Degree In Men Research Articles

Public Law and Accountability of Government

“But it was inherent in the very nature of the medium which they had selected for their own self-defence that it could not be reserved for the exclusive use only of their own class. The law, in its forms and traditions, entailed principles of equity and universality which, perforce, had to be extended to all. sorts and degrees of men”.2

Effects of pregnancy, oral contraception, and binephrectomy, on human plasma "prorenin" and its activator(s).

We compared two temperatures for cryoactivation, -4 degrees and 4 degrees C, in subjects representing high and low renin states. The colder temperature was universally more effective for activating prorenin, but not to the same degree in men and women, in all physiological states. At 4 degrees, for short intervals, false negatives are more likely to be obtained, especially in women and anephrics. We confirmed higher plasma renin activities (PRA) in women on oral contraceptive medication (pill), and in the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The highest prorenin component was in the 1st trimester, the lowest in anephric subjects (2NX, about 28% of normal). Prorenin as percent of total renin was relatively constant in healthy men, women (no pill), women (pill), and women, 1st trimester. In the 3rd trimester, this percentage dropped, p less than 0.025; in anephric men and women, it rose (N.S.), suggesting highest prorenin convertase activity exists in the 3rd trimester, lowest activity in 2NX. This was confirmed by adding Trasylol during cryoactivation at -4 degrees C, and noting least, and greatest inhibition of prorenin activation, respectively. The effectiveness of trypsin relative to cold activation rises as the proportion of 2NX plasma increases in a mixture with normal plasma. The 2NX plasma lacks both prorenin, and its convertase. Trypsin can substitute for part of the convertase, and is therefore more effective than cold, which is rate-limited by convertase deficiency. Thus, the choice between trypsin and cold depends, in part, on whether only prorenin, or also its convertase, is being evaluated. Systemic convertase appears to be a dynamic physiological variable influencing renin production from prorenin, and is conditioned by the presence of healthy kidneys, and by sex hormones.

Man's Impact on the Natural Environment of Peninsular Malaysia: Some Problems and Human Consequences

Malaysia is one of the world's most successful ‘developing’ countries. As such it provides some excellent examples of rapidly changing man–environment relationships of a type that are soon to be expected in many other Third World nations.The examples selected for this paper have been chosen to show both the degree of Man's impact on the natural environment of Peninsular Malaysia and also the changing relationships between Man and his environment. These two themes are inextricably related. The case-studies used illustrate these themes on different areal scales.The impact of oil spillage from grounded supertankers using the Straits of Malacca and Singapore illustrates the international implications of a potentially widespread ecological disaster. The need for international control is stressed. In Malaysia, effluent from palm-oil processing mills is becoming an increasingly serious water-pollution problem in many of the Peninsula's rivers. Although the effects may be confined to individual drainage-basins, the results can be catastrophic to both aquatic and marine ecosystems and to the people who obtain their livelihood from them.Land development and forest clearance have resulted in the opening up of vast areas to new rural settlements, a process paralleled by rapid urbanization. The third case-study considers Man's changing relationship to his disease environment in both rural and urban areas from the point of view of man–mosquito relationships. Finally, as a local problem, the Batu Caves situation is taken to illustrate conflicting resource demands for a unique limestone habitat. The impact of industrial pollution on the local population is emphasized.These problems are finally considered from the point of view of the quality of life and human welfare in developing countries. It is argued that raising levels of human welfare through development without giving due consideration to environmental impact may be a self-defeating process. Local issues probably make the individual aware of this paradox. Perhaps only when the cumulative environmental and individual impact of human activities is appreciated at local, regional, and national, scales will effective legislative controls be introduced.

Žmogiškosios kūrybos esminės sąlygos

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami metodologiniai klausimai, susiję su žmogiškosios kūrybos esminėmis sąlygomis. Mąstymo istorijoje šios sąlygos pirmą kartą atskleistos marksizmo-leninizmo klasikų veikaluose. Žmogiškoji kūrybinė veikla yra galima tik esant laisvei nuo fizinių poreikių. Šią laisvę įgalina dvi sąlygos: įveiktas ribotas žmonių santykiavimas su gamta – gamtos įvaldymas, viešpatavimas gamtai; įveiktas ribotas žmonių tarpusavio santykiavimas, kuris sutampa su prekinių-piniginių santykių panaikinimu, žmogaus viešpatavimu sau, laisve visuomeninės būties atžvilgiu, savo būties racionaliu tvarkymu, savęs paties pažinimu, supratimu. Gamtos įveikimas yra tik būtina sąlyga, kad žmogus galėtų viešpatauti ir sau pačiam. Minėtų aplinkybių (gamtos ir visuomenės) sužmoginimas rodo, kad kiekvienas visuomenės narys gali veikti laisvai, nepriklausomai nuo betarpiško fizinio poreikio, t. y. veikti žmogiškai, kūrybiškai.

Some Problems in Applying Mathematical Methods to Economics, and the Political Economy of Socialism

Apart from the essential difference in socioeconomic relations, the socialist mode of production is distinguished from capitalism in still one other important aspect. This distinction is that under socialism the objective laws are realized consciously within the framework of society as a whole. Productive forces and productive relations are under the control of men and are consciously developed and improved by them. The transition from capitalism to communism was visualized by Engels as a leap from the realm of blind necessity to the realm of freedom, with freedom conceived of as comprehended necessity, as man's domination over social production and his economic relations. The degree of men's freedom under socialism depends entirely on the depth of understanding and conscious realization of objective economic laws. Even under socialism, necessity that is not understood remains blind necessity and does not provide a normal course of growth of social production, exchange, and distribution.

