Definition Of Category Research Articles

Próba zastosowania modelu definicji kognitywnej w analizie semantycznej mediotekstów filmowych

The article is devoted to the use of the achievements of the Polish ethnolinguistic school in the study of feature films. The author believes that the model of cognitive definition, created by Jerzy Bartmiński, can be applied to the analysis of the semantic layer of film media texts. This type of semantic explication is able to encompass and organize not only linguistic data but also information transmitted by means of other semiotic systems. The author tries to prove this using the example of a cognitive definition of the cinematic conceptual category of a BADYLARZ (‘owner of a horticulture business’). The research material consists of crime films made during the Polish People’s Republic period.

Contemporary educational discourse as a tool of modernization of higher education

The article deals with the analysis of different approaches to definition of category of educational discourse in various fields of humanities in particular. Special attention was drawn towards explanation the notion of educational discourse. According to the author it means a type of institutional communication with a regulatory orientation, the purpose of which is the socialization of a new member of society, the transfer to him of certain knowledge, abilities, skills, social values. The article proves that educational discourse creates positive educational communication between participants of educational process and resulted in positive knowledge transfer. Also, the author outlines the structural components of educational discourse, explains it role within the educational process. the findings show that effective educational discourse applied between the partciipants of educational process help to build a positive educational environment and, in the long run, modernize higher education.

Legal analysis of the concept of «family» and subjects of family legal relations

The article researches the etymology of the term «family». In particular, the content of this concept as a social phenomenon is given, as well as an analysis of the opinions of modern Ukrainian lawyers regarding its legal content, and as a result, a proper definition of the legal category «family» - a set of persons, relations between which are based on mutual rights and obligations - is proposed languages, cohabitation and everyday life, arising on the basis of marriage (marital relations without marriage registration) or consanguineous ties, or other forms of adoption of children for upbringing, and which bear mutual responsibility for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of family obligations. It was established that there is no single approach to understanding the definition of «family» among scientists, just as there is no single comprehensive concept in the legal system of our country. In addition, it is noted that there are two opposing positions in the legal literature regarding the need to form a single definition of the term «family», because some scientists support the position of legislating the category «family», explaining this by the fact that different branches of law regulate different in terms of content, legal relations with the participation of family members, others, in turn, do not consider it necessary to enshrine the term «family» at the legislative level, because the criteria characterizing a family are very multifaceted and diverse. The characterization of the subjects (participants) of family legal relations provided for by the legislation of Ukraine, taking into account a certain sequence, was carried out. In particular, three groups of participants in family legal relations are distinguished. The first group is spouses, parents, children and the adoption institute. The second group is grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandmothers, great-grandfathers, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, siblings, stepmother, stepfather, stepdaughter and stepson. The third group is other family members provided for in Chapters 19 and 20 of the Family Code of Ukraine.

Endpoints reported in phase 3 randomized clinical trials at ASCO 2022.

1570 Background: The goal of phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is to show clinically meaningful benefit for patients. An analysis of phase 3 RCTs presented at the ASCO 2022 Annual Meeting (ASCO22) was undertaken to assess which endpoints were evaluated. Methods: A systematic analysis was undertaken of ASCO22 abstracts from phase 3 RCTs reporting primary, secondary, interim, updated, and subgroup analyses, as well as trials reporting methodology of currently enrolling studies. Trials that reported posthoc, exploratory, biomarker, and retrospective analyses of RCTs were excluded. Information from ASCO22 materials and clinical trial registration websites was recorded by two independent researchers. Results: In total, 166 RCTs were identified: 93 trials with 50,781 enrolled patients and 73 trials expected to enroll 52,098 patients. More trials reported on patients with locally advanced/metastatic cancer (64.5%) compared to localized cancer (35.5%). Funding source was pharmaceutical or biotechnology company in 62%. Within locally advanced/metastatic trials, overall survival (OS) was a primary endpoint in 40%, while progression-free survival (PFS) was a primary or co-primary endpoint in 45% and 13% respectively. Other primary endpoints included (invasive) disease-free survival ((i)DFS), event free survival (EFS), overall response rate and pathological complete response. In trials that did not include OS as a primary endpoint, OS was a secondary endpoint in 88% (n = 56/64). Within the localized group, trials were subdivided into adjuvant, neo-adjuvant, definitive and other categories. Within the adjuvant trials (n = 27), the most common primary endpoint was (i)DFS (37%), followed by OS (15%). Other primary endpoints included recurrence-free survival, invasive breast cancer free survival, metastasis-free survival, EFS, and PFS. Across all trials, quality of life (QOL) was never reported as a primary endpoint, however it was as a secondary or other outcome in 53% for locally advanced/metastatic trials and 42% for localized trials. When comparing the endpoints reported in the ASCO22 abstract and meeting materials with those listed on the trial registration website, discordance was noted in 14%. Conclusions: Phase 3 RCTs presented at ASCO22 represented participation from over 100,000 patients, however, fewer than half in locally advanced/metastatic cancer and fewer than one quarter in localized disease utilized OS as a primary endpoint. QOL was listed as an endpoint in roughly one half of all trials. Endpoints reported did not match registration data in a significant minority. Debate over which endpoints should be used for cancer RCTs should be informed by this data.

