Definition Of Resilience Research Articles

Building the Concept of Small and Medium Enterprise Business Resilience: Literature Review

Business resilience research has increased rapidly and received attention from researchers. However, the literature still provides few definitions, measurements, and variables that affect the concept. Therefore, there is still a gap in contributing the latest knowledge related to these fields and putting it in this journal article. On this occasion, researchers pay special attention to the resilience of SMEs in developing countries. The importance of SME business for the national economy so that it requires attention in resilience research. The researcher applies a well-structured systematic literature review procedure. This journal article offers (1) a review of the SME resilience literature from 2015 to November 2021, consisting of 72 articles, and (2) a review, specifically for developing countries. This review concludes that the definition of resilience varies widely, and its measurement and the factors that influence it vary widely. Not much resilience research has paid attention to the context of SMEs in developing countries. Based on the review results, researchers present features that can distinguish resilience; provide an alternative to add to the theoretical basis for research on resilience in the future.

Application of Conservation Tillage in China: A Method to Improve Climate Resilience

In the context of climate change, agricultural cultivation, as one of the most vulnerable sectors, is under threat. Extreme weather and climate conditions have caused a series of problems, such as yield loss, more serious pests and diseases, and declining biodiversity. Conservation tillage is considered a potential method to improve climate resilience, yet the intrinsic mechanism of how conservation tillage functions to improve the climate resilience of agriculture is uncertain. Here, we performed document analysis to explore how conservation tillage stabilizes and increases crop yield and reduces greenhouse gases. We reviewed the definition of resilience and proposed the practice of conservation tillage. Our research found that conservation tillage has the potential of improving soil health and reducing greenhouse gases to enhance climate resilience. Although there is some evidence demonstrating that conservation tillage has a negative impact on crop yield and greenhouse gases, we still advocate the adoption of conservation tillage according to local conditions. We suggest that choosing proper practices, such as crop rotation, the use of cover crops, and holistic grazing, when used along with conservation tillage, can maximize the benefits of conservation tillage and alleviate the possible negative effects of this practice.

Resilience: Analyzing the Crisis Management of Ski Resorts in China

Resilience has become an important concept for the ski resorts of China, which have suffered heavy losses due to COVID-19. In order to help China's ski resort service industry successfully adapt to the crisis and achieve sustainable development, the goal of this paper is to develop the definition of resilience of the ski resort service industry through interviews based on the concept and general analysis framework of resilience. The ski resort resilience theory analysis framework is then constructed from the three basic elements (market, skiing, and stakeholders) and four system features (flexibility, adaptability, and collaborative learning ability). The results indicate several measures that can be taken to spread risk: enrich the product supply; eliminate risks and build a multi-agent networked industrial governance system; and establish a risk prevention and management mechanism based on a multi-organization alternative learning mechanism to overcome the difficulties encountered in the development of ski resorts.

Theoretical and empirical analysis of the problem of resilience and stress resistance in pedagogical activity

It is well known that pedagogical professional activity is characterized by excessive stress. First of all, this is due to the high level of responsibility of the teacher. This profession has a low social status, as a result of which employees of educational institutions constantly feel social insecurity. These factors significantly affect the neuro-mental stability of teachers and cause chronic stress. The purpose of the article is to theoretically and empirically investigate the psychological features of resilience in in teachers, to determine the competencies and characteristics of personality that will help teachers to becomeresilience to stressors they constantly face in their work, while maintaining efficiency and effectiveness in performing professional responsibilities. Domestic and foreign approaches to the definition of resilience have been analyzed in the article. Resilience is defined as person’s stability to the effects of stressful events and factors, while maintaining the ability to recover and the desire to develop and grow as a professional. The issue of psychological features of resilience and stress resistance in accordance with the specifics of the teacher's activity has been revealed.An empirical research of the levels of resilience and stress resistance of teachers and students-future teachers has been conducted using psychodiagnostic techniques: «Brief Resilience Scale» by B. Smith and «Stress Resistance Test» by Yu. Shcherbatykh. The research has showed mostly low and medium levels of resilience in both teachers and future teachers. Both samples had an average level of general indicator of stress resistance, but the scale «Destructive ways to overcome stress» among students-future teachers showed a high level, indicating a lack of skills in effective behavior in stressful situations. Empirical data have been processed and analyzed using methods of mathematical statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient). As a result, a correlation has been established between the scales of the method «Stress Resistance Test» by Yu. Shcherbatykh: psychosomatics and increased reaction to circumstances; psychosomatics and the tendency to complicate things. The inverse correlation has been defined between resilience and the Psychosomatics scale.

