Deep Origin Research Articles

Genomic, morphological, and physiological insights into coral acclimation along the depth gradient following an in situ reciprocal transplantation of planulae

Mesophotic coral reefs have been proposed as refugia for corals, providing shelter and larval propagules for shallow water reefs that are disproportionately challenged by global climate change and local anthropogenic stressors. For mesophotic reefs to be a viable refuge, firstly, deep origin larvae must survive on shallow reefs and, secondly, the two environments must be physically connected. This study tested the first condition. Planulae of the reef-building coral Stylophora pistillata from 5–8 and 40–44 m depth in the Gulf of Aqaba were tested in a long-term reciprocal transplantation experiment for their ability to settle and acclimate to depth in situ. We assessed survival rates, photochemical, physiological, and morphological characteristics in juveniles grown at either their parental origin or transplantation depth. Differences in gene expression patterns were compared between mesophotic and shallow corals at the adult, juvenile, and planula life stages. We found high mortality rates among all mesophotic-origin planulae, irrespective of translocation depth. Gene expression patterns suggested that deep planulae lacked settlement competency and experienced increased developmental stress upon release. For surviving shallow origin juveniles, symbiont photochemical acclimation to depth occurred within 8 days, with symbiont communities showing changes in photochemical traits without algal symbiont shuffling. However, coral host physiological and morphological acclimation towards the typical deep phenotype was incomplete within 60 days. Gene expression was influenced by both life stage and depth. A set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with initial stress responses following transplantation, latent stress response, and environmental effects of depth was identified. This study therefore refutes the Deep Reef Refugia Hypothesis, as the potential for mesophotic-origin S. pistillata planulae to recruit to the shallow reef is low. The potential remains for shallow planulae to survive at mesophotic depths.

Shared semantics: Exploring the interface between human and chimpanzee gestural communication

Striking similarities across ape gestural repertoires suggest shared phylogenetic origins that likely provided a foundation for the emergence of language. We pilot a novel approach for exploring possible semantic universals across human and nonhuman ape species. In a forced‐choice task, n = 300 participants watched 10 chimpanzee gesture forms performed by a human and chose from responses that paralleled inferred meanings for chimpanzee gestures. Participants agreed on a single meaning for nine gesture forms; in six of these the agreed form‐meaning pair response(s) matched those established for chimpanzees. Such shared understanding suggests apes' (including humans') gesturing shares deep evolutionary origins.

Государственное управление процессами противодействия коррупции: теоретико-методологические и политико-правовые аспекты

The authors explore current problems of public administration of processes related to combating corruption, focusing on its theoretical, methodological, political and legal aspects. This is due to the fact that the society has formed a demand to ensure resolute counteraction to corruption, the spread of which creates an existential threat to Russian society. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the efforts of the government, business and civil society, including the scientific and expert community, aimed at solving this problem. Special attention is paid to the search and use of adequate theoretical and methodological approaches to the corruption problem, which has a complex nature, and the development of effective anti-corruption technologies. In this regard, a critical analysis was carried out and the inconsistency of biologizing and sociologizing interpretations of corruption, recognition of its “eternal” nature, etc., was shown, which leads to the development and use of ineffective anticorruption tools. On the contrary, heuristic possibilities of dialectical, concrete-historical and interdisciplinary approaches to the development of anti-corruption system are postulated. It is concluded that the deep origins, causes and factors that generate corruption in modern Russia are rooted in the model of social structure chosen in the 1990s. The necessity of developing and implementing an updated state anti-corruption policy in the context of ongoing and expected socio-economic and political transformations is substantiated. It is shown that the updated anti-corruption policy should be implemented in dialectical unity with the state policy on the preservation and strengthening of traditional spiritual and moral values.

