Terminal Defects Research Articles

A null allele in the wdfy-3 selective autophagy gene of C. elegans .

The C. elegans WDFY-3 protein is important for cargo selection during selective autophagy and for regulating axon termination. The C-terminal region of WDFY-3 contains BEACH, WD repeats, and FYVE-like domains, all of which are required for selective autophagy. WDFY-3 also contains a large N-terminal region that is relatively uncharacterized. Currently, wdfy-3(ok912) is the only mutant allele that has been characterized for this gene. This allele features a small deletion that is predicted to disrupt the C-terminal region of the protein. Here, we used CRISPR Cas9 to produce a new wdfy-3(cue30) allele that is a near complete deletion of the coding region. We report that, unlike the existing wdfy-3(ok912) allele, this new wdfy-3(cue30) null allele causes a weak overextension phenotype in the PLM axon. Like the existing wdfy-3(ok912) allele, the new wdfy-3(cue30) null allele can suppress PLM axon termination defects caused by an fsn-1 null allele. Creating and characterizing new wdfy-3 alleles will increase our understanding of this gene and could help elucidate more of the gene’s conserved functions.

The state of the bone structures of the temporomandibular joint in dental patients with unilateral terminal defects of the dentition

The aim of the study was to evaluate morphological changes in the bone structures of the elements of the temporomandibular joint in patients with unilateral terminal defects of the dentition. The study involved 90 patients aged 18 to 44 years, who underwent: clinical examination of the maxillofacial region, cone-beam computed tomography with digital processing of computed tomograms in the Avantis 3D system, statistical processing of the results obtained. In the course of the study, two main samples were determined: depending on the side of the defect and on the duration of the appearance of the defect of the dentition. During the study of 90 computed tomograms of patients with unilateral terminal defects of the dentition and their further computer processing, the structural features of the bone elements of the temporomandibular joint were studied, the main morphometric changes of the mandibular heads were established, a comparative characteristic of morphometric parameters in the study groups was carried out. The identified structural changes in the heads of the lower jaw in patients with unilateral end defects of the dentition appear as a result of the presence of an untreated defect of the dentition for a long period of time.

Comparative analysis of the structural topography of the mandibular canal in case of bone atrophy using computed tomography

Objective. The place of CT should be noted in the study of bone tissue, which allows us to establish the features of the structural topography of the left and right mandibular canals in relation to its structures, get information about the structure of the external and internal cortical plates and determine densitometric values that indicate qualitative characteristics that reflect the type of bone density, even in its age dynamics.Aim of the research. The analysis of structural topographic features of the human mandibular canal in case of bone atrophy caused by terminal dentition defects. Material and methods. The paper provides morphometric studies in absolute values, as well as the location of the human mandibular canal with acquired adentia in the form of terminal dentition defects after paraclinical examination of digital records of 243 CT cone-digital images, which were scanned by the Vatech PaX-I 3D Green extra-oral radiography system with a scan size range of 16x9 cm, a focal spot of 0.5 mm (IEC60336) of a 14-bit gray scale with a size of 0.2/0.3 voxel. Results. The obtained average absolute values characterize the existing qualitative morphological transformations, although they require statistical analysis, but can be used in making clinical decisions on the rehabilitation of patients by dental implantation, osteosynthesis, or the use of other maxillofacial reconstructive operations. Conclusions. In case of preserved dental rows (the first group of studies) the topography of the right mandibular canal approaches the lingual surface on the ≈1.5 mm, which is limited only by the cortical layer of bone tissue, in case of acquired terminal dentition defects - ≈3.8 mm. The "morphological transposition" for the left mandibular canal in the first comparison group is ≈ 2.1 mm, however, in individuals with acquired terminal defects - ≈ 3.05 mm, with a distance to the middle from the outer cortical layer of the lingual surface of bone tissue.

