Degradation Of Pollutants Research Articles

Revisiting the persulfate activation performance of seaweed derivied biochars: The composition and origin of pollutant degradation activity

A steady increase in seaweed production necessitates effective strategies to manage its post-production waste and its assosicated CO2 emission. Biochar formation stand out as a promising option, offering significant advantage for persulfate-activated water remediation processes. Herein, we investigated and compared the performance of two seaweed-derived biochars, focusing on their physical characteristics, heteroatoms, and chemical composition in activating persulfate (PS). Although, both seaweeds (Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) and Undaria pinnatifida (SW)) that studied are edible, they exhibit unique catalytic behavior in the degradation of simazine (SMZ). The differences in simazine degradation activity observed in these biochars were primarily attributed to the description of metal active sites rather than the complex composition and specific surface area of the biochars. The identification of these active sites was achieved through various physical characterization tools (XRD, XPS, BET) and by examining the adsorption models and degradation patterns of simazine under different conditions. Our results demonstrate that the biochar derived from CF (100% removal) seaweed having metal active centres is more catalytic than SW (58.4% removal) derived biochar. ROS quantification and electrochemical studies suggest that simazine degradation occurs through different mechanisms in these biochars. Therefore, the CF-derived biochar catalytic system was optimized for simazine oxidation, with studies focusing on its degradation pathway, intermediate toxicity, and catalytic stability. This comprehensive study outlines the significance of selection of seaweed biomass for optimal activity in the persulfate-based oxidative system.

Tuning interfacial charge transfer for efficient photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride over Ti3C2/Bi12O17Cl2 Schottky heterojunction and theoretical calculations

In the ecological environment, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) is one of the excessive antibiotics from water, which has watched the eye of researchers. Developing a high-performance photocatalyst to address this phenomenon still faces a big challenge. Herein, we describe a straightforward chemical procedure in-situ self-assembly via one-step solvothermal process to create a new two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) Ti3C2/Bi12O17Cl2 heterojunctions. The heterojunction at the interface with a strong chemical interaction between Ti3C2 and Bi12O17Cl2 is well revealed by the serial characterizations and theoretical calculations. The superior photocatalytic activity of Ti3C2/Bi12O17Cl2 is attributed to its low recombination rate of electrons and holes, photothermal effect, high electron transfer during reactions and high photochemical current. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism over Ti3C2/Bi12O17Cl2 is also provided. This work provides an intriguing strategy for the construction of superior photocatalysts for pollutant degradation using MXene as co-catalysts.

Peroxymonosulfate-based electrochemical advanced oxidation for pollutant degradation: Roles of Co-phase regulation and electro-induced polarized particle electrodes

Peroxymonosulfate-based electrochemical advanced oxidation for pollutant degradation: Roles of Co-phase regulation and electro-induced polarized particle electrodes

Enhanced Photocatalysis via Inverse Opal Structures: Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2/ZnO and ZnO/TiO2 Composites Using Plasma-Enhanced ALD

Inverse opals (IO) based functional materials show potential in photocatalysis due to their unique light interaction properties. This study presents a low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) method for synthesizing TiO2, ZnO, and composite IOs using a polystyrene nanoparticle-based opal template. We comprehensively characterized the obtained materials using SEM-EDX, TSEM, TG, FTIR, XRD, Raman, ellipsometry, photoluminescence (PL), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. SEM analysis confirmed the successful formation of PEALD IOs with a periodically ordered structure, enabling conformal coating while preserving their original architecture. XRD and Raman analysis also confirmed that the IOs consisted of anatase for TiO2 and hexagonal wurtzite for ZnO. UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy revealed strong UV absorption and modified photonic bandgaps (PBGs) for all materials. The bare and composite IOs exhibited PBGs in the visible region, suggesting that the arising "slow photon" effect might enhance photocatalysis. This study explored the photocatalytic degradation of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) and Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) using pristine and composite IO photocatalysts under UV and visible light irradiation. Pristine TiO2 and ZnO IOs demonstrated superior performance for 4-NP degradation under UV light. This can be attributed to two key factors: their highly ordered macroporous structure (with a large surface area for efficient dye adsorption, and their band gaps (3.0 eV for TiO2 and 3.2 eV for ZnO) that enable strong absorption of UV light photons for effective pollutant degradation. Conversely, composite IOs (TiO2/ZnO and ZnO/TiO2) displayed higher activity for both test molecules under visible light due to a synergistic effect between bandgap harmonization and the PBG effect.

