Decrease In Oscillation Frequency Research Articles

Control of coherent phonon dynamics in CoFeB/heavy metal heterojunction structures for future hybrid phononic and spintronic devices

Abstract The heterojunction structure of CoFeB/heavy metal has shown significant potential for spintronics, where both electrons and magnons potentially can serve as information carriers. However, another promising information carrier, coherent phonons, has not been fully explored for hybrid phononic and spintronic devices. In this study, we used time-resolved pump–probe spectroscopy to investigate the dynamic behaviour of coherent phonons. We observed variations in reflectivity spectra, corresponding to changes in phonon frequency and relaxation times, with different thicknesses of the heavy metal and CoFeB layers. The experimental results demonstrated a decrease in coherent phonon oscillation frequency as the thickness of the CoFeB and heavy metal layers increased. These findings were further supported by first-principles calculations, which showed that the frequency of the optical modes is suppressed due to interface relaxation between the magnetic and heavy metal layers.

A polar diatomic molecule under a high-frequency laser field: classical analytical solution

AbstractDynamics of a polar diatomic molecule (represented as the oscillating rotator model) under external fields is the most fundamental problem and the testbed in molecular physics—analogously to the dynamics of hydrogenic atom (represented as the model of an electron in the Coulomb field) under external fields being the most fundamental problem and the testbed in atomic physics. We present the classical analytical study of the dynamical Stark effect in the oscillating rotator under a high-frequency laser field. We obtain the analytical results by using the method of effective potentials. We demonstrate that under the laser field, the rotation frequency increases, while the oscillation frequency decreases, and the amplitude of the oscillations increases. More significantly, the laser field causes the generation of the second harmonic in the oscillations of this system. This is an important, counterintuitive result in studying this fundamental physical system. We also drew attention to some flaws in the literature on this subject.

Oscillatory excitation of Faraday waves on the interface of immiscible fluids in a slotted channel

Recent studies of the oscillatory dynamics of the interface between fluids in Hele–Shaw cells have revealed a new type of instability termed the “oscillatory Saffman instability” in the case of fluids with high-viscosity contrast. The present study is dedicated to the experimental investigation of the dynamics of the interface between low-viscosity fluids of different densities oscillating in a vertical narrow channel. It is discovered that as the amplitude of oscillations increases, a threshold excitation of parametric oscillations of the interface in the form of a standing wave is observed in the plane of the fluid layer. This phenomenon bears a resemblance to Faraday waves, but the dependence of the standing wave wavelength on the oscillation frequency does not align with the classical dispersion relation for low-viscosity fluids. The damping effect of viscous boundary layers near the cell walls and the out-of-plane curvature of the oscillating interface leads to a decrease in the natural frequency of oscillations. The experiments demonstrate a significant role of the dimensionless layer thickness. With its decrease (increase in the dimensionless out-of-plane interface curvature), the threshold oscillation acceleration rises in accordance with a power law. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this type of instability has been discovered and studied for the first time. Another important finding is the excitation of intense time-averaged vortical flows in the channel plane within the supercritical region. The physical mechanism underlying the excitation of the time-averaged vortices is clarified, and the dimensionless parameters that govern their intensity are identified.

Properties of a continuous optical discharge sustained by short-wave infrared laser radiation in high pressure argon

Abstract The paper is devoted to the experimental study of the characteristics of continuous optical discharge (COD) sustained by high power continuous wave laser radiation at a wavelength λ = 1.08 μm in high pressure argon. New data on COD threshold laser power dependence on argon pressure in the range 20-50 bar are obtained. COD threshold laser power is shown to be in good agreement with the data obtained by other authors and theoretical evaluations provided the contribution of plasma energy loss due thermal radiation is taken into account properly. A study of the convective plume oscillations around COD in argon has been carried out. It was found that in a pressure range 25-35 bar the growth of the laser radiation power leads to a decrease in convection oscillation frequency from 33 to 29 Hz, while the radius of the convective plume grows accordingly. The oscillation frequency ν and characteristic radius of the convective plume r0 were found to obey the similarity relation previously established in experiments with COD in xenon.

