Degradation Of Ibuprofen Research Articles

Studies on the Application of PGM Nanocatalysts from Spent Automotive Converters for Degradation of Ibuprofen in Aqueous Solutions.

There is an increasing concern about the presence of various types of pharmaceuticals in drinking water, as long-term exposure of people to even low concentrations of drugs can lead to many problems, such as endocrine disorders or drug resistance. As the removal in sewage treatment plants is not effective enough, as indicated, among others, by the EC and OECD reports, it is justified to search for new materials that will allow for an effective and rapid reduction of these pollutants in water. Therefore, in our work, catalytically active nanomaterials containing platinum group metals (PGMs) were synthesized from model and real multicomponent solutions and examined in reactions of organic compounds. The nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained from real solutions from the hydrometallurgical processing of spent automotive converters (SACs), and to the best of our knowledge, the novelty of the proposed paper is the application of solutions from SAC processing as precursors for PGM-NPs. The synthesized PGM-NPs were deposited on a support (TiO2), characterized and, finally, examined as nanocatalysts in a degradation reaction of ibuprofen (IB) from model aqueous solutions. The degree of IB degradation reached more than 90%. The main products of IB degradation were p-isobutylphenol and CO2.

Synergies of Mn modified Fe-based MOF enhanced catalytic ozonation: charge transfer and multiple sites mechanism

The conjoint improvement of catalytic ozonation activity and stability for MOFs materials has always been an urgent challenge. Metal doping offers a viable approach to inspire the interaction between active components and O3 due to the optimization of electronic structure and introduction of surface-active sites. In this work, 88A-Mn catalyst derived from MIL-88A was prepared by loading Mn to MIL-88A with a simple pyrolysis method. The structure and physical characterizations confirmed the coexistence of Fe and Mn in the catalyst. The 88A1-Mn1-350 exhibited the efficient degradation of ibuprofen in catalytic ozonation system, with its degradation rate showing 3.6 times and 2.6 times higher than those of the O3 system and the 88A-T/O3 system, respectively. Mechanism analysis indicated the synergistic effect among Fe/Mn interaction, surface hydroxyl group, and O-C=O group promoted the continuous generation of ROS, including ·OH and ·O2-. Specifically, the regeneration of Fe2+ derived from the Mn doping contributed to the recovery of catalytic activity and played an indispensable role in maintaining high efficiency. In addition, 88A1-Mn1-350 possessed outstanding stability in a wide range of pH (3-11) and the coexistence of anions. It also exhibited the superiority compared with traditional catalysts. This finding provides a feasible modification approach to enhance the property of MOFs materials, and achieves the efficient remove of refractory organics in catalytic ozonation system.

Novel 3D MIL-53(Fe)/graphene aerogel composites for boosted photocatalytic ibuprofen degradation under visible light: Process and mechanism

A highly efficiency process is urgently needed to remove the active pharmaceuticals contamination of water pollution. Herein, 3D MIL-53(Fe)/graphene aerogel (GMA) composites were designed to photodegrade ibuprofen (IBP) in the presence of persulfate (PS). The GMA composites exhibited high-speed electron-hole pairs transfer efficiency, higher specific surface area, excellent IBP degradation ability and easily recycling. The optimizing GMA-1 composite displayed a significant enhanced IBP photodegradation efficiency, in which the IBP degradation efficiency over GMA-1 reached closed to 100% within 60 min under visible light irradiation in the presence of PS. The effect of some vital anions were investigated. Furthermore, SO4·−, ·OH and ·O2− were identified as the main reactive species during the degradation of IBP. The photolytic degradation pathways of IBP and ecotoxicities of the intermediate products were also analyzed. This study may provide an alternative way for effectively removing IBP by 3D metal organic frameworks/graphene aerogel materials.

