Decrease In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

LIPID PROFILE ESTIMATION IN ORAL MALIGNANT AND PREMALIGNANT LESIONS

Introduction: Oral malignancy is usually preceded by lesions which are non-malignant to begin with and which are therefore been termed as premalignant. Many premalignant lesions and conditions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous brosis have malignant potentials. Aims: To evaluate the serum lipid prole in premalignant lesions and conditions like Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous brosis and in Oral squamous cell carcinoma and its comparison with the lipid prole among control groups. Material and method: A total number of 225 patients were selected for the study from the OPD in Chandra Dental College and Hospital, Barabanki, U.P. the patients were selected under the criteria mentioned below. Patients with clinically evident and histopathologically conrmed with oral submucous brosis, oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, erythoplakia, and oral malignancy, for leukoplakia patients with histopathological conrmation sample collection was done, for patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis after histopathological conrmation, sample collection was done and for Oral Malignancy sample collection was done after histopathological conrmation were included in this study. Result: In Control Group (1 Vs 3), the mean HDL (mean± s.d.) of patients was 72.9885± 8.6803. In Malignant Group (1 Vs 3), the mean HDL (mean± s.d.) of patients was 38.2000± 3.5106. Distribution of mean HDL with Group (1 Vs 3) was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In Control Group (1vs3), the mean VLDL (mean± s.d.) of patients was 36.8640± 3.0412. In Malignant Group (1vs3), the mean VLDL (mean± s.d.) of patients was 26.1600± 1.5905. Distribution of mean VLDL with Group 1vs3 was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In Control Group1 vs3, the mean LDL (mean± s.d.) of patients was 96.4448± 12.7468. In Malignant Group1 vs3, the mean LDL (mean± s.d.) of patients was 94.8000± 5.9233. Distribution of mean LDL with Group 1 Vs3 was not statistically signicant (p=0.3125). Conclusion: There was statistically signicant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL and HDL observed in malignant patients as compared to the premalignant control group. The low lipid levels associated with Oral malignancy indicates that there is inverse relationship between oral cancer and serum lipid prole. Decrease in the lipid levels may be considered as a useful biochemical marker in the early diagnosis of oral malignancy.

Pengaruh Serum yang Disimpan Selama Lima Hari Suhu 2-8°C dengan Serum yang Diperiksa Langsung pada Pemeriksaan Kolesterol Total

Examination of blood cholesterol at this time became the trend of laboratory examination that much in demand by most people because of many diseases caused by hypercholesterolemia due to wrong diet or high cholesterol levels. Damaged equipment, reagent exhaustion, a large number of samples, laboratory distance with the sampling site too far, and power outages resulted in delayed laboratory examination that required sample storage. This study aimed to determine the effect of serum storage for five days with a serum examined directly to examine total cholesterol. The research design used was an experiment. The population in this research is all female students; Level 3 Study Program D3 Health Analyst STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung, using the Purposive sampling technique, counted 15 respondents. This research was conducted in May 2018. The data obtained were processed using SPSS 16 software and analyzed by Paired t-Test. This study showed the average value of total cholesterol levels in serum examined directly at 163 mg/dl while stored for five days temperature of 2-8 ° C at 158 mg/dl. After the paired test obtained value of P-value = 0.000, so P-value = 0.000 <α = 0.05, it can be concluded there is an influence between total cholesterol levels are checked directly and stored for five days temperature 2-8°C. Five days of serum storage affects the results of total cholesterol tests that lead to a decrease in total cholesterol, but the reduction is insignificant.

Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Analogue Rice with the Addition of Rice Bran

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic effect of analogue rice added with rice bran from three different rice varieties (white, red and black). The Sprague Dawley rats were fed ad libitum with six different chow formulas, i.e. standard diet equal to AIN-93G (C-), high-cholesterol diet (C+), high cholesterol diet plus analogue rice containing 15% coconut dregs flour (AR1), high cholesterol diet plus 10% rice bran from Ciherang white rice (AR2), Cere red rice (AR3), and Campoireng black rice (AR4). The diet intervention was conducted for 28 days. The total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) of rat plasma as well as total fat of rat liver were analyzed. The results showed that rats fed with AR1, AR2, AR3 and AR4 exhibited significant decreases of TC, LDL-C, AI and liver fat, but increased of HDL-C in comparison to those of a high-cholesterol group (C+). This hypocholesterolemic effect is associated with the significant role of dietary fiber and/or -oryzanol. Among groups with diet containing rice bran, AR2 demonstrated the highest hypocholesterolemic effect followed by AR4 and AR3. The AR1 group also gave a significant hypochlolesterolemic effect (p<0.05) due to the role of the dietary fiber. As a conclusion, this study indicates that analogue rice added with rice bran and/or coconut dregs flour is a potential functional diet that is beneficial to lower the CHD risk.

Potensi Padina australis sebagai Marine Drug untuk Aterosklerosis

<p><em>Atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, altered lipid accumulation, inflammation, and foam cells deposition. Fucoxanthin and fucoidan that are contained in Padina australis are known to have potential anti-atherosclerotic effects. This review aims to see the activity and potential of Padina australis as an anti-atherosclerotic marine drug. This literature review article was obtained through a online-based scientific database using terms or phrases relevant to the topic. Fucoxanthin reduces ROS and inhibits production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, fucoidan can regulate the development of atherosclerosis by preventing SMC from forming foam cells, LOX-1 expression, and proinflammatory molecules significantly. A decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and increased HDL-c also shown to be one of the effects of fucoidan in modulating lipid metabolism. Fucoxanthin can increase thermogenesis by increasing PRDM16, UCP-1, and UCP-3 in BAT and decreasing adipocyte size, leptin, and increasing adiponectin in WAT. Fucoidan can lower the cholesterol index, triglycerides, LDL, and increase the expression of PPARγ which can increase lipid metabolism and inhibit hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, Padina australis is potential anti-atherosclerosis agent due to its fucoxanthin and fucoidan exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and modulation of lipid metabolism.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Padina australis, </em><em>f</em><em>ucoxanthin, </em><em>f</em><em>ucoidan, </em><em>a</em><em>therosclerosis, marine </em><em>d</em><em>rug</em></p>

Efficacy, Safety and Protective Effects of Lipid Lowering Drugs in Patients with Diabetes

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of statins and fibrates on the lipid profile of patients with diabetes and to determine their side effects. Methods: It was a transversal study. We included patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes that are followed in an outpatient department, treated for at least 3 months by statins or fibrates.We performed an interrogatory, a medical examination, dietary survey and biological tests for all patients. Results:The mean age was 59.5 ± 9.2 years. Women were 65% of patients. The mean duration of treatment with statins and fibrates was 2.2 ± 2.6 years and 4.9 ± 4.2 years, respectively.Under statin therapy, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly by 1.02±1.25 mmol/l and 0.32±0.47 mmol/l, respectively, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol decreased insignificantly.Fibrates caused a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides by 1.15± 2.24 mmol/l and 1.73 ±2.96 mmol/l, respectively and a non-significant decrease in LDL cholesterol and a non-significant increase in HDL cholesterol. No case of significant hepatic cytolysis was noted. Muscle pain was reported by 10.4% and 11.6% of patients on statins and fibrate, respectively.Under statins, the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms increased significantly. Conclusion: The efficacy of lipid lowering drugs is widely proven. Although side effects are possible, the prescription of lipid lowering drugs should be largely encouraged for better health care of patients with diabetes.

