Definition Of Category Research Articles

Predicting vehicle category using psychoacoustic indicators from road traffic pass-by noise

A set of road traffic pass-by noises containing more than 2000 vehicles was recorded following the Statistical Pass-By (SPB) methodology (ISO 11819-1:2022). Besides the acoustic descriptors, psychoacoustic indicators (loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength) were retrieved for each pass-by of the three vehicle categories defined in the standard (passenger cars, dual-axles and multi-axles heavy vehicles). A fourth vehicle category, comprised of delivery vans, was also investigated. All psychoacoustic indicators significantly differed among vehicle categories, meaning that not only intensity descriptors but also temporal and spectral features of pass-by noise distinguish those classes. With enough instances and a balanced dataset across groups, a machine-learning classification algorithm was trained with 70% of the dataset to predict vehicle categories using the psychoacoustic indicators. Classification accuracy on the test set reached 72.5%. Accuracy losses were primarily caused by 25% of the actual passenger cars being misclassified as vans and vice-versa. Pooling these two categories increased accuracy to 82%. With more descriptors from road traffic pass-by noise than uniquely its maximum noise level, limiting definitions of vehicle categories may be overcome. As a result, measurements such as the SPB can become broader and vehicle fleets worldwide more consistently represented in terms of noise perception.

Some issues of securing claims arising from corporate legal relations

Issues of corporate relations and corporate governance are topical in the development of the country's economy. As President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K. Tokayev noted in his messages, dozens of national holdings, thousands of state-owned enterprises, and quasi-state organizations operate in the country. However, there is a question about the results and quality of their work, and only in one or two cases is the corporate governance system up to par. This suggests that in other organizations it is necessary to develop a corporate governance system. Its place in the economy is important, because due to the lack of an international corporate governance system of the appropriate level, enterprises and organizations cannot raise funds through the stock exchange. In the article, the author gives the scientific concept of "corporation", "corporate disputes", analyzes the short stories of substantive civil law on the definition of new categories of corporate disputes, their occurrence, legal entities. Suggests ways to identify actual problems related to the definition of departmental subordination of corporate disputes, namely the contradictions of departmental subordination and understanding the reasons that caused them, and their resolution. Emphasizes the features of substantive and procedural law in relation to corporate disputes. In addition, during the transitional period of the economy of Kazakhstan, changes and additions are made to some sections of the law «On a joint-stock company», which provides an effective form of management and business of a joint-stock company. Key words: corporation, corporate dispute, joint-stock company, legal entity, shares, corporate relations, dividends, earnings per share, share market price, court, lawsuit.

Theoretical and methodological aspects of determining the quality of services in the tourist business

Methods. The methodological basis of the study is such general scientific methods as historical and logical – when identifying the conceptual foundations of the study of the goods` quality through the history of economic thought, analysis and synthesis – when studying the correlation between the categories «consumer value», «utility», «value»; scientific abstraction – when establishing the essence of the concepts «quality» and «quality of tourist services». Results. On the basis of the analysis of the approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of «quality» dominant in Marxist and neoclassical economic science, its consideration from the point of view of both objective and subjective characteristics was revealed. It was established that there is no categorical definition of this concept, which is interpreted in modern economic literature, on the one hand, as a set of properties of a product or service, and on the other – as the attitude of the consumer to them. Attention is focused on the need to develop an integrated approach to understanding the essence of the concept of «quality», which would combine objectivist and subjectivist views on this phenomenon. Novelty. The dual nature of the concept of «quality» has been established, which consists in reflecting a set of specific properties and characteristics of a product or service (objective side), as well as the specifics of its individual perception when directly satisfying needs (subjective side). The definition of the category of «quality» is given as a set of properties and characteristics of the product, which form its ability to satisfy the needs of the consumer and to meet the expectations regarding it considering the real perception of a specific client at this moment in time. Practical value. The results of the study are of an applied nature, since the understanding of the dual nature of product quality allows choosing effective tools of influence to increase its level through timely diagnosis of problems in the activities of tourist enterprises and their solutions.