New views on price-making markets and the capitalist impulse: beyond Polanyi

Anthropologists have persistently diminished the importance of the market and marketplace exchange in premodern, preindustrial times. This strident anti-market mentality, derived largely from the writings of Karl Polanyi, underpins an ideological and politicized argument that neither sets useful guideposts to advance anthropological research, nor does it yield the necessary insights or empirically valid foundations to comprehend the deep historical origins of modern economies or polities. In fact, by envisioning the past that is categorically caged from the modern, the school of thought crystalized through Polanyi's perspectives circumvents the role of diachronic processes that are at the heart of a truly historical social science. Although it is not our principal aim to relitigate the vast literature pertaining to the rise and fall of Polanyian thought, our approach expands on prior arguments about his project both by highlighting critical perspectives on capitalism that long predated Polanyian thought and by identifying a veritable bounty of new evidence and theory concerning premodern and contemporary marketplace economies that enable us to transcend these now-entrenched claims. The scheme we present that distinguishes between open and competitive marketplaces, on the one hand, and the capitalist impulse, on the other, we believe, adds depth and breadth to the analysis of price-making markets and their divergent social and economic outcomes across time and space.

Multi-isotopic composition (Li and B isotopes) and hydrochemistry characterization of the Lakko Co Li-rich salt lake in Tibet, China: Origin and hydrological processes

A comprehensive comprehension of the origin and ore-forming process of lithium brine deposits is imperative prior to engaging in lithium resource exploration, development and utilization. Nevertheless, the provenance of lithium in salt lakes has always been controversial. The lithium and boron (Li and B) isotopes, which serve as discerning geochemical tracers, can facilitate the monitoring of geological processes and sources. In this study, we investigated the hydrochemistry, Li and B isotope characteristics of surface brine and recharge river samples collected from the Lakko Co on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. The dissolved Li concentrations range from 0.11 to 590.8 mg/L, δ7Li and δ11B values exhibit a range of 0.75∼8.11 ‰ and -18.29∼-4.01 ‰, respectively. Concentrations of elements such as Rb, and Cu are relatively high and exhibit a strong correlation with Li. Ions composition and content ratios indicate the deep origin of Li and B. The analysis of δ7Li and δ11B suggests that, apart from hot spring, weathering of surrounding rocks also contributes to the presence of Li and B. Besides, variations in δ11B values within the lake brine analysis may be attributed to the deposition of water Magnesite at the lake bottom. The findings suggest that the recharge water system and hot springs serve as the primary source of Li and B in Lakko Co. Additionally, the interaction between water and rock in the deep crust as well as chemical weathering in the shallow environment, significantly contribute to formation of Li-rich fluids. The transportation process is characterized by the precipitation of secondary mineral, resulting in an increase of δ7Li and δ11B. Furthermore, the presence of water Magnesite in the lake brine leads to fluctuations in δ11B. This investigation of the lake contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the origins and mechanisms involved in the transportation and storage of lithium in lithium-rich salt lakes.

Revisiting the origins of the Sobemovirus genus: A case for ancient origins of plant viruses.

The discrepancy between short- and long-term rate estimates, known as the time-dependent rate phenomenon (TDRP), poses a challenge to extrapolating evolutionary rates over time and reconstructing evolutionary history of viruses. The TDRP reveals a decline in evolutionary rate estimates with the measurement timescale, explained empirically by a power-law rate decay, notably observed in animal and human viruses. A mechanistic evolutionary model, the Prisoner of War (PoW) model, has been proposed to address TDRP in viruses. Although TDRP has been studied in animal viruses, its impact on plant virus evolutionary history remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the consequences of TDRP in plant viruses by applying the PoW model to reconstruct the evolutionary history of sobemoviruses, plant pathogens with significant importance due to their impact on agriculture and plant health. Our analysis showed that the Sobemovirus genus dates back over four million years, indicating an ancient origin. We found evidence that supports deep host jumps to Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae occurring between tens to hundreds of thousand years ago, followed by specialization. Remarkably, the TDRP-corrected evolutionary history of sobemoviruses was extended far beyond previous estimates that had suggested their emergence nearly 9,000 years ago, a time coinciding with the Neolithic period in the Near East. By incorporating sequences collected through metagenomic analyses, the resulting phylogenetic tree showcases increased genetic diversity, reflecting a deep history of sobemovirus species. We identified major radiation events beginning between 4,600 to 2,000 years ago, which aligns with the Neolithic period in various regions, suggesting a period of rapid diversification from then to the present. Our findings make a case for the possibility of deep evolutionary origins of plant viruses.

