Military-industrial Research Articles

Study on the Anti-Progressive Collapse Behavior of Steel Frame Structures under Close-Range Blast Loading

The steel frame structure plays an important role in strategic deployments and is widely used in heavy machinery, metallurgy, military, and other important industries. To study the impact of explosive loads on the anti-progressive collapse performance of steel structures, this paper proposes to establish the vulnerability characteristics of steel frame structures and provides a method for calculating vulnerability characterization indicators. A finite element model is used to analyze the dynamic response of steel frame structures under the action of close-range explosive loads, and factors influencing the anti-progressive collapse of steel frame structures are proposed, including the number of stories and diagonal bracing. A comparison is made between the various column types of steel structures under explosive loads, such as corner columns, long-edge middle columns, short-edge middle columns, inner columns, also in various coupling conditions. The results show that the progressive collapse of steel frame structures is greatly influenced by the position of the explosion and less affected by the amount of explosive material. The simultaneous failure of corner columns and long-edge middle columns is more likely to cause overall structural failure. The addition of diagonal bracing significantly improves the anti-progressive collapse ability and prevents the lateral displacement of steel frame structures; increasing the number of stories provides more alternative load transfer paths for steel frame structures, thereby preventing their collapse.

Development of Titanium Production in Ukraine: Evolving Prospects Based on National R&D

Introduction. The development of Ukraine’s resource potential in the field of mining and advanced processing of titanium raw materials is one of the important components of countering military threats and the national economy recovering based on new technologies.Problem Statement. The realities of wartime reinforce the importance of domestic resource involvement to resumption of the titanium products complete production cycle in Ukraine, which can facilitate integration into global value chains.Purpose. To determine the directions of titanium production development in Ukraine based on the available resource and production potential, foreign and domestic R&D.Materials and Methods. The authors have used data of statistical observations of the State Statistics Service in Ukraine, the U.S. State Geological Survey, the World Intellectual Property Organization; methods of systematic approach, economic and statistical, calculation and design, graph analytical methods, statistical comparisons and grouping, systematic and comparative analysis.Results. The possibilities of realizing resource, production, and R&D potential for deep processing of titanium metal in Ukraine have been substantiated. The directions of the Ukrainian titanium industry development have been offered. The construction of new and/or modernization of production facilities for processing Ukrainian titanium raw materials based on domestic scientific developments has been substantiated.Conclusions. Ukraine has a strategic potential to create a full cycle of titanium products production. Providing favorable conditions for attracting investment and access to capital and financial and economic instruments facilitates technological modernization. This, in turn, will help open “a window of opportunities” for Ukraine for manufacturing titanium products with high added value for the needs of the military industrial complex and other high-tech industries.

China's Effort to Secure Strategic-Economic Project: Utilization of PSC to Secure Belt and Road Initiative

The existence of the Military or Private Security Industry at the moment is very sporadic and massive—with an estimate that it will continue to grow until 2028. China is not an exception, particularly in light of the initiative known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims to increase connectivity. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a highly ambitious undertaking, but it is not immune to the numerous issues that have emerged, particularly with regard to security. There have been multiple threats, and even attacks, against BRI projects and workers; as a result, China has had to take steps to resolve the issues. China eventually discovered a low-key means to ‘exist’ after ceasing to utilize its military due to restrictions imposed by the concept of non-interference. This paper is an explanatory research that tries to reveal the phenomenon that occurs by using the existing conceptual framework and operationalization of concepts. The hypothesis then is that the Chinese PSC contributes directly to safeguarding BRI assets and employees, which then gives rise to new findings and trends in the Military or Private Security Industry, namely PSC with Chinese-Characteristics.

