Defense Training Research Articles

Buscando al eslabón perdido del desarrollo tecnológico

Este trabajo aborda la pregunta –ciertamente ubicua en Argentina– acerca de qué obstáculos encuentran desarrollos tecnológicos, que lograron ser comercializados en alguna oportunidad, para llegar a producirse en series cortas o escalar, en el mejor de los casos, hacia la producción masiva. Se centra el análisis de este artículo en los simuladores de tiro para armas portátiles de CITEDEF –que son demandados para la formación y el entrenamiento de Fuerzas Armadas y de Seguridad argentinas–. Estos artefactos tecnológicos, que son el objeto de estudio en este artículo, integran informática, electrónica, óptica y mecanizado de armas. Merced a requerimientos específicos (legales, normativos y sociales) de cada organismo-usuario, múltiples versiones de estos simuladores han sido producidas ad hoc durante años. Se destaca en este artículo, por un lado, la relevancia de la interacción entre diseño e implementación de política pública y, por otro, la importancia de abordar la dinámica industrial de los simuladores para mejor comprender su desarrollo tecnológico.

US Policy Towards Ukraine in Conditions of the New World Order

The US policy towards Ukraine in the post-bipolar period is considered. The United States was one of the first countries to recognize Ukraine as a new subject of international law. It is proved that in the first years of Ukraine’s independence in the American expert circles the idea of its great international importance as a strategic partner was established. The United States paid great attention to the Ukrainian nuclear issue and helped to shape Ukraine’s nuclear-free status, while guaranteeing territorial integrity and security under the Budapest Treaty Memorandum of 1994, along with the Russian Federation. The United States has consistently provided support for Ukrainian democracy, reform, market transformation and national security. The US views Ukraine as an outpost to strengthen its geopolitical influence in the post-Soviet space and in Eastern Europe, as well as a unique alternative to Russian imperial policy. The United States maintained its support for Ukraine during the difficult times of its historical development, marked by a decline in democracy and an increase in authoritarianism. An important step on the part of the United States was the adoption by the Senate of a bill on the Declaration of Freedom in Ukraine of December 11, 2014, which declared full support for the Ukrainian state. Another important gesture from the US was the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions after annexation of the Crimea by Russia and the deployment of hybrid aggression in the Donbass. Since then, the United States has been providing $ 300 million in annual financial assistance to Ukraine, providing defense weapons and training to the Ukrainian military. Recently, the US has been contributing to improving Ukraine’s energy security by supporting the diversification of natural gas and nuclear fuel supplies. The prospect of further strengthening of Ukraine’s energy security should be the expansion of the network of LNG terminals in Eastern Europe. Thanks to the imposed sanctions, the US managed to suspend the construction of the Russian gas pipeline “North Stream-2”, which is aimed at undermining Ukraine’s energy transit status. However, the negative sides of Ukraine-US relations should include pressure on Ukraine by the US to prevent China’s partial privatization of the Motor Sich plant and Ukraine’s involvement in US Presidential election scandal.

Marine zoning revisited: How decades of zoning the Great Barrier Reef has evolved as an effective spatial planning approach for marine ecosystem‐based management

Abstract For more than 40 years, marine zoning has played a key role while evolving as part of the adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. The statutory zoning plan provides the primary integrating component that prohibits many threatening activities and manages the impacts of allowed human activities and competing uses by means of various zones, special management areas and other spatial management tools. How zoning is applied, however, has changed considerably since the first zoning plan was finalized in 1981. Today, zoning is applied in combination with other layers of marine spatial planning; the effective combination of these management tools provides the integrated approach, considered one of the best for managing a large marine protected area. The zoning plan provides the foundation for management of the GBR and is the fundamental component of the integrated marine spatial planning approach ensuring high levels of protection for significant areas of the GBR, while also allowing ecologically sustainable use. The paper outlines the legal and managerial contexts of zoning, providing 38 lessons that may be useful for marine zoning and ecosystem‐based management elsewhere. It outlines aspects of zoning that have worked well in the GBR Marine Park and what has changed in the light of experience and changing contexts, and seeks to clarify various misconceptions about zoning and marine spatial planning. The integrated management approach in the GBR utilizes a variety of spatial planning tools, which complement the underlying zoning; some of these comprise statutory management layers (e.g. designated shipping areas, special management areas, plans of management, fishery management arrangements, Traditional Owner agreements, defence training areas); other layers are non‐statutory (e.g. site plans). This paper is written for planners, managers and decision‐makers considering the use of zoning to achieve effective marine conservation, protection and ecologically sustainable use.