Cognitive Reserve and Related Constructs: A Unified Framework Across Cognitive and Brain Dimensions of Aging.

Cognitive reserve and related constructs are valuable for aging-related research, but consistency and clarification of terms is needed as there is still no universally agreed upon nomenclature. We propose a new set of definitions for the concepts of reserve, maintenance, and resilience, and we invoke parallel concepts for each that are applicable to cognition and to brain. Our definitions of reserve and resilience correspond reasonably well to dictionary definitions of these terms. We demonstrate logical/methodological problems that arise from incongruence between commonly used conceptual and operational definitions. In our view, cognitive reserve should be defined conceptually as one’s total cognitive resources at a given point in time. IQ and education are examples of common operational definitions (often referred to as proxies) of cognitive reserve. Many researchers define cognitive reserve conceptually as a property that allows for performing better than expected cognitively in the face of aging or pathology. Performing better than expected is demonstrated statistically by interactions in which the moderator is typically IQ or education. The result is an irreconcilable situation in which cognitive reserve is both the moderator and the moderation effect itself. Our proposed nomenclature resolves this logical inconsistency by defining performing better than expected as cognitive resilience. Thus, in our usage, we would test the hypothesis that high cognitive reserve confers greater cognitive resilience. Operational definitions (so-called proxies) should not conflate factors that may influence reserve—such as occupational complexity or engagement in cognitive activities—with cognitive reserve itself. Because resources may be depleted with aging or pathology, one’s level of cognitive reserve may change over time and will be dependent on when assessment takes place. Therefore, in addition to cognitive reserve and cognitive resilience, we introduce maintenance of cognitive reserve as a parallel to brain maintenance. If, however, education is the measure of reserve in older adults, it precludes assessing change or maintenance of reserve. Finally, we discuss consideration of resistance as a subcategory of resilience, reverse causation, use of residual scores to assess performing better than expected given some adverse factor, and what constitutes high vs. low cognitive reserve across different studies.

Centering the Voices of Queer Youth in Defining Resilience

Scholars have investigated the myriad ways lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) youth display resilience but often fail to incorporate youth's explicit definition of the concept. In this paper, we analyze the definitions of resilience used by youth we interviewed, mostly Black persons, Indigenous persons, and People of Color (BIPOCs) LGBTQ+ people in South Texas. We argue that centering the voices of LGBTQ+ youth is critical to the scholarly understanding of resilience. The LGBTQ+ youth in this project defined resilience as collective, as rebelliousness, as emotional intelligence, and as logistical resilience.

An Approach to the Unified Conceptualization, Definition, and Characterization of Social Resilience.

The purpose of this article is to offer a synthesis of the characteristics of social resilience, integrating the different approaches received from the social sciences. We propose to focus this conceptual framework as a previous and necessary step for the later study of the possible ways of promotion of this social resilience, that will help to strengthen the welfare and public health systems. The paper explores the difficulties in defining these characteristics, identifying their constituent elements. After this, the paper study the challenges to the future development of resilience models, showing the ways that offer some advances. Finally, we conclude that the social resilience must be conceived as a dynamic, multi-level, and evolutionary process if we are to help societies not only cope with adversity but also to adapt and transform themselves.

Build Back Better and Long-Term Housing Recovery: Assessing Community Housing Resilience and the Role of Insurance Post Disaster

The purpose of this research is to better understand community housing resilience and the role of insurance using a Build Back Better Long-term Recovery Housing framework to analyze approaches and effects on long-term housing rebuilding and recovery. A comparative case study approach is taken to assess insurance policies and outcomes following Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and the Canterbury earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand, both affluent urban communities with strong insurance markets. Framed within the context of “Build Back Better”, the community housing and insurance resilience assessment is based on five key indicators; governance, community resources, risk reduction, housing rebuilding funding (funding and speed of funding), and time compression (built environment and periods of recovery time). Public and private insurance schemes for both case studies are identified and are considered together with analysis of insurance claims and other sources of financial support. The findings and results show that recovery is the result of highly interdependent Build Back Better processes. The data suggests that insurance and governance systems greatly influences the onset and overall speed of recovery (time compression), thereby performing a major role in long-term recovery. This research provides an original contribution to disaster recovery knowledge by analyzing insurance claims from two well-documented natural disasters. Additionally, the paper proposes for the singular definition of community housing resilience.