Evolving Risk Classifications in AML in a Real-Life Scenario: After Changes upon Changes, Is It More and More Adverse?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease classified into three risk categories (favorable, intermediate and adverse) with significant differences in outcomes. Definitions of risk categories evolve overtime, incorporating advances in molecular knowledge of AML. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of evolving risk classifications in 130 consecutive AML patients in a single-center real-life experience. Complete cytogenetic and molecular data were collected using conventional qPCR and targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Five-year OS probabilities were consistent among all classification models (roughly 50-72%, 26-32% and 16-20% for favorable, intermediate and adverse risk groups, respectively). In the same way, the medians of survival months and prediction power were similar in all models. In each update, around 20% of patients were re-classified. The adverse category consistently increased over time (31% in MRC, 34% in ELN2010, 50% in ELN2017), reaching up to 56% in the recent ELN2022. Noteworthily, in multivariate models, only age and the presence of TP53 mutations remained statistically significant. With updates in risk-classification models, the percentage of patients assigned to the adverse group is increasing, and so will the indications for allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Importance filtered soft label-based deep adaptation network

Deep adaptation networks exploit domain-invariant features of the source and target domains with some label-induced losses that need ground-truth labels as inputs. As target ground-truth labels are unavailable, existing approaches often utilize target-predicted labels that could be expressed in different forms, to formulate the label-induced losses. Specifically, the form of a hard label classifies a sample into one definite category, but it is overconfident when the quality of predicted labels is poor. In contrast, the form of a soft label gives probability values to each category for a sample, which could mitigate the overconfident problem. However, the soft label would introduce too many small and noisy probability values. Therefore, both label forms may mislead the optimizing process of label-induced losses and produce a negative adaptation. To deal with this challenge, this paper maximizes the nuclear norm of a soft label matrix to filter noisy probability values out while only preserving those important ones, to produce a more reliable form of importance filtered soft label. Then, we utilize the proposed label form to reformulate several prevalent label-induced losses in a probability-weighted manner, so that they could be optimized more correctly during the training process and alleviate the negative adaptation accordingly. Besides, we conduct the proposed scheme in a deep neural network dubbed as importance filtered soft label-based deep adaptation network (IFSL-DAN). Finally, we evaluate the proposed IFSL-DAN with extensive experiments on three cross-domain datasets to demonstrate its effectiveness compared with some state-of-art domain adaptation methods.

Association between epidemiologic case definition categories and adverse clinical outcome in patients with Clostridiodes difficile infection in San Francisco County, California: a five-year retrospective cohort study

BackgroundUnderstanding the predictors of adverse clinical outcomes following incident Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) can help clinicians identify which patients are at risk of complications and help prioritize the provision of their care. In this study, we assessed the associations between epidemiologic case definition categories and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CDI in San Francisco County, California.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using CDI surveillance data (n = 3274) from the California Emerging Infections Program for the time period 2016 to 2020. After independent associations were established, two multivariable logistic and log-binomial regression models were constructed for the final statistical analysis.ResultThe mean cumulative incidence of CDI cases was 78.8 cases per 100,000 population. The overall recurrence rate and the 30-day all-cause mortality rate were 11.1% and 4.5%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to the community associated CDI cases, healthcare facility onset (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI [1.3–7]) and community-onset-healthcare facility associated (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI [1.4–4.3]) CDI cases were found to have higher odds of all-cause 30-day mortality. Community onset-healthcare facility-associated CDI case definition category was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence of CDI (ARR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.2–2.4]).ConclusionAlthough the incidence of community-associated CDI cases has been rising, the odds of all-cause 30-day mortality and the risk of recurrent CDI associated with these infections are lower than healthcare facility onset and community-onset healthcare facility-associated CDI cases.

СИСТЕМАТИКА ПОНЯТИЙ В ОБЛАСТИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

Based on the existing requirements for the categories of concepts, terms and definitions related to these concepts, the paper proposes a classification of concepts related to information security (IS) of objects and at the same time currently possessing the maximum unambiguous correspondence with the terms denoting these concepts and definitions concepts (terms). When constructing classifications, an attempt was made to apply the basics of the theory of taxonomy (systematics), which led to the conclusion that the considered structures of concept systems as a whole will be hierarchical (the main principle of taxonomy) under certain conditions (for example, when using only concepts that belong to the categories of the subject (object), process, or property). The approach considered in the paper made it possible to formulate definitions of terms directly related to the proposed systems of concepts. This set can be considered as a terminological system related to the field of information security of the object. The proposed terms and their definitions do not contradict similar ones used in practice, they are systematic in relation to the terms themselves (definitions) and systematic in relation to the corresponding concepts, and also have a universal nature of application, which allows their use for almost any objects related to information (for example, information and automated systems, informatization systems, sociotechnical systems, cyber systems and information as an object). The results of the work are of practical importance for the educational field in the formation of a modern, methodically sound conceptual base among students.