Novel S-scheme WO3/ZnO-modified g-C3N4 heterojunction for optimizing norfloxacin photodegradation condition via DoE: Synthesis, characterization, and mechanism evaluation

Norfloxacin, an antimicrobial agent, has been recurrently observed in municipal wastewater facilities, posing a conjectured threat to human health and environmental integrity. Herein, novel ternary heterojunction of WO3/ZnO-modified g-C3N4 was fabricated utilizing the impregnation technique for the organic pollutant degradation, presenting a significant challenge. XRD, XPS, TEM, HR-TEM, SEM, EDS, BET, EIS, Mott-Schottky, ESR, PL, photocurrent, and DRS techniques were used to explore the structural, morphological, textural, and optical features of the produced materials. In this ternary system, ZnO served as an electron transfer conduit, facilitating the formation of a heterojunction interface between the semiconductor constituents. Establishment of the S-scheme within the charge transfer dynamics of the heterojunction markedly augmented charge separation, enhancing the efficacy of the photocatalytic activity. Under optimized conditions via the DoE software (i.e.; photocatalyst dosage: 0.54 g/L, NOR concentration: 25.87 mg/L, Irradiation time: 41.71 min and pH: 6.9), 97.19 % of NOR elimination was achieved by the optimized 20-WZC photocatalyst with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model (k = 0.05 min−1). ESR data, alongside quenching experiments, corroborated the pivotal involvement of O2−, OH, and h+ in the NOR degradation mechanism. The investigation of NOR's potential decontamination pathways was performed using HRLC-MS. TOC analysis revealed a significant mineralization of 82.45 %, indicating the conversion of NOR into H2O, CO2, and other degradable substances. The optimized photocatalyst also demonstrated notable efficiency in the degradation of Tetracycline: 98.15 %, Ciprofloxacin: 93.27 %, Methylene Blue: 98.89 %, and Enrofloxacin: 91.54 % pollutants. The photocatalytic activity of the 20-WZC catalyst remained consistently high, without significant reduction, over five successive cycles.

Photochemistry of microplastics-derived dissolved organic matter: Reactive species generation and organic pollutant degradation

Photochemistry of microplastics-derived dissolved organic matter: Reactive species generation and organic pollutant degradation

Insight into interactive synergy of MoS2@CoNC for peroxymonosulfate activation: From bath experiments to continuous flow experiments

As catalysts for peroxymomosulfate (PMS) activation, several carbon materials derived from MOFs have gained considerable attention. Despite this, Fenton-like reactions have always been limited by cycle efficiency of metal’s valence state. In this study, a novel catalyst (MoS2@CoNC), Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) modified CoNC (derived from ZIF-67), was successfully synthesized. Catalytic experiments indicated that the carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation efficiency could be enhanced in the MoS2@CoNC-PMS process. Moreover, PMS decomposition also exhibited outstanding performance compared with other processes. Various quenching experiments and ESR analyses indicated that CBZ degradation is mainly caused by nonradical oxidation (86.10 %). In addition, Density Functional Theory (DFT), in-situ Raman, and in-situ FTIR were employed to elucidate PMS activation mechanism. The generation pathways of singlet oxygen (1O2), cobalt-oxo species (CoVI = O), and electron transfer were systematically elaborated. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis identified unsaturated S as a significant factor contributing to MoS2@CoNC stability. Further investigation into CBZ degradation was conducted using DFT and LC-MS. The toxicity of intermediates was also assessed through TEST and bean sprout cultivation. Additionally, a continuous flow experiment is performed to evaluate the practical application of MoS2@CoNC-PMS. After 10 h, CBZ removal efficiency is approximately maintained at 90 %. Water matrix effects and multi-pollutant degradation also determined that the MoS2@CoNC-PMS process is a promising method for pollutants degradation.