Modeling atmospheric microplastic cycle by GEOS-Chem: An optimized estimation by a global dataset suggests likely 50 times lower ocean emissions

Modeling atmospheric microplastic cycle by GEOS-Chem: An optimized estimation by a global dataset suggests likely 50 times lower ocean emissions

COMPETITIVENESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SYNERGETIC UNITY

The article deals with the issues of synergetic unity of the concepts of competitiveness of various levels: the competitiveness of goods, enterprises and the country's economy as a whole. The pyramid of competitiveness is analyzed, the main approaches of scientists to the definition of categories of competitiveness are considered. The author's approach to interpreting the structure of the pyramid of competitiveness from the standpoint of its synergy based on certain postulates and principles, the first of which determine the synergistic structure of competitiveness, and the second the relationship of its components, which ultimately allowed the author to present a synergistic pyramid of competitiveness. Also, the article explores the institutional conditions for the formation of macroeconomic competitiveness.

Defining Art as Phenomenal Being

At the beginning of the 20th century, the definition of art became one of the difficult topics of aesthetics and art theory. The emergence of the institutional approach and the debates surrounding it provoked many responses. This article proposes one possible response that uses Kant’s example of category deduction as a productive analogy that can serve as a “deduction of art categories”. Art is seen as a phenomenal entity constituted by multiple meaning perspectives, each of which has a figure representing it (author, spectator, patron, collector, curator, connoisseur, critic, historian, typologist, theorist, aesthetician, and metaphysician). The position of each of these figures legitimates a categorical definition that participates in the constitution of the “phenomenal being of art”.

El Cóndor Devorador Tiwanaku (590-1150 D.C.): Convención, divinidad, y alegoría de un carroñerismo ritual

The pre-Hispanic iconography of the Andes around violence, death, and fertility has been associated with sacred animals of various types and meanings whose rites persist to the present time. In Tiwanaku (590-1150 AD) the condor assumes these aspects within the theme that we call Tiwanaku Devouring Condor (CDT). The CDT`s images suggest rites associated with death, transformation, and propitiation through the sacralization of his scavenger behavior, and allow us to delve into the definition of a new category of iconographic themes defined as “Devourers”, in which the CDT positioned as the most continuous and ancient during the Middle Horizon. We propose that the CDT was a product of a ritual symbolism in which many cultures of the Andes converge.

Sensuous Machines: Sexuality, Violence, and Robots in Asian American Speculative Poetry

ABSTRACT In this article, I explore how two collections of Asian American speculative poetry – Franny Choi’s Soft Science and Margaret Rhee’s Love, Robot—prioritize sensation to challenge the cultural construction of the Asian female robot. As liberal humanism’s promise of rights through visual representation and narration fail to manifest, speculative poetry offers an alternative sensory apparatus that recognizes minoritized subjectivity. Playing with poetic opacity, inscrutability, and ambiguity, Choi and Rhee highlight the sensory power of sexuality to defy categorical definition. Their experiments in robot sensation offer new models for being-with attentive to the politics of racialized, gendered, and human embodiment.