Non-agreeing attributes in a sentence and a text

The article considers non-agreeing attributes in an oblique case modifying a noun that names a person (i. e. a person noun), an object, or space as well as their semantics, textual functions, and the problem of detachment. The aim is to show the dependence of the detachment problem on the text functions fulfilled by a non-agreeing attribute. As a rule, it is non-detached attributes which serve as a means of expressing the semantic category of definiteness. The category of definiteness/indefiniteness manifests itself as a textual category in this part of the language system. A non-agreeing attribute referring to a person is more often used when introducing new characters or a new view of them. Such text fragments are reproductive; they are usually organised by the observer’s point of view. A non-agreeing attribute can join a sequence of other attributes which it is connected with through different relationships such as clarifying, cause-effect, extending, and others. The problem of the number of attributes modifying a noun referring to a person is associated with the viewpoint issue, i. e. different extent of the observer’s interest in the depicted character. The important/unimportant (random) depicted character criterion turns out to be significant for describing non-agreeing attributes. Object and spatial nouns also function as indefinite in the context of non-agreeing attributes. Attributes modifying them name significant features of the object and convey the idea of definiteness.

Analyzing web searches for axial spondyloarthritis in Germany: a novel approach to exploring interests and unmet needs

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an underdiagnosed condition with a high disease burden. Due to delayed diagnosis and limited access to specialist care, conventional health data might not sufficiently capture the perspective of affected individuals. The aim of this study was to assess public interest, unmet needs, and disease burden of axSpA in Germany through the analysis of thematic, geographic, and temporal patterns in national web search data. Google Ads Keyword Planner was used to identify axSpA-related keywords and their monthly search volume in Germany between January 2017 and December 2020. Identified keywords were qualitatively categorized into six categories. Overall, 265 axSpA-related keywords with a search volume of 3,881,490 queries were identified. Nearly 81% of the total search volume was assigned to the category terms and definition, while 19% referred to either outcomes, symptoms, diagnosis, management, or causes. In the category outcomes, prognostic outcomes like “life expectancy” generated more searches than physical manifestations like “pain”. Less populated cities showed significantly more searches per 100,000 inhabitants than larger cities. Searches were seasonally stable with a Germany-wide peak in July 2017. This study provides an overview of public interest in axSpA based on web search data in Germany. The identified search patterns could be used to guide public health campaigns and optimize axSpA management in Germany.

Diagnostic Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging with Background Body Signal Suppression (DWIBS) for the Pre-Therapeutic Loco-Regional Staging of Cervical Cancer: A Feasibility and Interobserver Reliability Study.

(1) Background: cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths and the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for loco-regional staging of cervical cancer in the primary diagnostic workup beginning with at least stage IB. (2) Methods: we retrospectively analyzed 16 patients with histopathological proven cervical cancer (FIGO IB1−IVA) for the diagnostic accuracy of standard MRI and standard MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) for the correct pre-therapeutic assessment of the definite FIGO category. (3) Results: In 7 out of 32 readings (22%), DWIBS improved diagnostic accuracy. With DWIBS, four (13%) additional readings were assigned the correct major (I−IV) FIGO stages pre-therapeutically. Interobserver reliability of DWIBS was weakest for parametrial infiltration (k = 0.43; CI-95% 0.00−1.00) and perfect for tumor size <2 cm, infiltration of the vaginal lower third, infiltration of adjacent organs and loco-regional nodal metastases (k = 1.000; CI-95% 1.00−1.00). (4) Conclusions: the pre-therapeutic staging of cervical cancer has a high diagnostic accuracy and interobserver reliability when using standard MRI but can be further optimized with the addition of DWIBS sequences when reporting is performed by an experienced radiologist.

