Decrease In Level Of Depression Research Articles

Effectiveness of compassion-based interventions at work: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis considering process evaluation and training transfer

The aim of this study sought to systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of compassion-based interventions in the workplace. This study examines the mechanisms of the evaluation process and the elements that promote training transfer and its effects on well-being. Through rigorous systematic review methods, a total of nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results of the random effect model indicate a standardized mean difference of -.24, 95% CI [-.62, .14], suggesting a non-significant decrease in stress levels between pre- and post-compassion training. Similarly, the standardized mean difference of -.096, 95% CI [-.50, .31] suggests a non-significant decrease in depression levels between pre- and post-compassion training. These findings indicate that there were no significant differences in the effects of the interventions. Even more, six studies met the key components of the process evaluation and none measured training transfer. According to these results, we proposed in the current study a "Framework for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Compassion-based Interventions in the Workplace," which offers guidelines for quality designing, implementing, and evaluating compassion-based interventions in the workplace, considering four key components: Structural Elements, Process Evaluation, Training Transfer and Well-being Outcomes. This study highlights the importance of improving the methodology of studies, conducting larger-scale trials, and focusing on the key components of compassion-based interventions. Additionally, exploring training transfer and its impact on well-being is suggested. These findings provide a foundation for future research in the field of compassion-based interventions in the workplace.

Pengaruh Terapi Konseling terhadap Tingkat Depresi Pasien Melalui Pemeriksaan Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview

This study aims to determine the effect of counseling therapy on the level of depression in patients at the Mekarsari Community Health Center as measured by the MINI Form (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). This research is a quasi-experimental quantitative research conducted using patient data based on MINI results, with a sample of 43 for the intervention group and 37 patients for the control group. The research results show that there is strong evidence showing the effectiveness of counseling therapy in reducing levels of depression. Based on research results, patients who were given counseling therapy experienced a decrease in depression levels, while the control group who were not given counseling experienced an increase in depression levels in patients in the Mekar Sari Health Center working area. The conclusion is that counseling therapy using MINI is effective in reducing the level of depression in respondents, as can be seen from the significant reduction in MINI scores after the intervention. Test results in the control group also showed a significant impact. These findings confirm the positive contribution of counseling therapy in overcoming depression, with statistical effects in both groups. Keywords: Counseling Therapy, SRQ, MINI.

How spousal cognitive functioning affects the level of depression in middle-aged and older adults: An instrumental variable study based on CHARLS in China.

A better understanding of the causal relationship between spousal cognitive functioning and depression levels among middle-aged and older adults is vital for effective health policymaking under the globally severe aging challenge. However, the related evidence is often limited by potential omitted-variable bias and reverse causation. This study uses an instrumental variables approach, namely the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method, to examine the impact of spousal cognitive functioning on depression levels among middle-aged and older adults in China. The data were sourced from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) of 2020, including a total of 3,710 couples aged 45 years and above. Depression levels were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), while cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Spousal social participation was employed as the instrumental variable to address omitted-variable bias and reverse causation. Additionally, an interaction effect test between gender and spousal cognitive functioning was conducted. The results show that for each one-point increase in the spouse's MMSE score, the CES-D-10 score of middle-aged and older adults decreased by 17.1% to 68.2%. The OLS results indicated that women, rural residents, and middle-aged individuals were more sensitive to these changes. The interaction effect test results confirmed that women were more affected by changes in spousal cognitive functioning. However, after a more reliable 2SLS analysis, the results for age groups shifted, showing that middle-aged individuals were more sensitive to these changes, with a decrease in depression levels reaching 70.0%, compared to 60.2% for the elderly group. Nonetheless, given the prevalence of depression among the elderly, the impact of spousal cognitive decline on depression in this group should not be overlooked. Our findings highlight the importance of spousal cognitive health in managing depression among both middle-aged and older adults, with particular attention to women and rural populations.

Implementation of “Positive Affirmation Therapy” in Depression Patients with Low Self Esteem Problems

Low self-esteem can be caused by health problems, which are linked to poor interpersonal relationships and an increased risk of depression. Low self-esteem is accompanied by negative feelings which are the root cause of loss of self-confidence and represent weak self-esteem. The aim of this research is to find out how positive affirmation therapy is implemented to reduce levels of depression and improve low self-esteem. The type of research is descriptive in the form of a case study to explore the implementation of positive affirmation therapy in depressed patients with low self-esteem problems in the Ariodilah Public Health Center area of Palembang and the research subjects to be studied are 3 patients, namely depressed patients with low self-esteem problems. The results of the study showed that positive affirmation therapy in depressed patients with low self-esteem problems showed a decrease in depression levels and an increase in low self-esteem

