Project Definition Research Articles

HELP: the Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project

ABSTRACT We present the Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project (HELP). This project collates, curates, homogenizes, and creates derived data products for most of the premium multiwavelength extragalactic data sets. The sky boundaries for the first data release cover 1270 deg2 defined by the Herschel SPIRE extragalactic survey fields; notably the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) and the Herschel Atlas survey (H-ATLAS). Here, we describe the motivation and principal elements in the design of the project. Guiding principles are transparent or ‘open’ methodologies with care for reproducibility and identification of provenance. A key element of the design focuses around the homogenization of calibration, meta data, and the provision of information required to define the selection of the data for statistical analysis. We apply probabilistic methods that extract information directly from the images at long wavelengths, exploiting the prior information available at shorter wavelengths and providing full posterior distributions rather than maximum-likelihood estimates and associated uncertainties as in traditional catalogues. With this project definition paper, we provide full access to the first data release of HELP; Data Release 1 (DR1), including a monolithic map of the largest SPIRE extragalactic field at 385 deg2 and 18 million measurements of PACS and SPIRE fluxes. We also provide tools to access and analyse the full HELP data base. This new data set includes far-infrared photometry, photometric redshifts, and derived physical properties estimated from modelling the spectral energy distributions over the full HELP sky. All the software and data presented is publicly available.

Международный бизнес-проект и компетентностный профиль команды управления проектом (часть 1)

The authors showed the role of project categorization in solving the problems of project management. Based on the systematic approach and the application of logical analysis, it is argued that the definition of the project category already at the stage of its initiation allows to determine the main attributes of the management process and formulate the requirements to the composition of the project team competencies. The classification feature of international business projects is revealed. It is shown that the classification attribute reflecting the nature of relations between the project participants and taking into account the spatial localization of national legal systems, is the only acceptable for the definition of projects of this type. The author’s definition of the concept of «international project» is given. The subject composition of the international project, as well as the necessary and sufficient components of the conditions of attributing the project to the category of international.

Heuristic Framework for Sustainable Cooling Water Systems Operations in Oil Facilities

To meet the growing demand for cleaner environment from the society, most leading oil companies have committed to preserve environment via reduction of greenhouse gases, water and soil pollution as well as the use of natural resources. In most of the oil facilities, they required massive cooling systems to cool down process streams in order to meet the process requirements. The most common cooling system in oil facilities is evaporative cooling water system (ECWS) as such system has high efficiency. Cooling water is commonly used in offices and residential areas. However, the cooling water system is one of the utility systems that generates high environmental impacts due to high consumption of power, water and chemicals. Therefore, it is important to optimize the system in the early design stage of the project to operate in the most effective and efficient condition. In reality, many efforts may be missed out due to loose project definition, inexperience design engineer, hectic project schedule, or resource constraint. Therefore, in order to overcome the previous limitations, this paper presents a comprehensive heuristic improvement framework for cooling water systems in oil operating facilities.

Identification and Evaluation of the Influencing Factors in Target Value Design Process through an Industry Survey

Target value design is a new practice in the construction industry promoting concurrent engineering and collaborative design. This paper shows the results of literature survey to identify the influencing factors in the target value design. The paper also presents the results of a questionnaire survey to explore the industry practitioners' perception of the relative importance of the influencing factors. Project stakeholders participating in the survey consider the integration of different project stakeholders in the design phase as critical. The project definition is also regarded as essential in implementing the target value design. However, the market conditions and project attributes are considered as least significant in the target value design process.

Amplitude of the magnetic anomaly vector in the interpretation of total-field anomaly at low magnetic latitudes

