic process develops in the kidneys, and the level of antioxidant protection significantly decreases. Under conditions of experimental dysbiosis, pathological processes in the kidneys are manifested to a lesser extent than in other organs, possibly due to the high initial level of lysozyme in the tissue.

Expansion of the γδT cell population in peripheral blood: a response of immune system to the damage of gastrointestinal mucous membranes in older age groups

γδT cells are unique lymphocytes that take an intermediate position between the cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Even at the stage of differentiation in the thymus, they acquire the status of effectors with cytotoxic activity and become powerful cytokine producers. The antigen-recognizing receptor of γδT cells formed by γ and δ chains and is assigned an important role in activation of these cells in tissues: it recognizes infected and tumor cells by the presence of intracellular stress molecules. γδT cells are found in the blood and mucous membranes. Today, researchers’ attention is focused on two subpopulations of γδT cells: γδ1 and γδ2. The first is abundantly represented in the mucous membranes, the second forms the bulk (90%) of circulating γδT cells. The aim of this study was to assess the level of circulating γδT cells in patients of older age groups with proven pathologies affecting mucous surfaces at various segments of the digestive tract. We have recruited older patients from the Russian Gerontological Research and Clinical Center aged 60 to 90 years. The main group (n = 28) included patients with lesions of the gastric mucosa and duodenum with erosive ulcerative foci. The age-matched comparison group (n = 33) consisted of patients without gastrointestinal manifestations and did not have indications for gastroduodenoscopy. A separate group (n = 35) included patients with varying degrees of colon dysbiosis. The number of γδT cells in the blood was determined by two-color flow cytofluorometry using monoclonal antibodies. Presence of erosive and ulcerative foci in the mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum was associated with increased numbers of circulating γδT cells population. An impaired function of intestinal barrier is considered a detrimental consequence of colon dysbiosis. Among patients with severe dysbiosis (3rd degree), the proportion of patients with a high content of γδT cells was significantly higher than among patients with the 1st (milder) degree of dysbiosis. Hence, the circulating population of γδT cells in the patients of the older age group responds by increased numbers to the damage (severity of damage) of the mucous membrane observed at different segments of digestive tract. The nonspecific nature of this response is obvious. Nevertheless, the expansion of this population in the circulating blood may be a sign of particular pathological process thus requiring further advanced diagnosis.

P005 0190Molecular-based classification of ulcerative colitis and its dynamic

Abstract Background A better characterization of inflammatory bowel disease is needed. We previously developed a molecular classification tool for Crohn’s disease, based on a combination of metagenomics (dysbiosis score - MDI), transcriptomics (barrier integrity score - BIS, autophagy score – ATS, unfolded protein response score - UPRS), serum proteomics (inflammation score - IPS) and genetics (polygenic risk score - GRS)1. We here investigated if this score could also apply for ulcerative colitis (UC) and how the individual components correlate with clinical outcomes. Methods For a total of 173 UC patients and 181 controls (CO), we collected faecal and blood samples, as well as colon biopsies (Table). Faecal microbiota 16S-sequencing, intestinal RNA-sequencing, and serum proteomics (OLINK inflammatory panel) were performed. Using proteomics and RNA expression data, IPS, ATS, UPRS and BIS were calculated. MDI was calculated as previously described1. Based on these findings, patients were categorized into quartiles, ranging from Q1 (the least dysfunctional state) to Q4 (the most dysfunctional state). The individual scores were correlated with time to first biological or biological switch, as well as correlations with C-reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin (FC), and the Montreal classification. The therapeutic value of MDI score was studied in a small dietary intervention pilot study (n=8)2. Results None of the individual components of the score were associated with disease extent. Patients diagnosed at a later age had increased ATS and BIS levels. BIS and UPRS showed a positive correlation with disease duration (r=0.36, r=0.54 respectively, p<0.001) (Figure2). MDI (spearman r=0.27, r=0.44, r=0.46 respectively, all p<0.0001) and IPS (r=0.5, r=0.7, r=0.6 respectively, all p<0.0001) correlated with CRP and FC levels, and time to first biologic. UPRS, ATS, MDI, BIS, and IPS were considerably higher in patients who required a switch in biologic therapy (all p<0.001). Finally, we observed a decreasing trend in MDI in response to dietary modification (Figure3). Conclusion In UC patients, we created a multifaceted scoring system to molecularly describe disease by the degree of dysbiosis, dysregulation of the immune proteome, and intestinal barrier integrity. We also demonstrated the dynamic of MDI of this score in relation to dietary intervention. Therefore, molecular profiling of patients may represent a new, individualized strategy to the management of UC.