The effect of external magnetic field on the instability of THz plasma waves in nanoscale graphene field-effect transistors

Abstract The instability of plasma waves in the channel of field-effect transistors will cause the electromagnetic waves with THz frequency. Based on a self-consistent quantum hydrodynamic model, the instability of THz plasmas waves in the channel of graphene field-effect transistors has been investigated with external magnetic field and quantum effects. We analyzed the influence of weak magnetic fields, quantum effects, device size, and temperature on the instability of plasma waves under asymmetric boundary conditions numerically. The study results show that the magnetic fields, quantum effects, and the thickness of the dielectric layer between the gate and the channel can increase the radiation frequency. Additionally, we observed that increase in temperature leads to a decrease in both oscillation frequency and instability increment. The numerical results and accompanying images obtained from our simulations provide support for the above conclusions.

Моделювання коливальних процесів віброударних систем

In order to improve the efficiency of methods and means of mathematical modeling of vibro-impact systems, a generalized function of the periodic mode of movement of the executive body has been developed. It is presented in the form of the dependence of the shock impulse on the ratio of the angular velocities of the linear conservative system and its own. When obtaining this function, the Heaviside integral jump function and the periodic Green's function were used. The function of the dependence of the oscillation frequency on the impact impulse is determined from the impact conditions for the function of the system's response to a periodic sequence of impulses. The design model of a vibroimpact system is considered, both with one impact element and a motion limiter, and with a double-sided impact pair with alternate impact interactions with the limiters. In the intervals between impacts, there is a linear force interaction. When developing the mathematical model, a stereomechanical impact model was used, which is characterized by the velocity recovery coefficient after the impact. The analysis of the dependence function of the oscillation frequency on the shock impulse made it possible to obtain skeletal diagrams of resonant and quasi-resonant oscillations of vibro-impact systems with one and many degrees of freedom. Based on the obtained phase diagrams of the state of vibro-impact systems, it was determined: in a system with a gap, an increase in the impact speed increases the oscillation frequency, and the vibro-impact nonlinearity is «hard»; in a system with tension, with an increase in the value of the shock impulse, the oscillation frequency decreases (nonlinearity is «soft»). In the absence of a gap, the system is isochronous. Depending on the initial energy reserve and the location of the limiters in an asymmetric oscillatory system, with one degree of freedom, there can be vibro-impact modes with both one (closer located) and both limiters. In a linear conservative system with several degrees of freedom, a single-impact T-periodic regime is realized. If the dissipation during motion and impact is very small, then a regime close to resonant can exist in the system. In this case, periodic oscillations are supported by a weak external periodic force. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to fully describe the process of changing the relative coordinate of the movement of the working body, both in transient and in the established modes of movement of the system.

Asymptotic Theory of Flapping Wing Propulsion in Extreme Ground Effect

This study, dedicated to flapping wing propulsion in immediate proximity to a wall or between closely spaced flat walls, makes use of the method of matched asymptotic expansions. Its purpose is to create a simplified parametric model of such a propulsion system based on a single major assumption: immediate closeness of oscillating wing to a solid wall. In the case of a rectangular finite-aspect ratio wing, analytical expressions have been obtained for the coefficients of instantaneous and period-averaged thrust force as well as for the efficiency of the propulsor as a function of distance from the wall, Strouhal number and wing aspect ratio for selected cases of heaving, pitching and combined oscillations. It is shown that for some oscillation modes closeness to the ground results in increases in thrust and efficiency, and that optimally combined (considering ratio of the amplitudes and phase shift of contributing motions) heave–pitch oscillations allow to maximize thrust or efficiency of the flapping-wing propulsor. Increase in aspect ratio and decrease in Strouhal number (relative frequency of oscillations) in the case of heaving invariably brings about the increase in the ideal efficiency. An example is provided of a non-planar extreme ground effect application considering oscillations of a ring-wing embracing circular cylinder. A rule is derived for recalculation of the characteristics of the flapping-wing propulsor near a flat wall onto the characteristics of the same wing operating in a narrow canal between parallel walls. This rule can also be applied to evaluate propulsive properties of a ring-wing oscillating between co-axial cylindric surfaces.