A higher-order model of community resilience potential: development and assessment through confirmatory composite analysis based on partial least squares

The topic of community resilience attracts as much academic research as it does social media. Understanding the drivers of change and community adaptation in the face of critical events is a key clue to governance actions and local measures. However, both academia and the media often provide partial definitions of community resilience. Beginning with an integration of theory-driven and data-driven knowledge, the study aims to uncover and operationalize the building blocks of community resilience potential within a measurement tool. An assessment study, conducted on 1278 participants from diverse communities statistically supported a broad, inclusive model: Community Resilience Potential is composed of four main constituents (social capital, community competence, structural-functional potential, socio-economic potential). The Confirmatory Composite Analysis formalized for Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Modeling revealed its good psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Although the study has limitations, it provides researchers with a valuable, theoretically grounded, widely-applicable tool for the investigation of the community resilience potential.

Resilient City: Characterization, Challenges and Outlooks

The increasingly severe environmental pollution and the Earth’s ecological crisis make the concept of resilient cities (RCs) a hot topic in urban research. We ran a bibliometric analysis to analyze the research progress, areas, hotspots, and strategies pertaining to RCs. The core collection came from the Web of Science (WoS) database as the data source to explore 4462 literature works on RCs. The results revealed that development time series analysis is divided into three stages. Changes in the number of publications are linked to natural disasters, the ecological environment, and science policy. The top five issuing journals accounted for 24.15% of the total sample. Country cooperation mainly is concentrated in countries with good economic development trends, such as the United States, China, and the United Kingdom. There were 63 core authors. The most published research institution was the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The RC research hotspots included the definition of resilience and evolution, the study of resilience as an analytical framework for urban issues, and resilience assessment indicators. This paper shows that RCs should strengthen multi-country cooperation and interdisciplinary integration and should focus on comprehensive research on basic theories, evaluation systems, and action mechanisms to reference future research on RCs further.

A methodology for time-varying resilience quantification of an offshore natural gas pipeline

Many resilience definitions and metrics have been presented across various disciplines in recent times. However, from a design and operations perspective, a limited effort is focused on quantifying the resilience of oil and gas support structures. This study proposes a methodology for structural resilience quantification of an offshore hydrocarbon pipeline. Resilience is modelled as a function of the structure’s time-dependent reliability, adaptability, and maintainability. The proposed model is demonstrated on an internally corroded offshore natural gas pipeline segment with multiple initial defects; and considers disruptive events arising from the leak, burst, and rupture failure modes. The resilience index and sensitivity analysis are evaluated for the offshore pipeline. The pipeline sensitivity analysis indicates the apparent effect of pipe wall thickness and defect depth growth rate on resilience over its design life. The outcome of this study provides an insight into the resilience quantification of structural systems considering multiple disruptive events. The proposed model is expected to serve as an essential tool for resilience evaluation during the design and operations of oil and gas structures.

Resilience assessment methodologies and enhancement strategies of multi‐energy cyber‐physical systems of the distribution network

Natural disasters and cyber intrusions threaten the normal operation of the critical Multi-Energy Systems (MESs) infrastructures. There is still no universally-accepted definition of MESs resilience under the integration of cyber and physical, and lack of a widely accepted methodology to quantify and assess the resilience in MESs. Hence, this paper introduces an extensive review of the state-of-the-art research of power systems’ resilience. Then, this work proposes the definition of the Multi-Energy Cyber-Physical Systems (MECPSs) resilience and its related characteristics. To improve the resilience of MECPSs, this paper investigates extreme natural disaster models and analyses the vulnerability of the system to find the key constraint factors. Furthermore, this work presents the qualitative assessment curve, quantitative indexes, and assessment framework of the MECPSs resilience. Finally, the key improvement measures for the planning and operation of MECPSs resilience and the focus of future research are presented.

What does community resilience mean in the context of trauma-informed communities? A scoping review.

