Degree Of Congruence Research Articles

La tipología RIASEC y las modalidades de bachillerato

RESUMENLa teoría de Holland permite clasificar e identificar personas y ambientes conforme a la Tipología RIASEC. Utilizando una adaptación del Self-Directed Search (Holland, 1994) a adolescentes gallegos,Búsqueda Encaminada, 1998 (Eire, 1998) se obtuvieron códigos diferenciados correspondientes a cada una de las opciones académicas que se pueden dar en Bachillerato (Ciencias, Letras y Mixtas) que permiten establecer el grado de congruencia entre el Código Holland de un aspirante y la opción académica. Se discuten diversas implicaciones para orientadores y responsables de los servicios de orientación.ABSTRACTHolland’s theory allows to classify and to identify people and environmennts according to the RIASEC typology. Using an adaptation of the Self-Directed Search (Hollannd, 1994) to Galician adolescents —Búsqueda Encamiñada, 1998-BE-98 (Eire, 1998)— differentiated codes were obtained corresponding to each one of the academic options that there exist in High School (Sciences, Mixed and Letters) and that allow to establish the congruence degree between the Code Holland of an aspirantand the academic option. Different implications for the careers guidance and the orientation servicesare discussed.

Predictors of Patient Satisfaction in Three Tiers of Health Care Facilities of North India

Background: Satisfaction with quality of health care provision can be conceptualized as a degree of congruency between patient expectation and his perception of services and care received. Aims and objectives: This paper examines the level of satisfaction among patients attending OPD (Outpatient Department) in public health facilities in a city in Northern part of India. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional sample survey design, wherein a total of 942 study subjects were exit interviewed. An eighty item scale was developed and validated using Delphi technique which covers six major domains of patient satisfaction. It was pilot tested in twenty subjects for development of final tool. Each item was dichotomized as “not satisfied” and “satisfied”. The composite score of each item was later computed and coded as “below average satisfaction” if it was below 0.5 and “above average satisfaction” if it was above 0.5. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of patient satisfaction. Results: Out of 942 study subjects, 728 (77.3%) were satisfied with the various dimensions of service provision at the health care facilities. Logistic regression model revealed that the predictors of patient satisfaction were accessibility to health facility (Odds ratio=6.6), physician care (Odds ratio=4.2), management (Odds ratio=2.9) and physical environment (Odds ratio=2.1). Display of signage’s and staff behaviour did not predict patient satisfaction. Patients attending higher level health care facilities like district hospital were more satisfied (Odds ratio=123.3) as compared to those attending community health centres (Odds ratio=26.0), polyclinic (Odds ratio=12.5) and dispensaries. The respondents in younger age group (10-19 years) were more satisfied as compared to those in age group 19-60 years (Odds ratio=0.79) and 60 years and above (Odds ratio=0.64). Similarly, literate individuals were less satisfied (Odds ratio=0.2) as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: To conclude, there was an overall good level of satisfaction with OPD. The policy makers should focus on correlates of satisfaction namely, accessibility to health facility, physician care, physical environment and management of health care facility.

Is the choice of a degree program a factor of personality types and degree of congruence

Is the choice of a degree program a factor of personality types and degree of congruence

Microsatellite-based genetic diversity in selected exotic and indigenous maize (Zea maysL.) inbred lines differing in total kernel carotenoids

A set of 24 diverse maize inbred lines, selected on the basis of their total kernel carotenoid concentration, were characterized using 36 microsatellite/simple sequence repeat markers distributed throughout the genome. A total of 140 polymorphic SSR alleles was detected, with a mean of four allelesper locus.The study led to the identification of eight informative SSR loci detecting 10 unique alleles. The average polymorphism information content was 0.55, with a range of 0.18 to 0.78. Genetic dissimilarity calculated using Jaccard's coefficient varied from 0.41 to 0.94 with a mean of 0.77. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean showed four major clusters among the inbred lines. High degree of congruence was observed between clustering pattern and the pedigree data. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) also depicted the genetic diversity amongthe selected inbred lines.The study led to identification of genetically diverse and phenotypically contrasting inbred lines.These inbred lines can be potentially used in developing suitable mapping populations for QTL analysis, besides generating hybrid combinations with desirable kernel carotenoids.

