Decrease In Systolic Blood Pressure Research Articles

Effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

To perform a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids. PubMed, Ovid/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and CINAHL databases were screened and the randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of tirzepatide on either blood pressure or lipid profiles were included. Seven randomized controlled trials have investigated the effects of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipid profiles. Regardless of the dose administered, tirzepatide resulted in significant decreases in systolic blood pressure of median -4.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] -5.17 to -3.23) mmHg for 5 mg, -5.34 (-6.31 to -4.37) mmHg for 10 mg, and -5.77 (-6.73 to -4.81) mmHg for 15 mg. At all three once-weekly doses, tirzepatide treatment resulted in significant decreases in total cholesterol levels: median -3.76% (95% CI -5.20% to -2.31%) for 5 mg; -4.63% (-6.07% to -3.19%) for 10 mg; and -5.93% (-7.36% to -4.49%) for 15 mg. Additionally, tirzepatide treatment led to increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Tirzepatide induced clinically meaningful reductions in the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, along with increases in the level of HDL cholesterol.

Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risks of central obesity and hypertension in young school-aged children: a large, population-based study

BackgroundPrevious studies examined the effects of breastfeeding on measured values of body circumferences or blood pressure during childhood. However, limited data are available for the association between child feeding and a specific disease diagnosed as central obesity or hypertension. Hence, we aimed to examine whether the type and duration of breastfeeding are associated with obesity/central obesity or hypertension in young school-aged children.MethodsWe matched the data obtained from a cross-sectional survey in 2019 with retrospective breastfeeding information recorded in the database. Heights, weights, waist circumferences, and blood pressures of 8480 children in first grade of primary schools in Shanghai, China were measured to diagnose obesity, central obesity, and hypertension. Data on child feeding was collected retrospectively from clinical records. Associations between the type/duration of breastfeeding and children’s measured values of body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure were analysed by linear regression. Associations between the type/duration of breastfeeding and risks of obesity, central obesity, and hypertension were analysed by generalised linear models.ResultsBreastfeeding duration was inversely associated with blood pressure values in children in the first grade. Each month’s increase in the duration of any breastfeeding was associated with a 0.07 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure (P < 0.01) and a 0.05 mmHg decrease in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01). Any breastfeeding > one month was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension (adjusted risk ratio 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.96, P = 0.01). Exclusive breastfeeding > one month was associated with a reduced risk of central obesity (adjusted risk ratio 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96, P = 0.02). Any breastfeeding > 12 months was linked with a lower risk of hypertension (adjusted risk ratio 0.83; 95% CI 0.70, 0.98, P = 0.03).ConclusionsLack of breastfeeding is associated with higher risks of central obesity and hypertension during middle childhood. As a potential component of the public health strategy to reduce population levels of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, breastfeeding could be a vital prevention strategy.

The Effectiveness of Aerobic Gymnastics Program in Lowering Blood Pressure in Elderly People with Hypertension: A Case Study in Cibungur Village

This study aims to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise program on lowering blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension in Cibungur Village. The study population consisted of 40 elderly people with certain inclusion criteria who lived in Cibungur Village and had the physical ability to perform gymnastic movements. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure data were measured before and after the implementation of the hypertensive gymnastics program. The research design used was pre-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design. Aerobic gymnastics programs involve movements such as High Footsteps, Boxing and Kicking Stances, Side Steps, Sliding Kicks, Skipping Ropes, and Body Stretching and Warm-Up. Gymnastics programs are run in regular sessions supervised by experienced instructors. Blood pressure measurement is done using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.&#x0D; The results showed that aerobic exercise programs produced positive changes in the blood pressure of elderly people with hypertension. There was a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after participating in the gymnastics program. Data analysis showed a significant impact of gymnastics programs in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive elderly populations.&#x0D; This research has important implications for efforts to prevent and manage hypertension in the elderly. Aerobic exercise programs can be an effective alternative and can be implemented easily to help lower blood pressure in the elderly population with hypertension. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and control groups can provide deeper insights into the benefits and effectiveness of gymnastics programs in the management of hypertension in the elderly.