Study results in curvilinear motion of high-speed track machine with electromechanical transmission

Introduction. Transport and technological means based on tracked undercarriages have found their use in both military and civilian industries. Their widespread use is due to a number of advantages that contribute to the further development of mechanization of production, increasing the efficiency of transportation of minerals, and developing infrastructure during the development of new territories. Ensuring cross-country ability and mobility of vehicles with tracked undercarriages, including tracked conveyor-tractors, is possible through the use of hybrid electromechanical transmissions. One of the components of scientific research in this direction is carrying out simulation modeling of the movement of equipment. Modeling the motion process will make it possible to substantiate the energy characteristics of the electromechanical transmission of a tracked vehicle and confirm the adequacy of previously performed theoretical studies.Research methods. The main objective of the simulation was to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical studies performed. The studies in the VISSIM programming environment using typical motion cycles that equivalently reflect the operating conditions and use of a tracked machine were carried out.Results. As a result of the research, quantitative estimates of the influence of the power of a diesel generator and the charge of an energy storage device on the dynamic performance of equipment were obtained. It has been established that in order to meet the requirements for promising samples, the power of the energy storage device should be at least 2.5 kWh when using a standard internal combustion engine.Discussion and conclusion. The research results can be used to create, based on the existing scientific and technical background, a promising robotic complex with an electromechanical transmission.

Metal organic frameworks derived NixSey@NC hollow microspheres with modifiable composition and broadband microwave attenuation

The wide utilization of microwave technology across various sectors such as industrial production, medical treatment and military industry accelerates the development of high-performance microwave absorbing materials (MAMs). In this paper, hollow spherical composites composed of NixSey and nano-porous carbon (NixSey@NC) with abundant selenium vacancies were synthesized via a solvothermal process and high-temperature selenylation. The NixSey@NC composites with varied stoichiometric proportions and adjustable dielectric constants were obtained through manipulation of the pyrolysis temperature and Ni/Se ratios. The presence of abundant selenium vacancies plays a crucial role in improving dipole polarization and the composites demonstrate a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −54 dB (1.8 mm). The optimal absorption bandwidth for the composites could almost cover the whole Ku band with thickness of only 1.67 mm (5.6 GHz, 12.4–18 GHz). Consequently, this research could broaden perspectives and applications of metal selenide for electromagnetic protection.

Сахар, мины, торпеды: тернистый путь «Гидроприбора»

This article reviews A.E. Shapovalova’s monograph Mine Sugar: From a Sugar Refinery to the Production of Marine Underwater Weapons, which for the first time investigates the history of industrial enterprises that existed in St. Petersburg on the territory now occupied by JSC Concern Sea Underwater Weapon Gidropribor. The monograph is based on a solid body of sources and makes a significant contribution to the study of the industrial history of St. Petersburg and its military-industrial complex. The topics raised by the author can be considered as potential subjects for thesis research.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДУ ФРАКТАЛЬНОГО СТИСНЕННЯ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ З МЕТОЮ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ СТИСНЕННЯ

The development of the Internet, along with the availability of increasingly powerful computers and other digital devices, cameras, scanners and printers, has led to the wide-spread use of digital images. In this regard, interest in improving data compression algo-rithms, such as images, is growing. Data compression is important for both transfer speed and storage efficiency. In addition to many commercial uses, compression technologies are also of interest in the military industry, such as applications for processing telemetry data from missile inter-ceptors or for archiving terrain image data for defense simulations. Solving the problem of image compression, or, more generally, image coding, has used advances and stimulated the development of many fields of engineering and math-ematics. The article examines fractal image compression — a data compression method based on the use of self-similar patterns in an image. This method allows you to achieve a high degree of compression while preserving image details. Fractal image compression is a unique and efficient approach to data compression based on the mathematical theory of fractals. Nowadays, it has important applications and advantages that make it a valuable tool in image processing. The main advantages include: 1. Preservation of details during compression. One of the key advantages of fractal compression is its ability to preserve a high degree of image detail in a relatively small amount of storage. This is especially important in situations where image quality must be preserved with limited storage and data transfer resources. 2. Efficiency of transmission through the network. Fractal compression allows for compact images, making it suitable for image transmission over a low-bandwidth network. This is especially true for mobile devices, the Internet of Things, and other scenarios where high bandwidth is not always available. 3. Adaptive compression for different resolutions. Fractal compression allows you to adapt the level of compression depending on the resolution and details of the image. This means that it can be used to compress various image sizes without significant loss of quality. 4. Data archiving and storage. Fractal compression can be useful for archiving and long-term storage of images, as it allows you to effectively reduce the amount of data without losing important information. This is especially important for libraries, archives, research databases and other data repositories. Fractal image compression remains a relevant and valuable tool in today's envi-ronment, thanks to its ability to efficiently compress, preserve details, and adapt to dif-ferent usage scenarios. Therefore, the study of its efficiency, the optimization of the soft-ware code to obtain a faster and better compression result, is an urgent task.