The Birth of Logic Out of the Spirit of Democracy

This paper advances a version of the theory whereby logic had deep origins in democracy, by re-reading Gorgias’ Encomium of Helen. Democracy, ‘the government by debate’, called political (and scientific) attention to the inferential abilities of citizens and to politicians’ ability of taking advantage of them. Sophists, in particular, discovered that people’s inferences follow constant repeatable forms, that these forms have impact on choices and decisions concerning public good, and then by dominating them you dominate politics in democracy. With the Encomium Gorgias launched these ideas, so laying the ground for Aristotle’s science of deduction.

Martin Romberg’s Choral Music: Stylistic Features

Contemporary choral music from Scandinavia increasingly attracts the attention of performing groups both abroad and in Russia due to its deep originality and distinctiveness. The article examines the choral work of the contemporary Norwegian composer Martin Romberg, whose work is characterised by Neo-Romantic poetics and style. Three of his choral cycles are subjected to detailed analysis: Aradia (2012), Rúnatal (2012), and Requiem of Runes (2022). The themes of the works reflect the Norwegian composer’s interest in mysticism and mythology, as well as in archetypal motifs and plots. The relationship between words and music in his choral compositions is structured according to traditional concepts. The features of the modal-intonation sphere and the structural organisation of the works are determined both by the general artistic concept and by the phonetic properties of the language of the poetic sources, including the specifics of their verse organisation (for example, alliterative versification). Along with a general reliance on a Romantic tonal idiom, Romberg’s musical language reveals elements of medieval modal archaism, jazz, and Russian song, which are intertwined in an organic unity. The compositions of the 2010s use elements of phonemic composition techniques and Klangfarbenmelodie [“sound-colour melody”], along with various phonic approaches. In the later work (Requiem), the choral writing is simplified, but the interest in timbral experiments remains, as manifested in the unusually low tessitura of the sound of all the voices, which is conditioned by ideas of “depth” and “ascension” of register.

Two-pyroxene intergrowth exsolution textures in ophiolitic chromites: implications for the deep mantle origin of the Mirdita ophiolite, Albania

Increasing mineralogical and textural evidence from podiform chromitites in ophiolites suggests their ultra-high-pressure origin (>150 km), challenging conventional models for their formation under low-pressure conditions (<60 km) in the upper mantle. However, this challenge remains controversial due to a lack of in situ mineralogical evidence. Here, we report new data and observations from the Skenderbeu massif in the Mirdita ophiolite, Albania. Transmission electron microscopy shows that these chromitites (Cr# = 41.8–43.2) have numerous exsolution lamellae of diopsidic clinopyroxene and orthoenstatite. These lamellae have a crystallographic topotaxy relationship with the host chromite, i.e. (020) Cpx ∥ ( 2 2 ¯ 0 ) Chr , ( 2 ¯ 00 ) Cpx ∥ (111) Chr and (010) Opx ∥ ( 2 2 ¯ 0 ) Chr , (200) Opx ∥ ( 2 2 ¯ 0 ) Chr , indicating an exsolution origin. The abundant presence of pyroxene exsolution lamellae in the centre of the host chromites implies the incorporation of Si 4+ and Ca 2+ cations in the precursor chromite, a CaFe 2 O 4 -structured high-pressure polymorph that is stable at >12.5 GPa (i.e. 380 km deep). These in situ nanoscale observations and their geological occurrence, together with previously discovered ophiolitic diamonds in the Mirdita ophiolite, suggest a much deeper origin for ophiolitic chromitites than conventional interpretations and provide a valuable opportunity to understand the composition of the deep mantle. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Ophiolites, melanges and blueschists collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/ophiolites-melanges-and-blueschists