Features of hemodynamic parameters during chronic and acute episodic introduction of ethanol to animals in model experiments

Diseases of the cardiovascular system continue to occupy the first place in the world among all causes of death in the population. One of the leading medical and social factors in the growth of the number of cardiovascular pathologies is alcohol consumption.The purpose of this work: to study the effect of chronic and acute episodic administration of ethanol on the features of hemodynamic parameters in rats.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on non-linear mature male rats. The group that underwent acute administration of ethanol every five days (days 1,6, 11, 16, 21) was intraperitoneally injected with a 20 % ethanol solution (5 g/kg).The group subjected to chronic alcoholization was offered 10 % ethanol solution as the only source of liquid for 21 days. Every five days in both groups, hemodynamic parameters such as systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR) were recorded.Results. With acute use of ethanol, already 30 minutes after administration, changes in hemodynamic parameters were found in the form of a decrease in SBP and DBP by an average of 43 %.60 minutes after the administration of ethanol, there was an increase in SBP and DBP by an average of 11 % relative to the initial data, which at the initial stage of alcohol consumption may be associated with a compensatory reaction of the cardiosystem in response to alcohol poisoning. Under conditions of chronic ethanol use, there was a decrease in the level of SBP, DBP and heart rate by an average of 16 % on the first day of the study, followed by their recovery to the initial values on the 21 st day of the study, which may be a sign of the development of a compensatory reaction of the body and indicate the beginning of the formation of alcoholic dependencies.Conclusions. Acute and chronic administration of ethanol has a significant, but at the same time multidirectional effect on hemodynamic parameters, which can serve as a trigger for the development of various cardiopathologies.

The Effect of Sitting Duration on Peripheral Blood Pressure Responses to Prolonged Sitting, With and Without Interruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

A previous meta-analysis reported that: (i) an acute bout of prolonged uninterrupted sitting induces a significant increase in peripheral blood pressure (BP) and (ii) the increase in BP can be offset by interrupting the sitting bout with light aerobic activities such as walking. However, the temporal association between prolonged uninterrupted sitting and BP was not determined. A better understanding of temporality, for example, how long it takes BP to increase, will assist in prescribing sitting interruption strategies. We aimed to determine: (1) the temporal association between the duration of uninterrupted sitting and BP and (2) whether regular sitting interruptions moderate the association between uninterrupted sitting and BP. Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to July 2022. Reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews were also screened. Inclusion criteria for objective (1) were: (i) participants aged ≥ 18years; (ii) a prolonged sitting bout ≥ 1h; and (iii) peripheral BP measurements (systolic BP, diastolic BP, and/or mean arterial pressure) at more than two timepoints during the sitting bout. Additional criteria for objective (2) were: (i) the sitting interruption strategy was implemented during the sitting bout (i.e., not prior to engaging in sitting) and (ii) the study included a control (uninterrupted sitting) condition or group. There were 1555 articles identified, of which 33 met inclusion criteria for objective (1). Of those articles, 20 met inclusion criteria for objective (2). To investigate the effect of sitting duration on the BP response, unstandardized b coefficients (mmHg/h) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a three-level mixed-effect meta-regression. Increased sitting duration was positively associated with systolic BP (b = 0.42mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.18-0.60), diastolic BP (b = 0.24mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.06-0.42), and mean arterial pressure (b = 0.66mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.36-0.90). In trials where sitting was interrupted, there was a significant decrease in systolic BP (b = - 0.24mmHg/h, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.06) and diastolic BP (b = - 0.24mmHg/h, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.12), and a non-significant change in mean arterial pressure (p = 0.69). Increased uninterrupted sitting duration results in greater increases in BP; however, regularly interrupting sitting may offset negative effects.