Synovial biopsy for establishing a definite diagnosis in undifferentiated chronic knee monoarthritis

BackgroundUndifferentiated arthritis is a condition in which the problem cannot be classified into any definite diagnosis category. Various methods have been suggested to clarify the definite diagnosis in this class. The synovial biopsy is suggested as the last diagnostic approach to determine the precise histopathological diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synovial biopsy for establishing a definite diagnosis in patients with undifferentiated chronic knee monoarthritis.MethodsThe present retrospective case series was conducted in 2005 in the rheumatology research center of Shariati hospital and the 501 hospital in Tehran, Iran. The study included the synovial biopsy of patients with chronic knee monoarthritis who did not have a definite diagnosis after all the diagnostic steps before the synovial biopsy. Pathology slides of the patients’ synovial biopsy were reevaluated with a senior expert pathologist.ResultsEighty patients with a mean age of 37.6 ± 17.32 years (range: 6–68) were included, of whom 50% were female. The gap time between the onset of knee monoarthritis and the decision-making for synovial biopsy was 14.34 ± 19.61 months. Histopathologic evaluations revealed non-specific synovitis in 65% of the patients and a definite diagnosis in 35%. The most common definite diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis (9%), followed by septic arthritis (5%). The most common pathologic findings were endothelial proliferation (89%) and synovial proliferation (88%), and the most common infiltrating cell was lymphocyte (54%). Patients with non-specific synovitis were more likely to have neovascularization, cellular infiltration (p-value < 0.001), synovial proliferation, endothelial proliferation (p-value = 0.001), pannus formation (p-value = 0.009), and fibrosis (p-value = 0.022) compared to the patients with a definite pathologic diagnosis. However, age, gender, and the gap time between disease symptoms to synovial biopsy were not significantly different between the different groups of diagnosis (p-value > 0.05).ConclusionNon-specific synovitis remains the most common histopathologic finding, highlighting the importance of physician expert opinion for most of the patients with undifferentiated chronic knee monoarthritis. Studies with larger samples and immunohistochemistry analyses are needed to clarify this uncategorized entity further.

Aesthetic Treatment Needs for Buccally Displaced Canines in Orthodontics

Background and Objectives: Aesthetic and related psychosocial impairment are the major ill effects of malocclusion. Many studieshave concluded that aesthetics, especially alignment of the visible anterior teeth, is often a main motivating factor for see kingorthodontic treatment. The objective of the study was to assess the aesthetic treatment need of orthodontic patients with buccallydisplaced maxillary canines using the “Aesthetic Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (AC-IOTN)”.Methodology: We recruited 158 subjects at Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD), with a chronological age range of 12 to 30 years.Age, gender, aesthetic grade and category of treatment need were noted for all the patients. Version 20.0 of the Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences was used to enter and analyze the data.Results: Our sample consisted of 71 (44.9%) males and 87 (55.1%) females. The mean age of the overall sample was 18.51± 4.2years. There were 82 (51.9%) patients in the “no or little need” category, 25 (15.8%) patients in the “mod erate” treatment needcategory, and 51 (32.8%) patients in the “definite” treatment need category, where most of the patients had a grade 8 need on IOTNAC.Conclusion: On aesthetic need, majority of patients in definite treatment need category fell in the grade 8. Therefore it can beconcluded that buccally displaced canine is one of the primary motivating factors for people to seek orthodontic treatment.

DESAFIOS E CONSTRUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTOS POR ENFERMEIROS NA ASSISTÊNCIA ÀS PESSOAS COM SÍNDROME PÓS-COVID-19

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: to understand how nurses describe the challenges and construction of knowledge related to the care provided to people with post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHOD: this is qualitative-descriptive research, guided by the social constructionist perspective, carried out with seven nurses in a 24-hour Emergency Care Unit located in Minas Gerais. Data were collected from March to June 2022 through recorded semi-structured interviews. Data analysis took place through the transcription of interviews, followed by a curious reading of the material and definition of categories, step-by-step, anchored by social constructionism. The theoretical framework was composed of the set of authors who helped in the analysis and discussion of the categories constructed to respond to the study objectives. RESULTS: four categories emerged from the interviews, namely: 1) Initial reflexes of the pandemic, in which nurses’ feelings of fear, concern and insecurity were evidenced; 2) COVID-19 traces, of which the respiratory sequels caused by the disease stood out; 3) Knowledge about post-COVID-19 syndrome, which detected lack of knowledge about signs and symptoms and nursing care, due to lack of training and use of protocols; 4) Care for post-COVID-19 syndrome, which highlighted the lack of knowledge about referring people to rehabilitation services. CONCLUSION: despite the lack of protocols and training provided by the institution, nursing professionals provided assistance care on knowledge provided by their experiences and the exchange of experiences with other collaborators.