Bullying from the Perspective of Multigrade Classroom Teachers

Multigrade classrooms are classrooms where multiple grades are combined into a single class due to factors such as small numbers of students, teachers, or classrooms, and they are usually taught by one teacher. This study examined the opinions of primary school teachers with experience in multigrade classrooms regarding bullying. The teachers’ opinions were examined within the categories of definitions of bullying behaviors, types and causes, coping strategies, effects, and preventive measures. The qualitative research method of multiple case studies was applied. The teacher group was selected from among a readily accessible sample and semi-structured interview forms were administered. MAXQDA 2020 software was used to analyze the data and organize the findings. These findings showed that bullying behavior is generally exhibited by older and stronger students, and that the presence of different age groups together also contributes to bullying behavior. It was concluded that age differences stood out in the definitions of bullying offered by teachers in multigrade classrooms, and verbal, physical, and social types of bullying were observed. It is recommended that courses on multigrade classrooms and bullying be added to primary teacher education programs, “Teaching in Multigrade Classrooms” be made a mandatory course, and issues related to bullying be included in the contents of that course to ensure the development of teachers in these areas.

Checklist of Alien Vascular Plants of Hungary and Their Invasion Biological Characteristics

As part of the PADAPT project, the authors compiled the invasion biological database of the alien vascular flora of Hungary, which contains the nativeness, residence time, introduc- tion mode and invasion status of 878 alien or cryptogenic taxa. In the absence of adequate evidence, the classification of some species was only possible into uncertain, transitional cat- egories. The definitions of most categories are compatible with several international termi- nologies, but are primarily based on Central European traditions. Of the 560 taxa that have already been naturalised in Hungary, 85 are invasive, and 22 of them are transformer alien vascular plants. Only 5 of these transformers are included in the European list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (Ailanthus altissima, Asclepias syriaca, Elodea nuttallii, Heracleum mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi), which require uniform preventive interventions and treatments throughout the continent, while the rest of transformers in Hungary (e.g., Robinia pseudoacacia, Fallopia × bohemica and Solidago gigantea) draw attention to the unique, local and/ or regional invasion biological situation of the Pannonian Basin and Central Europe.

A Revolutionary's “Stravaganza”: Police and Morality in the Habsburg Empire (1780–1830)

AbstractDuring the era following the Enlightenment, the police became the main institution to oversee the maintenance of public order in many European cities. Their activities also shaped the idea of public order and public morality. The police were important in the context of political change and perceived “threat of revolution” but also in other areas, including the control of movement and residence. From the end of the eighteenth century, criminal codes were changing, and in the Habsburg monarchy, these changes included the definition of a new category of less grave “police delicts.” This study compares police norms and practice in the period of 1790–1830. Using several concrete examples, the author investigates whether the approach of the police and the authorities to moral offenses changed in connection with social and political developments (reaction to revolutions, restoration, changes in the influence of the Church). The aim of the study is to analyze whether the Habsburg police, in an era of more liberal legislation, played a similar restrictive role in the area of moral offenses as they did in controlling political activities.

A Novel Framework of Manifold Learning Cascade-Clustering for the Informative Frame Selection.

Narrow band imaging is an established non-invasive tool used for the early detection of laryngeal cancer in surveillance examinations. Most images produced from the examination are useless, such as blurred, specular reflection, and underexposed. Removing the uninformative frames is vital to improve detection accuracy and speed up computer-aided diagnosis. It often takes a lot of time for the physician to manually inspect the informative frames. This issue is commonly addressed by a classifier with task-specific categories of the uninformative frames. However, the definition of the uninformative categories is ambiguous, and tedious labeling still cannot be avoided. Here, we show that a novel unsupervised scheme is comparable to the current benchmarks on the dataset of NBI-InfFrames. We extract feature embedding using a vanilla neural network (VGG16) and introduce a new dimensionality reduction method called UMAP that distinguishes the feature embedding in the lower-dimensional space. Along with the proposed automatic cluster labeling algorithm and cost function in Bayesian optimization, the proposed method coupled with UMAP achieves state-of-the-art performance. It outperforms the baseline by 12% absolute. The overall median recall of the proposed method is currently the highest, 96%. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the robustness of detecting the informative frames. It also suggests the patterns embedded in the data help develop flexible algorithms that do not require manual labeling.