The level of dysbiosis of the oral cavity depends on the type of dental prosthesis of the patient

The study involved 48 patients with the presence in the oral cavity of fixed dentures from 4 to 6 units with a service life of no more than 3 years. The samples of plaque from the vestibular surface of dentures were collected to determine the microorganisms in the gingival plaque. Bacteriological research was carried out by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction in real time using the Phemoflor 8 reagent kit. The degree of dysbiosis of the oral cavity was determined according to the classification of V. Khazanova. The results of the study of patients' samples did not reveal significant changes in the microbial landscape of the cervical areas. The total bacterial mass in the group of healthy individuals was lower than the total bacterial mass of patients in the investigated group significantly. IV degree of oral dysbiosis with a decrease in the number of lactobacilli, streptococci was characteristic of patients of denture wearers. The II degree of dysbiosis in patients with metal-ceramic structures was established. Patients who used solid cast and metal-plastic structures were diagnosed with II-III degree of dysbiosis of the oral cavity. The worst indicators were characteristic of prosthesis wearers of stamped-brazed structures. Quantitative indicators of the composition of the microbiota of the cervical areas of denture wearers have significant differences and different levels of dysbiosis of the oral cavity, depending on the type of dentures in the patients' mouth (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 21). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords.

METHOD OF CORRECTING NONSPECIFIC IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER

Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant-prooxidant system of oral fluid, indicators of antimicrobial protection and bacterial contamination of the oral cavity in patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx at the stages of surgical treatment with topical lysozyme in the form of mucosa-adhesive phytogel. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 38 patients (20 men and 18 women) with stage I-III oral cancer. The average age of patients was 56.5 years (from 33 to 75 years). The normal group included 10 people without changes in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Catalase, urease, lysozyme and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) activity were determined. Тhe antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) was calculated and the degree of dysbiosis. The study was performed on day 2 of hospitalization and day 14 of treatment. In the experimental group, the correction of local immunity was performed. Results: The conducted biochemical studies of oral fluid of patients with tumors of the oral cavity demonstrate the high effectiveness of the proposed local treatment. Thus, under its influence in the oral cavity of patients found a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation (MDA content), reduction of microbial contamination (urease activity) and the degree of dysbiosis with a simultaneous increase in nonspecific antimicrobial protection (lysozyme activity) and antioxidant system. Conclusions: Topical application of muco-adhesive phytogel Lysozyme in patients with tumors of the oral cavity in the postoperative period indicate its antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy, increase local immunity.

Clinical efficacy of a modern probiotic for the correction of intestinal microflora in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Despite the fact that dietary supplements (DS) are not medicines, an increasing number of publications testify to the effectiveness of probiotics consumed with food in the complex treatment and prevention of a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the complex probiotic in the relief of diarrheal syndrome associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in patients with IBS with diarrhea and AAD. Material and methods. The study included 54 patients (31 with IBS with diarrhea and 23 with idiopathic AAD) aged 18 to 50 years. All patients included in the study were prescribed 1 capsule (350 mg) of the DS Neobiotic Lactobalance® per day for 21 days. One capsule contains: bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum CBT BG7, Bifidobacterium lactis CBT BL3 Bifidobacterium bifidum CBT BF3), lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus CBT LA1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CBT LR5), lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus CBT ST3), fructooligosaccharides, vitamin C. The daily intake of bifidobacteria was 8.7×108 CFU, lactobacilli - 6.1×109 CFU, lactic acid bacteria 3.1×108 CFU and vitamin C - 12 mg. The severity of symptoms was assessed in points (from 0 to 7 points) using the GSRS questionnaire (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale). All patients underwent a microbiological analysis of feces with an assessment of the degree of dysbiosis before and after the administration of DS. Results. In patients with IBS with diarrhea, the assessment of the manifestations of diarrheal syndrome according to the GSRS questionnaire decreased statistically significantly from 17 to 6 points (2.9 times), abdominal pain - from 12 to 4 points (3.0 times) and dyspeptic syndrome - from 8 to 3 points (in 2.7 times). In patients with AAD, also according to the GSRS questionnaire, the manifestations of diarrheal syndrome decreased statistically significantly from 13 to 3 points (4.3 times), abdominal pain - from 4 to 1 points (4.0 times) and dyspepsia syndrome - from 5 to 2 points (in 2.5 times). Against the background of DS intake, according to the data of bacteriological examination of feces, intestinal microbiota normalized by day 21 due to an increase in the number of lacto- and bifidobacteria (p=<0.05). Conclusion. The study showed that the DS Neobiotic Lactobalance® contributes to the normalization of the intestinal microbiota and reduces the severity of clinical manifestations (diarrheal disorders or manifestations of diarrhea) in IBS and idiopathic AAD.