Impact of Cathodic Scaling on Electrocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Impact of Cathodic Scaling on Electrocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin HCl using Visible Active BiOS Photocatalyst and Artificial radiation

Ciprofloxacin, a potent biologically active substance, has caused significant environmental issues when present in natural waters. The current study aimed to investigate the visible lightinduced degradation of ciprofloxacin HCl (CFX) using bismuth oxysulfide (BiOS) as a photocatalyst. A new photocatalyst BiOS has been developed and tested for the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using artificial radiation. Specifically, this novel material was examined for its ability to degrade ciprofloxacin HCl (CFX). A nanocomposite of BiOS photocatalyst has been synthesized utilizing the sol-gel method and subsequently characterized using UV-DRS, SEM, and EDAX techniques. A tungsten lamp was utilized to simulate artificial radiation during the PCD of CFX. Based on studies on the ideal operating conditions for the BiOS photocatalyst, the maximum rate of photocatalytic degradation (PCD) was reached at a neutral pH of 7. When compared to a saltfree environment, the rate of PCD was observed to be increased by anionic salts (NaCl, Na2CO3, and (NH4)2SO4). The Cland CO3- ions have notably increased the rate of PCD than SO4- ions. According to Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic modeling, the PCD of CFX exhibits a pseudo-first-order reaction behavior. Therefore, it can be said that BiOS is a suitable photocatalyst for treating wastewater from pharmaceutical plants.

Impact of tetracycline on mixotrophic denitrification process under different sulfur to nitrogen ratios

The sulfur-based autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification, i.e., mixotrophic denitrification, is suitable for the nitrate and antibiotics removal in aquaculture tailwater at a low COD to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. This study focused on the effect of tetracycline (TC) on mixotrophic denitrification under different S/N ratios. Two bioreactors were simultaneously operated with or without dosing tetracycline under different sulfur to nitrogen (S/N) ratios of 3.94, 4.64 and 5.94. The results showed that the removal rate of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) increased from 0.25 to 0.69 mg N L−1 min−1 with the rise of S/N ratio, while TC dosage significantly declined the removal efficiency of TIN. Dissimilatory nitrogen reduction to ammonia (DNRA) bacteria was detected when exposing to TC, indicating that DNRA presented more resistance to TC. The removal efficiency of TC in the denitrification system reached the maximum of 22.87 % at S/N of 4.64. Meanwhile the genus Marinicella was detected at this phase, which was conducive to the degradation of organic pollutants. This study found that TC promoted the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen, and had a great effect on sulfur autotrophic bacteria at S/N of 5.94. The removal of TC mainly depended on microbial co-metabolism, and there was a significant correlation between the reduction of TC concentration and the decrease of sulfur compounds (p < 0.05). 4.64 is the best S/N ratio for the mixotrophic denitrification process, which revealed maximum nitrate and TC removal rates.

Unique role of Mn(II) in enhancing electro-oxidation of organic pollutants on anodes with low oxygen evolution potential at low current density