Responses of Lactation, Rumen Fermentation and Blood Biochemical Parameters with Increasing Dietary Inulin Supplementation in Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows

Effects of dietary supplementation of inulin in dairy cows were investigated in this study. Thirty-six mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly divided into six groups with six cows per group and offered a total mixed ration supplemented with 0 (control), 50, 150, 200, 250 and 350 g/d inulin per head, respectively. The animals were pre-fed for 2 weeks before rumen fluid, milk and blood samples were collected weekly for 3 weeks. With increasing inulin doses, milk yield (p < 0.01) and milk fat concentration (p = 0.04) were linearly increased, while milk urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) and somatic cell count (p = 0.04) were linearly decreased. Linear increases were also detected in the proportions of milk saturated fatty acids (p < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.04); however, milk monounsaturated fatty acids were linearly decreased (p = 0.04). The ruminal concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate increased, while the ruminal pH and the concentration of NH3-N reduced at a decreasing rate with increasing inulin doses (p < 0.01). Moreover, the concentrations of lactic acid (p = 0.03) and total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.01) were linearly upregulated. There were linear increases in the serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (p = 0.02), immunoglobin G (p < 0.01), immunoglobin M (p = 0.04), interleukin-2 (p < 0.01) and interleukin-10 (p = 0.04); quadratic increases in serum total protein (p < 0.01) and albumin (p = 0.02) and linear decreases in serum total cholesterol (p = 0.02), triglyceride (p < 0.01) and malondialdehyde (p < 0.01). The results indicated that inulin increased milk production, shifted milk fatty acid profile, upregulated rumen volatile fatty acid concentration, and enhanced antioxidant and immunity function in dairy cows in a dose-dependent manner.

Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B

We used real-world data to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in treatment-naïve patients with CHB. We analysed 2747 patients with CHB under TAF (n=502) or TDF (n=2245) treatments. Virological responses (VR: HBV DNA <15 IU/ml), on-treatment ALT normalization, the incidence of HCC, renal function and lipid profiles were compared between these groups. Propensity score matching of 495 pairs was conducted for these comparisons. The mean age of the total cohort was 48.6 years and 58.2% of the subjects were male. Cirrhosis had a 33.3% prevalence in the population. VRs at 12, 24 and 36months were achieved in 70.3%, 81.2% and 83.3% of the TAF and 67.9%, 84.3% and 86.1% in the TDF cases respectively (p > 0.05 for all). Normalized ALT, as determined by local laboratory criteria (<40 U/L), occurred in 79.7%, 90.6% and 86.2% of TAF the group and 78.2%, 85.8% and 85.7% of the TDF group at 12, 24 and 36months respectively (p > 0.05 for all). The HCC risk did not statistically differ across the entire cohort or in the PS-matched cohort. The TAF group showed a lower median increase in serum creatinine from baseline during the early study period. Compared with the TAF, the TDF group showed significant decreases in total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL, but not in LDL. Real-word data indicate that TAF has comparable efficacies to TDF in terms of VR and ALT normalization, with no higher risk of HCC.

Lipid-Lowering Responses to Dyslipidemia Determine the Efficacy on Liver Enzymes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease with Hepatic Injuries: A Prospective Cohort Study.

PurposeEffective treatment of dyslipidemia with lipid-lowering agents is pivotal in the management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) for preventing cardiovascular complications. We explored the associations between improvements in liver injuries indicated by changes in transaminases and a reduction in lipid levels in MAFLD patients with dyslipidemia and elevated transaminases during lipid-lowering therapies.MethodsThis prospective, cohort study enrolled consecutive MAFLD patients with hyperlipidemia and elevated transaminases. Patients were divided into a group receiving lipid-lowering agents and an age-, sex- and baseline lipid level-matched control group without receiving lipid-lowering agents. Clinical visits were performed at the 1st month and then every 3 months for 1 year.ResultsThis study included 541 MAFLD patients (lipid-lowering group: 325 patients; control group: 216 patients). Compared with controls, there was a substantially greater reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the lipid-lowering group after 12 months (all P < 0.05). The decrease in ALT was positively correlated with the decrease in TC (r = 0.332), TG (r = 0.180), LDL-c (r = 0.253) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) (r = 0.119), while the decrease in AST was positively correlated with the decrease in TC (r = 0.228) and LDL-c (r = 0.192) (all P<0.05). The greater range of reduction in blood lipids (TC/TG/LDL-c), the higher the transaminase and GGT normalization rate (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that a TG decrease of over 50% remained an independent predictor of transaminase and GGT normalization (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.12–3.84, P=0.020).ConclusionLipid-lowering to target levels might be beneficial to liver injury improvements in MAFLD patients with dyslipidemia when receiving lipid-lowering agents.