Effectiveness of Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Depression in Pregnancy

The high prevalence of depression in developed and developing countries requires a relevant intervention to suppress its incidence. Mindfulness-based intervention is given online as a new complementary intervention that can help reduce symptoms of depression. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in pregnancy. This research method used a randomized control trial, with 66 participants consisting of the mindfulness-based Intervention (MBI) group of 33 participants and the control group of 33 participants. The MBI intervention was provided for eight weeks online. The study uses simple random sampling. Depression was assessed using DASS 42. Data were tested using the Mann-Whitney U Test and t-test and processed with SPSS version 23. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in depression levels in the online MBI group after being given intervention compared to the control group (7.55 ± 2.181 vs 11.00 ± 2.345) p=0.000. Mindfulness-based intervention online can reduce depressive symptoms in pregnant women, so that the intervention becomes a feasible, cheap and easy intervention for pregnant women in improving mental health. In the future, this research can develop other types of complementary interventions to improve maternal and fetal health.

The impact of nursing phone counseling on depression and anxiety in family caregivers

Introduction: Family caregivers play a large supportive role in the care of patients suffering from special conditions, such as trauma and stroke. This makes them to be at risks of variety of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. Effective communication and nursing consulting can play an important role in managing anxiety and depression in family caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tele-counseling on the improvement of depression and anxiety in family caregivers of patients with trauma and stroke. Methods: This is a clinical trial study with 80 caregivers of stroke survivors discharged from Hospital. Inclusion criteria included being the primary caregiver, over 15 years of age, lack of cognitive impairment (dementia and delirium), lack of mourning experience for the past 6 months, and patient care for at least 2 months at home. Study tools included Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed using t test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and ANOVA tests in SPSS software. Results: In the experimental group, there was a significant decrease in levels of depression and anxiety of family caregivers of traumatic patients, but no significant difference was observed in the control group before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Nursing telephone consulting reduced the level of depression and anxiety of family caregivers of traumatic patients. Therefore, the development of desirable protocols for tele-counseling to support acute and chronic disease caregivers is suggested.

Open-Label placebo for the treatment of unipolar depression: Results from a randomized controlled trial

IntroductionThe response to placebo is robust in studies of various antidepressant treatments. The strong placebo response, combined with the absence of side-effects, has prompted suggestions to use the ethically sound open-label placebo (OLP) as a treatment for depression.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of OLP in the setting of a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of unipolar depression.MethodsThirty-eight patients (28 females, 73.7%) were randomized to either an eight-week treatment with OLP (n=18) or four week of treatment as usual (TAU) followed by four weeks of OLP (n=20). Clinical and socio-demographic measures were assessed at baseline, after four weeks, and at the end of the trial. Response to treatment was determined using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS SR-16).ResultsThere was an overall decrease in depression levels over time, F(2,35) = 3.98, p = .028). A significant group x time interaction was found only among non-geriatric patients (<65y) with an early onset of depression (<50y), F(2,22) = 3.89, p = .036]. Post-hoc tests indicated a significant decrease during the first four weeks, but only in the OLP group, t(11) = 2.29, p = .043. Table 1:Demographic measures of OLP and TAU patients.MeasuresOLP (n = 18)TAU (n =20)Statistical analysesAge (years) [Mean ± SD]48.17 ± 16.8651.65 ± 17.68t(36) = -0.62, p = .539Education level (years) [Mean ± SD]15.61 ± 3.6614.22 ± 2.62t(34) = 1.31, p = .200Gender (male/female) [no.]4 / 146 / 14X2(1) = 0.30, p = .587Age of onset (years) [Mean ± SD]34.19 ± 15.8232.45 ± 17.72t(36) = 0.32, p= .752Number of depressive episodes (no.) [Mean ± SD]2.58 ± 2.616.64 ± 9.16t(21) = -1.47, p = .156Number of hospitalizations (no.) [Mean ± SD]0.12 ± 0.330.17 ± 0.38t(33)= -0.40, p = .689NotesOLP = Open label placebo; SD = Standard deviation; TAU = Treatment as usual.Image 3:ConclusionsOur findings support the possibility that OLP is an effective treatment for the relatively young population of patients suffering from depression. Additional studies are warranted in order to explore the use of open-label placebo in clinical work.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) on male sexual health