Abstract 058: Factors Contributing To Postprandial Hypotension In Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension

Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is defined as a sudden and substantial decrease (&gt;20 mmHg or &gt;10 mmHg) in blood pressure (BP) within two hours post meal intake; This condition is highly prevalent in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and is associated with pre-syncopal symptoms and postprandial syncope. We studied factors contributing to PPH in nOH. Patients were admitted at the Vanderbilt clinical research center and placed on a sodium-controlled diet. Autonomic function testing, including continuous recording of BP and heart rate (HR) during head up tilt, sinus arrhythmia, and Valsalva Maneuver, was performed. Subjects took a high-carbohydrate meal (~500 Kcal). Hemodynamic parameters were monitored every 5 mins for 30 minutes before and up to 120 minutes afterwards. Results: We recruited 13 patients with peripheral autonomic failure (Parkinson’s Disease), 62% males, 73±9.08 y.o. and 13 with central autonomic failure (Multiple System Atrophy), 69% males, 62±8.23 y.o. All subjects had a substantial SBP (-42.9 ±27.90 mmHg) and DBP (-20.8 ±15.2 mmHg) decrease within 3 mins of standing, without compensatory HR increase (11.64 ± 5.97 bpm). The orthostatic increase in HR adjusted by decrease in SBP was abnormal (0.4±0.43, normal&gt;0.5), sinus arrhythmia ratio was abnormal (1.05±0.04, normal&gt;1.2). Pressor response in Valsalva Maneuver showed impaired sympathetic vasoconstriction. Postprandial hemodynamic changes were analyzed with area under the curve (AUC) and at 30-min timepoint post meal, which was the nadir. PD had a larger DBP increase (907±214.83 mmHg vs.1209±277.68 mmHg MSA, P=0.016), MSA had a higher HR increase (1102±236 mmHg vs. 1318±199.82 mmHg, P=0.029). No difference was found in AUC SBP, however at 30-min post-meal, SBP was lower in PD (-25±24.19 mmHg vs. -3.3±15.05 mmHg MSA, P=0.026). Only supine SBP predicted the postprandial decrease in SBP at 30 min (r=-0.5, P=0.04). Conclusion: PPH is more severe in peripheral autonomic failure; supine BP was associated with PPH.

Abstract 035: Early Depletion Of Activated Neutrophils Ameliorates Ang Ii-induced Hypertension In Gstm1 Deficient Mice

Background: Glutathione-S-transferase Mu1( Gstm1 ) gene encodes an enzyme that functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds. The common GSTM1 deletion variant in humans is associated with increased risks of chronic kidney disease progression. We reported that deletion of Gstm1 in mice increases oxidative stress, kidney inflammation and injury in angiotensin II induced hypertension (Ang II-HTN). Bone marrow cross-transplantation suggested a chemotaxis signal originating from the kidney. Moreover, we recently found that global deletion of Gstm1 significantly increased neutrophil chemotaxis response to CXCL1 and CXCL2 in vitro and kidney neutrophil populations early in Ang II-HTN by day 4. To test whether early activation of neutrophil mediates inflammation and kidney injury in Gstm1 KO mice, we depleted neutrophils using Ly6G antibody. Methods: Gstm1 KO male mice (12 weeks old) on 129S6 background were used for the study. After a 2-week training period, baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail cuff daily for 2 weeks. For neutrophil depletion, Ly6G antibody (1A8, BioXcell ) (n=3) or control IgG (2A3)(n=2) were injected IP (200 μg/mouse) at 48hr and 24hr before Ang II mini-osmotic pump was implanted (1000 ng/kg/minute). A third IP injection was performed at day 4 after the Ang II. SBP was measured for 8 days during Ang II-HTN. FACS analysis was performed at day 8 post Ang II to determine the efficiency of neutrophil depletion. Results: Compared to control IgG, Ly6G antibody significantly depleted neutrophil populations in the kidney, bone marrow, and spleen by 95%, 97%, and 93%, respectively. Baseline SBP was similar between the two groups (129.5 ± 6.7 vs 128.3 ± 0.8 mm Hg, p = 0.9). In Ang II-HTN, depletion of neutrophils with Ly6G antibody in Gstm1 KO mice resulted in a trend in decrease in SBP compared to control antibody (154.7 ± 17.9 vs 182.6 ± 2.6 mm Hg; p = 0.13). Conclusion: Loss of Gstm1 activates neutrophils early in Ang II-HTN. Successful depletion of neutrophils in Gstm1 KO mice decreased blood pressure in response to Ang II. Further studies are underway to confirm the pressor response and to determine whether depletion of neutrophils early in Ang II-HTN can ameliorate kidney inflammation and injury in GSTM1 deficiency.