Effectiveness and safety of red yeast rice predominated by monacolin K β-hydroxy acid form for hyperlipidemia treatment and management.

To assess the lipid-lowering activity and safety of a dietary supplement containing monacolin K β-hydroxy acid form (MKA), Heye (), and Cangzhu (), compared to lifestyle modifications. Totally 117 subjects with moderate to severe dyslipidemia (according to Chinese guidelines) and low CV risk were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: lifestyle modification (LM), LM plus a low dosage of MKA, LM plus a high dosage of MKA, and treated for 60 d. The primary endpoint was the reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). Safeties along with Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes were assessed through the study. A low dosage of MKA along with lifestyle modifications caused a significant decrease in LDL-C by 15.6% on average (95% , 9.6% to 21%) with, a decrease in TC by 15.3% on average (95% CI, 9.26% to 21.4%), and a decrease in non-HDL-C by 35.4% (95% CI, 25.76% to 41.34%). Weak evidence of a reduction of triglycerides but an increment of HDL-C was observed in patients with severe hyperlipidemia. No severe adverse events occurred during the study. Our results confirm the LDL-C and TC lowering properties of MKA is clinically meaningful. It also produces a significant reduction of non-HDL-C, and slightly effects on TG and HDL-C as well.

ABNORMAL BLOOD LIPIDS LEVELS (DYSLIPIDEMIA) TREATMENT WITH ACUPUNCTURE METHOD

Background: Dyslipidemia is an abnormal lipid metabolism characterized by an increase in total cholesterol, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), triglycerides (TG), and a decrease in HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein). Increased levels of total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and decreased HDL levels can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. According to TCM, dyslipidemia is categorized into “Tan Zheng” (phlegm syndrome), “Shi Zuo” (damp retention), “Xuan Yun” (vertigo), and “Fei Pang” (obesity). Purpose: The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature study on TCM within the treatment of dyslipidemia with different acupuncture methods and points. The primary data search was conducted using online e-resources (Google Scholar, Proquest, and Pubmed). Review: The results of the study should include at least one of the outcomes indicators for total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL. The result there were 20 journals consisting of studies that used several acupuncture methods, manual acupuncture (AM), electroacupuncture (EA), moxa (MOK), auricular acupuncture (AA), Cupping (CUP), and found additional interventions such as nutritional interventions, and exercise; body points often used are Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Daheng (SP15), Zhongwan (CV 12), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenque (CV 8), Tianshu (ST 25), and therefore for AA are Spleen (CO 13), Stomach (CO 4), Shenmen (TF 4), and hunger point. Twenty journals showed a decrease in total cholesterol, TG, LDL levels, and an increase in HDL levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, all types of acupuncture methods can reduce total cholesterol, TG and LDL levels, and increase HDL levels.

Nutritional digestion and absorption, metabolism fates alteration was associated with intestinal function improvement by dietary threonine in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella)