<h3>Objectives</h3> During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was an increase in the amount of men seeking treatment at urology outpatient clinics for sexual complaints. However, it is unknown whether this condition is directly related to COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health was explored in the present study. <h3>Methods</h3> Individuals in the male sexual health cohort of our clinic were retrospectively examined. Men who applied to our clinic in the last 6 months and had a history of COVID-19 afterward were invited for an assesment at the 3rd month post COVID-19. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), and prolactin (PRL) levels were all measured. Furthermore, the Premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), the Chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), the International Index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5), the Beck depression inventory (BDI), and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) scores were recorded. The pre-covid and post-covid data of the subjects were compared. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age of the participants was 34.8±7.7, the mean body mass index was 26.82±5.3, and the mean modified Charlson comorbidity index was 0.2±0.41. COVID-19 severity was mild in 19/25 (76%) and moderate in 6/25 (24%) of the subjects. LH, FSH, TT, and PRL levels did not differ between precovid and postcovid periods (p>0.05). There was no significant change in PEDT, NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, or BAI scale scores in the postcovid period (p>0.05), although there was an remarkable decrease in BDI scores as compared to the precovid period (p>0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> While there was no difference in sex hormone levels or scale scores used to assess premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, chronic prostatitis, or anxiety, we noticed an unanticipated decrease in depression levels in individuals recovering from COVID-19. More precise results on the impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health could be revealed in future cohort studies with higher case numbers. <h3>Conflicts of Interest</h3> The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) on male sexual health

During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was an increase in the amount of men seeking treatment at urology outpatient clinics for sexual complaints. However, it is unknown whether this condition is directly related to COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health was explored in the present study. Individuals in the male sexual health cohort of our clinic were retrospectively examined. Men who applied to our clinic in the last 6 months and had a history of COVID-19 afterward were invited for an assesment at the 3rd month post COVID-19. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), and prolactin (PRL) levels were all measured. Furthermore, the Premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), the Chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), the International Index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5), the Beck depression inventory (BDI), and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) scores were recorded. The pre-covid and post-covid data of the subjects were compared. The mean age of the participants was 34.8±7.7, the mean body mass index was 26.82±5.3, and the mean modified Charlson comorbidity index was 0.2±0.41. COVID-19 severity was mild in 19/25 (76%) and moderate in 6/25 (24%) of the subjects. LH, FSH, TT, and PRL levels did not differ between precovid and postcovid periods (p>0.05). There was no significant change in PEDT, NIH-CPSI, IIEF-5, or BAI scale scores in the postcovid period (p>0.05), although there was an remarkable decrease in BDI scores as compared to the precovid period (p>0.05). While there was no difference in sex hormone levels or scale scores used to assess premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, chronic prostatitis, or anxiety, we noticed an unanticipated decrease in depression levels in individuals recovering from COVID-19. More precise results on the impact of COVID-19 on male sexual health could be revealed in future cohort studies with higher case numbers. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Yoga's Therapeutic Effect on Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In recent years, the incidence of perinatal depression in female population is very high. Perinatal depression has adverse effects on the physical and mental health of mothers and children. However, according to current researches, Yoga has been considered as an effective exercise that can help pregnant women to regulate their emotions. Thus, this review reports the effectiveness of yoga on perinatal depression. We reviewed all of the relevant RCT (Randomized Control Trial, RCT) studies published until June 2021 from the major open-access databases. 12 RCTs were selected and included in this study, and the total number of people included in the analysis in the combined study was 594. The level of depression and anxiety of participants was evaluated using detailed and recognized scale. Compared with the control group, the yoga intervention group indicates a statistically significant decrease in depression levels (SMD (Standardised Mean Difference, SMD), -2.31; 95% CI, -3.67 to -0.96; P=0.139) and anxiety (SMD, -4.75; 95% CI, -8.3 to -1.19; P=0.002). In addition, we also conducted a subgroup analysis according to the type of population. The subgroup analysis successfully reduced the level of heterogeneity and the results indicated that the difference in population types in the combined analysis leads to the higher heterogeneity. The SMD value for healthy women is -2.3 (95% CI, -4.83 to 0.23) and for depressed women is -9.02 (95% CI, -11.42 to -6.62). Finally, the meta-analysis results of the self-control group prove that yoga can reduce the depression scores (SMD, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.90 to 8.56; P=0.049) compared with baseline. Yoga can effectively relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety in the perinatal period, which can be used as an auxiliary treatment option clinically.