Assessment of the psychomotor fitness level of cadet pilots after a 6-month flight training period - pilot study.

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of 6-month aviation practice on the improvement of physical fitness and cognitive abilities of cadet pilots.Materials and methodsTwenty cadet pilots (men) with an average age of 22 from the Polish Air Force Academy were tested. Two tests of effort were conducted: before (test I) and after (test II) practical flights. Test of physical effort relyed on the number of rotations of looping accomplished. When performing rotations on looping, in tests I and II, the percentage level of task performance was assessed using a diagnostic and training device. Tasks for the exerciser were sent wirelessly to the glasses from the operator’s position. The heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured with a camera-type Microlife AG.ResultsIn test II, there was a statistically significant improvement in the percentage of task completion (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and an insignificant improvement in the performance of rotations on looping compared to test I. After Test I and II demonstrated a statistically significant increase in HR and systolic blood pressure when compared to before test values. Test II illustrated a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure after effort (p &amp;lt; 0.05) with regard to test I.ConclusionThe study showed that cadet aviation practice ameliorated their physical fitness and cognitive skills, as well as helped to diminish their situational stress, which resulted in a decrease in systolic blood pressure after test II.

Penerapan Terapi Pijat Refleksi Untuk Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi di RSUD dr. Soeratno Gemolong

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease, in general, it has no known complaints, so it is known as the silent killer, characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure of ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic ≥90 mmHg. One of the factors in the occurrence of hypertension is the age factor, hypertension in the elderly is more important to be treated because of the pathogenesis, course of the disease, and its management. Non-pharmacological treatment can overcome hypertension and is useful for improving the quality of life of patients and preventing complications, one of the non-pharmacological actions is massage therapy (reflexology). To find out the results of the implementation regarding giving reflexology therapy to reduce blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. using a case study design, subjects in 2elderly with hypertension who were treated at RSUD dr. Soeratno Gemolong, using a tensimeter to measure blood pressure before and after therapy. obtained an average decrease in systolic blood pressure of 5.2 mmHg and an average decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 5 mmHg after being given reflexology massage therapy.

Sex differences in effect of patients-centered intervention on blood pressure in patients with hypertension

Hypertension exhibits sex-related differences in its causes, symptoms, and complications. In this study, we aimed to confirm the efficacy of hypertension intervention by applying a patient-centered approach based on sex differences. We enrolled 95 hypertensive patients in this prospective quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study. The patient-centered lifestyle intervention included penalized nutrition and exercise education in 30-min one-on-one sessions. Before the intervention, we conducted a pretest to evaluate physical examination, behavioral status, quality of life (QoL), blood pressure (BP) measurements, and routine blood tests. The same evaluations were conducted again in a posttest after 3 months. After 3 months of patient-centered intervention, all patients showed a decrease in systolic BP by 2.87 mmHg and diastolic BP by 1.04 mmHg. However, there was no significant difference in BP between men and women after the 3-month follow-up. There were differences in lipid profiles based on sex, with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreasing in men and increasing in women. Behavioral and QoL scores improved after the intervention; however, there was no significant difference based on sex. A patient-centered lifestyle intervention for hypertensive patients can effectively lower BP, and sex-specific risk factors affecting its efficacy have been identified.

Screening for orthostatic hypotension in the geriatric population in a real-world primary care setting reduces prescribed antihypertensive medications.