We performed a rigorous, comprehensive literature search using multiple databases. The 38 included articles addressed multiple types of chronic traumas, including historical trauma, poverty, minority stress, mass incarceration, and ACEs. A variety of definitions of community resilience were cited, several of which stressed the ability to thrive despite risk factors and the safety and wellbeing of residents. Few articles operationalized community resilience within the context of ACEs, suggesting significant gaps in the literature. This review can serve as an important building block to develop expanded definitions of community resilience for chronic traumas and assist communities in promoting community-wide responses to ACEs.

Scanning Models of Food Systems Resilience in the Indo-Pacific Region

The Indo-Pacific is a region of the world experiencing rapid growth in population and development. However, it is also exposed to a number of social, economic, geopolitical, and biophysical stressors, which may undermine the region's ability to support its population, ensure food security, and sustain livelihoods. In response to the complex suite of stressors, a number of development initiatives and research programs have been established to build resilience in the region's food systems. These initiatives vary in scope and scale, but also in what they mean by the term resilience and the components of the food system they address. This variation has implications for the outcomes of these efforts and how well they match a theoretical ideal of resilience. This review examines how resilience and food systems are defined, conceptualized, and applied within research studies and projects or initiatives on food systems resilience funded or supported by national, regional, or multilateral government, and non-governmental institutions in the Indo-Pacific region. It also compares how the concepts are treated from an academic or theoretical perspective vs. in practical applications. We take a two-pronged approach: first, identifying organizations engaged in the Indo-Pacific region and developing an inventory of initiatives and projects that have bearing on food systems resilience; and second, carrying out literature searches to record research studies in the region that examine resilience within food systems. We then identify any formalized frameworks or definitions of resilience and/or food systems guiding these projects and studies. The results indicate there is a heavy focus on climate change and natural disasters, and to a lesser extent health-related shocks, in food systems resilience research and practice. Definitions, however, are inconsistently reported, and are often more simplistic than resilience theory depicts, favoring resilience conceptualizations around adaptation and a production-oriented food systems framing. While the specific definitions vary between research and applied projects, the fragmented and ambiguous use of terms presents a challenge for policy applications and coordination. Overall, establishing some clear guiding resilience principles, modified according to contextual factors, could enable more streamlined resilience work in Indo-Pacific food systems.

The validity of the residuals approach to measuring resilience to adverse childhood experiences

BackgroundResilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity. Recent work to harmonise the quantification and definition of resilience quantifies resilience as the residual variance in psychosocial functioning that remains after accounting for adversity exposure. However, there have been no published studies that have formally investigated the validity of this approach. Considering this, we examine the construct and predictive validity of the residuals approach using participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a multigenerational, longitudinal cohort study.MethodsWe regressed exposures of adolescent adversity on adolescent psychopathology scores using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and obtained the residual variance. We investigated construct validity by analysing whether previously identified demographic and resilience factors significantly predicted resilience. Predictive validity of resilience was investigated by comparing the predictive power of resilience with other determinants of psychosocial functioning on two developmental outcomes: depressive symptoms at 18 years, measured by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, and NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) status at 17 and 23 years. The associations between depressive symptoms at 18, resilience, ACEs and covariates were tested using multiple linear regression. NEET status at 17 and 23 were run as separate binary multiple logistic regression models to test associations with resilience and known demographics previously associated with NEET status.ResultsSeven previously identified protective factors, including self-esteem, positive sibling relationship, temperament, and positive perception of school, significantly predicted resilience to adolescent psychopathology, thus providing strong construct validity. Resilience significantly predicted a reduction in depressive symptoms at 18 years, and significantly decreased the likelihood of having NEET status at both 17 years and 23 years, even after taking into account early childhood adversity and other risk factors. None of the socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with resilience.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the residuals method of operationalising resilience has good construct and predictive validity yet recommend replication studies. It has the potential to advance research into the mechanisms and modifiability of resilience.Trial Registration: Not applicable.

Definition of ecological resilience and its perspective in revegetation technology

Definition of ecological resilience and its perspective in revegetation technology

A Systematic Literature Review on the Resilience Reported by BIPOC in the Face of Discrimination

The present study is a systematic literature review on the psychology of resilience, or the ability to bounce back after a difficult situation (Smith, 2008). Although resilience is a timely and relevant variable in social psychology, little is known about its connection to the racism-related experiences of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). This review explores how resilience manifests in the BIPOC community and its influence on the identity of minority groups. Previous research has shown that BIPOC reports higher resilience (Carter, 2012); however, there is still uncertainty around its connection to discrimination. Through the analysis of nine final research articles, we examined four main questions: (a) What is the prominent definition of resilience?, (b) How is resilience experienced or manifested among BIPOC?, (c) How is resilience operationalized when experiencing oppression?, and (d) What are the limitations in the literature of resilience? Results shed light on the need to further investigate resilience as a protective factor against discrimination in the BIPOC community.