Companion interview

Carolyne Crowe is a familiar face at professional conferences in her role as a member of the Veterinary Defence Society communications and training team. She and her colleagues criss-cross the country speaking to VDS members and helping to ensure that they are mentally prepared for the challenges of practice life. Away from work, she keeps her own head in order running marathons – once completing 10 in 10 days.

Innovative ICT solutions and/within/for changing security environment. Case study – NATO DEEP ADL Portal and Social Media

The Defence Education Enhancement Programme (DEEP) is a vehicle for reform, providing tailored practical support to individual countries in developing and reforming their professional military education institutions. Through faculty development, curriculum development and peer-to-peer consultations, the DEEP Programme fosters defence capacity building, cooperative capability development and standardisation and promotes interoperability of processes and methodologies to enhance democratic institutions. With the support of more than 350 experts from approximately 75 defence education institutions in NATO member and partner countries, DEEP provides host countries with the assistance needed to respond to the most pressing requirements for modernisation and reform. In this context and based on requests from the ADL expert community in DEEP Partner countries, IS-PASP has taken the initiative to provide a NATO/DEEP-owned Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Portal to the DEEP community. The purpose of the DEEP ADL Portal is two-fold: (1) serve as a repository/ catalogue of online courses used by the professional military education institutions in NATO Allies and DEEP Partner countries; (2) facilitate ADL Designers in NATO Allied and DEEP Partner countries in the design of online courses by enabling them to: (1) exchange their expertise, knowledge and ideas on ADL; and (2) design online courses. The Portal aims at being a comprehensive solution that will not only allow the deepening of cooperation within the DEEP Programme, but also influence the dissemination of ideas in defence education and thus increase the reach of the programme. At the same time, it will create a compendium of expertise in the use and implementation of new technologies in defence education and training. Working together with Partners and sharing resources and courses will empower NATO in its objective of modernising and reforming military education institutions.

Numerical Study on Internal Ballistics Characteristics of a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor

The viability of numerical simulations to design a solid propellant rocket motor, as opposed to static testing, is discussed in this paper. The results demonstrate that an objectively more detailed insight into the processes taking place within the motor in active combustion can be gained by employing computer simulations. The abundance of readily available computing power allows complex simulations to be run on personal desktop computers, thus, saving money by eliminating the need for static testing during the design phase of the motor. The computer simulation results are validated by a comparison with test data gathered during static tests on the motor. In this study, an RM-12K solid propellant rocket motor is designed and developed, which is currently used in real-world air defence training applications, and therefore, sufficient empirical data are available. The numerical method, based on computer simulations using personal computers, is sufficiently accurate to allow for motor design decisions and an adequate substitute for static testing. Even though a single simulation can take up to 715 h on an 8-core personal machine, it is still an effective solution.

Military Defence Training as an Element of Civil Defence Education in Former Czechoslovakia

Civil defence education in Czechoslovakia was one of the elements of education and the creation of conditions for every citizen to be physically and mentally capable and willing to fulfil his or her duties related to homeland defence. The aim of the paper is to examine the basic approaches to the implementation of military defence training as one of the basic elements of civil defence education in Czechoslovakia in the period from 1918 to 1989. The historical-comparative analysis is used as a method for researching military defence training issues. This method is treated as a qualitative research tool. The individual elements that military defence training included, such as exercising in nature, field orientation practice, and marching exercises are characterized. In military defence training in Czechoslovakia, emphasis was simultaneously placed on enabling children to be in touch with nature, to toughen them up and to train their observation skills. The training was an organizational form of school civil defence education. Its main aim was to train and prepare individuals, as well as schools as wholes, for emergencies.