Зміни мікробіоценозу товстої кишки у хворих на неалкогольну жирову хворобу печінки при TORCH-інфекції

Introduction. The results of recent studies investigate the relationship between the formation of metabolic disorders in the body, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the intestinal microbiocenosis disorder, especially in patients with TORCH infection. The purpose of the study: to investigate the peculiarities of changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the colon microflora in patients with NAFLD infected with TORCH infection. Object and research methods. There were examined 72 patients with NAFLD. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group was included the patients with NAFLD who have detected antibodies of the IgG class to TORCH infections group (n=40); The II group was consisted of patients on NAFLD, who has had the test negative for infections of the TORCH group (n=32). All examined patients were undertaken general clinical examinations, as well as determination of the state of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the colon microflora. Research results and their discussion. Analysis results of biochemical blood analysis shows strongly marked detection of syndromes of cytolysis and cholestasis in NAFLD patients infected with pathogens of the TORCH group. The results of the anthropometric study indicate an inaccurate measure of the body mass index (BMI) in the vast majority of examined patients with NAFLD of both groups. At the same time, excess body weight is diagnosed more often in patients with NAFLD infected with pathogens of the TORCH group, while obesity of Class I and II is identified in patients of the II group. Analyzing the degree of severity of dysbiotic changes in patients of the I group the degree of dysbiosis (Ddys) II and III was diagnosed mainly in 47.% and in 30.0% of patients accordingly and dysbiosis of the IV degree was determined in 7.5% of patients, while in the II group patients dysbiosis of the II and I degrees mainly Conclusions. 1. Mainly dysbiosis of the II and III degrees was determined in NAFLD patients infected with pathogens of the TORCH group 47.5% and 30.0% of the examined respectively. 2. A direct dependancy between the severity of cholestatic and cytolytic syndromes and dysbiosis of the II degree in patients with NAFLD infected with pathogens of the TORCH group (r= 0.86; p&lt;0.01 and r= 0.74; p&lt;0, 05 respectively) was identified.

Bacterial Vaginosis: A Comprehensive Narrative on the Etiology, Clinical Features, and Management Approach.

Due to the intricate balance of the vaginal microbiota's ecology, bacterial vaginosis is documented in one-third of females globally at various times of their lives. It is a typical reason for unusual vaginal discharge and is linked to various health problems. Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the anaerobic microorganisms linked to bacterial vaginosis. bacterial vaginosisis diagnosed by Amsel's criteria as well as comparisons among Amsel's criteria, Nugent's criteria, and Hay/Ison's criteria. To scan and assess the degree of dysbiosis within the vaginal microbiome, researchers have upped their game by combining cutting-edge molecular methods, with a focus on how specific microbial populations fluctuate in comparison to a healthy condition. A clue cell can be detected on a simple wet mount of vaginal secretions. Despite receiving regular antibiotic therapy, a substantial risk of treatment failure and bacterial vaginosis recurrence persists. Researchers have revealed positive treatment effects and reduced the infection of the female reproductive system with harmful bacteria.

Gut microbiota in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome

In recent years, attention has been growing to assessing the role of the state of intestinal microbiocenosis in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension (AH) and metabolic syndrome (MS), the individual components of which are more or less associated with the state of the microbiota. In this regard, we made an attempt to clarify the features of the intestinal microbiota in hypertensive patients with MS in a comparative aspect with those with isolated hypertension. A microbiological study of feces was carried out in 86 patients, of which 46 with AH (comparison group) and 40 with AH and MS (main group). The microbiota of patients’ faeces was investigated using the classical bacteriological method and the biochemical method for express diagnostics of dysbiosis. For fecal microbiota in AH with MS, in comparison with AH, a lower release of representatives of normal microfl ora (bacteroids, latobacilli, bifi dobacteria), with the exception of Escherichia coli, is characteristic, more frequent excretion of facultative microfl ora (enterococci, Klebsiella, peptostreptococcus, staphylococcus protrusion)., II and III degree of dysbiosis (versus I and II with hypertension). The study revealed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with hypertension is associated with MS both in terms of a decrease in individual representatives of normal microfl ora and in terms of the greater presence and appearance of new representatives of opportunistic microfl ora, forming a high degree of dysbiosis in hypertensive patients with MS.