Numerical analysis of flow shedding over an obstacle at low Reynolds number

This is a numerical investigation of the unsteady mixed convective flow over an isothermally heated circular cylinder. The flow is directed vertically downwards with buoyancy forces in the opposite direction. A parametric analysis was conducted at five Reynolds numbers Re=10,20,30,40,100, and for Richardson numbers between Ri=0 and 0.5, to evaluate the influence of thermal buoyancy on the instantaneous flow behaviour, vortex-shedding characteristics, thermal fields, and mean heat-transfer rates. The simulations show that at the highest Reynolds number investigated, Re=100, the normal periodic von Kármán vortex street still characterises the flow as Richardson number is increased; however, the oscillation frequency decreases and the oscillation amplitude increases. For Re≤40, a new vortex street appears, named the “Buoyancy-Opposing Vortex Street”, due to thermal buoyancy modifying the von Kármán street. Interestingly, at very low Re=20 and 10, the von Kármán street completely disappears in the heated wakes, whereas the “Buoyancy-Opposing Vortex Street” remains as the sole vortex street characterising the flow.

Bidirectionally Regulating Gamma Oscillations in Wilson-Cowan Model by Self-Feedback Loops: A Computational Study.

The Wilson-Cowan model can emulate gamma oscillations, and thus is extensively used to research the generation of gamma oscillations closely related to cognitive functions. Previous studies have revealed that excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the model can modulate its gamma oscillations. Inhibitory and excitatory self-feedback loops are important structural features of the model, however, its functional role in the regulation of gamma oscillations in the model is still unclear. In the present study, bifurcation analysis and spectrum analysis are employed to elucidate the regulating mechanism of gamma oscillations underlined by the inhibitory and excitatory self-feedback loops, especially how the two self-feedback loops cooperate to generate the gamma oscillations and regulate the oscillation frequency. The present results reveal that, on one hand, the inhibitory self-feedback loop is not conducive to the generation of gamma oscillations, and increased inhibitory self-feedback strength facilitates the enhancement of the oscillation frequency. On the other hand, the excitatory self-feedback loop promotes the generation of gamma oscillations, and increased excitatory self-feedback strength leads to the decrease of oscillation frequency. Finally, theoretical analysis is conducted to provide explain on how the two self-feedback loops play a crucial role in the generation and regulation of neural oscillations in the model. To sum up, Inhibitory and excitatory self-feedback loops play a complementary role in generating and regulating the gamma oscillation in Wilson-Cowan model, and cooperate to bidirectionally regulate the gamma-oscillation frequency in a more flexible manner. These results might provide testable hypotheses for future experimental research.

Numerical and experimental study on oscillation mechanism of molten pool during pulsed microplasma arc welding ultrathin sheets

Molten pool oscillation behaviors during pulsed microplasma arc welding ultrathin stainless steel sheets were studied based on the numerical simulation, experimentally visual detection, and theoretical calculation. Without altering the average heat input, the effects of different pulse parameters of welding current on weld pool oscillation frequency and oscillation amplitude were discussed. It showed that the changes either in the weld pool temperature and liquid metal flow rate or in weld pool size cannot keep up with the rapid variations of welding current from base current to peak current or from peak current to base current. The mainly periodic changes of molten pool size and liquid metal flow rate are caused by pulsed current. However, on these main periodic changes, small amplitude fluctuations are superimposed due to weld pool oscillations. The oscillation frequency decreases and the oscillation amplitude increases slightly with the growth of molten pool. Oscillation frequency increased with an elevating in pulsed current frequency, and it rose firstly and then fell when duty cycle of pulsed current increased. Moreover, concerning the fluctuations in weld pool size, the oscillation amplitude reduced with the enhancement in pulsed current frequency though there were no obvious variations in it with the variations in duty cycle of welding current.