A qualitative investigation of the occupational stress in the hospitality and tourism industry in Bahrain during COVID-19

Purpose. Workplace stress is a big challenge for employees and organizations. This research explores employees’ stressors working in Bahrain’s hospitality and tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design. First, a questionnaire was distributed to 172 employees, which helped to assess employees’ stress levels. Then 18 semi-directive interviews were conducted, and the data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Following the usual content analysis method, an analysis grid was made by switching back and forth between the corpus and the definition of categories. Findings. The study’s results highlighted new occupational stressors: “the pandemic stressors” and their effects on Bahraini tourism and hospitality professionals. The COVID-19 pandemic stressors are more specific to the context of the health crisis, such as the intolerance of uncertainty, isolation and social distancing, the risk of contamination, and job security. Value of the results. The results of this paper revealed different stressors related to the job and stressors specific to the pandemic. The findings will help managers implement preventive measures to reduce the spread of infection, protect workers, and improve employees’ well-being in the context of the pandemic. The results can also help set up procedures to manage crises in the future.

Category of definiteness in cognitive framing in the use of English definite article

The paper focuses on English articles which are treated as the main means of definite/indefinite reference; and defines cognitive principles which govern usage of articles. Research methodology relies on the theory of classes, its explanatory potential is analyzed as regards the meaning and usage of the indefinite article as well as the word order in the attributive group which features more than one attribute. The research also relies on the frame approach which governs the usage of the definite article. The frame is treated in terms of the non-random link (binding, bond) between the object referred to and the frame, the frame approach being also instrumental in defining metonymical transfers. Definiteness is defined by the author as the result of the speaker’s cognitive operation to assign the object some “unique” — under given circumstances — features which distinguish it from other objects (of the same class of objects). Such distinction is performed by a variety of linguistic means, such as anaphora, restrictive post-modifying attributes (cataphora), using cardinal numbers, superlative-degree adjectives, and using triggers (words or general context, in other words, a frame) which oblige the speaker to refer to the inalienable element of the frame, which is a singular object in the frame, with the definite article, without any prior mentioning it, or any other above modifier.

MULTIPLE NEGATION IN CORPUS AND DISCOURSE

The relevance of the chosen topic is substantiated, research tasks and methods are formulated, literary sources of analysis are indicated, and the compositional structure of the article is outlined. A brief overview of the theoretical material and a working definition of the linguistic category of negation are presented, the main terms are defined, and the main approaches to the interpretation of the category of negation are defined in domestic and foreign sources. The objection is considered in the views of scientists of various fields of linguistics.Attention is drawn to the historical issues of language development, namely: the use of multiple negation and its separate subtypes in different periods of the English language. The specifics and pragma-functional features of the speech of British youth are determined. Emphasis is placed on the psychological and linguistic (discourse) development of adolescents. Part of the article is devoted to the level analysis of systemic means of negation in terms of their functioning in the text. The pragmatic character of units-components of negative intensification is described.Along with the main laws, narrower points are also involved: presented, analyzed and divided into classes and semantic subcategories and idioms with negative polarity in modern English. The focus of the article is the context as an independent object of observation, which proves the undeniable pragmatic motivation of negation in modern English writing and speech. The results of the research are summarized, the main characteristics of which are the establishment of functional equality of all means of negation at each language level, in the text and in speech; and also -in revealing their unlimited possibilities for the transfer of negative information of the most varied volume.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ТЕРРИТОРИИ: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ДЕФИНИЦИИ

The article deals with the problem of defining an invariant for the category of territorial economic security. The study proposes a logical scheme to solve the problem. It consists of three research objectives, with their solution determining the direction for further research on the problem in question. As a result of their solutions, universal definitions of such categories as security and territory were developed, resulting in the authors’ definition of territorial security. Using a specified economic concept and based on the classification of vital goods, the authors propose to define the territorial economic security as a reflexive and valuable subjective determination (perception) of a physical space separated from other spaces with borders as one that is resistant to certain known internal and external existing and (or) potential exposures aimed at reducing the ability of society to meet its life necessities. With the definition proposed, it is possible to differentiate a place of the territorial economic security problem among the general problem of the territorial security.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В ЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ ДУМЦІ