Assessment of the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles in orthopedic treatment with partial removable plate prostheses

Relevance. According to a number of authors, it is known that full adaptation to complete removable dentures occurs within 3 months [3–5, 9]. The main criterion for patients getting used to removable dentures is the synchronization of the work of the masticatory muscles and, as a consequence, the normalization of the chewing function. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles in patients using the CSPP.Materials and methods. In patients of the control (n = 23) and main (n = 63) groups, electromyographic examination was performed using the electroneuromyographic system "Synapsis" (Neurotechnology, Russia). Registration of the bioelectric activity of the chewing muscles was carried out directly on the day of applying the prostheses, after 1 and 3 months, respectively.Results and discussion. The electromyographic indices of the masticatory muscles in the patients of the control group decreased within one month after the treatment and amounted to 231 ± 18.2 μV for the right and 229 ± 16.1 μV for the left proper chewing muscles. The values were also reduced for the right and left temporal muscles – 228 ± 15.2 μV and 225 ± 24.1 μV (p < 0.05). It should be noted that the electromyographic parameters in patients of the main group were comparable to the lower limit of the norm and amounted to 269 ± 16.5 μV and 256 ± 20.4 μV, respectively, after one month of treatment.Conclusions. In the treatment of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint with the use of thermoplastic prostheses, an increase in the biopotentials of the masticatory muscles is observed. In the orthopedic treatment of patients with terminal dentition defects using thermoplastic prostheses, the electromyographic parameters of the masticatory muscles are most close to normal after 3 months of using these prostheses.

A testing method with steep impact voltage inspecting the internal defects in EMU roof cable termination

A high-voltage cable terminal on the roof of a high-speed electric multiple unit operates in an intermittent impact load environment. The internal defects of the cable terminal are accelerated and are likely to cause insulation failure. Therefore, in this study, a steep impact voltage method is proposed to identify defective cable termination and establish a thermal and electric field model of the cable termination to analyse the defect development process. The results demonstrated that the interface performance of the cable terminal decreased after operation, and the internal insulation broke down under a steep-wave impulse voltage. Under the operating voltage, there was an electric field concentration at the interface between the stress layer and the insulation layer of the cable terminal that can cause partial discharge within the defect located in this part. The thermal field distortion at the cable terminal joint was obvious, and the resulting air gap reduced the interface performance. Field distortion aggravates the insulation damage under frequent thermal shock and causes insulation accidents. This study provides an experimental reference and theoretical basis for the design and operation of cable terminations.

Enhanced light-driven CO2 reduction on metal-free rich terminal oxygen-defects carbon nitride nanosheets

Exploiting highly-efficient and metal-free photocatalyst for CO2 conversion into useful chemicals is a promising pathway to solve the energy and environmental crises. In this work, through a facile exfoliation process, an ultra-thin and short-range order g-C3N4 nanosheet with rich terminal oxygen defects is successfully constructed, which presents total electron yield of 36.30 μmol g-1h−1, 3.05 times higher than that of bulk one. The results affirms that both the van der Waals forces between the C3N4 layers and the CN bonds on the periodic heptazine units could be disrupted during the sonication process, thus achieving the ultra-thin and ultra-small g-C3N4 nanosheet, which enables the improvement of optical absorption and carrier separation abilities. The π-conjugated triazine rings structure is still remained but the terminal active C radicals tend to transform into oxygen defects which become the sites to bind and activate CO2. The in-situ DRIFTS provides the direct evidence that the size regulation and oxygen-defects design strategy can effectively promote the CO2 adsorption and activation process upon the photocatalyst, thus turning out to boost the reactivity toward CO2.

Особливості топографії правого каналу нижньої щелепи людини при атрофії кісткової тканини, зумовленої втратою зубів