Physiological responses on the reproductive, metabolism and stress endpoints of Astyanax lacustris females (Teleostei: Characiformes) after diclofenac and ibuprofen exposure

Diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU) are pharmaceutical compounds frequently detected in aquatic compartments worldwide. Several hazard effects including developmental abnormalities and redox balance impairment have been elucidated in aquatic species, but multiple endocrine evaluations are scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the disruptive physiological effects and toxicity of DCF and IBU isolated and combined, using females of the native freshwater teleost Astyanax lacustris. In regards to NSAIDs bioavailability, the results showed absence of degradation of IBU and DCF after 7 days of exposure. IBU LC50 for A. lacustris was 137 mgL−1 and females exposed to IBU isolated increased thyroxine (T4) concentration at 24 h and decreased after 96 h; DCF exposure decreased triiodothyronine (T3) concentration at 96 h. Circulating levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), cortisol (F) and testosterone (T) were not affected by any treatment. HPG and HPI axis genes fshβ, pomc and vtg were upregulated after 24 h of IBU exposure, and dio2 was downregulated in DCF fish exposed group after 96 h compared to the mixture. Protein concentration was reduced in muscle and increased in the liver by DCF and mixtures exposures at 24 h; while liver lipids were increased in the mixture groups after 96 h. The study point out the capacity of NSAIDs to affect endocrine endpoints in A. lacustris females and induce changes in energetic substrate content after acute exposure to isolated and mixed NSAIDs treatments. Lastly, the present investigation brings new insights into the toxicity and endocrine disruptive activity of NSAIDs in Latin America teleost species and the aquatic environment.

Nb2O5/MWCNT nanocomposites for the degradation of ibuprofen via photocatalysis and catalytic ozonation

Growing concerns regarding the inefficient degradation of persistent pollutants, such as ibuprofen, in water necessitate the development of advanced treatment methods. Nb2O5, with its properties resembling those of TiO2, emerges as a promising alternative catalyst for advanced catalytic treatments. In this work, we demonstrate the exceptional catalytic ozonation and photocatalysis performance of Nb2O5/MWCNT nanocomposites synthesized via three sol-gel methods. These composites achieve complete ibuprofen degradation within 30 min, outperforming conventional catalysts and ozonation alone due to their enhanced surface area and synergistic interactions. Nb2O5/MWCNT presents a compelling solution, offering an efficient and sustainable approach to water purification.

Decomposition of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by activated sludge supported by biopreparation in sequencing batch reactor

The presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewater from sewage treatment plants indicates that they are not completely biodegradable. The designed biopreparation based on immobilized bacteria enables the degradation of paracetamol, ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac at a rate of 0.50 mg/L*day, 0.14 mg/L*day, 0.16 mg/L*day and 0.04 mg/L*day, respectively. Lower degradation of drugs in the mixture than in monosubstrate systems indicates their additive, antagonistic effect, limiting the degradative capacity of microorganisms. The biopreparation is stable for at least 6 weeks in bioreactor conditions. Biochemical parameters of activated sludge functioning showed increased oxygen demand, which was related to increased ammonia concentration caused by long-term exposure of activated sludge to drugs. Reduced metabolic activity was also observed. The preparation enables decomposing drugs and their metabolites, restoring the activated sludge's functionality. The tested biopreparation can support activated sludge in sewage treatment plants in degrading non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and phenolic compounds.

Efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate with zirconia-supported manganese and cobalt catalysts for oxidation of ibuprofen

This study assessed the efficacy of ZrO2-based catalysts with different Mn(II) and Co(II) metal loadings for catalytic degradation of ibuprofen using peroxymonosulfate anion as oxidant. The support was prepared via co-precipitation, and metal ion deposition was achieved through incipient wetness impregnation. Catalysts were characterized by atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy. Optimal experimental conditions resulted in complete ibuprofen degradation in 30 min, with 63.3% mineralization. The best-performing catalyst was reusable up to three times. Both sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were generated in the oxidant activation process.

Unveiling the mechanism of enhanced water purification by F-Fe-Zn-MCM-41 in O3/PMS

To break the restriction of SO52- as the essential initiator in O3/PMS reaction during water purification, F-Fe-Zn-MCM-41 (FFeZn-M) was designed to enhance ibuprofen (IBP) degradation during O3/PMS process. The great electronegativity difference between Fe and Zn created an electron flow from Zn to Fe, which was further enhanced by electron withdrawing Si-F group. FFeZn-M changed the traditional interaction between PMS and O3. PMS would be adsorbed on the surface of Zn and acted as an electron donor. Meanwhile, O3 received electrons from Fe site and was activated into ROS. With •OH and 1O2 as the main ROS, FFeZn-M/O3/PMS process achieved the complete IBP removal and a 60.9% mineralization rate, which was significantly higher over those of FFeZn-M/O3 and FFeZn-M/PMS processes. FFeZn-M/O3/PMS behaved better at weak acidic and neutral condition rather than the basic condition required by conventional O3/PMS process. This study offered a novel catalyst design strategy for O3/PMS.