To determine if outpatient screening for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in the geriatric population results in fewer prescribed antihypertensive medications and if a relationship exists between OH and specific pharmacologic classes of antihypertensive medications. Patients ≥ 65 years were screened for OH, defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 20 mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 10 mm Hg after standing for 3 minutes. Sitting blood pressure (BP) was measured after patients had been seated quietly in an exam room. Patients then stood for approximately 3 minutes at which time standing BP was recorded. OH prevalence was 18%. Standing DBP was significantly different between the two groups (70 mmHg ± 18, 80 mmHg ± 13, P = 0.007). Compared to patients without OH, patients with OH were more likely to have been previously prescribed beta-blockers (56% vs. 32%, P = 0.056) and potassium-sparing diuretics (11% vs. 1%, P = 0.026). Physicians discontinued an antihypertensive medication more often in patients who screened positive for OH than in to those who did not (17% vs. 4%, P = 0.037). Calcium channel blockers were the most frequently discontinued class of medication. Asymptomatic OH is prevalent in geriatric patients. Screening for OH may lead to de-escalation of antihypertensive regimen and a reduction in polypharmacy. Positive screening for OH was associated with de-prescribing of antihypertensive medications. Prior use of beta-blockers and potassium-sparing diuretics was most largely associated with OH.

The physiologic complexity of beat-to-beat blood pressure is associated with age-related alterations in blood pressure regulation.

The fluctuations in resting-state beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) are physiologically complex, and the degree of such BP complexity is believed to reflect the multiscale regulation of this critical physiologic process. Hypertension (HTN), one common age-related condition, is associated with altered BP regulation and diminished system responsiveness to perturbations such as orthostatic change. We thus aimed to characterize the impact of HTN on resting-state BP complexity, as well as the relationship between BP complexity and both adaptive capacity and underlying vascular characteristics. We recruited 392 participants (age: 60-91 years), including 144 that were normotensive and 248 with HTN (140 controlled- and 108 uncontrolled-HTN). Participants completed a 10-min continuous finger BP recording during supine rest, then underwent measures of lying-to-standing BP change, arterial stiffness (i.e., brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity), and endothelial function (i.e., flow-mediated vasodilation). The complexity of supine beat-to-beat systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP was quantified using multiscale entropy. Thirty participants with HTN (16 controlled-HTN and 14 uncontrolled-HTN) exhibited orthostatic hypotension. SBP and DBP complexity was greatest in normotensive participants, lower in those with controlled-HTN, and lowest in those in uncontrolled-HTN (p < 0.0005). Lower SBP and DBP complexity correlated with greater lying-to-standing decrease in SBP and DBP level (β = -0.33 to -0.19, p < 0.01), greater arterial stiffness (β = -0.35 to -0.18, p < 0.01), and worse endothelial function (β = 0.17-0.22, p < 0.01), both across all participants and within the control- and uncontrolled-HTN groups. These results suggest that in older adults, BP complexity may capture the integrity of multiple interacting physiologic mechanisms that regulate BP and are important to cardiovascular health.

The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Quality of Life and 6-Minute Walk Test in Breast Cancer Survivors