This study systematically explored the role of Mn(II) in the removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by electro-oxidation (EO) employing anodes with low oxygen evolution potential (OEP), i.e., Ti/RuO2-IrO2, Ti/Pt, and Ti/Ti4O7, as well as anodes with high OEP, namely, Ti/PbO2, Ti/SnO2, and boron-doped diamond (Si/BDD). Mn(II) significantly promoted 4-CP removal on the anodes with low OEP at fairly low current density (0.04 to 1 mA/cm2), but had minimal to negative impact on those with high OEP. Cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectra revealed that Mn(II) was oxidized to Mn(III), then to Mn(IV) on the anodes with low OEP, whereas its was oxidized directly to Mn(IV) on those with high OEP. Deposition of manganese oxide on the anodes with low OEP suppressed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in EO process, but enhanced OER on those with high OEP. Quenching and spectral results consistently indicated that Mn(III) and Mn(IV) were the primary species responsible for enhancing 4-CP removal on the anodes with low OEP. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the redox transformation of Mn(II) in EO and the theoretical basis for a novel strategy to boost pollutant degradation in EO systems using low OEP anodes through coupling with the redox chemistry of manganese.

Engineering Ag-Modified BiOCl as an Efficient and Effective Catalyst for Solar Light-Driven Organic Pollutant Degradation and Hydrogen Production.

The direct conversion of solar energy into clean fuels has emerged as an effective approach for future energy production and addressing environmental challenges. This research focuses on the synthesis of BiOCl using a straightforward hydrothermal method with Ag modification achieved through green synthesis. These materials were applied to enhance photocatalytic processes and hydrogen (H2) evolution. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized photocatalysts was performed by using techniques, such as XRD, SEM, BET, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The Ag/BiOCl composite demonstrated impressive photocatalytic performance, achieving degradation rates of 96% for RhB, 87.7% for TC, and 85% for HQ under 18 min of solar irradiation. Additionally, a high mineralization rate of 92% was observed through Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis. Furthermore, the Ag/BiOCl composite exhibited a significant H2 evolution rate of 565 μmol g-1 h-1, which is nearly double that of pure BiOCl. The interaction between Ag and BiOCl was found to enhance the generation of O2- radicals, as confirmed by radical trapping experiments, with the underlying mechanism elucidated using LC-HRMS. The nanoparticles also demonstrated excellent degradation of industrial waste, highlighting the potential of Ag/BiOCl for use in the purification and sterilization of industrial effluents.

Natural Vanadium–Titanium Magnetite Activated Peroxydisulfate and Peroxymonosulfate for Acid Orange II Degradation: Different Activation Mechanisms and Influencing Factors

Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes have emerged as a promising approach for the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environments due to their ability to generate sulfate radicals (SO4−·) within catalytic systems. In this study, peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated with the natural vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) as the activator for the degradation of acid orange II. The degradation efficiency increased with higher dosages of VTM or persulfate (both PDS and PMS) at lower concentrations (below 10 mM). However, excessive PMS (higher than 10 mM) in the PMS/VTM system led to the self-consumption of free radicals, significantly inhibiting the degradation of acid orange II. The VTM-activated PDS or PMS maintained an effective degradation of acid orange II in a wide pH range (3~11), suggesting remarkable pH stability. The SO4−· was the main active species in the PDS/VTM system, while hydroxyl radical (·OH) also contributed significantly to the PMS/VTM system. In addition, PMS exhibited better thermal stability during VTM activation. Coexisting ions in an aqueous environment such as bicarbonate (HCO3–), carbonate (CO32–), and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42–) had obvious effects on persulfate activation. Our study systematically investigated the different activation processes and influencing factors associated with PDS and PMS when the natural VTM was used as a catalyst, thereby providing new insights into the persulfate-mediated degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous environments.

Kinetic Insights into Solar-Assisted Fabrication and Photocatalytic Performance of CoWO4/NCW Heterostructure

This work studies the kinetic model for the solar-driven fabrication of CoWO4/NCW heterostructure photocatalysts and investigates their enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity. The synthesis of CoWO4/NCW, its characterization, and the kinetic aspects of photocatalytic degradation under solar light. New nanocomposite prepared from Nano cellulose (NCW) by hydrolysis cotton waste (CW) by nitric acid and cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) prepared from sodium tungstate and cobalt chloride by wet chemical method and characterized through XRD, FTIR, EDX, and FE-SEM analyses. The composite's performance in organic oxidation from refinery wastewater (RWW) was evaluated under solar light. The high removal ratio was 97.4% for organic pollutants (OP) in refinery wastewater. The results indicate that the heterostructure exhibits improved photocatalytic performance compared to individual components, which kinetics model was the best to represent the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from oily wastewater over the heterostructure CoWO4/NCW catalyst. Add future applications of this finding in the relevant industries. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Promotion of Single-Electron Transfer by Low-Coordinated Co Single Atoms to Facilitate Advanced Oxidation Processes in Wastewater Treatment.