Oxidation of emerging contaminants by S(IV) activated ferrate: Identification of reactive species

Studies on the Fe(VI)/S(IV) process have focused on improving the efficiency of emerging contaminants (ECs) degradation under alkaline conditions. However, the performance and mechanisms under varying pH levels remain insufficiently investigated. This tudy delved into the efficiency and mechanism of Fe(VI)/S(IV) process using sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ibuprofen (IBU) as model contaminants. We found that pH was crucial in governing the generation of reactive species, and both Fe(V/IV) and SO4•− were identified in the reaction system. Specifically, an increase in pH favored the formation of SO4•−, while the formation of Fe(VI) to Fe(V/IV) became more significant at lower pH. At pH 3.2, Fe(III) resulting from the Fe(VI) self-decay reactedwith HSO3−to produce SO4•−and •OH. Under near-neutral conditions, the coexistance of Fe(V/IV) and SO4•− in abundance contributed to the optimal oxidation of both pollutants in the Fe(VI)/S(IV) process, with the removal exceeding 74% in 5 min. Competitive quenching experiments showed that the contributions of Fe(V/IV) to SMX and IBU destruction dimished, while the contributions of radicals increased with an increase in pH. However, this evolution was slower during SMX degradation compared to IBU degradation. A comprehensive understnding of pH as the key factor is essential for the optimization of the sulfite-activated Fe(VI) oxidation process in water treatment.

Multi-strategy study of environmental degradation of ibuprofen: From chemical catalysis to biological treatment

Ibuprofen, as one of the pharmaceuticals and personal care products, accumulates continuously in the environment with its increasing usage, posing pollution and potential threats to human health through various ways. Therefore, there is a pressing need to explore efficient methods for the degradation of ibuprofen. This paper primarily discusses current chemical and biological degradation approach of ibuprofen, explores the use of catalysts and degradation techniques in different degradation methods, and do comparative analysis of different degradation ways. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods in practice will be discussed and some problems which may encountered during the degradation process will be identified to provide references for further research on efficient degradation methods for ibuprofen.

Synergistic effect by supported activated carbon between functional groups and metal oxygen vacancies: enhancing ibuprofen degradation by improving ozone mass transfer

The fabrication and application of CuMn2O4@WAC and CuMn2O4@CSAC in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for degrading IBP were investigated. The adsorption and decomposition mechanisms of ozone on the surfaces of AC and CuMn2O4 were explored.

Efficient catalytic ozonation for ibuprofen through electron-deficient/rich centers over cerium-manganese doped carbon

The sluggish Me(n+m)+/Men+ redox cycle greatly restrained the catalytic ozonation performance of metal-based catalysts. To break this bottleneck, we adopted an interfacial oxidation reaction to create electron-deficient/rich centers within carbon skeleton derived from MOF (C-MOF) by utilizing the electronegativity difference between cerium (Ce) and manganese (Mn), and evaluated its catalytic ozonation activity with ibuprofen (IBP) as model pollutant. XPS, H2-TPR, LSV and EPR characterizations as well as DFT calculation demonstrated that there existed electron-deficient Ce sites and electron-rich Mn sites on CeOx/MnOx/C-MOF. Under the co-function of Ce and Mn sites, CeOx/MnOx/C-MOF/O3 process achieved 100% IBP removal in 90 min, which was 3.1 times of sole ozonation process. IBP could be absorbed at the electron-deficient Ce center and directionally donate its electron to the O3 around electron-rich Mn center. Singlet oxygen (1O2) played the major role in IBP degradation. Cl−, HCO3−, NO3− and SO42− demonstrated limited inhibitions on IBP degradation. This work provided a sustainable strategy for breaking the rate-limiting step in the traditional catalytic ozonation.