MORTALITY IN RELATION TO SMOKING: TEN YEARS' OBSERVATIONS OF BRITISH DOCTORS.

The mortality of nearly 41000 medically qualified men and women in the United Kingdom has been observed for twelve years. During the first 10 years 4597 of the men and 366 of the women died. These deaths have been analyzed in relation to the smoking habits reported by doctors in reply to a questionnaire dispatched to them in 1951 (both sexes) and again in 1957 and 1960. An association with smoking is found in differing degrees in men for seven causes of death and no association was found with the remaining 61% of the death rate and this includes such major causes as other forms of cancer cerebrovascular accidents hypertension myocardial degeneration suicide and accident. A linear rise of death rate was observed from nonsmoker to light medium and heavy smokers which indicates that there is no smoking threshold which must be reached before the death rate from cancer of the lung shows a response. The death rate continues to fall step by step the longer smoking has been given up. Whether smoking acts synergistically with air pollution upon the respiratory tract is not known. Some suggest a reasonable conclusion that cigarette smoking is one of the more important etiological factors in chronic bronchitis in Great Britain and relying on clinical evidence it could be said that possibly chronic bronchitis itself plays a part in producing cancer of the lung. Tobacco and alcohol play some part in the production of cancers of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Excess mortality due to coronary disease without hypertension is limited to cigarette smokers which is marked at under age 55 but disappears at over age 75. Evidence supports the claim that cigarette smoking is one of the causes of coronary thrombosis under age 75. Continued smoking may prevent or delay the healing of a chronic gastric ulcer and thereby it may increase the mortality rate. Mortality from alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver is specially high in heavy smokers. There appears to be no cause of mortality which is lessened by smoking.

MORTALITY IN RELATION TO SMOKING: TEN YEARS' OBSERVATIONS OF BRITISH DOCTORS.

The mortality of nearly 41000 medically qualified men and women in the United Kingdom has been observed for twelve years. During the first 10 years 4597 of the men and 366 of the women died. These deaths have been analyzed in relation to the smoking habits reported by doctors in reply to a questionnaire dispatched to them in 1951 (both sexes) and again in 1957 and 1960. An association with smoking is found in differing degrees in men for seven causes of death and no association was found with the remaining 61% of the death rate and this includes such major causes as other forms of cancer cerebrovascular accidents hypertension myocardial degeneration suicide and accident. A linear rise of death rate was observed from nonsmoker to light medium and heavy smokers which indicates that there is no smoking threshold which must be reached before the death rate from cancer of the lung shows a response. The death rate continues to fall step by step the longer smoking has been given up. Whether smoking acts synergistically with air pollution upon the respiratory tract is not known. Some suggest a reasonable conclusion that cigarette smoking is one of the more important etiological factors in chronic bronchitis in Great Britain and relying on clinical evidence it could be said that possibly chronic bronchitis itself plays a part in producing cancer of the lung. Tobacco and alcohol play some part in the production of cancers of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Excess mortality due to coronary disease without hypertension is limited to cigarette smokers which is marked at under age 55 but disappears at over age 75. Evidence supports the claim that cigarette smoking is one of the causes of coronary thrombosis under age 75. Continued smoking may prevent or delay the healing of a chronic gastric ulcer and thereby it may increase the mortality rate. Mortality from alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver is specially high in heavy smokers. There appears to be no cause of mortality which is lessened by smoking.

Earliest Man

MR. J. REID Mora, with an admirable sense of propriety, took as the text of his Huxley Memorial Lecture for 1939 before the Imperial College of Science and Technology on May 4 certain questions posed by T. H. Huxley in his famous book “Man's Place in Nature”. There Huxley asked: “Where, then, must we look for primeval man? Was the oldest Homo sapiens Pliocene or Miocene, or yet more ancient?” Readers of Mr. Reid Moir's lecture in its published form (“The Earliest Men”. By J. Reid Moir. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd. Pp. 32. Is. net) will appreciate the choice as lecturer on this occasion of an investigator of man's origins, who through his association with Edwin Ray Lankester is directly linked with Huxley, and also by his own researches has contributed so much of the material which must be taken into account by everyone who ponders the problems thus formulated by Huxley so long ago. The evidence of man's skeletal remains, as well as of his artefacts, which has been laboriously collected, pieced together and interpreted by numerous investigators since Huxley's day, ably summarized and surveyed by Mr. Reid Moir, may seem formidable enough in its detailed mass, but it is still far from offering a final solution of man's origins. Nevertheless it makes it possible to adumbrate a generalized formula, from which it may be that a concrete answer eventually will emerge. If in the meantime Mr. Reid Moir's technological and aesthetic arguments may seem a little overweighted in the period and degree of man's development they demand, and his credence in Miocene man a thought too readily conceded, none can deny that in his life work he has abundantly shown faith in that of which his powers of observation and reason have convinced him-the belief in the power of truth ultimately to prevail, which Huxley urged upon the youth of his time.