What will I be like at eighty? How human values contribute to expected real and ideal self-images in old age in a Germanic/Austrian cultural context

According to Grawe’s Consistency Theory, congruence between an individual’s aims and reality is fundamental for psychological health. We examined the real and ideal self-images of N = 440 participants in a Germanic/Austrian cultural context as perceived in presence and as anticipated for an age of 80 years and examined their relationship to value orientations as a coping resource. From adjective ratings on the Semantic Differential for the real self-image at presence, two dimensions were extracted, one representing Warmth (W) and one representing Competence (C) in the sense of the Stereotype Content Model. Cluster analysis yielded one type of respondents with a cautiously optimistic, and one with a moderately pessimistic view of the present and the future. A third cluster devalued W and C in favor of Religiosity and Conservatism and had the highest degree of congruence between real and ideal self-images. Thus, hypotheses with regard to Religiosity and Conservatism as coping resources were confirmed.

Listeners' Perception of Intended Emotions in Music

Music functions as a catalyst for various emotional experiences. Among the numerous genres of music, film music has been reported to induce strong emotional responses. However, the effectiveness of film music in evoking different types of emotions and its relationship in terms of which musical elements contribute to listeners' perception of intended emotion have been rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the congruence between the intended emotion and the perceived emotion of listeners in film music listening and to identify musical characteristics of film music that correspond with specific types of emotion. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate possible relationships between participants' identification responses and personal musical experience. A total of 147 college students listened to twelve 15-second music excerpts and identified the perceived emotion during music listening. The results showed a high degree of congruence between the intended emotion in film music and the participants' perceived emotion. Existence of tonality and modality were found to play an important role in listeners' perception of intended emotion. The findings suggest that identification of perceived emotion in film music excerpts was congruent regardless of individual differences. Specific music components that led to high congruence are further discussed.

The role of congruency in taste–odor interactions

The present study investigated the role that congruency between tastes and odors plays in two types of taste–odor interactions: retronasal odor enhancement by taste and retronasal odor referral to the mouth. In the first experiment, subjects rated (1) the intensities of sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and specific odor of aqueous samples of 3 tastants (sucrose, citric acid, caffeine) and 2 odorants (citral, coffee odor), both alone and in taste–odor mixtures, and (2) the degree of congruency of all possible taste–odor pairs. The results showed that only sucrose significantly enhanced the perceived intensities of citrus and coffee odors (Tukey’s test, p<0.05), while citric acid and caffeine failed to enhance or even suppressed the odors. In the second experiment, the returning subjects were asked (1) to report the perceived locations of the odors after inhaling 3 odorants (citral, “sweet” and “bitter” coffee odors) through the mouth alone or in the presence of either water or various tastes in the mouth, and (2) to rate the degree of congruency between tastes and odors. The data showed that a highly congruent taste or taste mixture significantly increased localization of odors to the mouth (χ2, p<0.05). These findings suggest that taste–odor congruency is a necessary but not sufficient condition for retronasal odor enhancement. In contrast, taste–odor congruency is a critical component for retronasal odor referral, and the degree of congruency modulates the degree of odor referral to the mouth. The results and implications of the study findings are discussed in terms of cognitive and perceptual factors of flavor perception.

분만 후 여성의 의료환경 만족도에 미치는 요인

본 연구의 목적은 분만을 위해 내원한 여성들의 의료환경 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위함이다. 전국 101개의 병원에 내원한 783명의 분만 여성을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료는 빈도, t-test, ANOVA, 상관계수, 다중회귀 분석으로 평가하였다. 분만여성의 만족도는 개인적, 환경적 특성과 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 세부적으로, 입원실 종류, 본인 의사/취향을 고려치못한 다인실 사용, 가족분만실 사용, 계획된 내원, 분만주수, 병원이 위치한 지역이 만족도를 유의하게 설명하였다. 그러므로 병원내원자의 만족도는 개인과 환경사이 상호작용의 결과물로 주의깊게 이해되어야 하며, 만족도의 정도는 개인-환경적 특성간의 일치성 정도로 표현될 수 있다는 것을 제시한다. 또한, 건강간호 전문가는 개인의 취향/의지/통제력과 환경적 상황사이의 차이를 줄이기 위한 전략을 개발해야 하며, 이러한 노력은 분만 여성의 의료환경 만족도 향상에 기여할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to determine factors of women's satisfaction of hospital environment following childbirth. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 783 women visited at 101 hospitals for delivery and frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed. Women's satisfaction was significantly related with personal and environmental factors. Specifically, a kind of patient room, using a shared room regardless of their preference, using family delivery room, planned hospitalization, gestational week at delivery, and hospital locations significantly predicted the variance of women's satisfaction. Therefore, hospital user satisfaction should be carefully understood as a consequence of interaction of person and environment and the level of satisfaction can be represented by the degree of congruency between personal and environmental characteristics. Furthermore, healthcare providers should develop strategies to reduce gaps between personal preferences/will/control and environmental situations, contributing to women's satisfaction with hospital following childbirth.