The aim is to determine the peculiarities of the topography of the right channel of the lower jaw in the bone atrophy, due to the terminal dentition defect. Objective. In general, for this research the method of "clinical sampling" involved sixty-eight computer-tomographic scans of the human mandible, which provide the best opportunities for diagnosis and carry proper information content for the task of this work, divided into four age groups, namely: the first group – up to 45 years old, the second group – 46-60 years old, the third group – 61-75 years old and the monitoring group – 25-75 years old, persons with natural dentition. Materials and methods. A set of research materials was conducted after paraclinical examination of digital records of 243 computed tomography cone-digital scans, which were taken by the Vatech PaX-I 3D Green extra-oral radiography system with a scan size range of 16 x 9 cm, which minimize the possibility of artifacts caused by patient movement, a focal spot of 0.5 mm (EC60336) on a 14-bit greyscale with a size of 0.2/0.3 voxels and due to the short scanning time, high-quality images were obtained. Results. Absolute values of the location of the mandibular canal of the patient of the first study group (control) with a natural dentition (48 years) in the projection: 1) 4.6 teeth in relation to: the upper edge of the alveolar part of the lower jaw (UE) is – 13.1 mm; the edge of the base of the lower jaw (EB) – 7.3 mm; the buccal surface of the body (BS) – 6.4 mm; the lingual surface of the mandibular body (LS) is – 1.6 mm; 2) 4.7 teeth in relation to: UE – 10 mm, EB – 5.0 mm, BS – 4.2 mm, LS – 1.4 mm. In the second study group, a 35-year-old patient with a terminal dentition defect, the topography of the right mandibular canal is characterized by morphometric values in the projection of the missing: 1) 4.6 tooth in relation to: UE – 13.1 mm EB – 5.4 mm, BS – 3.3 mm, LS – 1.6 mm; 2) 4.7 tooth in relation to: UE – 11.8 mm, EB – 6.8 mm, BS – 3.3 mm, LS – 1.9 mm. A 52-year-old patient of the third study group with a terminal dentition defect, the topography of the right mandibular canal is characterized by morphometric values in the projection of the missing: 1) 4.6 tooth in relation to: UE – 13.9 mm, EB – 7.4 mm, BS – 3.9 mm, LS – 5.7 mm, 2) 4.7 tooth in relation to: UE – 11.7 mm, EB – 7.6 mm, BS – 5.2 mm, LS – 4.6 mm. Topographic differences in the right mandibular canal are represented by a 64-year-old patient of the fourth study group with a terminal dentition defect, characterized by morphometric values in the projection of the missing: 1) 4.6 tooth in relation to: UE – 11.6 mm, EB – 5.7 mm, BS – 3.8 mm, LS – 4.9 mm; 2) 4.7 tooth (fig. 9) in relation to: UE – 10.0 mm, EB – 5.0 mm, BS – 4.2 mm, LS – 4.2 mm. Conclusion. The topography of the mandibular canal, and accordingly the laying of the neurovascular bundle in it, remain a guide when drawing up a treatment plan and for choosing rehabilitation procedures for patients with tooth loss, following existing and approved protocols. The analysis of the obtained absolute values does not reveal the corresponding patterns of topographic changes in the mandibular canal, depending on bone atrophy caused by the loss of the molars, in different age categories

A case of Adams-Oliver syndrome associated with c.3190_3191del and c.4491 + 1G > T mutations in the DOCK6 gene

BackgroundAdams–Oliver syndrome (AOS [MIM 100300]) is a rare, multiple malformation syndrome commonly characterized by scalp aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and transverse terminal limb defects (TTLD). Brain abnormalities and heart defects are also present in most patients. Both autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive inheritance of the disease have been observed. To date, six causative genes have been identified: ARHGAP31, DOCK6, EOGT, RBPJ, NOTCH1, and DLL4. Autosomal-recessive mutations are mostly associated with DOCK6 (MIM: 614219) and EOGT (MIM: 615297), while mutations in ARHGAP31 (MIM: 100300), RBPJ (MIM: 614814), NOTCH1 (MIM: 616028), and DLL4 (MIM: 616589) have been linked to autosomal-dominant inheritance.CaseWe report a case of AOS caused by DOCK6 mutations (c.3190_3191del and c.4491 + 1G > T), showing no signs of scalp ACC or TTLD, but with bilateral ventricular dilation and ophthalmic abnormalities. Results of whole-exome high-throughput sequencing were analyzed using a combination of pathogenicity prediction algorithms, query of variant databases, and review of the literature. Candidate gene variation sites were identified for pedigree verification.ConclusionsThe correlation between the genotype and phenotype of AOS has great variability, and the specific pathogenesis of AOS remains to be further studied.

A BRD4-mediated elongation control point primes transcribing RNA polymerase II for 3′-processing and termination

Transcription elongation has emerged as a regulatory hub in gene expression of metazoans. A major control point occurs during early elongation before RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is released into productive elongation. Prior research has linked BRD4 with transcription elongation. Here, we use rapid BET protein and BRD4-selective degradation along with quantitative genome-wide approaches to investigate direct functions of BRD4 in Pol II transcription regulation. Notably, as an immediate consequence of acute BRD4 loss, promoter-proximal pause release is impaired, and transcriptionally engaged Pol II past this checkpoint undergoes readthrough transcription. An integrated proteome-wide analysis uncovers elongation and 3'-RNA processing factors as core BRD4 interactors. BRD4 ablation disrupts the recruitment of general 3'-RNA processing factors at the 5'-control region, which correlates with RNA cleavage and termination defects. These studies, performed in human cells, reveal a BRD4-mediated checkpoint and begin to establish a molecular link between 5'-elongation control and 3'-RNA processing.