Microwave assisted cobalt nickel ferrite as exhaust thrust sensor and EMI shield

Spinel ferrites have garnered an increasing share of attention in recent decades. The fact that these substances are employed in a wide range of applications, such as electromagnetic interference interference (EMI) shielding and sensor technology. Exhaust thrust sensors have an increasing demand in exhaust air circulator of automobile engine. In the present article Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 (CNF) is synthesized by ceramic route and are sintered using microwaves. The structural, optical, magnetic and morphology are studied using X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet (UV) visible, Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic initial permeability as a function of temperature has exhibited quasi single domain grain behaviour. Large stress response and exhaust pressure sensitivity are noticed for the bulk as well as micro inductor fabricated suggesting a plausible application as exhaust thrust sensor applications. The CNF exhibits a high total shielding effectiveness of 55.96 dB, suggesting that almost 99.999% of incoming electromagnetic radiation is effectively reduced by this material. Spinel ferrite CNF have excellent electromagnetic shielding in microwave region and making it very useful for military (radar and stealth) and electronic industries.

중국과 미국의 첨단산업 국제경쟁력 분석에 관한 연구

Purpose - With the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and globalization, the competition in high-tech industry has become increasingly fierce, and China and the United States, as the world's two largest economies, have attracted much attention in the field of high-tech industry. This study analyzes the international competitiveness of high-tech industries targeting China and the United States. Design/Methodology/Approach - MS (Market Share) index, RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) index, and TSI (Trade Specialization Index) were calculated for nine high-tech industries in China and the United States. The analysis period was 2010, 2015, and 2020, and the analysis data used data from UN Comtrade and WDI industry statistics. Findings - The analysis shows that China has an advantage over the United States in the computer office machinery, telecommunications, electrical machinery, and chemical industries, while the United States has an advantage in the pharmaceutical, scientific instruments, non-electrical machinery, and military industries. In the aerospace industry, both the United States and China are inferior, but the United States appears to have an advantage over China. Research Implications - The competitive relationship between China and the United States in the field of high-tech industries not only affects the economies of the two countries, it also profoundly influences the world industrial structure and innovation. Therefore, an in-depth study of the international competitiveness of China and the United States in the field of high-tech industries is of great significance.

Research on the bending and tensile mechanical properties of ceramic yarns

Research on the bending and tensile mechanical properties of ceramic yarns

The specifics of the formation of the industrial policy of the military-industrial complex in countering threats to military security

The specifics of the formation of the industrial policy of the military-industrial complex in countering threats to military security

A Critical Review on Recent Advancements in Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) have garnered significant attention across various industrial sectors owing to their remarkable properties compared to conventional engineering materials. These include low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced wear resistance, and favorable high-temperature properties. These materials find extensive applications in the military, automotive, and aerospace industries. AMCs are manufactured using diverse processing techniques, tailored to their specific classifications. Over three decades of intensive research have yielded numerous scientific revelations regarding the internal and extrinsic influences of ceramic reinforcement on the mechanical, thermomechanical, tribological, and physical characteristics of AMCs. In recent times, AMCs have witnessed a surge in usage across high-tech structural and functional domains, encompassing sports and recreation, automotive, aerospace, defense, and thermal management applications. Notably, studies on particle-reinforced cast AMCs originated in India during the 1970s, attained industrial maturity in developed nations, and are now progressively penetrating the mainstream materials arena. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of AMC material systems, encompassing processing, microstructure, characteristics, and applications, with the latest advancements in the field.

Facile Preparation of Lightweight Natural Rubber Nanocomposite Foams with High Wear Resistance.