Comparing cultural differences in two quality measures in Chinese kindergartens: the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised and the Kindergarten Quality Rating System

This study examined the degrees of congruence between two early childhood evaluation systems on various quality concepts: the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R) and Zhejiang’s Kindergarten Quality Rating System (KQRS). Analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference tests were employed to show the extent to which the ECERS-R ratings predict a kindergarten’s placement on the KQRS. Results found two quality dimensions (Language-reasoning and Interaction) that did not distinguish the quality between any levels of kindergartens, whereas one dimension (Space and furnishing) successfully distinguished the quality between all levels of kindergartens. Activities and Programme structure only distinguished the quality differences between Level-2 and Level-3 kindergartens, whereas Personal care and Routines only distinguished the quality differences between Level-1 and Level-3 kindergartens. Findings based on item-level analysis provided further insights into underlying cultural and contextual reasons for differences found in the concepts of quality in the two evaluation systems.

Issue Congruence across Legislative Terms: Examining the Democratic Party Mandate in the European Parliament

Much of the empowerment of the European Parliament over the years is due to its special role in providing a bridge connecting the public’s policy preferences on the one hand, and the legislative behaviour of elected officials on the other. As the only popularly elected EU institution, successive treaty reforms increased the EP’s political power. These reforms were accompanied by an explicit desire to see citizens’ involvement in EU politics increase and, in turn, provide support and legitimacy to the European integration project. This paper models MEPs’ track records on various political issues, and assesses the extent to which their output is in line with the positions their party campaigned on and the policy preferences expressed in public opinion. The findings suggest that there are discrete patterns of representation, where some parties are more inclined toward greater congruence with their selectorate and manifesto than others. Furthermore, the degree of congruence varies across policy issues and is shaped, to a large extent, by institutional arrangements and political context.

Patient-specific Analysis of Periodontal and Peri-implant Microbiomes

Periodontally involved teeth have been implicated as ‘microbial reservoirs’ in the etiology of peri-implant diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the degree of congruence between adjacent peri-implant and periodontal microbiomes in states of health and disease. Subgingival and peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 81 partially edentulous individuals with periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. Bacterial DNA was isolated, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced by pyrotag sequencing. Chimera-depleted sequences were compared against a locally hosted curated database for bacterial identification. Statistical significance was determined by paired Student’s t tests between tooth-implant pairs. The 1.9 million sequences identified represented 523 species. Sixty percent of individuals shared less than 50% of all species between their periodontal and peri-implant biofilms, and 85% of individuals shared less than 8% of abundant species between tooth and implant. Additionally, the periodontal microbiome demonstrated significantly higher diversity than the implant, and distinct bacterial lineages were associated with health and disease in each ecosystem. Analysis of our data suggests that simple geographic proximity is not a sufficient determinant of colonization of topographically distinct niches, and that the peri-implant and periodontal microbiomes represent microbiologically distinct ecosystems.

Task-Based Representation of Moving Images

What role does task play in the representation of visual information? Does the nature of the task at hand drive the need for either visual or textual representations for moving images? This paper is a report of research conducted to construct a task-based framework for the representation of moving images. This study measured the degree of congruence between moving images and their representations, both text and image based, in a non-retrieval environment with and without task constraints.

Decisive data sets in phylogenomics: lessons from studies on the phylogenetic relationships of primarily wingless insects.