We propose the use of the amplitude of the magnetic anomaly vector (amplitude data) for qualitative interpretation of large areas at low magnetic latitudes. The amplitude data are weakly dependent on the magnetization direction. Hence, the amplitude data require no prior knowledge of the source magnetization direction. The amplitude data produce maxima over the causative sources, allowing the definition of the horizontal projections of the sources. This characteristic is attractive for interpretation at low magnetic latitudes because at these regions the interpretation of the total-field anomaly is not straightforward. We compute the amplitude data using the equivalent-layer technique to transform the total-field anomaly into the three orthogonal components of the magnetic anomaly vector. We analyze the results of tests in synthetic data simulating a main geomagnetic field at high, mid and low latitudes, with sources ranging from symmetric to elongated forms, including a dipping source. These sources, that give rise to the simulated anomalies, have both induced and strong remanent magnetizations. By comparing the amplitude data with the total gradient, we show that the amplitude data locate the horizontal projections of the sources. Thus, the amplitude data can be used to delineate the boundaries of the sources. We apply both the amplitude data and the total gradient to a real total-field anomaly over a large area of the Amazonian Craton, northern Brazil, located at low magnetic latitudes. The amplitude data show a better performance in delineating geologic bodies that are in agreement with the outcropping intrusions in the geologic map. Moreover, the amplitude data revealed new geologic bodies that were not present in the geologic map. The clear alignment of these new bodies with the outcropping intrusions suggested the continuity of these intrusions in depth. This result is a step forward in understanding this area for which the geology is poorly known. Hence, the amplitude data can provide an apparent-geologic map especially in areas at low latitudes with remanently magnetized bodies.

Understanding of an ‘Enlightened Planning’ Approach in Project Risk Management

This article explains the execution and delivery progression phases of the project lifecycle. It is the third phase of the project lifecycle that leads to the final realization of the project's goals. However, this essay will describe the understanding of the ‘enlightened planning’ approach during the execution and delivery strategy progress of a project’s lifecycle. The features and details in the Enlightened Planning and PMI PMBOK Guide are compared. The author explored the nature and role of basic frameworks such as the project lifecycle, the process phase structure, and key project definition questions — the seven Ws (Who, Why, What, Which way, Wherewithal, When, Where). Combining Enlightened Planning and PMI PMBOK Guide, the differences between the two approaches are given. In addition, the author elaborated the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches in current practice.

The Labor of Curating: Fandom, Museums, and the Value of Fan Heritage

The Labor of Curating: Fandom, Museums, and the Value of Fan Heritage

The multiplicity of value in the front-end of projects: The case of London transportation infrastructure

There is growing interest in the ways that value is understood in the context of projects and within project-based settings. Recent studies emphasise the multiplicity of project value in various project settings as perceived by different project actors. Drawing on previous work on project value and project front-end, this study expands on the idea of multiplicity of project value in the early project definition phase. To this end, the study draws from empirical data on infrastructure projects provision, including semi-structured interviews with a set of highly experienced and senior level informants with extensive knowledge and familiarity of infrastructure project planning and front-end decision making. The study is bounded with a focus on London, UK as an example of a complex, highly established global city with a great reliance on its infrastructure and a well-established projects ecology. Through inductive qualitative data analysis the study explores the role of infrastructure projects as solutions to policy problems, the multiple and complex nature of value in project definition and identifies three value levels, which are instrumental for project definition: local value, sector value and user value. The multi-level value framework in the project front-end extends and complements early decision making in planning and setting up of infrastructure projects.

Metadata-based measurements transmission verified by a Merkle Tree

The Data Stream Processing Strategy (DSPS) is focused on the automatization of measurement projects based on a measurement framework. The measurement adapter (MA) is an architecture component located on mobile devices aims to integrate heterogeneous data sources (i.e., sensors). The Gathering Function (GF) is the component responsible for interacting and receiving measures from the MAs, and it resides on the Stream Processing Engine (SPE). MA and GF share the project definition based on a measurement framework to foster data interoperability, while MA regulates the frequency, size, and route related to data transmission. As contributions (i) The brief data message is introduced to optimize the data transmission keeping immutable the hierarchical data organization based on the project definition, and (ii) The integrity record for mobile and SPE environments is described based on a Merkle Tree. This allows optimizing each data transaction, incorporating a historical integrity record both MA and SPE. The proposals and simulations have been implemented on the cincamimis, cincamipd, mair, and pabmmcommons libraries, which are freely available on GitHub under the terms of the Apache 2.0 licence. Four simulations are explained to detail how to measures were obtained. Interesting results show that the brief data message consumes 17.50 KB to transmit 1000 measures (2.4 times smaller than JSON), while a message with 200 measures could be generated and compressed using GZIP in 25.12 ms (2.43 times faster than JSON). 196 KB is required to keep 17 min of the integrity history in a MA, being created in 4.85 ms.