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women, contributing to 24.6% of malignancies in females and responsible for 15% of all cancer-related deaths among women worldwide.[1] Over the last 20 years, BC survival rates have significantly improved.[1] However, this survivorship is often marked by fatigue, poor quality of life (QoL), reduced functional capacity along with treatment-related adverse effects.[2] The implementation of a model similar to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program as a preventive strategy may provide a potential solution to improve functional capacity, quality of life and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cancer survivors.[3] Objective to investigate the effect of 12-week completed cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life (using FACT-B questionnaire) and 6-minute walk test in breast cancer survivors. Patients and Methods In this 2-arm parallel prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, sixty breast cancer survivors 3 months to 1 year after completion of chemotherapy were recruited at Ain Shams University hospitals and divided into two groups Study group (n = 30); participated in 12-week CR program and Control group (n = 30) did not participate in CR program but still received the usual cancer care. Cardiac rehabilitation program consisted of education, diet control, drug adherence, 12 weeks exercise sessions, Behavior and psychosocial management, Sexual activity education Smoking cessation. Functional capacity was assessed before and after study period by sixminute walk test (6MWT) and exercise test (using modified Bruce protocol). All patients were personally interviewed for assessment of quality of life before and after study period using (FACT-B) questionnaire. In addition patients underwent echocardiography assessment before and after study period. Result Sixty female breast cancer survivors were enrolled. Nine patients dropped from CR program, some due to social commitments (n = 2), others due to long distance issues (n = 2), and the remaining were not interested in continuing the program (n = 5). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, baseline BMI, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, medical history, chemotherapy protocol, and radiation. When comparing two groups, the study group showed significant increase in age-predicted 6MWD (p = 0.02), ET (p &amp;lt; 0.001), METs (p &amp;lt; 0.001), QoL score (p &amp;lt; 0.001), along with significant decrease in SBP (p &amp;lt; 0.001), HR (p &amp;lt; 0.001), RPP (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that completed cardiac rehabilitation program improves functional capacity and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Recommendation We recommend that multicomponent supervised cardiac rehabilitation program should be incorporated within the usual care of breast cancer survivor

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FAMILY MENTORING MODEL TO DECREASE BLOOD PRESSURE OF HYPERTENSIVE CLIENTS

Introduction: Hypertension is the most common disease and usually arises without complaints so many clients do not know that they have suffered from hypertension. Until now Hypertension is still a major problem and is the first cause of death in the world. This study aims to find out the Effectiveness of Family Mentoring Model against decreased Blood Pressure of hypertensive clients.&#x0D; Method: The research design used quasi-Randomized Control Group Pre-Test Post Test Design experiments on 120 hypertensive clients using purposive sampling. Model interventions are given for 8 weeks, and home visits are made once a week. Data analysis using independent and dependent t tests.&#x0D; Result: The results showed that the model intervention effectively lowers the blood pressure of hypertensive clients. This was indicated by a systolic blood pressure decrease of 18.8 mmHg significantly after the model intervention and significantly different (p_value : 0.0001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decrease of 11.1 mmHg after model intervention and significantly different (p_value : 0.0001). This model is recommended to be implemented in all areas of work of public health centers as an effort to control hypertension.

Aspectos moleculares y mecanismos de acción delos inhibidores de SGLT-2: más allá del controlglucémico.

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2i) inhibitors effectively improve glycemic control and reduce body weight and cardiovascular risk. Currently, they have clear indications of heart failure and diabetic nephropathy.Objective of the review: The present narrative study aims to describe the biochemical mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of SGLT2i in ERD and its new indications in heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Essential points of the review:• SGLT2 i also has direct myocardial effects, which include the reduction of ventricular hypertrophy, the inhibitionof sympathetic tone, and the natriuretic impact, which produces a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 5 mmHg.• Metabolic effects include a decrease in serum lipids, a weight loss of 3 kilos in 6 months, and a decrease in adiposetissue at the liver level with continuous fat mass loss.• Other experimental uses are applied in the field of cognitive impairment in diabetic patients. Conclusion: With a diverse therapeutic effect, not limited to the single mechanism of lowering blood glucose levels, SGLT2i has new innovative indications.

Psychological, physiological, and biochemical correlations after negative emotional videos in college students with and without premenstrual syndrome.

Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) suffer heavily from emotional problems, the pathogenesis of which is believed to be related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, autonomic nervous system (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS). We took into account all 3 aspects to observed the psychological, physiological and biochemical correlations under anger and sadness in college students with and without PMS. 33 students with PMS and 24 healthy students participated in the emotion induction experiment, and were required to fill out self-report scales. Their salivary cortisol (SCort), skin conductivity level (SCL), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected at the resting stage and 10-15 minutes after each video. Compared to healthy controls, students with PMS showed lower SCort level and higher VLF at rest, and no statistic difference in activities of ANS and HPA axis after emotional videos, but different results in EEG in all conditions. The decreases in SBP during angry video, SCort after angry and neutral videos, and increases in θ band power during sad video were moderately correlated with increases in PMS score. No intergroup differences were found in self-report emotions. Students with PMS had lower activity of HPA axis and possibly higher activity of PNS at rest, and different response patterns in CNS in all conditions. Several EEG frequencies, especially θ band, in specific encephalic regions during emotional videos, as well as declined HPA activities in dealing with angry and neutral stressors, in which γ activity in frontal lobe may play a role, showed moderate correlations with more severe PMS.

Impact of naturopathy and yoga based intervention on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among metabolic syndrome individuals – A prospective single arm study

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in most developed and developing countries, thus representing one of the most significant health problems across the globe. The association between metabolic syndrome and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases has been proven by large multicentric studies. Calculating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk has been advocated as a preventive strategy. A little is known about its utility and applicability of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk calculation in individuals predisposed to cardiovascular diseases such as individuals with metabolic syndrome. Practice of a multifaceted naturopathy and yoga-based lifestyle is likely to improve cardiovascular health outcomes and may reduce healthcare costs in high-risk populations. Hence the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of naturopathy and yoga-based lifestyle intervention on the calculated atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk among metabolic syndrome individuals. MethodsThis prospective single arm study recruited 70 individuals of both genders, with metabolic syndrome based on eligibility criteria. They underwent 10 days of supervised intensive naturopathy and yoga-based lifestyle intervention in a residential center. Blood pressure, Anthropometric measures and metabolic risk factors were assessed before and after the intervention. ResultsThere was also a substantial decrease in both systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. There was a noteworthy decrease in weight (p < 0.001), Body mass index (p < 0.001), Waist circumference (p < 0.001), Hip circumference (p < 0.001) and Waist Hip Ratio (p = 0.005). The metabolic risk factors Fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001), Total cholesterol (p < 0.001), Triglycerides (p < 0.001), High-density lipoprotein (p < 0.01), Low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.01), Very low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001), TC/HDL (p < 0.001) and non-HDL (p < 0.001) also showed a significant reduction. The 10-year (p < 0.001) and lifetime risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk was assessed and found to be significantly reduced after the intervention. ConclusionA multidimensional intensive naturopathy and yoga-based lifestyle could be explored as a non-invasive and cost-effective measure in the mitigation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk in predisposed individuals.

Effects of rope skipping exercise on physical, cardiovascular fitness and exercise tolerance in adolescent students with moderate intellectual disability.

Adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) who live a sedentary lifestyle may lead to an increased risk of chronic cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 8-week progressive rope skipping training on physical, cardiovascular fitness and exercise tolerance of high school students with moderate ID. Thirty-four senior high school with ID (aged 15-18years old) were randomised into experimental group received progressive skipping rope exercise (RS, n=17) and control group no rope skipping exercise intervention group (CON, n=17). The RS group were received progressive rope skipping exercise for 50min each time, three times a week, for 8weeks. The control group was not allowed to participate in intervention activities during the study period. The physical fitness, body composition, arterial stiffness index (ASI) and blood pressure were measured before and after the 8-week intervention. After the 8-week progressive skipping rope exercise intervention, the participants from the RS group increased in the 3-min step test, sit-up test, grip strength and sit and reach test, when compared to the baseline (P<0.05). The RS group exhibited lower the area under curve of heart rate (HR) during post-exercise recovery (P<0.05). The participants in the RS group showed significant decreases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR when compared to the baseline (P<0.05). Change SBP has moderate positive correlation with change ASI. The results of this experiment suggest that progressive rope skipping exercise might improve physical fitness and promote cardiovascular health, as well as enhance exercise tolerance for adolescent students with moderate ID.