The light weight and excellent mechanical properties of rubber foam means that it is widely applied in the aerospace, automobile, and military industries. However, its poor wear resistance contributes directly to a short service life and a waste of resources. Therefore, the design and development of high-wear-resistance rubber foam are of great importance. In this work, some nanoclay/rubber composite foams were prepared by blending NR/EPDM with different kinds of nanoclays containing layered double hydroxide (LDH), montmorillonite (MMT), and attapulgite (ATP) to indicate the effects of the kinds of nanoclays on the wear resistance and mechanical properties of nanoclay/rubber composite foams. The kinds of nanoclay/rubber composite foams were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that nanoclay has heterogeneous nucleation in composite foamed materials. The wear resistance of the composite foam materials with added nanoclay was significantly improved, and the MMT of the lamellar structure (increased by 43.35%) and LDH (increased by 38.57%) were significantly higher than the ATP of the rod-like structure (increased by 13.04%). The improvement in the wear resistance of the matrix was even higher. Compared with other foams, the wear resistance of the OMMT-NR/EPDM foam (increased by 58.89%) with a lamellar structure had the best wear resistance. Due to the increase in the lamellar spacing of the modified OMMT, the exfoliation of worn rubber molecular chains has little effect on the adjacent molecular chains, which prevents the occurrence of crimp wear and further improves the wear resistance of composite foaming materials. Therefore, this work lays the foundation for the manufacturing of rubber foams for wear-resistant applications.

Expert evaluation of dual-use technical products

Subject. Progressive and accelerating economic growth of the Russian military-industrial complex needs additional extra-budgetary revenues, which can be obtained using the creation and market sale of dual-use technical products used in the military and civilian spheres. Objectives. The great number of dual technical products, and the complexity of comprehensive assessment of the possibility of their commercialization necessitates creation of special system-wide information and analytical tools. Methods. For objective economic assessment of this type of products, we developed a conceptual method based on their preliminary clustering (grouping) and systematic classification, taking into account the conditions and possibilities of commercial distribution. Results. We identified the main features of clustering and classification of dual products, i.e. the rate of obtaining additional financial profit and economic return from commercial sales, the amount of necessary investments, risky situations and uncertainties. We developed a method to evaluate their commercial and technical potential. The expert assessment of this type of products helps specify and clarify the possibilities and the most effective directions of their commercialization already at the preliminary stage of the systems analysis, identify additional methods for their further and more accurate analysis. The developed expert assessment method can be used in the military-industrial complex, and by high-tech enterprises producing civilian products. Conclusions. The proposed expert assessment of dual-use technical products will enable to develop a system regulation for performing a pre-investment assessment of future sales of technical products, increase the productivity and profitability of defense enterprises.

Enhancing Multi-Spectral Fingerprint Sensing for Trace Explosive Molecules with All-Silicon Metasurfaces.

Spectroscopy is a powerful tool to identify the specific fingerprints of analytes in a label-free way. However, conventional sensing methods face unavoidable barriers in analyzing trace-amount target molecules due to the difficulties of enhancing the broadband molecular absorption. Here, we propose a sensing scheme to achieve strong fingerprint absorption based on the angular-scanning strategy on an all-silicon metasurface. By integrating the mid-infrared and terahertz sensing units into a single metasurface, the sensor can efficiently identify 2,4-DNT with high sensitivity. The results reveal that the fingerprint peak in the enhanced fingerprint spectrum is formed by the linked envelope. It exhibits a significant enhancement factor exceeding 64-fold in the terahertz region and more than 55-fold in the mid-infrared region. Particularly, the corresponding identification limit of 2,4-DNT is 1.32 µg cm-2, respectively. Our study will provide a novel research idea in identifying trace-amount explosives and advance practical applications of absorption spectroscopy enhancement identification in civil and military security industries.

Ensuring National Security under Martial Law Conditions: Legal Regulation, Threats, Cooperation and Directions for Improvement

The purpose of the article is to reveal the legal regulation of ensuring national security in the conditions of martial law (threats, cooperation and directions for improvement). It has been established that ensuring national security of Ukraine includes a complex of national and international measures. It has been emphasized that financing is one of the important problems in the system of ensuring national security. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. Another problem of ensuring national security in wartime conditions consists in preventing and combating corruption. Corruption destroys development of the military-industrial complex, prevents introduction of innovative means of protection for military personnel, it disturbs development and testing of new weapons, new technologies, and hampers provision of military personnel with the necessary equipment, protection and weapons. It was concluded that only cooperation can solve the urgent strategic tasks of ensuring national security in difficult world conditions and new globalization challenges.