Insular lobe epilepsy. Part 1: semiology

The insula is often referred to as "the fifth lobe" of the brain, and its accessibility used to be very limited due to the deep location under the opercula as well as the sylvian vasculature. It was not until the availability of modern stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) technique that the intracranial electrodes could be safely and chronically implanted within the insula, thereby enabling anatomo-electro-clinical correlations in seizures of this deep origin. Since the first report of SEEG-recorded insular seizures in late 1990s, the knowledge of insular lobe epilepsy (ILE) has rapidly expanded. Being on the frontline for the diagnosis and management of epilepsy, neurologists should have a precise understanding of ILE to differentiate it from epilepsies of other lobes or non-epileptic conditions. Owing to the multimodal nature and rich anatomo-functional connections of the insula, ILE has a wide range of clinical presentations. The following symptoms should heighten the suspicion of ILE: somatosensory symptoms involving a large/bilateral cutaneous territory or taking on thermal/painful character, and cervico-laryngeal discomfort. The latter ranges from slight dyspnea to a strong sensation of strangulation (laryngeal constriction). Other symptoms include epigastric discomfort/nausea, hypersalivation, auditory, vestibular, gustatory, and aphasic symptoms. However, most of these insulo-opercular symptoms can easily be masked by those of extra-insular seizure propagation. Indeed, sleep-related hyperkinetic (hypermotor) epilepsy (SHE) is a common clinical presentation of ILE, which shows predominant hyperkinetic and/or tonic-dystonic features that are often indistinguishable from those of fronto-mesial seizures. Subtle objective signs, such as constrictive throat noise (i.e., laryngeal constriction) or aversive behavior (e.g., facial grimacing suggesting pain), are often the sole clue in diagnosing insular SHE. Insular-origin seizures should also be considered in temporal-like seizures without frank anatomo-electro-clinical correlations. All in all, ILE is not the epilepsy of an isolated island but rather of a crucial hub involved in the multifaceted roles of the brain.

Laparoscopic resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection for treating gastric ectopic pancreas.

Gastric ectopic pancreas (GEP) is a rare developmental abnormality that refers to the existence of pancreatic tissue in the stomach with no anatomical relationship with the main pancreas. It is usually difficult to diagnose through histological examination, and the choice of treatment method is crucial. To describe the endoscopic ultrasound characteristics of GEP and evaluate the value of laparoscopic resection (LR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Forty-nine patients with GEP who underwent ESD and LR in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from May 2018 to July 2023 were retrospectively included. Data on clinical characteristics, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), ESD, and LR were collected and analyzed. The characteristics of EUS and the efficacy of the two treatments were analyzed. The average age of the patients was 43.31 ± 13.50 years, and the average maximum diameter of the lesions was 1.55 ± 0.70 cm. The lesion originated from the mucosa in one patient (2.04%), from the submucosa in 42 patients (85.71%), and from the muscularis propria in 6 patients (12.25%). Twenty-nine patients (59.20%) with GEP showed umbilical depression on endoscopy. The most common initial symptom of GEP was abdominal pain (40.82%). Tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA-19-9), were generally within the normal range. One patient (2.04%) with GEP had increased CEA and CA-19-9 levels. However, no cancer tissue was found on postoperative pathological examination, and tumor markers returned to normal levels after resecting the lesion. There was no significant difference in surgery duration (72.42 ± 23.84 vs 74.17 ± 12.81 min) or hospital stay (3.70 ± 0.91 vs 3.83 ± 0.75 d) between the two methods. LR was more often used for patients with larger tumors and deeper origins. The amount of bleeding was significantly higher in LR than in ESD (11.28 ± 16.87 vs 16.67 ± 8.76 mL, P < 0.05). Surgery was associated with complete resection of the lesion without any serious complications; there were no cases of recurrence during the follow-up period. GEP has unique characteristics in EUS. LR and ESD seem to be good choices for treating GEP. LR is better for large GEP with a deep origin. However, due to the rarity of GEP, multicenter large-scale studies are needed to describe its characteristics and evaluate the safety of LR and ESD.

The 3‐Week‐Long Transport History and Deep Tropical Origin of the 2021 Extreme Heat Wave in the Pacific Northwest

AbstractThe heat wave in late June of 2021 (PNW21) set new temperature records in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). In Lytton the highest temperature ever recorded in Canada was measured. Several studies have already explored this extreme event in detail, however, here we compare the atmospheric air mass transport and heating processes associated with this heat wave with the 34 other most extreme heat events in the same region during the period 1960–2021, using a long backtracking time of 25 days. We found significant differences in the heat waves. During PNW21 most of the air was coming from the Philippine Sea, with more than 40% of the air located south of 15°N, and anomalous advection of sensible and latent heat from the Tropics was the dominant cause of PNW21. The latent heat was efficiently converted into sensible heat by precipitation, which was unique, as most other extremes experienced net diabatic cooling.