In the history of economic studies, there were various concepts, theories and schools, the basis of which evolution was based on differences in the methodology and methods of analysis, in the knowledge of the subject and the object of research, the role of the nature of work and the functioning mechanism of the labor market. A significant contribution was made by the founders of classical political economy to the understanding of the labor market functioning mechanism, who for the first time began to consider the category of "labor market" at the scientific level. The definition of the labor market, given by K. Marx, was taken as a basis many years ago when researching the labor force category and was defined as the most complete and correct, and it remains so today. The theoretical postulates of K. Marx's theory still remain the basis of the modern views of the majority of scientists regarding the essence of work and the labor market. A significant contribution to the definition of the labor market functioning mechanism was made by J. M. Keynes and his school, who developed their own powerful concept of economic regulation, and the Keynesian model of the labor market and employment is based on the need for government intervention in the management of macroeconomic processes. Monetarists had opposite positions to Keynesians, denying the need for state intervention in macroeconomic activity due to the fact that the market economy is a self-adjusting system, a price mechanism that determines the rational level of employment, and the use of monetary policy tools is necessary to balance the labor market. The institutional sociological school proposes to solve employment problems through institutional reforms; she brought two modifications to economic thought – the "contract theory of employment" and the "theory of the flexible labor market", which are still relevant today. Among modern domestic researchers, there is still no consensus on the definition of the labor market and its main elements. The main problematic points that cause the most controversy remain the same since classical times, and the ways of overcoming unemployment and leveling its consequences have not yet been found, and the achievement of full employment in the economy is still unattainable, and the measures developed by the analyzed schools of economics remain relevant, therefore it makes sense to carefully analyze them in order to borrow effective mechanisms. Objective – сomprehensive definition of the labor market category in a retrospective section in order to increase its content. General scientific methods were used as research methods: comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization, analytical, descriptive, typification, grouping.

Управління оподаткуванням : формування підходів щодо визначення основоположних категорій

The article is devoted to the study of existing approaches to the definition of fundamental categories and concepts in the taxation management system, which are based on a critical analysis of scientific opinion regarding the understanding, interpretation and characterization of processes related to the organization of the state's activities and the implementation of its powers in the field of taxation and regulation of tax relations. It is proved that the categories "taxation management", "tax management" and "tax administration" are close in terms of content and etymological perception. Along with this, it is substantiated that taxation management is a broader and more complex phenomenon and functionally includes both the organization of tax process management (tax management) and the organizational and administrative activities of authorized state bodies in the field of taxation process management (tax administration). It was determined that taxation management is a dynamic scientific and practical process, multifaceted in its content, target institutions and organizational conditions, which is based on general principles and fundamental provisions of economic management, a systematic approach and analysis, and which is formed in accordance with the prevailing economic conditions at a certain point in time and is transformed under the influence of changes in the external environment and is aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the economy, society and the state. It has been established that the organization of taxation management is impossible without clear coordination of actions between management subjects, which is provided by the mechanism of taxation management. It is suggested that the mechanism of taxation management should be understood as a set of management actions of state authorities, economic management and control, public supervision bodies and professional organizations, which are implemented by them together with taxpayers in the process of paying taxes and fees and are aimed at ensuring the stimulating effect of the tax system on the socio-economic development of the state, implementation of regulatory and fiscal functions by taxes, elimination of shortcomings of current methods of tax administration, formation of an optimal taxation system. The levers for ensuring the effectiveness of the functioning of the elements of the taxation management mechanism are substantiated.

A Mixed Reality application to support the design of custom prostheses

The definition of an innovative category of implantable devices, characterized not only by a fully customization but also by improved osteoconductive and functionalized bioactive surfaces, needs to be supported by a systematic approach. In the present work, a new human-machine interface based on the Mixed Reality (MR) is proposed and focused on the implantation of a fully customized prosthesis. By means of an informal and exploratory focus group (i.e., without using a structured questionnaire), the limitations belonging to the current procedure were highlighted and a first list of user needs was subsequently defined. The MR interface was then considered to be the most suitable solution to match the gathered requirements. However, the doctors proposed also to develop a desktop interface for a finer and easier manipulation of 3D models. The proposed MR application offers several advantages from the possibility to display 3D anatomical structures and 3D models of custom prostheses in an immersive environment to the optimized communication and data exchange among the players (medical staff, doctors and engineers). A mock-up of the MR applications is presented in this work to show the results of the design stage, before the deployment of the application.