Phylogenetic relationships of the primarily wingless insects are still considered unresolved. Even the most comprehensive phylogenomic studies that addressed this question did not yield congruent results. To get a grip on these problems, we here analyzed the sources of incongruence in these phylogenomic studies by using an extended transcriptome data set. Our analyses showed that unevenly distributed missing data can be severely misleading by inflating node support despite the absence of phylogenetic signal. In consequence, only decisive data sets should be used which exclusively comprise data blocks containing all taxa whose relationships are addressed. Additionally, we used Four-cluster Likelihood Mapping (FcLM) to measure the degree of congruence among genes of a data set, as a measure of support alternative to bootstrap. FcLM showed incongruent signal among genes, which in our case is correlated neither with functional class assignment of these genes nor with model misspecification due to unpartitioned analyses. The herein analyzed data set is the currently largest data set covering primarily wingless insects, but failed to elucidate their interordinal phylogenetic relationships. Although this is unsatisfying from a phylogenetic perspective, we try to show that the analyses of structure and signal within phylogenomic data can protect us from biased phylogenetic inferences due to analytical artifacts.

The Influence of Fear of Negative Evaluation and the Degree of Congruence between Desires and Expectations on Adolescent Identity

The Influence of Fear of Negative Evaluation and the Degree of Congruence between Desires and Expectations on Adolescent Identity

Elements, causes and effects of donor engagement among supporters of UK charities

A survey of charity donors sought to establish the main causes and effects of charity donors’ feelings of engagement with the charities they had supported during the previous 12 months. Engagement was characterised in terms of a donor’s enthusiasm when supporting an organisation, passion for the charity, and deep interest in its activities. A model was developed which assumed that levels of engagement were determined by a person’s experience of interacting with a charity, relationship quality, and the degree of congruence between a donor’s image of the charity and the individual’s self-identity. A new scale to measure donor engagement was specially constructed for use in the investigation. Consequences of high engagement were posited to include increased donations, more frequent giving and improved word of mouth. Relationship quality was hypothesised to involve trust in and a sense of closeness to a charity’s work. Data on donors’ engagement levels was collected via street interviews with a sample of 791 supporters of UK charities.

Measuring Congruence between Property Crime Problems and Response Strategies: Enhancing the Problem-Solving Process

Property crime in Lowell, Massachusetts is fueled primarily by burglaries, motor vehicle crimes, and larcenies. The Lowell Police Department utilized the Smart Policing Initiative (SPI) to focus problem-solving efforts on property crime hot spots. Problem-solving is an effective crime reduction tool but deficiencies remain in implementing the problem-solving process. This article discusses how Lowell operationalized problem-solving in crime hot spots, focusing on the alignment between property crime problems and response strategies selected to achieve results. We apply the congruence model of organizational behavior, analyzing quantitative and qualitative data to measure the fit between problems and responses. We found a high degree of congruence between the SPI problem-solving components, which likely produced the positive crime reductions observed in the outcome data. By applying the concept of congruence, we offer a framework for strengthening problem solving at the outset through alignment of response strategies to crime problems.

In Vivo Ultrasound Measurement of Posterior Femoral Glide During Hip Joint Mobilization in Healthy College Students

Descriptive study. To measure femoral translational glide in vivo during posterior hip joint mobilization and to interpret data in the context of the normal arthrokinematic glide necessary for hip flexion. Joint play, or translational glide available at a joint, is largely influenced by the geometry of the articular surfaces. The high degree of congruence between the articular surfaces at the hip and the substantial arc of concavity of the acetabulum suggests that the amount of translational glide available at the hip should be very small. Twenty subjects received manual posteriorly directed hip mobilization at a force equal to 50% of their body weight, while concurrent ultrasound imaging of the joint was performed. Images were captured before and during application of the target mobilization force. Femoroacetabular distance for each image was measured, and the average of the 3 greatest differences between corresponding before/during mobilization values represented the translational glide produced. The amplitude of arthrokinematic glide (tangential glide) was calculated using the measured femoral head radius and hip flexion passive range of motion for each subject. The average posterior femoral translational glide was 2.0 mm (range, 0.8-4.2 mm). The average calculated tangential glide required for hip flexion passive range of motion was 53.8 mm (range, 43.2-64.8 mm). The average translational glide as a percentage of tangential glide was 3.8% (range, 1.5%-7.9%). Translational glides at the hip are small, particularly in the context of the amplitude of glide necessary for normal hip flexion range of motion.