Enhancing ibuprofen degradation in aqueous solutions: The synergistic role of bimetallic MOFs (Mn/ZIF-67) and modified graphene oxide in peroxymonosulfate activation

An innovative bimetallic (Co and Mn) composite catalyst, Mn/ZIF-67@GO, was synthesized for effective peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and rapid degradation of ibuprofen (IBP). The Mn/ZIF-67@GO/PMS system demonstrates remarkable catalytic performance, achieving a 98 % degradation of a 0.05 mM IBP solution within 15 min. This high efficiency is maintained across a pH range of 5 to 9, with excellent system stability over five cycles, showing only minimal metal leaching (Co and Mn < 50 µg/L). The system's versatility is further proven by its ability to remove over 80 % of other antibiotics tested. Additionally, a detailed mechanism study has identified 5 degradation pathways and 19 intermediates of IBP, offering deep insights into the catalytic process. Our findings underscore the potential of MOFs in advanced water treatment applications through PMS activation, presenting a promising approach for antibiotic removal.

CuFeS2/activated carbon heterostructure as a microwave-responsive catalyst for reductive and oxidative degradation of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac

We prepared a novel microwave (MW) responsive catalyst by assembling CuFeS2 (CFS) nanoparticles to activated carbon (AC), creating a stable heterostructure named ACFS. The efficiency, structural aspects, and surface mechanisms of the ACFS catalyst were investigated through the degradation of ibuprofen (IBP), ketoprofen (KTP), and diclofenac (DCF) under optimized mild reaction conditions. Total mineralization was reached between 20 and 30 min for all compounds, following pseudo-first-order kinetics, with high catalyst recycling stability in up to 10 consecutive cyclic runs. The plausible degradation pathways proposed according to the mass spectra analysis revealed that while IBP and KTP were oxidized, DCF degradation routes split into direct oxidation or reduction followed by oxidation after 15 min of MW irradiation. We demonstrated by employing quantum chemical calculations that the preferential degradation routes for each compound were related to the generation of reactive oxygen species and its relation to the surface phenomena. The combined mechanisms revealed the occurrence of an effective electronic-charge transfer during catalytic reductions as well as •OH production enhanced by hot spots formed during oxidations. Consequently, this work proves that metal/carbon heterostructures can be robust and versatile for reductive and oxidative reactions assisted by MW.

Kinetics of Ibuprofen Degradation in Aqueous Solution by the Action of Direct-Current Glow Discharge in Air

Kinetics of Ibuprofen Degradation in Aqueous Solution by the Action of Direct-Current Glow Discharge in Air

A Novel Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Percarbonate by Using N, N-Diethyl-P-Phenylenediamine as an Indicator and Its Application in Activated Percarbonate Degradation of Ibuprofen

A Novel Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Percarbonate by Using N, N-Diethyl-P-Phenylenediamine as an Indicator and Its Application in Activated Percarbonate Degradation of Ibuprofen

Peroxymonosulfate-assisted visible light sensitive 0D/3D Z-scheme NiCo2O4@g-C3N4 photocatalyst for effective degradation of ibuprofen in water

Herein, a 0D/3D NiCo2O4@g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalyst was successfully synthesized to degrade ibuprofen (IBP) in a photocatalytic system in the presence of PMS under visible light. The 5%-NiCo2O4@g-C3N4 exhibited the highest IBP degradation performance at 96% IBP removal in 60 min in the near-neutral pH range of 6 to 9. Factors such as PMS concentration, pH, catalyst dosage, IBP concentration, and temperature on IBP degradation were studied. Scavenging tests and EPR analyses confirmed the role of main reactive species, including h+, 1O2, and SO4−, in IBP degradation. The photocatalytic degradation products of IBP were more benign than the parent compound. Experiments on cyclic degradation and analyses of fresh and used photocatalysts corroborated the remarkable stability of NiCo2O4@g-C3N4. This study established a new framework for developing effective PMS photo-activator in the remediation of impaired water.