This study was designed to examine the effects of threonine (Thr) on digestion and absorption, serum biochemical parameters, genes expression of Thr metabolism related enzymes and intestinal mucins as well as potential regulation in juveniles grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Juveniles (9.53 ± 0.02 g) were reared for eight weeks with graded Thr levels (3.99, 7.70, 10.72, 14.10, 17.96 and 21.66 g/kg). Results showed that, comparing with Thr-insufficient diet (3.99 g/kg), optimal dietary Thr group (14.10 g/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase and amylase) in the hepatopancreas and intestine, absorptive related enzymes Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), creatine kinase (CK) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) in intestines and contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) in the serum of juvenile grass carp. The notable decreases of serum total cholesterol (TC) content and activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) as well as alanine transaminase (ALT) were observed in juveniles fed 14.10 g/kg Thr diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, L-threonine dehydrogenase (tdh) was the main responsible for Thr catabolism enzyme with highly expressed in the hepatopancreas, which could be upregulated by increment dietary Thr in both hepatopancreas and intestines significantly (P < 0.05); L-threonine ammonia-lyase (thal) mRNA abundance was upregulated by dietary Thr in the hepatopancreas but not intestines; L-threonine aldolase (tha) mRNA abundance was not affected by dietary Thr in hepatopancreas and intestines (P > 0.05). Besides, the optimal Thr level promoted intestinal mucin synthesis involved enzyme N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2 (galnt2), mucin2 (muc-2) and muc-3 mRNA transcript abundances as well as phosphorylated protein levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Tyr992), extracellular regulating kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) and transcription factor SP1 (Thr453), thus enhancing the intestinal function. Additionally, the optimal dietary Thr could reverse the intestinal villus morphology structure destroyed with villus twist and exfoliation by dietary Thr deficiency as well as fusion by excess level of dietary Thr, which was in accordance with the improvement of intestinal function.

Dynamics of endocrine and metabolic changes among patients with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome while treating with telmisartan

Dynamics of endocrine and metabolic changes among patients with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome while treating with telmisartan

Effect of metformin as an add-on therapy on neuregulin-4 levels and vascular-related complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundInflammation is closely associated with atherosclerosis and plays a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Metformin sensitizes body cells to insulin, which may cause a reduction of atherogenic lipid fractions. Low neuregulin-4 (Nrg-4) levels, an adipokine, are linked to obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. ObjectivesWe assessed the effect of oral supplementation with metformin on glycemic control, neuregulin-4 levels and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and microvascular complications. MethodsThis randomized placebo-controlled trial included 80 type 1 diabetic patients with microvascular complications who were randomly divided to receive either 24 weeks of metformin 500 mg/day or matching placebo. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, C-reactive protein (CRP), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), lipid profile, Nrg-4 and CIMT were assessed at baseline and study end. ResultsBoth groups were well-matched as regards baseline clinical and laboratory data (p greater than 0.05). After 24-weeks, metformin therapy for the intervention group resulted in a significant decrease of HbA1c, CRP, UACR, total cholesterol and CIMT while Nrg-4 levels were increased compared with baseline levels (p < 0.001) and with placebo group(p < 0.001). Baseline Nrg-4 levels were negatively correlated to FBG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, CRP and CIMT. Metformin was well-tolerated. ConclusionsOral metformin supplementation once daily for 24 weeks as an adjuvant therapy to intensive insulin in pediatric T1DM was safe and effective in improving glycemic control, dyslipidemia and Nrg-4 levels; hence, it decreased inflammation, microvascular complications and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Abstract EP46: Can Middle-Aged Recreational Cyclists Remain In Energy Balance And Weight Stable When Involved In An Extreme Exercise And Energy Expenditure Intervention (4E Study)? Effect On Visceral Adiposity And Features Of Cardiometabolic Risk