Therapeutic and preventive effect of the antidisbiotic agent kvertulin on the condition of the oral cavity of patients who received oral applications of fried sunflower oil

Background. To determine the possibility of prevention of dental complications in the consumption of fried sunflower oil (FSO) with the antidisbiotic agent Kvertulin.&#x0D; Methods. Patients underwent oral FSO applications for 10 days. The antidisbiotic agent was taken sublingually. The condition of the oral cavity was assessed by such indicators as salivation rate, hygienic indices, level in saliva of biochemical markers of inflammatory-dystrophic (elastase, MDA, urease), dysbiotic processes (urease, lysozyme, degree of dysbiosis) and antioxidant protection (catalase, index API).&#x0D; Results. It was found that the consumption of FSO increases the level of elastase, urease, MDA and the degree of dysbiosis in saliva, but reduces the level of lysozyme, catalase and API index. Previous use of Kvertulin significantly reduced the level of elastase, urease, MDA and the degree of dysbiosis and increased the level of lysozyme, catalase and API index. The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of quertulin in the patients who consumption of FSO was 64.4 %.&#x0D; Conclusion: Consumption of FSO causes the development of inflammatory-dystrophic and dysbiotic complications in the oral cavity, which can be largely prevented with the antidisbiotic agent Kvertulin.

THE ANTIDISBIOTIC EFFECT OF OIL CAKE FROM HIGH OLEIC SUNFLOWER SEEDS IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DYSBIOSIS

The work shows the relevance of the use in feeds production of means for correcting the microbiome. It is shown that the useof probiotic and prebiotic preparations increases the zootechnical efficiency of feed products, contributes to an increase in theamount of livestock and poultry products and forms its quality and safety. The expediency of using oil cake from high oleic sunflowerseeds in the production of feed products has been substantiated from the point of view of ensuring the nutritional value of productsand a positive effect on the norm of the flora of farm animals and poultry.Experimental dysbiosis in rats was reproduced with lincomycin. Oilcakes from linoleic and high oleic sunflower seeds wereadded to the diet in an amount of 10%. The experiment lasted 18 days. The activity of urease, lysozyme, elastase was determined inthe mucous membranes of the digestive tract (oral, small and large intestine), and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated.The therapeutic and prophylactic effect of oil cake from high oleic sunflower seeds on the development of inflammatory anddystrophic processes in the digestive system of rats under experimental dysbiosis was established. Studies have established an increasein the activity of elastase, urease, a decrease in the activity of lysozyme in rats with experimental dysbiosis. It was found thatthe consumption of high-oleic sunflower oil cake has a significantly greater therapeutic and prophylactic effect in comparison withthe linole-type sunflower oil cake, since it reduces the level of elastase by 23-45%, urease by 13.5-58% in the mucous membranes ofthe digestive tract. An increase of 25-94% in the activity of lysozyme in animals with experimental dysbiosis was established whenusing oil cake from high oleic sunflower. It was found that the consumption of oil cake from high oleic sunflower seeds reduces thedegree of dysbiosis in all tissues, especially in the small intestine (5 times).It was found that with dysbiosis in the digestive system, inflammatory-dystrophic processes develop as a result of a decreasein the level of nonspecific immunity. It was found that the consumption of oil cake from the seeds of high oleic sunflower has an antidisbioticeffect and, as a consequence, mucosoprotective effect.

Understanding the pathways leading to gut dysbiosis and enteric environmental dysfunction in infants: the influence of maternal dysbiosis and other microbiota determinants during early life

Maternal environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) encompasses undernutrition with an inflammatory gut profile, a variable degree of dysbiosis and increased translocation of pathogens in the gut mucosa. Even though recent research findings have shed light on the pathological pathways underlying the establishment of the infant gut dysbiosis, evidence on how maternal EED influences the development of gut dysbiosis and EED in the offspring remains elusive. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of maternal dysbiosis and EED on infant health, and explores recent progress in unraveling the mechanisms of acquisition of a dysbiotic gut microbiota in the offspring. In Western communities, maternal inoculum, delivery mode, perinatal antibiotics, feeding practices and infections are the major drivers of the infant gut microbiota during the first 2 years of life. In other latitudes, the infectious burden and maternal malnutrition might introduce further risk factors for infant gut dysbiosis. Novel tools, such as transcriptomics and metabolomics, have become indispensable to analyze the metabolic environment of the infant in utero and postpartum. Human milk oligosaccharides have essential prebiotic, antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties that might offer additional therapeutic opportunities.