Multi-scale anisotropy in NE China: Evidence for localized mantle upwelling

It is commonly proposed that the subduction of the Pacific plate has been responsible for widespread Holocene intraplate volcanism across NE China and the Korean Peninsula. Yet, how this process drives volcanism and even if it plays a critical role remains a topic of vigorous debate. In this study, using seismic data from four networks across NE China and northern Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), we analyze shear wave splitting in converted P to S-waves at the Moho (Pms), S-waves from the subducted slab interface (local S), and SKS phases. The Pms phases show a relatively weak crustal anisotropy (<0.25 s), with fast polarization directions aligned sub-parallel to major tectonic features. For the local S and SKS phases, fast polarization directions show significant lateral variations. We further perform a quantitative inversion to show that the depth of the anisotropy is ∼150 km, thus driven by flow within the asthenosphere associated with Pacific subduction. However, the presence of many null SKS splitting phases, together with scattered local S anisotropy across a wide range of incidence angles suggests a localized region of vertical flow directly beneath Changbaishan volcano. Such patterns correspond well to regional upper-mantle seismic velocity structure, and suggest that a localized upwelling with a relatively deep origin drives volcanism in the Changbaishan region. Furthermore, we infer that this mantle upwelling is deflected to the SW beneath Changbaishan and spreads asymmetrically at the base of the lithosphere, possibly because of the long history of volcanism in the region.

Control of stem cell behavior by CLE-JINGASA signaling in the shoot apical meristem in Marchantia polymorpha

Land plants undergo indeterminate growth by the activity of meristems in both gametophyte (haploid) and sporophyte (diploid) generations. In the sporophyte of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the apical meristems are located at the shoot and root tips in which a number of regulatory gene homologs are shared for their development, implying deep evolutionary origins. However, little is known about their functional conservation with gametophytic meristems in distantly related land plants such as bryophytes, even thoughgenomic studies have revealed that the subfamily-level diversity of regulatory genes is mostly conserved throughout land plants. Here, we show that a NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) domain transcription factor, JINGASA (MpJIN), acts downstream of CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ESR-related (CLE) peptide signaling and controls stem cell behavior in the gametophytic shoot apical meristem of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. In the meristem, strong MpJIN expression was associated with the periclinal cell division at the periphery of the stem cell zone (SCZ), whereas faint MpJIN expression was found at the center of the SCZ. Time course observation indicates that the MpJIN-negative cells are lost from the SCZ and respecified de novo at two separate positions during the dichotomous branching event. Consistently, the induction of MpJIN results in ectopic periclinal cell division in the SCZ and meristem termination. Based on the comparative expression data, we speculate that the function of JIN/FEZ subfamily genes was shared among the shoot apical meristems in the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in early land plants but was lost in certain lineages, including the flowering plant A.thaliana.

Uncoupled evolution of the Polycomb system and deep origin of non-canonical PRC1

Polycomb group proteins, as part of the Polycomb repressive complexes, are essential in gene repression through chromatin compaction by canonical PRC1, mono-ubiquitylation of histone H2A by non-canonical PRC1 and tri-methylation of histone H3K27 by PRC2. Despite prevalent models emphasizing tight functional coupling between PRC1 and PRC2, it remains unclear whether this paradigm indeed reflects the evolution and functioning of these complexes. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the presence or absence of cPRC1, nPRC1 and PRC2 across the entire eukaryotic tree of life, and find that both complexes were present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). Strikingly, ~42% of organisms contain only PRC1 or PRC2, showing that their evolution since LECA is largely uncoupled. The identification of ncPRC1-defining subunits in unicellular relatives of animals and fungi suggests ncPRC1 originated before cPRC1, and we propose a scenario for the evolution of cPRC1 from ncPRC1. Together, our results suggest that crosstalk between these complexes is a secondary development in evolution.