Air pollution attenuated the benefits of physical activity on blood pressure: Evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional study

IntroductionAlthough physical activity (PA) has multiple health benefits, the inhaled dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during PA may increase. The trade-off between harmful effects of PM2.5 exposure and protective effects of PA remain unclear. Our study aims to examine the joint effects of PA and PM2.5 exposure on blood pressure (BP) in Chinese adults. MethodsA total of 203,108 adults aged ≥ 18 years from the China Hypertension Survey study (2012–2015) were included. Individual-level PA was assessed as minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week). The average weekly PM2.5 exposures were estimated by using a spatial resolution of 10 km, integrating multiple data sources, including monitoring values, satellite measurements and model simulations. BP was measured with a professional portable BP monitor. Generalized linear regressions were used to estimate joint associations and to further explore two-dimensional nonlinear associations. ResultsThe median PA and 4-week PM2.5 average exposures were 3213.0 MET-min/week and 47.8 μg/m3, respectively. PA was negatively associated with BP, while PM2.5 exposure was positively with BP. The associations between PA and systolic BP were significantly modified by PM2.5 exposure (Pinteraction < 0.001). Compared with inactive participants under low PM2.5 exposure, those with highest level of PA under low PM2.5 exposure had a 0.90 (95 % CI: 0.53, 1.26) mmHg decrease in systolic BP, whereas they had a 0.48 (95 % CI: 0.07, 0.89) mmHg increase under high PM2.5 exposure. When PM2.5 exposure was approximately > 25 μg/m3, the joint exposure to total PA and PM2.5 was associated with an increase in systolic BP. ConclusionsThe benefits of PA on BP were counteracted by high PM2.5 levels.

Autonomic Cardioregulatory Function Does Not Correlate With Symptom Improvement After Concussion in Children and Adolescents.

Although there is significant variability in the manifestations of persisting post-concussive symptoms (PPCS), autonomic dysfunction has been reported to contribute to PPCS and could serve as a biomarker of recovery. The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic reflexes and autonomic function after concussion injury comparing those with prolonged concussion symptoms to those without. This is a case-control study where a non-referred population of concussed children or adolescent participants were enrolled from the Emergency Department (ED) of the Stollery Children's Hospital, a tertiary pediatric hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Children and adolescents 8 through <18 years of age who presented with mild traumatic brain injury were diagnosed with concussion. Our study reported concussion symptoms and standardized clinical cardiac autonomic reflex testing at 4 and 12 weeks after injury. Our findings showed that 28 participants with concussion completed the 4-week follow-up questionnaires, and that 17 (61%) were diagnosed with PPCS. Difficulty concentrating, fatigue, noise sensitivity, light sensitivity, and headache were most commonly reported at baseline among those who were later diagnosed with PPCS. The mean change in heart rate (HR) with head-up tilt was 44.2 bpm (standard deviation [SD] 9.1) in the non-PPCS group and 46.6 bpm (SD 14.1) in the PPCS group at 4 weeks and was not significant in the unadjusted (p = 0.2) or adjusted analysis for age and female sex (p = 0.2). Overall, 70% (19/27) had significant orthostatic tachycardia >40 bpm, but PPCS and non-PPCS groups were similar. Similar results were observed among 23 participants at 12-week follow-up. The median maximum decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) with head-up tilt was -26.9 mm Hg (interquartile range [IQR] -32.6, -22.3) in the non-PPCS group and -25.1 mm Hg (IQR -32.2, -18.2) in the PPCS group, and was not significantly different in the unadjusted (p = 0.8) or adjusted (p = 0.8) analysis. Overall, 19 of 26 participants (73%) demonstrated orthostatic hypotension (SBP change >20 mm Hg) with no significant difference between the PPCS and non-PPCS groups. Similar results were observed at 12-week follow-up. In conclusion, cardiac autonomic reflex responses are abnormal in most children and adolescents with a concussion injury at 4- and 12-week follow-up and may reflect ongoing autonomic dysfunction. However, autonomic function did not differentiate PPCS, indicating that reported symptoms are not sensitive to autonomic abnormalities.