A conceptual model for finding key factors for new product development evaluation

This paper develops a conceptual model for finding key factors for new product development (NPD) evaluation. It builds on the work of the most cited and published authors on innovation management, but transfers attention from advertising aspects and efficiency, to factors identified within the NPD process such as new product project definition, a firm’s resources, organisation-product fit, and commercial entity, that would lead to success with “Information acquired” being identified as the underlying key factor. This paper presents a summary of the results of correlation coefficients calculated between the factors identified and outcome measures, derived from the leading authors’ work. Further, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the results of the correlation coefficients of sub-factors, which were modified by considering the ranking of each author.

Single-photon emission computed tomography in the scattering medium with the property of “scattering straight back”

The problem of radiation scattering in integral reconstruction algorithms for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has not been completely solved. This is primarily due to the fact that the radiation transport equation (RTE) does not have an exact analytical solution in general form for a scattering indicatrix corresponding to a real medium. A special form of the scattering indicatrix is proposed here that corresponds to a scattering medium with a property named “scattering straight back.” With this scattering indicatrix, it is possible to obtain an exact analytical solution of the RTE with exact boundary conditions for an arbitrary distribution of radiation sources. From this exact solution, a new expression can be obtained for the measured data, named as generalized attenuated exponential Radon transform. A new definition of projections is proposed to obtain an exact solution of the inverse tomographic problem. This solution has the same level of rigor as the exponential Radon transform for a purely absorbing medium. The proposed algorithm is compared with the traditional SPECT algorithm (the inverse exponential Radon transform) using Monte Carlo simulation based on the nuclear physics software package Geant4. It is demonstrated that the new method is superior to the traditional method in terms of both the standard deviation criterion and better visual distinction of the details in the reconstructed tomogram. The results obtained can be used to improve the existing algorithms for image reconstruction in SPECT, as well as to aid in developing new designs of emission tomographs.

MANAGEMENT OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL SPACE


 The article analyzes the concepts to determine the essence of the investment project. The theoretical and methodical approach to the definition of an investment project, which will provide the possibility for a clear identification of the essential features, ensure an effective interaction with internal and external dynamic environment is offered. The most common classification features of investment projects are singled out. The main features of the definition of the functions of investment management as a management system and a special area of enterprise management are determined.
 It was emphasized that for the steady positive development of industrial enterprises in a competitive and rapidly changing environment, effective management of investment activity of enterprises is a necessary condition for functioning. In addition, it is proved that in the context of the limited financial and other types of resources, the use of an integrated approach to investing is one more major area for improving the efficiency of management of investment processes at the macro level, and an integrated investment design is a system-integrated process of management of a set of investment projects that are subordinated to a single strategic plan focused on the successful implementation of the enterprise investment program. The necessity of further, more profound research of investment management in conditions of uncertainty and risk is substantiated. The next stage of the research should be the construction of a system for making investment decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk.

Concept for Enabling Customer-oriented Data Analytics via Integration of Production Process Improvement Methods and Data Science Methods

Production companies are facing the major challenge of digitization. New technical developments enable new optimization potentials in production that can be leveraged in a highly competitive market. Data analysis is a good example of this, allowing large amounts of data to be used to support production in optimization projects. For data analysis the CRISP-DM approach has become generally accepted in science and practice. This process model offers a good support for data science projects with useful data analysis methods and tools. In practice, however, it can often be observed that aspects such as customer-oriented project definition and the integration of process knowledge in data science projects are difficult to achieve. This paper will present a solution for that challenge. The combination of process optimization methods from the Lean Management and Six Sigma toolbox as well as project management methods for each phase of the CRISP-DM approach support data science projects to customize the project definition and integrate process knowledge.

Muséologie et gouvernance

Organizational structure and governance modes are linked to the definition and orientations of a cultural project. Mintzberg’s studies have shown the required compatibility between the choice of a structural model and the project’s objectives. From the law creating Quebec’s national museums to the delegation to private enterprise of the cultural management of some of these cultural establishments, we can see the impact of an organizational approach on the museum’s mission.Musems have become more complex. New professions and new specialties have allowed museal institutions to enrich their offering but also to reach different publics. The challenge remains to foster the development of these new skills while also ensuring that a common vision of the cultural project is shared. It is therefore a question of sharing responsibilities, communications, evaluation, consultation and decision-making.The museum does not operate in a vacuum. While it must develop affiliations and partnerships with its social, educational, cultural and environmental settings, it must also expend tremendous energy on its relationship with the economic sphere. The question of financing and the museal institution’s economic and structural impact remains at the forefront.A museum is an organiztion. With a project. With a team. With partners and within an environment. The museum’s direction must answer the question.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОЕКТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ

The issue of organizing and managing project activities of school students during distance learning is highlighted. The article describes the possibilities of using online services to manage the project activities of secondary school students. The article considers the organization of computer science project with the use of Trello online tool as an example. Trello allows users to visualize the project tasks and control the deadlines effectively. The article presents the definition of the learning project, the stages of work on the project and the features of managing project activities of students during distance learning.