A systematic literature review of sociotechnical systems in systems engineering

AbstractSystems engineers use the term sociotechnical system in academic literature and in their practice. Sociotechnical systems are gaining more attention as systems engineers aspire to address the social elements of their systems engineering practice as well as societal challenges, such as those included in the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) Vision 2035. Even though there is a basic working definition of sociotechnical system in the Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge (SEBoK), use of the term varies in systems engineering literature depending on application domain. As systems engineering research and practice venture into social domains, it is critical that systems engineers have a shared understanding of terms they use as a foundation of knowledge and practice. To contribute to this foundation, this study is a systematic literature review of how the term sociotechnical system is used in systems engineering literature. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodological framework and Web of Science (WoS) for conducting the systematic literature review. We only included peer‐reviewed systems engineering academic papers in this study, and these papers had to either explicitly define the term or implicitly define it by context in the paper. In total, 61 papers were included after inclusion criteria were met, and these were evaluated and synthesized into definition categories. Evaluation and synthesis were conducted according to the PRISMA framework by the study authors in order to manage bias. We found that most papers use sociotechnical system generically as a system that includes social (people) and technical elements. Papers with more refined definitions of sociotechnical system stem from two distinct theoretical traditions: ergonomics/safety and philosophy of engineering. We do not aim to propose a single, normative definition of sociotechnical system. This study is limited by including only systems engineering literature since sociotechnical system has established definitions in other disciplines (e.g., social sciences disciplines). However, the outcome of this study provides systems engineers with documented understanding of how the term sociotechnical system is used within systems engineering.

Predicting vehicle category using psychoacoustic indicators from road traffic pass-by noise

A set of road traffic pass-by noises containing more than 2000 vehicles was recorded following the Statistical Pass-By (SPB) methodology (ISO 11819-1:2022). Besides the acoustic descriptors, psychoacoustic indicators (loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength) were retrieved for each pass-by of the three vehicle categories defined in the standard (passenger cars, dual-axles and multi-axles heavy vehicles). A fourth vehicle category, comprised of delivery vans, was also investigated. All psychoacoustic indicators significantly differed among vehicle categories, meaning that not only intensity descriptors but also temporal and spectral features of pass-by noise distinguish those classes. With enough instances and a balanced dataset across groups, a machine-learning classification algorithm was trained with 70% of the dataset to predict vehicle categories using the psychoacoustic indicators. Classification accuracy on the test set reached 72.5%. Accuracy losses were primarily caused by 25% of the actual passenger cars being misclassified as vans and vice-versa. Pooling these two categories increased accuracy to 82%. With more descriptors from road traffic pass-by noise than uniquely its maximum noise level, limiting definitions of vehicle categories may be overcome. As a result, measurements such as the SPB can become broader and vehicle fleets worldwide more consistently represented in terms of noise perception.

Some issues of securing claims arising from corporate legal relations

Issues of corporate relations and corporate governance are topical in the development of the country's economy. As President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K. Tokayev noted in his messages, dozens of national holdings, thousands of state-owned enterprises, and quasi-state organizations operate in the country. However, there is a question about the results and quality of their work, and only in one or two cases is the corporate governance system up to par. This suggests that in other organizations it is necessary to develop a corporate governance system. Its place in the economy is important, because due to the lack of an international corporate governance system of the appropriate level, enterprises and organizations cannot raise funds through the stock exchange. In the article, the author gives the scientific concept of "corporation", "corporate disputes", analyzes the short stories of substantive civil law on the definition of new categories of corporate disputes, their occurrence, legal entities. Suggests ways to identify actual problems related to the definition of departmental subordination of corporate disputes, namely the contradictions of departmental subordination and understanding the reasons that caused them, and their resolution. Emphasizes the features of substantive and procedural law in relation to corporate disputes. In addition, during the transitional period of the economy of Kazakhstan, changes and additions are made to some sections of the law «On a joint-stock company», which provides an effective form of management and business of a joint-stock company. Key words: corporation, corporate dispute, joint-stock company, legal entity, shares, corporate relations, dividends, earnings per share, share market price, court, lawsuit.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of determining the quality of services in the tourist business

Methods. The methodological basis of the study is such general scientific methods as historical and logical – when identifying the conceptual foundations of the study of the goods` quality through the history of economic thought, analysis and synthesis – when studying the correlation between the categories «consumer value», «utility», «value»; scientific abstraction – when establishing the essence of the concepts «quality» and «quality of tourist services». Results. On the basis of the analysis of the approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of «quality» dominant in Marxist and neoclassical economic science, its consideration from the point of view of both objective and subjective characteristics was revealed. It was established that there is no categorical definition of this concept, which is interpreted in modern economic literature, on the one hand, as a set of properties of a product or service, and on the other – as the attitude of the consumer to them. Attention is focused on the need to develop an integrated approach to understanding the essence of the concept of «quality», which would combine objectivist and subjectivist views on this phenomenon. Novelty. The dual nature of the concept of «quality» has been established, which consists in reflecting a set of specific properties and characteristics of a product or service (objective side), as well as the specifics of its individual perception when directly satisfying needs (subjective side). The definition of the category of «quality» is given as a set of properties and characteristics of the product, which form its ability to satisfy the needs of the consumer and to meet the expectations regarding it considering the real perception of a specific client at this moment in time. Practical value. The results of the study are of an applied nature, since the understanding of the dual nature of product quality allows choosing effective tools of influence to increase its level through timely diagnosis of problems in the activities of tourist enterprises and their solutions.