Przygotowanie wojskowe młodzieży szkolnej i obozy letnie przysposobienia wojskowego ogólnego męskiego na Pomorzu pod koniec lat dwudziestych i w latach trzydziestych XX wieku

In the first part of the article, the purpose of which is to introduce the subject matter to the reader, the author has made a brief description of the changes aimed at popularizing civil defense training in educational institutions in the second half of the 1920s and 1930s. A general outline of the institutions responsible for the defense training of the young generation has been presented, and a characteristics of the objectives and tasks in the preparation of young people in this field in school scout troops has been made. The author has also discussed the organizational structure of the school scout troops of civil defense, and briefly presented the curriculum for the different civil defense ranks. However, the core of the publication concerns general civil defense summer camps. In short subsections, basing mainly on archival sources, the author has attempted to present the issues related to the organization and course of these camps in Pomerania. Recruitment methods and requirements for camp participants have been described in the article. The author has presented the organizational structure of the civil defense summer camps, the military training they covered, the daily agenda and disciplinary requirements. He also described the role of civilian counsellors and educators in the process of patriotic education of young people, as well as the final exams for the 2nd rank in civil defense.

Cognisance as a Human Factor in Military Cyber Defence Education

Cyber Defence Exercises (CDX) are common training and learning tools. A recently discussed challenge in cyber defence teaching and training is the gap between the fast technological advancement accompanied by rapidly changing demands on future cyber defence operators, and the lack of science-based teaching and training methods.A growing body of evidence suggests a crucial role of human factors as a central predictor for human performance in sociotechnical systems. While this has been acknowledged in a wide range of safety-critical applied fields, there is still a lack of knowledge about the impact of human factors on cyber defence performance. The lack of conventional metrics of performance and learning progress contribute to this deficit.To address this gap, the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy (NDCA) follows a science-based educational approach that identified in a series of empirical studies cognitive-psychological predictors for learning success of future cyber defence operators. These predictors and elements of a human factors research program are deeply embedded into educational practice and include processes such as metacognition, self-regulation, coping, communication and shared mental modelling. Slow education methods and mentoring are fundamental to enabling the advancement of human factors cognisance among military cyber cadets.As a tool for efficient training, the NDCA developed and implemented a mentoring concept that involves a cyber defence retrospective timeline analysis involving expert and practitioner level mentors. The timeline differentiates between performance relevant hard- and soft-skills and leads progressively towards an alignment of Security Operation Centre (SOC)- and expert judgments of performance. The NDCA argues that this educational concept facilitates educational benefits based on insight, accurate self-perception, motivation and decreased team workloads following more efficient collaboration.

Cyber attack and defense training: Using emulab as a platform

Cyber attack and defense training: Using emulab as a platform

Asset, burden, Cultybraggan. Community site ownership in a Scottish village

ABSTRACTIn 2007, the residents of the village of Comrie, Scotland, collectively bought the site of Cultybraggan Camp and nearby hillside land through a ‘community buy-out’ scheme under the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003. A Development Trust, made up primarily of voluntary trustees from the village, manages the site. It has goals of promoting environmental awareness as well as the site’s unique cultural heritage. Cultybraggan’s history as a prisoner of war camp during the Second World War intended to hold ‘hardcore’ Nazi prisoners, and then as a Ministry of Defense training camp engenders mixed feelings from residents and visitors alike. In this article, we reflect on our findings from ethnographic and public archaeology fieldwork in summer 2017. We use the case study of Cultybraggan to problematize the concept of community ownership of cultural heritage sites, especially those perceived as having a difficult or controversial history.