Introduction: Weight loss is often considered a key target in lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk in people with overweight/obesity. However, evidence suggests that regular endurance exercise can induce a mobilization of visceral fat in the absence of weight loss. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to test the effect of an extreme exercise prescription not aimed at weight loss on visceral adiposity and on indices of cardiometabolic health. Hypothesis: Despite our attempt to keep the cyclists weight stable during the 1-week exercise intervention, a loss of visceral fat would be observed. Methods: Eleven male recreational cyclists, aged 50 to 66 years and asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, cycled 1144 km (715 miles) over a period of seven consecutive days. During the intervention, body weight and composition were assessed daily by bioelectrical impedance and cyclists’ caloric intake was increased to keep them in energy balance and weight stable. Their cardiometabolic health profile was documented before and after the intervention and included a fasting blood test, a resting hemodynamic profile, anthropometric, body composition and body fat distribution measurements including visceral adiposity assessed by magnetic resonance. A maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed at baseline. During the intervention, energy expenditure was calculated from the caloric equivalents of oxygen consumption for each heart rate value acquired with a heart rate monitor. Prepared foods were provided to participants and their energy intake was closely monitored. Results: Small decreases in body weight (-0.8 kg, P &lt;0.05), BMI (-0.3 kg/m 2 , P &lt;0.05) and fat mass (-1.5 kg, P =0.0005) as well as a trend towards an increase in lean mass (+0.8 kg, P =0.07) were observed. Visceral adiposity (-14.1 mL, P &lt;0.01) and waist circumference (-3.2 cm, P &lt;0.0001) decreased while subcutaneous adiposity remained unchanged (-2.7 mL, NS). Decreases in total cholesterol (-1.17 mmol/L, P &lt;0.001), LDL cholesterol (-0.97 mmol/L, P &lt;0.0001), non-HDL cholesterol (-1.32 mmol/L, P &lt;0.0001), triglycerides (-0.77 mmol/L, P &lt;0.005), glycated hemoglobin (-0.1%, P &lt;0.005), and resting systolic (-9 mmHg, P &lt;0.01) and diastolic (-7 mmHg, P &lt;0.01) blood pressure were noted. Conclusion: This study showed that recreational master cyclists were not able to remain in energy balance when exposed to a very large exercise prescription performed over one week. However, despite trivial changes in body weight and no change in subcutaneous adiposity, a significant reduction in visceral adiposity was observed. This study shows the differential response of subcutaneous vs visceral adiposity to a very large prescription of endurance exercise, and the inability of body weight changes to fully appreciate the effects of endurance exercise on features of cardiometabolic risk.

Biochemical Study of Consumption Zahdi Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Dates considered one of most significant commercial crops and have been documented in the Holy Quran and scientific references. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic effects of Zahdi variety of dates in control subjects and their effects on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), antioxidant vitamins (C and E), and inorganic phosphate and calcium excursions. Study subjected twenty-four control group (12 male and 12 females), mean age (42.0±8.69 year), and twenty patients with diabetic type 2 (10 males and 10 females) with a means of HbA1c (9.25 ±2.02 %) and age (47.7±9.33 year). All participants ate a single number of the Zahdi dates (5-7) before breakfasting for a prior twenty-one days. Glucose was measured in control group and for diabetics. Glycemic index (GI) was established as proportion of the gradational areas below the return curves for dates as compared to glucose. Collecting blood samples from patients and control group were collected and the statistical data examinations are achievement by using independent samples and paired t-test. The results indicated a significant increase in glucose, MDA, total cholesterol and TG, while a significant decrease in GSH, vitamins (C and E) and phosphate in patients when compared with control group (previously and in accordance) consumption dates palm. No considerable changes in calcium level between diabetic and control subjects. The consumption of dates palm led to a significant decrease in MDA, total cholesterol, TG, and phosphate, also a significant increase in GSH and vitamin E in diabetic patients when compared with control group.

Intermittent Hypoxic-Hyperoxic Exposures Effects in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Correction of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Profile.