Components of iron–Sulfur cluster assembly machineries are robust phylogenetic markers to trace the origin of mitochondria and plastids

Establishing the origin of mitochondria and plastids is key to understand 2 founding events in the origin and early evolution of eukaryotes. Recent advances in the exploration of microbial diversity and in phylogenomics approaches have indicated a deep origin of mitochondria and plastids during the diversification of Alphaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, respectively. Here, we strongly support these placements by analyzing the machineries for assembly of iron–sulfur ([Fe–S]) clusters, an essential function in eukaryotic cells that is carried out in mitochondria by the ISC machinery and in plastids by the SUF machinery. We assessed the taxonomic distribution of ISC and SUF in representatives of major eukaryotic supergroups and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships with their prokaryotic homologues. Concatenation datasets of core ISC proteins show an early branching of mitochondria within Alphaproteobacteria, right after the emergence of Magnetococcales. Similar analyses with the SUF machinery place primary plastids as sister to Gloeomargarita within Cyanobacteria. Our results add to the growing evidence of an early emergence of primary organelles and show that the analysis of essential machineries of endosymbiotic origin provide a robust signal to resolve ancient and fundamental steps in eukaryotic evolution.

Detecting gas upwelling hazards in coastal areas through integration of active and passive electrical and seismic methods (Fiumicino, Central Italy)

The accurate location of gas upwelling flows is still an open problem for non-invasive imaging techniques in populated areas. Gas blowouts of deep origin may represent a serious threat to human health in urban areas and should be correctly imaged with high-resolution for assessing the related hazards. In this work, we propose an integration of active (electrical resistivity tomography and high-resolution sub-bottom profiling complemented with the multibeam bathymetry) and passive (self-potential and ambient noise recordings) geophysical methods to image gas upwelling flows in the coastal area of Fiumicino (Central Italy), where the gas presence is well-documented by previous works. We demonstrate that merging seismic sub-bottom profiling and electrical resistivity tomography has enormous diagnostic potential for gas detection, since they combine the high resolution needed to correctly image the subsurface and the interfaces between different media with the high diagnostic capability of electrical methods to detect anomalies associated with the gas emissions. Passive seismic methods complement the analysis enabling an estimation of the shear-wave velocity through array measurements. Finally, the reconstruction of the natural electrical sources, inferred from the inversion of self-potential data, confirms the location of the near-surface gas upwelling flows assessed through the resistivity model. This work demonstrates that the integration of high-resolution active and passive seismic and electrical methods can be an effective choice for the accurate location of risk-prone areas by imaging the near surface gas pathways where borehole drilling is strongly limited if not forbidden.

DIALOGUE IN DEEP KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT'S PSYCHE

The article presents the results of the functioning of groups of active socio-psychological cognition, which is based on the dialogic interaction of the psychologist with the respondent. Dialogue is interconnected with the mechanism of participation (complicity), which is effective both for understanding the essence of psychoimages and the relationships between them. Objectification is a necessary prerequisite for ensuring the integrity of cognition of the subject's psyche, taking into account both the language of the conscious (word) and the language of the unconscious (objectified means of self-presentation). The article reveals the methodological prerequisites for conducting the psychoanalytic process (with the aim of harmonizing the conscious and unconscious factors of the psyche) in its diagnostic and corrective essence of obedience to the law: «positive disintegration of the psyche (weakening of destructive formations of the psyche) and its secondary integration on a more realistic basis». The ASPC method expands the subject's adaptability reserves thanks to self-knowledge through the symbols of the objective world. In-depth knowledge contributes to the resolution of the internal stabilized contradiction of the psyche, which is a personal problem. The dialogic interaction of the psychologist with the respondent in the «P ↔ P» system is subject to the methodology of in-depth knowledge of the psyche, in which the mechanisms of positive disintegration of the psyche and its secondary integration at a higher level of the subject's mental development play a leading role. The latter explains the dual task of actualizing mental processes by the ASPC method: on the one hand, the spontaneity of the behavior of the participants of in-depth knowledge, and on the other hand, the continuity of dialogic interaction between the psychologist and the respondent, which contributes to the weakening of distortions of socio-perceptual reality. The material of the article is based on the principle of determinism: nothing happens «just like that" in the psyche; the dialogic interaction of the psychologist with the respondent is aimed at «deciphering» the visualized self-presenters, with the aim of actualizing the processes of psychocorrection, which contributes to the optimization of the functioning of the psyche. The purpose of the article is to learn about the fixations of the psyche, which dominate the initiatives of the conscious in terms of energy activity. Dialogue in deep learning is the central chain that connects the visualized means of self-presentation of ASPC participants with their verbal interpretations in dialogue. The results of future psychologists undergoing the diagnostic and corrective process in ASPC groups are related to their knowledge of the deep origins of the internal contradictions of the human psyche, which are manifested in different orientations of the «logic of the conscious» and the «logic of the unconscious». Recognizing and helping the subject solve the personal problems of the psyche revealed in ASPC requires the awakening of the instinct of self-preservation, which strengthens the adaptability of future psychologists to the realities of life and expands their opportunities for personal and professional self-realization. Conclusion. Our research in ASPC groups proved the ability of the psyche to recode into visualized means by preserving informational equivalents; the prospects for further optimization of deep cognition in its diagnostic and corrective parameters are outlined, which is implemented through the psychologist's dialogue with the respondent. Our introduction of the fundamental principle of «visualized self-presentation of the psyche by the participants of the ASPC » creates objective prerequisites for dialogic interaction between the psychologist and the respondent, which is revealed in the article.