«Большой Саров»: явные и неявные эффекты территориального размещения науки

The possibilities of developing fundamental science outside of large agglomerations, primarily in places with a high concentration of research and development, are considered. It is shown that the territorial location of scientific centers and large installations generates effects related to the diversification of the economy of cities, the interaction of defense and civil science, with forms of international cooperation, organizational and legal definition of scientific projects of the “mega-science” class, the development of quality of life, etc. An attempt is made to reveal the causes of these effects and their impact on the development of scientific activities. On the example of the project of the Center for Fundamental Science in Sarov, theoretical and practical solutions to issues related to the peculiarities of territorial placement are proposed.

СИСТЕМА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЕКТНЫХ УМЕНИЙ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ОСНОВНОЙ ШКОЛЫ

СИСТЕМА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЕКТНЫХ УМЕНИЙ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ОСНОВНОЙ ШКОЛЫ

Design tool for dynamic loading conditions: a coupled multi-level approach

Conceptualizing a sound mechanical system exposed to dynamic loading conditions throughout its lifetime is a challenging task ill-supported by current design tooling. Current approaches typically use a Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) as design specification that describes the maximum dynamic response of a single subsystem component due to a given loading condition. However, for complex systems during the early stages of the design, there is a need to gain quick insights into the impact of dynamic loading conditions applied to system level as well as to subsystem and component levels simultaneously. Hereto, in this study, a coupled multi-level model has been developed that describes all essential elements of a system. The advantage of this approach is that rather than one single SRS, now upon each element an SRS can be prescribed. Multi-level shock response spectra can be computed in a time-efficient manner and, for the first time, peak acceleration and displacement for various combinations of natural frequencies may be displayed. Hence, effectively translating how subsystems and components within a multi-level dynamic system may be mounted or suspended constructively. Subsystem components and the system as a whole can be analysed simultaneously, and the sensitivity of subsystem conceptual design choices can be examined. This allows design engineers to get detailed overviews of (sub)system-level responses due to (critical) dynamic loading conditions and multi-level loading scenarios. Design insights can be evaluated within minutes aiding to find potential configurations that match the design requirements. Moreover, the developed design tool aids in both dealing with uncertainty of requirements during the project definition phase and designing a robust system against late-stage requirement updates.

Multi-Objective Optimisation and its Application to Concept Development in Floating Offshore Systems

This paper addresses the need for a rapid, multi-disciplined and rational approach to floating system concept development and selection during the very earliest stages of project definition. It describes the implementation of a modified multi- objective Genetic Algorithm for this purpose. A formulation of the NSGA-II algorithm is combined with additional Target Functions to reduce otherwise large multi-disciplined problems to more tractable solution using tools commonly available in the design office. It also provides a rational basis for the comparison of different design solutions each of which are Pareto Optimal with respect to the technical and economic performance of each underlying concept. A specific example of marginal field development using a novel FPSO concept is presented. Starting with just the oil field location and reserves estimate, the algorithm provides the means to define preliminary hull form and production facility capacities, match performance to payload, and give preliminary indicators of likely investment performance. The method may also be applied more generally in preliminary ship design, particularly where it is possible to model economic performance alongside efficiency, safety and key technical factors in hydrodynamics and structures.

A Case Study of Risk Management of Automotive Industry Projects Using RFMEA Method

Considering the market need and customer attraction, automakers are always trying to define new projects and present products with new capabilities in the market. That is why a significant part of car companies’ development research is focused on the definition of new projects. Principally, project risk management in car companies is essential and thus given special attention. There are different theories and methods of project risk control. However, since there is complete awareness of FMEA-related issues (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) in automotive companies due to the establishment of the quality management system, the project's risk analysis using FMEA method to control the risk of automotive industry projects is presented in this paper by a real example. For this purpose, FMEA indicators tables are designed and presented proportionally to project risk management. Results of this research show that using failure mode and effects analysis for project risk management ensures the detection of project's weaknesses and provides a practical model for identification and reduction of project risks.