Terminal transverse limb defects with "nubbins".

A terminal transverse limb defect with absence of the forearm and hand or just the hand is an uncommon limb deformity in an otherwise healthy newborn. Most of the affected infants also have tiny digit-like nubbins on the stump of the affected limb, a finding that could represent an attempt at regeneration following vascular obstruction in early limb development. One hundred ninety-four newborn infants with a limb deficiency were identified among 289,365 births in an active malformations surveillance program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA from 1972 to 2012. Twenty-eight infants with terminal transverse limb defects were identified. Twenty-four had tiny digit-like nubbins (0.5cm in length) on the stump at one of three levels: the proximal portion of the forearm, the wrist or the forefoot. The examination of the placentas of eight affected infants showed no evidence of amnion rupture. Three of these 28 infants had associate chromosome abnormalities: trisomy 21, chromosome 11q deletion and the deletion of 22q11.2. Terminal transverse limb defects reflect failure of early limb development. Awareness of this phenotype at birth, or when identified by ultrasound screening, can provide more accurate counseling than occurs with the more common misdiagnosis of "amniotic band syndrome."

Signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in individuals with different dentition defects and unequal preservation of antagonist pairs of teeth

As a result of examination and questionnaire of 143 patients who applied for orthopedic treatment of defects of teeth and dental rows, it was found that signs of dysfunction of temporomandibular joint with preserved dental rows are diagnosed in 36—55% cases, and with defects of dental rows — in 45—90% cases. The absence of eighth teeth in the dental row does not significantly change the functional state of the dental-jaw system. A statistically significant frequency of signs of EHS dysfunction has been identified among individuals having terminal dentition defects.In patients with terminal dentition defects, each 3rd patient is diagnosed with cochleovestibular syndrome, and in each 2nd, sounds are determined in the area of VNHS when the lower jaw moves. It has been found that if 15—13 and 12—11 pairs of antagonist teeth are preserved, the signs of dysfunction are determined in 55—45% cases, if the number of teeth having antagonists is reduced to 10—5 (in 90.0% these are patients with preserved 7—8 pairs of antagonist teeth), then the frequency of dysfunction signs increases to 75.0% (t1-3=1.33; t2-3=2.00), in such patients significantly more often — in 75.0% of cases, mandibular deviation is diagnosed when opening and closing the mouth than in persons with a large number of preserved antagonist teeth, respectively 55.0% (t=2.66) and 45.0% (t=3.93) in 1 and 2 groups. Thus, the identification of such signs as crunching, clicking in the joints, hearing loss or tinnitus, suggests the presence of intra-articular disorders in such patients. The deviation of the jaw from its main trajectory when opening the mouth indicates the possible involvement of the masticators muscles in the pathological process. All this requires the dentist to carry out early diagnosis and timely orthopedic treatment.

Morphology Control in 2D Carbon Nitrides: Impact of Particle Size on Optoelectronic Properties and Photocatalysis

AbstractThe carbon nitride poly(heptazine imide), PHI, has recently emerged as a powerful 2D carbon nitride photocatalyst with intriguing charge storing ability. Yet, insights into how morphology, particle size, and defects influence its photophysical properties are virtually absent. Here, ultrasonication is used to systematically tune the particle size as well as concentration of surface functional groups and study their impact. Enhanced photocatalytic activity correlates with an optimal amount of those defects that create shallow trap states in the optical band gap, promoting charge percolation, as evidenced by time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, charge transport studies, and quantum‐chemical calculations. Excessive amounts of terminal defects can act as recombination centers and hence, decrease the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Re‐agglomeration of small particles can, however, partially restore the photocatalytic activity. The type and amount of trap states at the surface can also influence the deposition of the co‐catalyst Pt, which is used in hydrogen evolution experiments. Optimized conditions entail improved Pt distribution, as well as enhanced wettability and colloidal stability. A description of the interplay between these effects is provided to obtain a holistic picture of the size–property–activity relationship in nanoparticulate PHI‐type carbon nitrides that can likely be generalized to related photocatalytic systems.