Small RNA profiling reveals that an ovule-specific microRNA, cja-miR5179, targets a B-class MADS-box gene in Camellia japonica.

The functional specialization of microRNA and its target genes is often an important factor in the establishment of spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression that are essential to plant development and growth. In different plant lineages, understanding the functional conservation and divergence of microRNAs remains to be explored. To identify small regulatory RNAs underlying floral patterning, we performed a tissue-specific profiling of small RNAs in various floral organs from single and double flower varieties (flowers characterized by multiple layers of petals) in Camellia japonica. We identified cja-miR5179, which belongs to a deeply conserved microRNA family that is conserved between angiosperms and basal plants but frequently lost in eudicots. We characterized the molecular function of cja-miR5179 and its target - a B-function MADS-box gene - through gene expression analysis and transient expression assays. We showed that cja-miR5179 is exclusively expressed in ovule tissues at the early stage of floral development. We found that cja-miR5179 targets the coding sequences of a DEFICIENS-like B-class gene (CjDEF) mRNA, which is located in the K motif of the MADS-box domain; and the target sites of miR5179/MADS-box were consistent in Camellia and orchids. Furthermore, through a petal transient-expression assay, we showed that the BASIC PENTACYSTEINE proteins bind to the GA-rich motifs in the cja-miR5179 promoter region and suppresses its expression. We propose that the regulation between miR5179 and a B-class MADS-box gene in C. japonica has a deep evolutionary origin before the separation of monocots and dicots. During floral development of C. japonica, cja-miR5179 is specifically expressed in the ovule, which may be required for the inhibition of CjDEF function. This work highlights the evolutionary conservation as well as functional divergence of small RNAs in floral development.

Investigating the Role of Fluids in the Source Parameters of the 2013–2014 Mw 5 Matese Seismic Sequence, Southern Italy

Abstract We investigate the variability of Brune stress drop (Δσ), apparent stress (τa), and Savage–Wood radiation efficiency (ηsw=τa/Δσ), in the 2013–2014 Mw 5.0 earthquake sequence that struck the Matese area in the southern Apennines range of Italy. The sequence is clustered in a relatively small crustal volume in the 13–22 km depth range, which is greater than that of background seismicity and normal-faulting sequences that occurred under the range axis, usually located in the first 15 km of the crust. We find high Savage–Wood radiation efficiency values for most of the analyzed earthquakes located in a narrow crustal volume, with values ranging from well above the self-similarity value to very high values as high as 0.55. In addition, a large variability in radiation efficiency (up to 90%) is observed for two similar magnitude events at different depths. Previous studies reported seismic evidence of fluid involvement in the nucleation process of the Matese earthquakes. By integrating our results with crustal geophysical data published recently, we propose that most of the earthquakes characterized by high values of ηsw are nucleated within high pore pressure zones located in the crystalline midcrust of Adria. We reckon that high pore pressure fluids of deep origin played a role in the rupture process and were responsible for the mixed shear-tensile sources inferred from the analysis of the S-wave/P-wave spectral amplitude ratio for most of 2013–2014 earthquakes.