Predictors of discordance between physicians' and patients' appraisals of health-related quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients: Findings from the Angiotensin II Antagonist in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Trial

Assessing health status is fundamental when weighing treatment options for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Most health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) data stem from self-ratings, whereas treatment decisions are based upon physicians' estimations. The degree of congruence between patients' and physicians' assessments of the patients' subjective health status was used as an indicator of good communication and shared understanding. A total of 334 patients with paroxysmal AF without significant concomitant heart diseases and their physicians were asked in a prospective blinded study to rate the patients' HRQoL. The Short Form-12 was used for self-ratings; the Short Form-8, for physician ratings. Using baseline data, intraclass correlations and Bland-Altman graphs were used to assess concordance; cross-sectional multivariate regression analyses assessed patient characteristics associated with discordance. On average, physicians rated their patients' HRQoL higher than patients did (∆mental component score [MCS] = -3.23, P < .0001, and ∆physical component score [PCS] = -2.21, P = .0001). Intraclass correlations and Bland-Altman graphs showed unsatisfactory concordance. Physical inactivity (∆ = 4.84) had the greatest bivariate effect on PCS discordance, and major depressive disorder (∆ = 7.01), on MCS discordance. In the regression analyses, depression was significantly associated with discord in the MCS (β = -0.94, P < .001) and the PCS (β = -0.37, P < .002). Sleeping disorder was associated with discord in the MCS (β = -4.13, P < .002), and physical inactivity, with discord in the PCS (β = -1.47, P = .006). In patients with AF, even in the absence of significant concomitant cardiac diseases, depression, followed by sleeping disorder and physical inactivity, was significantly associated with discordance. These findings should be considered by physicians when choosing treatment strategies.

Comparison of DNA Extraction Methods in Analysis of Salivary Bacterial Communities

Culture-independent high-throughput sequencing-based methods are widely used to study bacterial communities. Although these approaches are superior to traditional culture-based methods, they introduce bias at the experimental and bioinformatics levels. We assessed the diversity of the human salivary microbiome by pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA V1–3 amplicons using metagenomic DNA extracted by two different protocols: a simple proteinase K digestion without a subsequent DNA clean-up step, and a bead-beating mechanical lysis protocol followed by column DNA purification. A high degree of congruence was found between the two extraction methods, most notably in regard to the microbial community composition. The results showed that for a given bioinformatics pipeline, all the taxa with an average proportion >0.12% in samples processed using one extraction method were also detected in samples extracted using the other method. The same taxa tended to be abundant and frequent for both extraction methods. The relative abundance of sequence reads assigned to the phyla Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, TM7, Synergistetes, and Tenericutes was significantly higher in the mechanically-treated samples than in the enzymatically-treated samples, whereas the phylum Firmicutes showed the opposite pattern. No significant differences in diversity indices were found between the extraction methods, although the mechanical lysis method revealed higher operational taxonomic unit richness. Differences between the extraction procedures outweighed the variations due to the bioinformatics analysis pipelines used.

Glenohumeral relationships: Subchondral mineralization patterns, thickness of cartilage, and radii of curvature

Subchondral mineralization represents the loading history of a joint and can be measured in vivo using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry. Different mineralization patterns in the glenohumeral joint have been explained by the principle of physiologic incongruence. We sought to support this explanation by measurement of mineralization, radii, and cartilage thickness in 18 fresh shoulder specimens. We found three mineralization patterns: bicentric, monocentric anterior, and monocentric central. Mean radii of the glenoids were 27.4 mm for bicentric glenoids, 27.3 mm for monocentric anterior, and 24.8 mm for monocentric central glenoids. Cartilage thickness measurement revealed the highest values in anterior parts; the thinnest cartilage was found centrally. Our findings support the principle of a physiologic incongruence in the glenohumeral joint. Bicentric mineralization patterns exist in joints consisting of more flat glenoids compared to the corresponding humeral head. Monocentric distribution with a central maximum was found in specimens with glenoids being more curved, indicating higher degrees of congruence, which might represent an early stage of degenerative disease. The obtained information might also be important for implant fixation in resurfacing procedures or to achieve the best possible fit of an osteochondral allograft in the repair of cartilage defects.