The Effect of an Aerobic Exercise Period on Levels of Depression and Interleukin- 6 Cytokine During Pregnancy and Postpartum in NMRI Mice

Background and Objectives Depression during pregnancy is a common mental disorder that has many side effects, including a disorder of the immune system. Recently, the available evidence supports the use of aerobic exercise interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise period on levels of depression and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration during pregnancy and postpartum in NMRI female mice. Methods In this experimental and baseline study, 40 female NMRI mice with an approximate age of 80- 90 days and a weight of 22-25 g were divided into four groups: Non Exercise in Pregnancy, Non Exercise in Postpartum, Exercise in Pregnancy, Exercise in Postpartum. After seeing the vaginal plaque and confirming the day of pregnancy of the animals, two running wheels were placed inside the cage of each pregnant animal for aerobic activity. In order to induce depression during pregnancy and postpartum, pregnant mice from day 5 to 19 of pregnancy were exposed to stress for three sessions a day, and to assess depression levels, the rate of delay in access to food after 24 hours of food deprivation was measured in seconds. At the end of the protocol, blood samples were taken from the heart to assess IL-6 and the data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) . Results According to the findings of this study, moderate and low intensity aerobic exercise during pregnancy as well as in the postpartum period led to a significant decrease in levels of depression (P&lt;0.05) and concentration of IL-6 as an inflammatory cytokine in trained mice compared to sedentary mice (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion This results of the present study showed, the aerobic activity used was able to reduce the levels of depression and the concentration of inflammatory factor IL-6 during pregnancy and postpartum. Therefore, low-intensity aerobic activity can probably be used as a non-pharmacological intervention during this period to reduce depressive symptoms and improve immune function.

Effect of Mandala Art on Psychological Wellbeing among Physiotherapy Undergraduates of Age 18-22 Years

Objective - To find effect of Mandala Art Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Stress by DASS- 21 scale.Methodology – Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee.56 participantsfulfilling the Inclusion Criteria were selected. The motive and procedure of the study was explained andinstructions were given about the protocol of the study. 5 sessions of Mandala Art Therapy were given to theparticipants with frequency of 2 session per week from 5th January 2021 to 10th march 2021.The measuresof 3 main variables (Depression, Anxiety and Stress) were administered at pre and post intervention.Result: Statistical analysis showed that there was overall decrease in levels of Depression, Anxiety andStress. Significant results were seen in pre- and post; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Level (P&lt;0.05). Themedian differences between pre and post Anxiety, Stress and Depression was 0.Conclusion: This study concludes that Mandala Art have significant effect in reducing the levels ofDepression, Anxiety, Stress and improve psychological wellbeing of college undergraduates.

Evaluation of an Alternative Depression Therapy Using Bioresonance

Abstract Background: Bioresonance therapy is a holistic physical method used in the treatment of various diseases. Aim of the study: The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of bioresonance therapy in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder and with mild or moderate depressive episodes, respectively, without any other pharmacological, psychological, or other type of treatment. Methods: We selected 40 patients diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder and bioresonance therapy as the only treatment. Assessment of the level of depression was achieved by measuring the biorhythm with the bioresonance device and by applying the Hamilton Depression Inventory questionnaire, with 17 items, at the beginning and the end of five weeks of treatment. Results: We identified a statistically significant decrease in depression levels as quantified by the HAM-D 17 scale, between the initial and final phase of therapy (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that bioresonance therapy can decrease the level of depression in patients with recurrent depressive disorder, with mild and moderate depressive episodes.

The Influence of Covid-19 Lockdown on Body Mass Index, Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Medical Students

The Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc throughout the world, with 150 million cases to date and over 3 million lives claimed worldwide. Objectives: To explore the impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on psychological health parameters i.e. depression, anxiety and stress as well as on body mass index among medical students studying in a private medical college in Pakistan. Study Design: Experimental study. Methodology: This study with enrolled students (n=233) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at CMH Kharian Medical College (CKMC), Physiology Department, Kharian-Pakistan. Both male and female medical students were enrolled. In phase 1, the students reported to the Physiology laboratory where age and gender were recorded. The pre-lockdown readings of BMI and DASS-21(Depression, Anxiety, Stress) scale were taken. In phase-2, the post-lockdown readings of BMI and DASS-21 scale were taken once the students returned to campus. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 21. BMI and DASS-21 score were presented as mean + SD. Statistical significance was taken at p value &lt;0.05. Results: In present study, results showed that there was a decrease in level of depression post-Covid-19-lockdown among enrolled subjects with significant p-values (0.019*) in the pre and post covid-19-lockdown comparison. Conclusion: We concluded that significant difference was seen between Pre &amp; Post Covid-19-lockdown depression with p-value of &lt;0.019. However, insignificant difference was seen between Pre &amp; Post Covid-19-lockdown anxiety and stress with p-value of &gt;0.05. Key Words: Covid-19 lockdown, Medical students, Depression, BMI and Anxiety.