Effect of self-heating on small-signal parameters of In0.53Ga0.47As based gate-all-around MOSFETs

In this work, the effect of self-heating on small-signal parameters of In0.53Ga0.47As based gate-all-around nanowire MOSFETs is explored using thermally calibrated simulation results. The effects of interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) of Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As interface, the number of nanowires (N), and ambient temperature on RF performance metrics such as transition frequency , max-oscillation frequency , intrinsic current gain , power gain (maximum available gain/maximum stable gain), and transconductance are thoroughly investigated in order to assess the self-heating induced degradation. The impact of self-heating has also been observed on small-signal parameters such as C gd, C gs, R gd, R gs, and τ. Transition frequency and maximum oscillation frequency decrease significantly when lattice temperature rises because of self-heating. The order of ITR for Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As interface has been reported to be in the technical literature. Increasing ITR from 10−5 to decreases f t and f max by 12 and 70 GHz, respectively.

The stability of dendritic growth in a binary alloy melt with buoyancy effect

On the basis of Xu’s interfacial wave theory, the stability of dendritic growth in a convective binary alloy melt with buoyancy effect is studied using the asymptotic method. The resulting asymptotic solution of equations reveals that the stability mechanism of dendritic growth in the binary alloy melt with buoyancy-driven convection is similar to that in a pure melt. Dendritic growth is stable above and unstable below a critical stability number [Formula: see text], which is determined by the quantization condition. In particular, there is a critical morphological number in the binary alloy melt. When the morphological number is less than the critical morphological number, the tip growth velocity increases, the tip curvature radius and oscillation frequency decrease, and the interface becomes thinner and smooth. When the morphological number is larger than the critical morphological number, the tip growth velocity decreases, the tip curvature radius and oscillation frequency increase, and the interface becomes fatter and rough. The result demonstrates that in a microgravity environment, there is a critical initial concentration such that below it thermal diffusion dominates, the tip growth velocity increases, the tip curvature radius and oscillation frequency decrease, and the interface becomes thinner and smooth; above it, solute diffusion dominates, the tip growth velocity decreases, the tip curvature radius and oscillation frequency increase, and the interface becomes fatter and rough.

Observations of a driven pendulum at low amplitudes

A driven pendulum has been widely studied in the large amplitude, chaotic regime. In the present paper, observations are reported on a driven pendulum at frequencies near the resonance frequency, for relatively small drive amplitudes. Strong beating is observed between the transient and steady state response. Even at low drive amplitudes, the resonance is affected by the decrease in oscillation frequency with increasing oscillation amplitude.

НОВЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОЦЕНКЕ ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ У ОДАРЕННЫХ ПОДРОСТКОВ

Abstract. In gifted children, the features of mental state are revealed expressed in anxiety disorders, hypersensitivity and increased excitability, which require an objective and dynamic assessment of their psychophysiological state. Aim: the paper aims to substantiate the use of the “Bioscope” device for an objective assessment of the psychophysiological state of gifted adolescents and their responses to stress. Materials and methods: Participants were selected out of 500 persons and divided into 2 groups based on the use of psychodiagnostics: 1st group – gifted adolescents of both sexes (n = 35); 2nd group – control (normative) group (n = 35). Psychodiagnostic testing for giftedness was carried out according to the Renzulli three-ring model. To assess the psychophysiological state, the “Bioscope” hardware complex was used, which allows for the remote assessment of the “integral state of the biological system”. The functional state of the subjects was assessed before and after the so-called unsolvable tasks (cognitive load). Results: The study showed that gifted adolescents have a wider range of emotional responses to cognitive load compared to the control group. After performing cognitive tasks, all subjects demonstrated a tendency towards a decrease in oscillation frequency and an increase in the variability of the inter-peak intervals of the “Bioscope” signals. Changes in the spectral power of the “Bioscope” signals were multidirectional: in female participants, the power decreased, while in male participants it increased in both groups of subjects. After cognitive tasks the power values of BB-intervals decreased in gifted adolescents of both sexes and increased in the control group. Conclusion: Psychophysiological responses to cognitive load (unsolvable cognitive tasks) are more pronounced in gifted adolescents compared to the control group; female participants of both groups respond with more pronounced anxiety. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using the “Bioscope” complex in various psychophysiological studies.