National defence training of public administration personnel in Poland

<i>National defence training of public administration personnel can be broadly defined as a set of activities undertaken at all levels of public administration, aimed at preparing staff to perform official duties concerned with state defence. This paper opens with the presentation of essential areas of national defence training. The subsequent section provides an overview of implementations of national defence training at various levels of public administration and at Higher Universities. The final part of this analysis describes the assumptions of a new didactic framework of courses in defence for public administration and national authorities at the Faculty of National Security of War Studies University in Warsaw.</i>

Training the Interdisciplinary Civilian Airman

Competency Based Education (CBE) is becoming increasingly popular with Department of Defense (DoD) training and education. Air University, located at Maxwell Air Force Base (AFB) Alabama, recently identified CBE as a key factor for consideration in future training. This article discusses Air Force Competencies, analyzes the evaluation of competencies, and transfer of learning. The Civilian Associate’s Degree, currently under beta testing, is discussed as an example of the need to consider transfer of learning with respect to institutional competencies. Beta testing of the Associate of Applied Science Degree in Air Force Leadership and Management Studies is meant to pave the way for the development and implementation of Civilian Airman training. Based on Civilian Associate’s Degree (CAD) Beta Testing student data, our research examines how CAD faculty can best capture professional interdisciplinary knowledge and experiences present in incoming students. In turn, leadership and management theories will add to the student knowledge and experience. This paper is an effort to capture the utilization of previous professional student experiences while developing and updating course curriculum based upon research and Beta Test student data.

Risk factors for lower limb injuries during initial naval training: a prospective study

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of common lower limb injuries during initial defence training in naval recruits who were enrolled in a randomised trial.MethodsThree-hundred...

LEGAL REGULATIONS FOR FUNCTIONING OF BUSINESSES AT STATE SAFETY THREATENING CONDITIONS

An overview of information about binding legal regulations on functionality of businesses in conditions of higher levels of state defence alert is presented in the paper. The paper dwells on the activities of the Permanent Technical Committee linked with the scope of responsibilities concerning the supervision of the documentation which has to be prepared and proper functioning of a business owner performing the received defensive tasks. The need and obligation for carrying out defence training courses on introduction of higher levels of state defence is discussed. The functioning of a permanent duty service in the militarised units and the scope of documentation to be processed at the duty is described. An attention was paid to demands of co-operation with the Military Regional Representation on the verification of prepared cards for the performance of defence tasks including specifications of time schedules for particular imposed defensive tasks. Finally the obligations of business owners connected with preparation of complete documentation and technical specifications for maintaining the production and renovation capacities were noted in case if defence tasks were imposed.

Developing customizable defence mobile application system usability evaluation scale (Defence-Moasues using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA

A Defence Mobile Application System Usability Evaluation Scale (Defence-MoASUES) was designed to support customization of items at the construct level and to examine the construct validity of the item. The defence training system studied was an android-based application system that supported cadet evaluation and reporting. Using Defence-MoASUES, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate users’ perception toward usability evaluation (effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction measures) of android-based defence training application system. The scale’s psychometric properties of Defence-MoASUES were analysed by conducting an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) test. The sample comprised 384 cadet officers from a defence university. As a result, the customization matches the specific tasks of a defence training system while retaining comparability at the construct level.

The Challenges and Lessons Learned of Civil Defense Training in Japan

The Challenges and Lessons Learned of Civil Defense Training in Japan

Effectiveness of foot orthoses for the prevention of lower limb overuse injuries in naval recruits: a randomised controlled trial

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of prefabricated foot orthoses for the prevention of lower limb overuse injuries in naval recruits.MethodsThis study was a participant-blinded and assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Three-hundred...

Design and implementation of e-learning – the case of weapons of mass destruction defence training

The article discusses the universal principles of design methodology for e-learning courses, which were used during the development of materials concerning defence against weapons of mass destruction. According to the author, these assumptions may be modified depending on the broadly defined organisational conditions. In two case studies the author shows the possible configurations of the design team course and stages of design. Analysis of literature and the case studies indicates that optimisation of design and implementation works should be followed by competence analysis of project group members.

The design and implementation of network attack and defense platform based on cloud desktop

This paper discusses the cloud desktop technology, virtualization technology and penetration testing technology used in the network attack and defense training platform, and introduces the design and implementation process of the network attack and defense training platform. This paper focuses on the cloud desktop construction scheme based on B/S structure, and aims to enhance the flexibility and convenience of network attack and defense training platform.