On the role of training specialists in the medical and preventive profile for the bodies and institutions of Rospotrebnadzor of the Far Eastern Federal District on the basis of a unified educational, scientific and industrial complex

The article presents the experience of training specialists in the medical and preventive profile for the bodies and institutions of Rospotrebnadzor of the Far Eastern Federal District on the basis of a single educational, scientific and industrial complex, the successful operation of which occurred in the period 1992–2004. A number of government agencies and organizations, universities, research institutes of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences were involved in the work and participation in the complex. Based on the results of joint work, scientific and practical works were published, Health programs were developed for the territories of the Far Eastern region and individual enterprises of the leading branches of the military-industrial complex, shipbuilding, ship repair, instrumentation, light industry, construction industry, chemical industry, transport. All published documents and programs had practical significance, were implemented, and gave invaluable results in improving the health indicators of working contingents.

Evaluation Method for Technology Readiness Assessment in High-purity Metal Target

Technology readiness level is an assessment tool for technology risk control, widely used in large-scale complex engineering such as military and aerospace industries. High purity metal targets are one of the key materials required for production in fields such as semiconductors, flat panel displays, and solar cells. The technology and process are very complex, which determines the level of technological maturity and will have a significant impact on downstream applications. This article combines the needs of downstream users and establishes a technology maturity evaluation model for high-purity metal targets with "parameters-indicators-data" as the core. It develops a technology maturity evaluation method suitable for high-purity metal targets and uses high-purity cobalt targets as an example for evaluation and application practice. It diagnoses the problems existing in the industrialization process, proposes improvement suggestions, and helps target production enterprises continuously improve and enhance.

Co-sintering characteristics of W-Re pre-alloyed powder and Ni, Fe

Tungsten (W) heavy alloys (WHAs) have unique mechanical properties and are widely used in the national defence and military industries. Adding Re to WHAs can produce a good “Re effect” and improve their performance. However, the solid solubility of Re in W particles was limited in traditional sintering processes, which limited its application. This study prepared W-Re solid solution powder by pre-alloying (mechanical ball milling) and W-Re-Ni-Fe alloy with an ultimate tensile strength of 1.05 GPa by co-sintering W-Re solid solution powder with Ni and Fe powders. At the same time, the diffusion path of the Re element in WHAs and its influence on the properties of W particles and matrix phase were determined. The addition of Re can improve the strength and hardness of the alloys but hinder the dissolution and precipitation process of W in the matrix phase, weakening the W-matrix interface, and the ductility of the alloy ultimately decreases. Therefore, it is expected to enhance the interdiffusion reaction between W particles and the matrix phase by regulating the composition of the matrix phase, thereby achieving a synergistic improvement in the strength and toughness of WHAs.

Influence of solid solution treatment on fatigue crack propagation behavior in the thickness direction of 2519A aluminum alloy thick plates

2519A aluminum alloy thick plates have excellent applications in the military industry due to their superior ballistic resistance and fatigue properties. However, the delamination cracking along the thickness direction of this alloy hinders its further utilization. To address this issue and enhance the fatigue properties of this alloy, the effect of single-stage solid solution treatment (SST) and two-stage solid solution treatment (DST) on the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior in the thickness direction of the alloy was investigated. Compared to the optimum SST, the volume fraction of the secondary phase of the alloy was reduced by 28.6% after DST. The precipitated phases were finer with more uniform distribution, and the volume fraction and number density of the precipitation increased by 47% and 30%, respectively. The DST resulted in a lower fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) and an increase of 2.92% in the critical stress intensity factor value (ΔKcr). The crack propagation mode of the alloy after SST was inter/transgranular crack propagation, while it was transgranular after DST. The aspect ratio of grain and the number of secondary phases in the alloy decrease after DST. Meanwhile, the grain boundary (GB) precipitation phase spacing, the precipitation-free zone (PFZ) width, and the spacing between the secondary phases increase. These changes result in decreased crack sources in the alloy and reduced the bridging effect of secondary phases on fatigue cracks, thus improving the fatigue performance of the alloy.