Study on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a marine riser under periodic pulsation disturbance

In this paper, the hydrodynamic forces and vortex distributions of a riser subjected to a non-uniform flow generated by an upstream oscillating wing structure are simulated using high-precision code Incompact3d combined with immersed boundary method. The effects of in-line and transverse positions, oscillating frequency and amplitude on riser performance have also been discussed. It is found that with the increase of in-line spacing or the decrease of oscillation frequency and transverse positions, the time-averaged drag coefficient of riser changes from the negative values to positive values. The time-averaged lift coefficient of riser is generally insensitive to oscillation frequency. However, it shows a large shift when changing the transverse positions or the amplitude of the wing is larger than π/6. Moreover, for various in-line positions, oscillating frequency and amplitude, the vortex shedding of the rigid riser, indicated by the main frequency of lift force, is always locked by the oscillating wing. However, when the transverse position is changing, the ratio of main frequency of lift coefficient to the swing frequency does not still remain 1:1. More concretely, the maximum time-averaged drag coefficient and lift coefficient Root-mean-square value of 0.559 and 1.629 is obtained in the simulation respectively.

Зонная структура и процессы в электронной системе кристаллов (Bi-=SUB=-2-x-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-)Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (0<x<2) по данным оптических исследований в инфракрасном диапазоне

The decrease in the resonance frequency of plasma oscillations of free charge carriers omegap with increasing temperature observed in Bi2-xSbx (0 <x <2) p-type crystals can only be partially explained by an increase in the polarization background of the crystal ε-infinity. Analysis of the experimental data suggests that the temperature change in omegap observed in the range from 80 to 300 K is also due to a decrease in the ratio of the concentration of free charge carriers to their effective mass p / m *. This can be explained by an increase in the effective mass of carriers with increasing temperature, as well as by the process of hole redistribution between nonequivalent extrema of the valence band, the existence of which is confirmed by the regularities of the temperature change in the optical band gap observed in the reflection spectra of infrared radiation. Key words: semiconductors, plasma resonance, concentration, effective mass of free charge carriers, electrical conductivity, thermal and optical band gap.

Acute blockade of NR2C/D subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors modifies sleep and neural oscillations in mice.

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in excitatory neurotransmission and have been associated with psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. NMDARs are composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits. The type of NR2 subunit determines electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the receptor. As the precise role of NR2C/D subunit-containing NMDARs is poorly understood in vivo, we have performed behavioural, quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) and polysomnographic analysis following acute pharmacological blockade of these receptor subtypes in adult male CD1 mice. We found that NR2C/D blockade impaired motor coordination and decreased the amount of gross movement. Moreover, EEG power in multiple frequency bands including theta and sigma were found to decrease significantly together with a decrease of theta oscillation frequency. Changes of these qEEG measures were accompanied by a decrease in time spent in slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep, but an increase of time spent in quiet wakefulness. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease of sleep spindle oscillation density. These findings highlight the importance of NR2C/D-containing NMDARs and take a step towards establishing a link between electrophysiological correlates of psychiatric disorders and underlying synaptic dysfunctions.