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and applicability of the “intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposures at rest” (IHHE) protocol as an adjuvant method for metabolic syndrome (MS) cardiometabolic components. A prospective, single-center, randomized controlled clinical study was conducted on 65 patients with MS subject to optimal pharmacotherapy, who were randomly allocated to IHHE or control (CON) groups. The IHHE group completed a 3-week, 5 days/week program of IHHE, each treatment session lasting for 45 min. The CON group followed the same protocol, but was breathing room air through a facial mask instead. The data were collected 2 days before, and at day 2 after the 3-week intervention. As the primary endpoints, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure at rest, as well as arterial stiffness and hepatic tissue elasticity parameters, were selected. After the trial, the IHHE group had a significant decrease in SBP and DBP (Cohen’s d = 1.15 and 0.7, p < 0.001), which became significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in CON. We have failed to detect any pre-post IHHE changes in the arterial stiffness parameters (judging by the Cohen’s d), but after the intervention, cardio-ankle vascular indexes (RCAVI and LCAVI) were significantly lowered in the IHHE group as compared with the CON. The IHHE group demonstrated a medium effect (0.68; 0.69 and 0.71 Cohen’s d) in pre-post decrease of Total Cholesterol (p = 0.04), LDL (p = 0.03), and Liver Steatosis (p = 0.025). In addition, the IHHE group patients demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in pre-post differences (deltas) of RCAVI, LCAVI, all antropometric indices, NTproBNP, Liver Fibrosis, and Steatosis indices, TC, LDL, ALT, and AST in comparison with CON (p = 0.001). The pre-post shifts in SBP, DBP, and HR were significantly correlated with the reduction degree in arterial stiffness (ΔRCAVI, ΔLCAVI), liver fibrosis and steatosis severity (ΔLFibr, ΔLS), anthropometric parameters, liver enzymes, and lipid metabolism in the IHHE group only. Our results suggested that IHHE is a safe, well-tolerated intervention which could be an effective adjuvant therapy in treatment and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis, obesity, and other components of MS that improve the arterial stiffness lipid profile and liver functional state in MS patients.

Evaluation of Antihyperlipidemic activity of leaves of Cassia tora

Aim: To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of leaves of cassia tora Objective: Hyperlipidemia is a clinical condition causing lethal diseases like atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction etc that ultimately leads to death. Several works have been reported that the extracts of many plants have antihyperlipidemic activity. Cassia tora is used for a long time as a daily vegetable in many countries. It consists of phytochemical constituents like flavonoids which lowers blood cholesterol level. Materials and Methods: Materials used: Antihyperlipidemic activity of Cassia tora was screened by a model, Cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia. Marker enzymes like LDH, LDL, VLDL, total protein, total cholesterol, AST, ALP, ALT,SOD, Catalase, LPO and histopathology of myocardium and aorta carried out. Results: Flavonoids of leaves of Cassia tora treated group showed significant decrease in LDL-Cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, ALP and increase in HDL cholesterol, albumin, total protein and further was concluded by histopathological studies. Conclusion: From result, it was concluded that flavonoid of leaves of Cassia tora shows antihyperlipidemic activity in the heart of rats.

Vitamin D Deficiency Impacts Exposure and Response of Pravastatin in Male Rats by Altering Hepatic OATPs

This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D (VD) deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of pravastatin and clarify whether the effects are mediated by Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Experiments were conducted in rats to explore the effect of VD deficiency on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. In the pharmacodynamic study, rats were fed a VD-free or VD-supplement high-fat diet for 25–30 days, and plasma 25(OH)VD was dynamically monitored. The response of pravastatin (changes in blood lipids) on rats were then examined after 15 days of pravastatin treatment. In the pharmacokinetic study, rats were fed a VD-free or VD-supplement diet for 25–30 days. The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose pravastatin was then studied, and intestinal and hepatic Oatp1a1 and Oatp2b1 expression was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. Furthermore, OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 expression in Huh7 cells with or without 1.25(OH)2D were assessed via qPCR and western blot. For the pharmacodynamic study, the decrease of total cholesterol and increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in VD-deficient rats were smaller than in VD-sufficient rats, indicating that VD deficiency reduced the response of pravastatin in rats. For the pharmacokinetic study, the plasma exposure slightly increased, and liver exposure decreased in VD-deficient rats, but not significantly. VD deficiency decreased the Oatp1a1 and Oatp2b1 expression in the liver, but not in the small intestine. Similarly, OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 protein levels in Huh7 cells were reduced when 1.25(OH)2D was absent. In conclusion, VD deficiency can decrease the response of pravastatin in rats by reducing the liver pravastatin exposure and expression of hepatic OATPs, consistent with the extended hepatic clearance model theory.