Ibuprofen-enhanced biodegradation in solution and sewage sludge by a mineralizing microbial consortium. Shift in associated bacterial communities

Ibuprofen (IBP) is a widely used drug of environmental concern as emerging contaminant due to its low elimination rates by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), leading to the contamination of the environment, where IBP is introduced mainly from wastewater discharge and sewage sludge used as fertilizer. This study describes the application of a consortium from sewage sludge and acclimated with ibuprofen (consortium C7) to accelerate its biodegradation both in solution and sewage sludge. 500 mg L-1 IBP was degraded in solution in 28 h, and 66% mineralized in 3 days. IBP adsorbed in sewage sludge (10 mg kg-1) was removed after bioaugmentation with C7 up to 90% in 16 days, with a 5-fold increase in degradation rate. This is the first time that bioaugmentation with bacterial consortia or isolated bacterial strains have been used for IBP degradation in sewage sludge. The bacterial community of consortium C7 was significantly enriched in Sphingomonas wittichii, Bordetella petrii, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bosea genosp. after IBP degradation, with a special increase in abundance of S. wittichii, probably the main potential bacterial specie responsible for IBP mineralization. Thirteen bacterial strains were isolated from C7 consortium. All of them degraded IBP in presence of glucose, especially Labrys neptuniae. Eight of these bacterial strains (B. tritici, L. neptuniae, S. zoogloeoides, B. petrii, A. denitrificans, S. acidaminiphila, P. nitroreducens, C. flaccumfaciens) had not been previously described as IBP-degraders. The bacterial community that makes up the indigenous consortium C7 appears to have a highly efficient biotic degradation potential to facilitate bioremediation of ibuprofen in contaminated effluents as well as in sewage sludge generated in WWTPs.

Sonoelectrochemical system mechanisms, design, and machine learning for predicting degradation kinetic constants of pharmaceutical pollutants

This study explores the mechanism, design, and application of machine learning in the sonoelectrochemical (US-EC) systems and select ibuprofen (IBP) as the target pollutant. Mechanism investigation shows that OH and S O4·- are the primary chemical oxidation species through scavenger experiments. Based on the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, the electrodes in the ultrasound (US) system play the role of electrode-sonocataliytic and can promote the degradation kinetic constant of pharmaceutical pollutants. The effects of design parameters, including US frequency, voltage, electrolyte, electrode area, gap, and position on IBP degradation were investigated. The results demonstrated that under optimized parameters: US frequency of 35 kHz, voltage of 5 V, 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, 1.5 cm gap, and placement at P8, the US-EC system achieved a kinetic constant of 0.016 min−1. Chemiluminescence was used to visualize the spatial distribution of the oxidant, and provided theoretical support for mechanism and design parameter optimization. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting model was used to predict the kinetic constant of pharmaceutical contaminants including IBP, indicating excellent model performance with results of R2 and RMSE reaching 0.98 and 0.0005, respectively. SHapley Additive exPlanations was employed to assess the impact of design parameters on pharmaceutical pollutants degradation. The results showed that US frequency, US power, and the distance 'r' from the US transmitter to the anode have the most significant impact on the prediction performance of the model. Two sets of new experiments were verified using this model, and the prediction accuracy reached 76% and 82% respectively, demonstrating that machine learning can effectively predict the kinetic constants of pharmaceutical contaminants under complex factors affecting the US-EC system, assisting researchers in swiftly evaluating the system's pollutant treatment performance and simplifying the experimental workload.

LED-driven photo-Fenton process for micropollutant removal by nanostructured magnetite anchored in mesoporous silica

The presence of organic micropollutants in water bodies represents a threat to living organisms and ecosystems due to their toxicological effects and recalcitrance in conventional wastewater treatments. In this context, the application of heterogeneous photo-Fenton based on magnetite nanoparticles supported on mesoporous silica (SBA15) is proposed to carry out the non-specific degradation of the model compounds ibuprofen, carbamazepine, hormones, bisphenol A and the dye ProcionRed®. The operating conditions (i.e., pH, catalyst load and hydrogen peroxide concentration) were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The paramagnetic properties of the nanocatalysts allowed their repeated use in sequential batch operations with catalyst losses below 1%. The feasibility of the process was demonstrated as removal rates above 90% after twelve accomplished after twelve consecutive cycles. In addition, the contributions of different reactive oxygen species, mainly •OH, were analyzed together with the formation of by-products, achieving total mineralization values of 15% on average.