Integrative Review of the Recent Literature on Human Resilience: From Concepts, Theories, and Discussions Towards a Complex Understanding.

Resilience may be viewed as the capacity of an individual, or perhaps of a dynamic system, to adjust and adapt positively to adversities and disruptions that impact one’s functioning and development. Yet a common statement in the literature is that there are still today numerous ways of defining and conceiving resilience. This multiplicity of approaches calls for clarification and generates a need of common theoretical ground. Therefore, this review aims to examine, to clarify and to synthesize how “human” resilience is conceptualized within the recent human sciences literature to help answer the question: ‘What are the key approaches, concepts, and definitions of resilience?”. Following Whittemore and Knafl (2005, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x) methods, an integrative review of the recent resilience literature (2013–2019) was undertaken. Four databases were used for the search: PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar. A reference and citation tracking was then performed on the papers identified. Sixty-nine papers passed all the stages (identification, screening, eligibility, inclusion) and formed the sample. Results show that resilience definitions are nowadays either about “adapting and bouncing back to previous levels of health” or about “thriving and rising above the adversity towards increased levels of health.” Results also show that resilience features—antecedents, mechanisms, consequences—are mainly conceptualized in a vertical sequence where an antecedent influences another or influences a mechanism leading to consequences. This paper concludes that modern conceptions can fit within a transactional and constructivist approach that goes beyond the former approaches by providing a more nuanced and realistic picture of the resilience process and by viewing it as a dynamic and person-situation-defined process.

Resistances in the “Resilient City”: Rise and fall of a disputed concept in New Orleans and Medellin

Medellin and New Orleans were regularly presented as resilience flagships of the Rockefeller's 100 Resilient Cities (100RC) program. In this article, I will demonstrate how 100RC was embedded or abandoned in both cities' policies. The two case studies provide an opportunity to understand how the 100RC approach to resilience offered – or failed to offer – an appropriate space for the multiple deployments of resilience. 100RC initially promoted an integrative definition of resilience, aiming to address natural as well as social stresses and shocks. I argue that this holistic approach paradoxically contributed to limiting the multiplicity of resilience in both cities. In Medellin, the project came to a halt after political changes. New Orleans eventually developed a more reductionist and technical approach than that initially formulated, focusing on the effectiveness of infrastructures rather than social changes. Considering the importance of contextualizing resilience to local concerns, this analysis will thus demonstrate some of the challenges implied in the institutionalization of a global model of resilience. Moreover, it will also highlight the importance of contextualizing neoliberalism and question the widespread vision of resilient cities as being merely neoliberal.

The Interplay of Environmental Exposures and Mental Health: Setting an Agenda.

Background:To date, health-effects research on environmental stressors has rarely focused on behavioral and mental health outcomes. That lack of research is beginning to change. Science and policy experts in the environmental and behavioral health sciences are coming together to explore converging evidence on the relationship—harmful or beneficial—between environmental factors and mental health.Objectives:To organize evidence and catalyze new findings, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) hosted a workshop 2–3 February 2021 on the interplay of environmental exposures and mental health outcomes.Methods:This commentary provides a nonsystematic, expert-guided conceptual review and interdisciplinary perspective on the convergence of environmental and mental health, drawing from hypotheses, findings, and research gaps presented and discussed at the workshop. Featured is an overview of what is known about the intersection of the environment and mental health, focusing on the effects of neurotoxic pollutants, threats related to climate change, and the importance of health promoting environments, such as urban green spaces.Discussion:We describe what can be gained by bridging environmental and psychological research disciplines and present a synthesis of what is needed to advance interdisciplinary investigations. We also consider the implications of the current evidence for a) foundational knowledge of the etiology of mental health and illness, b) toxicant policy and regulation, c) definitions of climate adaptation and community resilience, d) interventions targeting marginalized communities, and e) the future of research training and funding. We include a call to action for environmental and mental health researchers, focusing on the environmental contributions to mental health to unlock primary prevention strategies at the population level and open equitable paths for preventing mental disorders and achieving optimal mental health for all. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9889