Heterogeneous catalysts are fascinating for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment to reduce cost, metal contamination, and pH operation limitations. However, they usually encounter low catalytic efficiency because of the difficult single-electron-transfer (SET) pathway during AOPs. Herein, an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for AOPs is realized through the rational regulation of N coordination around Co single-atom (SA) centers in favor of SET. As guided by calculations, low N coordination enables a high density of electronic states at the Fermi energy level of SA Co to facilitate SET activation of peroxomonosulfate (PMS). A special oxide-compounding method is further applied to decrease the N coordination of SA Co on the carbon carriers from common Co1-N3/4 to the desired Co1-N2. Co1-N2 shows a delightful activity for AOP degradation of various organic pollutants with kinetic rate and turnover frequency values up to 0.862 min-1 and 389 h-1, respectively, greatly outperforming those of Co1-N3/4. It is also superior in a wide pH operation range and has strong resistance to environmental disturbances. Detailed mechanistic investigations confirm the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) instead of common radical O species from the SET between PMS and Co1-N2, corroborating the calculated results and accounting for the enhanced AOP activity.

AI-driven monitoring systems for bioremediation: real-time data analysis and predictive modelling

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming the field of bioremediation by enabling real-time monitoring and optimization of environmental cleanup processes. This paper explores the integration of AI-driven monitoring systems with bioremediation techniques, focusing on how real-time data analysis and predictive modelling can enhance the effectiveness of pollutant degradation. These AI systems continuously collect data from contaminated sites, such as soil and water, and analyse variables like microbial activity, pollutant concentration, and environmental conditions. By processing this data, AI models can optimize the bioremediation environment, adjusting factors such as pH, temperature, and nutrient levels to maximize microbial efficiency. Predictive modelling plays a crucial role in forecasting remediation outcomes, allowing for proactive adjustments to improve the speed and success of the process. The study also highlights the potential of AI in reducing operational costs by automating data collection and analysis, minimizing the need for manual intervention. Furthermore, it discusses challenges related to data quality, system integration, and the scalability of AI applications in real-world bioremediation projects. By leveraging AI's capability to provide real-time insights and predictive analytics, this research demonstrates its potential to significantly enhance the precision and sustainability of bioremediation efforts, paving the way for smarter environmental management.

Efficient Degradation of Methyl Violet 10B Dye by Different Light Sources using Boron-doped TiO2-ZnO Photocatalyst

Boron-doped TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by sonochemically using boron trichloride, tetra n-butyl orthotitanate and zinc acetate in appropriate proportion. The as-prepared nanocomposite was successfully characterized by XRD, EDX, SEM and BET techniques The operational factors that affect the rate of photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet 10B present in wastewater were optimized, which include initial dye concentration, catalyst amount, pH level and different light intensities such as incandescent light bulb, UV lamp and sunlight. During sonication under sunlight, it was found that the most effective removal rate achieved was 95% when using 0.02 g of B doped TiO2-ZnO per 100 mL of methyl violet 10B solution. The impact of different dye concentrations on the photocatalytic degradation demonstrated the threshold at which concentrations may be readily eliminated. The most effective pollutant degradation was achieved at 5 ppm. The introduction of oxygen using sonophotocatalysis process into the polluted stream enhanced the photocatalytic breakdown of the pollutants. The photocatalyst can be recycled for four cycles without loss the catalyst stability and the degradation rate obeys first-order kinetics.