Experimental study on the forced oscillation of shock train in an isolator with background waves

The forced oscillation of shock train in an isolator with background waves have been investigated in a direct-connect wind tunnel. High-frequency pressure measurements were used to obtain the pressure histories in experiment and high-speed Schlieren technique was used to capture the shock train motion. Two types of oscillations during forced oscillation were studied and presented in detail. The large separation zone induced by leading shock is always located on one wall during type I oscillation, and switches between two walls during type II oscillation. Type II oscillation is a new type of oscillation that has not been observed in the forced oscillation occurring in an isolator with uniform incoming flow until now. During type II oscillation, the oscillation range of shock train is much larger than during type I oscillation, which makes type II oscillation have a greater impact on the performance and operating boundary of scramjet. The effect of backpressure oscillation amplitude and frequency on the two types of forced oscillation were studied. It was found that the backpressure oscillation amplitude and frequency have a significant effect on type I oscillation, but have little effect on type II oscillation. When the backpressure oscillation amplitude increases or the oscillation frequency decreases, the oscillation range of type I oscillation increases. If the backpressure oscillation amplitude is low or the oscillation frequency is high, type II oscillation does not exist. However, once type II oscillation occurs, its oscillation range does not change with the changes of backpressure oscillation amplitude and frequency. Finally, the different mechanisms of two oscillations were discussed. Type I oscillation is caused by backpressure perturbation and type II oscillation is caused by background waves.

Airflow driven fluid–structure interaction subjected to aqueous-based liquid spraying

Artificial saliva sprays are commonly used to remedy vocal folds surface hydration. Vocal folds surface hydration and its effect on their auto-oscillation are studied experimentally using artificial vocal folds. The airflow is used to excite the vocal folds into auto-oscillation after which the vocal folds surface is sprayed with a liquid. The validity of the findings described in a previous study [A. Bouvet, X. Pelorson, and A. Van Hirtum, “Influence of water spraying on an oscillating channel,” J. Fluids Struct. 93, 102840 (2020)] concerning the effect of water spraying is further investigated. First, artificial saliva sprays (up to 5 ml) are sprayed instead of water. It is shown that this allows us to address the effect of increased dynamic viscosity (up to 8 times compared to water) as other artificial saliva properties affecting air–liquid mixing and surface wettability remain similar to water. Second, the Reynolds number in the dry stage is systematically increased (with 60%) for constant spraying volume ≥3 ml. Regardless of the sprayed liquid and Reynolds number, oscillation cycles are characterized by an increase in mean upstream pressure, cycle-to-cycle variability, and a decrease in oscillation frequency due period doubling. Increasing the dynamic viscosity tends to reduce the magnitude of these tendencies for spraying volumes smaller than 3 ml, indicating that viscous liquid–gas mixing affects the flow regime. Systematic Reynolds number variation shows that liquid spraying increases the oscillation onset threshold pressure and that the magnitude of general tendencies is reduced. The assessed conditions and features are pertinent to human voice production after hydration with an artificial saliva spray burst.

Immunoassay of interferon gamma by quartz crystal microbalance biosensor

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a cytokine and an immunochemical marker that can be used for revealing of infectious diseases and especially for distinguishing of viral and some types of bacterial infections. Blood tests for IFNγ are typically based on immunoassays like Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In this paper, a biosensor working on the principle of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was developed as an alternative to the standard analytical methods for IFNγ. The biosensor contained antibodies against IFNγ immobilized on QCM and also on gold nanoparticles. A sandwich containing QCM, gold nanoparticles and IFNγ was formed and formation of the sandwich caused decrease of oscillation frequency. The assay exerted limit of detection 5.7 pg/ml for a sample sized 50 μl and one measuring cycle was finished within 90 min. The assay by biosensor fully correlated to standard ELISA. In a conclusion, the biosensor appears to be a fully applicable analytical tool for a simple assay of IFNγ. Overall simplicity and no special requirement on staff and equipment are the major advantages of the here presented assay.