An integrated approach for very high cardiovascular risk patients. Intermediate results

The main objective of secondary prevention measures is to modify key risk factors such as hypertension (HTN) and dyslipidemia in patients with established cardiovascular diseases. Its proper implementation improves both short- and long-term outcomes. Telehealth technologies contributes to faster achievement of target levels and better control of key risk factors.Aim. To establish a comprehensive personalized follow-up framework for patients recovered from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that integrates telehealth software and to test its clinical and patient-centered efficacy.Material and methods. The three-month follow-up data of 50 patients (50% of planned enrollees; median age, 57 years [53; 61]; males, 84%) who suffered ACS with myocardial revascularization and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at least 2,5 mmol/L at admission. We introduced the simple and save telehealth software for home BP monitoring and lipid profiling. The basic demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were described, as well as the changes lipid profile, office and home BP over this period was analyzed. The primary endpoint was a change in LDL-C after 3 months. In addition, we also focused on pharmacological therapy and its dynamics, as well as on remote counseling and patient’ experience with the mobile application.Results. Three months after inclusion, we have noted significant decrease of total cholesterol (-1,67 mmol/L, p&lt;0,0001) and triglycerides (-0,48 mmol/L, p&lt;0,0001). LDL-C changes were also significant (-1,49 mmol/L, adjusted for age, sex and lipid-lowering therapy; p&lt;0,0001) and was associated only with the baseline LDL-C levels (R2=-0,521, p&lt;0,0001). Thirty-nine (78%) patients achieved at least 1 mmol/L drop of LDL-C. Nine of them reached target LDL-C &lt;1,4 mmol/L (and/or a decrease of 50% from baseline). Both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0,48 mmol/l, p=0,348), office and home BP remained mostly unchanged. The proportion of patients with target office BP levels was almost the same (χ2=3,06, p=0,08). Patients who were recommended combined lipid-lowering therapy with cholesterol absorption inhibitor (ezetimibe) were more likely to achieve target LDL-C (χ2=10,95; p=0,003) than those with single agent (67% versus 17%, p=0,003). No differences were found in subgroups of patients in LDL-C reduction. In each patient an average of 15 remote consultations have been performed (from 1 to 54 per patient per 3 moths). Investigators have had to send reminders to 22 patients regarding the need for regular home BP monitoring. The majority of patients treated telehealth software as easy-to-use and user-friendly.Conclusion. According to the 3-month follow-up of patients after ACS who used the framework integrated with telemonitoring and remote counseling, a positive trend in reducing atherogenic lipid levels was demonstrated, but not in office BP. Only a fifth of patients reached the target LDL-C, but the vast majority had target BP. Despite the fact that the program is convenient to use, almost half of participants require additional reminders from physician on self-monitoring.

Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Lipid Profiles in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with dyslipidemia. However, the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on lipid profiles are unclear. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane were searched up to July 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CPAP versus controls with ≥4 weeks treatment and reported pre- and post-intervention lipid profiles were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was used to assess the effect size. Meta-regression was used to explore the potential moderators of post-CPAP treatment changes in lipid profiles. Results: A total of 14 RCTs with 1792 subjects were included. CPAP treatment was associated with a significant decrease in total cholesterol compared to controls (WMD = −0.098 mmol/L, 95% CI = −0.169 to −0.027, p = 0.007, I2 = 0.0%). No significant changes in triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein nor low-density lipoprotein were observed after CPAP treatment (all p > 0.2). Furthermore, meta-regression models showed that age, gender, body mass index, daytime sleepiness, OSA severity, follow-up study duration, CPAP compliance nor patients with cardiometabolic disease did not moderate the effects of CPAP treatment on lipid profiles (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: CPAP treatment decreases total cholesterol at a small magnitude but has no effect on other markers of dyslipidemia in OSA patients. Future studies of CPAP therapy should target combined treatment strategies with lifestyle modifications and/or anti-hyperlipidemic medications in the primary as well as secondary cardiovascular prevention models.