Specific Immune Response and Cytokine Production in CD70 Deficiency.

Collective clinical and immunologic findings of defects in the CD27–CD70 axis indicate a primary immunodeficiency associated with terminal B-cell development defect and immune dysregulation leading to autoimmunity, uncontrolled viral infection, and lymphoma. Since the molecular mechanism underlying this entity of primary immunodeficiency has been recently described, more insight regarding the function and profile of immunity is required. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate stimulated antibody production, polyclonal vs. virus-specific T-cell response, and cytokine production of a CD70-deficient patient reported previously with early-onset antibody deficiency suffering from chronic viral infections and B-cell lymphoma. The patient and her family members were subjected to clinical evaluation, immunological assays, and functional analyses. The findings of this study indicate an impaired ability of B cells to produce immunoglobulins, and a poor effector function of T cells was also associated with the severity of clinical phenotype. Reduced proportions of cells expressing the memory marker CD45RO, as well as T-bet and Eomes, were observed in CD70-deficient T cells. The proportion of 2B4+ and PD-1+ virus-specific CD8+ T cells was also reduced in the patient. Although the CD70-mutated individuals presented with early-onset clinical manifestations that were well-controlled by using conventional immunological and anticancer chemotherapies, with better prognosis as compared with CD27-deficient patients, targeted treatment toward specific disturbed immune profile may improve the management and even prevent secondary complications.

Case report and review of literature of a rare congenital disorder: Adams-Oliver syndrome

BackgroundAdams-Oliver syndrome is characterized by the combination of congenital scalp defects and terminal transverse limb defects. In some instances, cardiovascular malformations and orofacial malformations have been observed. Little is written with regards to the anesthetic management and airway concerns of patients with Adams-Oliver syndrome.Case presentationA five-year-old female with Adams-Oliver syndrome presented for repeat lower extremity surgery. Airway exam was significant for dysmorphic features, such as hypertelorism, deviated jaw, and retrognathia. Video laryngoscope was utilized for intubation due to the patients retrognathic jaw, cranial deformities, and facial dysmorphism. A vein finder with ultrasound guidance was needed to place the peripheral intravenous line due to her history of difficult intravenous access. The patient was successfully intubated with slight cricoid pressure applied to direct the endotracheal tube smoothly. Surgery and recovery were both unremarkable.ConclusionsDue to varying presentations of Adams-Oliver syndrome, anesthetic and airway management considerations should be carefully assessed prior to surgery. Anesthesiologists must take into consideration possible orofacial abnormalities that may make intubation difficult. Amniotic band syndrome and other limb defects could potentially impact intravenous access as well.

An autism-associated calcium channel variant causes defects in neuronal polarity in the ALM neuron of C. elegans.

Variants of the CACNA1C voltage-gated calcium channel gene have been associated with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and ADHD. The Timothy syndrome mutation is a rare de novo gain-of-function variant in CACNA1C that causes autism with high penetrance, providing a powerful avenue into investigating the role of CACNA1C variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. In our previous work, we demonstrated that an egl-19(gof) mutation, which is equivalent to the Timothy syndrome mutation in CACNA1C, can disrupt termination of the PLM axon in C. elegans. Here, we report a novel phenotype for the egl-19(gof) mutation, whereby it causes the growth of an ectopic process from the ALM cell body. We also extend our previous results to show that the egl-19(gof) mutation causes axon termination defects not only in the PLM axon, but also in the ALM axon. These results suggest that the Timothy syndrome mutation can disrupt multiple steps of axon development. Further work exploring the molecular mechanisms that underlie these perturbations in neuronal polarity and axon termination will give us better understanding of how variants in CACNA1C contribute to the axonal defects that underlie autism.