A novel bi-level optimal strategy-assisted design boosting discovery of specific surface area of perovskite oxide for effective photocatalysis

Due to the inherent property of materials, photocatalysis plays a crucial role in diverse applications, such as the degradation of organic pollutants, fuel production, and nitrogen fixation. Perovskites, in particular, are remarkable for their high light absorption rate and energy conversion efficiency within the visible light range, thereby positioning them as promising photocatalysts. Given that specific surface area (SSA) is a critical metric for evaluating photocatalytic performance, accurately and quickly predicting the SSA of perovskites has emerged as a key area of technical research. Therefore, it is essential to explore the relationship between potential materials descriptors and SSA, which can significantly expedite the discovery of photocatalyzed perovskite materials with high SSA. In this study, we proposed a bi-level optimization method that combines descriptors identified strategy and model optimization strategy for predicting the SSA of unknown perovskite candidates, thereby elucidating the relationship between material features and SSA. Initially, at the upper level, the Gradient Boosting Regression combined with Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE-GBR) method was employed to identify crucial features that are closely correlated with the SSA of photocatalyzed perovskites. Subsequently, the Sure Independence Screening.Sparsifying Operator (SISSO) was utilized to develop new descriptors that exhibited strong correlations with SSA. Based on refined descriptors identifiied at the upper level, at the lower level, the optimal model strategy was obtained by Improved Osprey Optimization Algorithm (IOOA) using golden sine strategy and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) regression to tune the key parameters of GBR for optimizing SSA. The optimal designing method achieved remarkable predictive performance with R2 (R-squared) score of 0.90 and MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 3.97 m2/g, along with 5-fold cross-validation. Then this method was applied to predict the SSA of 300 unidentified ABO3 perovskites. Comparison with experimental data revealed that our approach significantly accelerated the development of perovskite materials with superior photocatalytic properties, showing the potential of our model in advancing the field of photocatalysis.

Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency in C3N4 via particle and surface engineering of Graphene quantum dots

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been employed to enhance the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride (C3N4), leveraging their superior physicochemical characteristics. The photovoltaic attributes of GQDs, influenced by their particle sizes and surface states, are contingent upon their synthesis methods. This research focused on the synthesis of GQDs with diverse particle sizes and surface features by modifying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using HNO3. The findings indicate that prolonging the reaction time decreases the size of GQD particles and augments the presence of surface functional groups. Upon forming heterojunctions with C3N4, the GQDs-96/HC3N4 composite showcased superior photocatalytic degradation performance towards tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and methyl orange (MO). This enhancement is attributed to the improved dispersibility and oxygen-containing functional groups of GQDs-96, facilitating effective interaction with HC3N4. This research provides a new guideline and idea for regulating the particle size and surface state of GQDs for their application in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of C3N4 for the degradation of water pollutants.

Enhancing Organic Pollutant Degradation Efficiency through a Photocatalysis-Electro-Fenton System via MoS2 Crystal Morphology Regulation.

A photocatalysis-electro-Fenton (PEF) system was constructed via molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to remove tetracycline (TC) without an external oxidant supply and solution pH adjustment. In the system, original graphite felt (GF) was used as a cathode, from which H2O2 was in situ generated continuously under power. MoS2 was motivated by visible light to facilitate the cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+, enhancing the Fenton process to produce •OH. The experimental results showed that the system can increase the degradation rate of pollutants by more than 5 times. Moreover, the quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests demonstrated that •OH was the dominant active species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization, Mo concentration, and cycle experiments proved the excellent catalytic activity and chemical stability of MoS2. It is worth mentioning that the photocatalytic performances of different morphologies of MoS2 (flower, flake, and radar) were compared. As a result, flower-like MoS2 exhibited a much superior photoresponse than flake and radar, which could accelerate the Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle further effectively. These findings highlight the morphology-performance relationship of MoS2 under a PEF system and the mechanisms of contaminant degradation, which is of great significance for developing photoelectric Fenton technology.