Evolving Risk Classifications in AML in a Real-Life Scenario: After Changes upon Changes, Is It More and More Adverse?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease classified into three risk categories (favorable, intermediate and adverse) with significant differences in outcomes. Definitions of risk categories evolve overtime, incorporating advances in molecular knowledge of AML. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of evolving risk classifications in 130 consecutive AML patients in a single-center real-life experience. Complete cytogenetic and molecular data were collected using conventional qPCR and targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Five-year OS probabilities were consistent among all classification models (roughly 50-72%, 26-32% and 16-20% for favorable, intermediate and adverse risk groups, respectively). In the same way, the medians of survival months and prediction power were similar in all models. In each update, around 20% of patients were re-classified. The adverse category consistently increased over time (31% in MRC, 34% in ELN2010, 50% in ELN2017), reaching up to 56% in the recent ELN2022. Noteworthily, in multivariate models, only age and the presence of TP53 mutations remained statistically significant. With updates in risk-classification models, the percentage of patients assigned to the adverse group is increasing, and so will the indications for allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Importance filtered soft label-based deep adaptation network

Deep adaptation networks exploit domain-invariant features of the source and target domains with some label-induced losses that need ground-truth labels as inputs. As target ground-truth labels are unavailable, existing approaches often utilize target-predicted labels that could be expressed in different forms, to formulate the label-induced losses. Specifically, the form of a hard label classifies a sample into one definite category, but it is overconfident when the quality of predicted labels is poor. In contrast, the form of a soft label gives probability values to each category for a sample, which could mitigate the overconfident problem. However, the soft label would introduce too many small and noisy probability values. Therefore, both label forms may mislead the optimizing process of label-induced losses and produce a negative adaptation. To deal with this challenge, this paper maximizes the nuclear norm of a soft label matrix to filter noisy probability values out while only preserving those important ones, to produce a more reliable form of importance filtered soft label. Then, we utilize the proposed label form to reformulate several prevalent label-induced losses in a probability-weighted manner, so that they could be optimized more correctly during the training process and alleviate the negative adaptation accordingly. Besides, we conduct the proposed scheme in a deep neural network dubbed as importance filtered soft label-based deep adaptation network (IFSL-DAN). Finally, we evaluate the proposed IFSL-DAN with extensive experiments on three cross-domain datasets to demonstrate its effectiveness compared with some state-of-art domain adaptation methods.

Association between epidemiologic case definition categories and adverse clinical outcome in patients with Clostridiodes difficile infection in San Francisco County, California: a five-year retrospective cohort study

BackgroundUnderstanding the predictors of adverse clinical outcomes following incident Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) can help clinicians identify which patients are at risk of complications and help prioritize the provision of their care. In this study, we assessed the associations between epidemiologic case definition categories and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CDI in San Francisco County, California.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using CDI surveillance data (n = 3274) from the California Emerging Infections Program for the time period 2016 to 2020. After independent associations were established, two multivariable logistic and log-binomial regression models were constructed for the final statistical analysis.ResultThe mean cumulative incidence of CDI cases was 78.8 cases per 100,000 population. The overall recurrence rate and the 30-day all-cause mortality rate were 11.1% and 4.5%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to the community associated CDI cases, healthcare facility onset (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI [1.3–7]) and community-onset-healthcare facility associated (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI [1.4–4.3]) CDI cases were found to have higher odds of all-cause 30-day mortality. Community onset-healthcare facility-associated CDI case definition category was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence of CDI (ARR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.2–2.4]).ConclusionAlthough the incidence of community-associated CDI cases has been rising, the odds of all-cause 30-day mortality and the risk of recurrent CDI associated with these infections are lower than healthcare facility onset and community-onset healthcare facility-associated CDI cases.