Differentiated approach to the development of methods of pathogenetic therapy of pain dysfunction of the temporomandinary joint

The issues of structural organization, function and diagnosis of diseases of the temporomandibular joint have long attracted the attention of not only morphologists, dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, but also doctors of related specialties. Temporomandibular disorders are among the most common non-odontogenic pain syndromes in the maxillofacial region and are considered a variant of musculoskeletal pain syndrome. Based on the analysis of the results of clinical and functional studies, an algorithm for the management of patients with terminal dentition defects complicated by signs of painful dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint was proposed. Therapeutic measures, depending on the degree of painful dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, included the following stages: occlusive splint therapy; physiotherapy treatment with dynamic electroneurostimulation; prosthetic treatment of end defects of the dentition; stabilization of the spatial relationship of the jaws. Complex therapeutic measures are aimed at normalizing the functional activity of the dentoalveolar apparatus by restoring the uniform distribution of the occlusal load.

Epiretinal membrane: A review

The prevalence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) is 7% to 11.8%, with increasing age being the most important risk factor. Although most ERM is idiopathic, common secondary causes include cataract surgery, retinal vascular disease, uveitis and retinal tears. The myofibroblastic pre-retinal cells are thought to transdifferentiate from glial and retinal pigment epithelial cells that reach the retinal surface via defects in the internal limiting membrane (ILM) or from the vitreous cavity. Grading schemes have evolved from clinical signs to ocular coherence tomography (OCT) based classification with associated features such as the cotton ball sign. Features predictive of better prognosis include absence of ectopic inner foveal layers, cystoid macular oedema, acquired vitelliform lesions and ellipsoid and cone outer segment termination defects. OCT-angiography shows reduced size of the foveal avascular zone. Vitrectomy with membrane peeling remains the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic ERMs. Additional ILM peeling reduces recurrence but is associated with anatomical changes including inner retinal dimpling.

Lint, a transmembrane serine protease, regulates growth and metabolism in Drosophila.

Insulin signaling in Drosophila has a significant role in regulating growth, metabolism, fecundity, stress response, and longevity. The molecular mechanism by which insulin signaling regulates these vital processes is dependent on the nutrient status and oxygen availability of the organism. In a genetic screen to identify novel genes that regulate Drosophila insulin signaling, we discovered lumens interrupted (lint), a gene that has previously been shown to act in tracheal development. The knockdown of lint gene expression using a Dilp2Gal4 driver which expresses in the neuronal insulin producing cells (IPCs), led to defects in systemic insulin signaling, metabolic status and growth. However, our analysis of lint knockdown phenotypes revealed that downregulation of lint in the trachea and not IPCs was responsible for the growth phenotypes, as the Gal4 driver is also expressed in the tracheal system. We found various tracheal terminal branch defects, including reduction in the length as well as number of branches in the lint knockdown background. Our study reveals that substantial effects of lint downregulation arose because of tracheal defects, which induced tissue hypoxia, altered systemic insulin/TOR signaling, and resulted in effects on developmental growth regulation.

Study of the effect of inter-pass temperature on weld overlap start-stop defects and mitigation by application of laser defocusing

Laser keyhole initiation and termination-related defects, such as cracking and keyhole cavities due to keyhole collapse, are a well-known issue in laser keyhole welding of thick section steels. In longitudinal welding, run-on and run-off plates are used to avoid this problem. However, such an approach is not applicable in circumferential welding where start/stop defects remain within the workpiece. These issues can hinder industry from applying laser keyhole welding for circumferential welding applications. In this paper, the effect of inter-pass temperature on laser keyhole initiation and termination at the weld overlap start-stop region was investigated. This study has identified that defects occurring within this region were due to laser termination rather than laser initiation because of keyhole instabilities regardless of the thermal cycle. The laser termination defects were mitigated by applying a laser defocusing termination regime to reduce the keyhole depth gradually and control the closure of the keyhole.

Workmanship defect classification in medium voltage cable terminations with convolutional neural network

This paper presents a method based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying workmanship defects located in 36 kV cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable terminations. The main contributions of the study are to differentiate the poor workmanship defects without a hand-crafted feature extraction process, and to propose a new input type for the partial discharge (PD) recognition algorithm. Experiments are carried out on two different datasets, each of which has five typical cable termination defects. A database comprised of 1200 phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) defect patterns are generated, and each PRPD fingerprint recorded for 30 s is converted into an RGB image for inputting them to the CNN. Three case studies are created to increase the robustness of the algorithm by using the two datasets. The algorithm hyperparameters are optimized to improve the performance of CNN. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the state-of-art CNN algorithms used in the literature. The results show that the proposed method is viable for determining the types of potential defects in the cable terminations.