Gut Microbial Signatures for Glycemic Responses of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study.

BackgroundsGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is probably one of more effective antidiabetic agents in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the heterogenicity in responses to GLP-1 RA may be potentially related to gut microbiota, although no human evidence has been published. This pilot study aims to identify microbial signatures associated with glycemic responses to GLP-1 RA.Materials and MethodsMicrobial compositions of 52 patients with T2D receiving GLP-1 RA were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bacterial biodiversity was compared between responders versus non-responders. Pearson’s correlation and random forest tree algorithm were used to identify microbial features of glycemic responses in T2D patients and multivariable linear regression models were used to validate clinical relevance.ResultsBeta diversity significantly differed between GLP-1 RA responders (n = 34) and non-responders (n = 18) (ADONIS, P = 0.004). The top 17 features associated with glycohemoglobin reduction had a 0.96 diagnostic ability, based on area under the ROC curve: Bacteroides dorei and Roseburia inulinivorans, the two microbes having immunomodulation effects, along with Lachnoclostridium sp. and Butyricicoccus sp., were positively correlated with glycemic reduction; Prevotella copri, the microbe related to insulin resistance, together with Ruminococcaceae sp., Bacteroidales sp., Eubacterium coprostanoligenes sp., Dialister succinatiphilus, Alistipes obesi, Mitsuokella spp., Butyricimonas virosa, Moryella sp., and Lactobacillus mucosae had negative correlation. Furthermore, Bacteroides dorei, Lachnoclostridium sp. and Mitsuokella multacida were significant after adjusting for baseline glycohemoglobin and C-peptide concentrations, two clinical confounders.ConclusionsUnique gut microbial signatures are associated with glycemic responses to GLP-RA treatment and reflect degrees of dysbiosis in T2D patients.

The effect of different doses of octenidine hexafluorosilicate on the development of dental caries in rats

At present, ammonium hexafluorosilicate and hexafluorosilicates of organic amonium cations are actively studied as potential anticaries agents, which demonstrate certain advantages over traditional compounds of fluorine. Previously, it was shown that hexafluorosilicates with bactericidal cations of chlorhexidine, polyhexamethyleneguanidine and cetylpyridinium effectively reduce the number and depth of carious lesions of teeth in rats and at the same time significantly improve the biochemical parameters of the pulp of the teeth.&#x0D; The aim of the work – to study the effect of different doses of octenidine hexafluorosilicate (OHFS) on the incidence of dental caries in rats fed a cariogenic diet (CD).&#x0D; OHFC preparations were applied to the teeth and gums of rats in the composition of phytogels based on Na-salt of carboxymethylcellulose. In the incisor pulp, the activity of alkaline (ALP) and acidic (ACP) phosphatases, elastase, lysozyme was determined, and the mineralizing index (MI) was calculated. The number and depth of dental caries lesions were calculated and caries prophylactic efficacy (CPE) was calculated. The activity of elastase, catalase, lysozyme and urease was determined in the gums, and the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was determined.&#x0D; Determination of dental caries lesions shows that CD does not increase the number of carious lesions, and after the application of gels with OHFS, their number significantly decreases. The most effective was the concentration of the OHFS gel, equal to 2 mg/ml, although the concentration of the OHFS gel 1 mg/ml showed a decrease by 33.3%. The calculated CPE is 33.3% for a gel with 1 mg/ml OHFS, 36.4% for a gel with 2 mg/ml and 24.2% for a gel with 4 mg/ml. It has been shown that in rats receiving CD, the ALP activity significantly decreases and the ACP activity significantly increases, which gives a significant decrease in MI from 43.9 to 28.9. Application of gels with OHFS returns the activity of both phosphatases to the control level and almost completely normalizes MI, and the concentration of OHFS gel of 2 mg/ml turned out to be the most effective. Application of gels with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml OHFS reduced elastase activity by 6% and 12%, respectively, whereas application of a gel with 4 mg/ml OHFS did not result in a decrease in elastase activity. From the results of determining the degree of dysbiosis in the blood serum of rats, it can be seen that CD causes the development of generalized dysbiosis. Application of gels with OHFS significantly reduce the degree of dysbiosis, especially gels with OHFS concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml.&#x0D; Oral application of gels containing OHFS reduces the incidence of caries on the teeth, increases the mineralizing activity of the pulp and reduces the degree of generalized dysbiosis. The most effective concentration of the OHFS gel is 2 mg/ml, which corresponds to a dose of 2.2 mg/kg.