The Impact of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Coconut Oil Treatment on Cortisol Activity and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is pathogenically characterized by high oxidative stress and symptomatically by progressive muscle loss and increased body fat associated with the presence of depression. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (particularly present in green tea) and ketone bodies (in particular beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)), whose main source is coconut oil, have shown emotional benefits and body fat loss. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of EGCG and coconut oil on cortisol activity related to fat loss and depression in MS patients. (2) Methods: The study involved 51 MS patients who were randomly divided into an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received 800 mg of EGCG and 60 mL of coconut oil, which were included in their daily diet for four months. The control group received placebo and all patients followed an isocaloric diet. A blood sample was collected before and after the four-month period, and levels of cortisol, albumin and BHB were measured in serum. In addition, immediately before and after the intervention, anthropometric variables were measured: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass percentage, fat weight, total weight, and muscle mass percentage. Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). (3) Results: No significant changes were obtained in cortisol levels in any of the groups, and there was a significant increase in albumin in the blood of the intervention group only that could lead to a decrease in serum free cortisol. In addition, it was observed a significant decrease in levels of depression and abdominal fat. (4) Conclusions: EGCG combined with coconut oil increase the concentration of albumin in blood and produce less depression in MS patients.

Qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão após um programa de cessação de tabagismo

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão de usuários pré e pós exposição a um programa de cessação do tabagismo em duas unidades básicas de saúde do município de Belo Horizonte (MG). Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, em que 76 usuários foram entrevistados antes e após a participação no programa por meio de questionários, em que foi empregada a escala Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale para avaliar níveis de ansiedade e depressão, a escala WHOQOL-bref para verificar qualidade de vida, além de itens relativos ao uso de tabaco. A proporção de cessação do tabagismo ao fim do programa foi de 85,5%. Observou-se aumento significativo no escore da qualidade de vida geral (p = 0,041) e diminuição nos níveis de depressão (p ˂ 0,001). Desse modo, após a participação no programa, observou-se melhoria na qualidade de vida e no nível de depressão dos pacientes. &#x0D;

P.327 Efficacy and safety of AXS-05, an oral, NMDA receptor antagonist with multimodal activity in major depressive disorder

The response to placebo is robust in studies of various antidepressant treatments. The strong placebo response, combined with the absence of side-effects, has prompted suggestions to use the ethically sound open-label placebo (OLP) as a treatment for depression. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of OLP as an adjunct to treatment as usual (TAU) in the setting of a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of unipolar depression.Thirty-eight patients (age: 50 ± 17.1; 73.7% females) were randomized to either eight-week OLP treatment (n = 18) or four weeks of TAU followed by four weeks of OLP (n = 20). Clinical and socio-demographic measures were assessed at baseline, after four weeks, and at the end of the trial. Response to treatment was determined using the QIDS SR-16.There was an overall decrease in depression levels over time, F(2,35) = 3.98, p = .028. A significant group x time interaction was found only among non-geriatric patients (<65years) with an early onset of depression (<50years), F(2,22) = 3.89, p = .036. Post-hoc tests indicated a significant decrease during the first four weeks, but only in the OLP group, t(11) = 2.29, p = .043.Small sample size and the use of a self-report questionnaire to assess depressive symptoms.Our findings support the possibility that OLP is an effective treatment for the relatively young population of depressed patients. Additional studies are warranted to explore the use of OLP in clinical practice.

Open-Label placebo for the treatment of unipolar depression: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundThe response to placebo is robust in studies of various antidepressant treatments. The strong placebo response, combined with the absence of side-effects, has prompted suggestions to use the ethically sound open-label placebo (OLP) as a treatment for depression. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of OLP as an adjunct to treatment as usual (TAU) in the setting of a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of unipolar depression. MethodsThirty-eight patients (age: 50 ± 17.1; 73.7% females) were randomized to either eight-week OLP treatment (n = 18) or four weeks of TAU followed by four weeks of OLP (n = 20). Clinical and socio-demographic measures were assessed at baseline, after four weeks, and at the end of the trial. Response to treatment was determined using the QIDS SR-16. ResultsThere was an overall decrease in depression levels over time, F(2,35) = 3.98, p = .028. A significant group x time interaction was found only among non-geriatric patients (<65years) with an early onset of depression (<50years), F(2,22) = 3.89, p = .036. Post-hoc tests indicated a significant decrease during the first four weeks, but only in the OLP group, t(11) = 2.29, p = .043. LimitationsSmall sample size and the use of a self-report questionnaire to assess depressive symptoms. ConclusionsOur findings support the possibility that OLP is an effective treatment for the relatively young population of depressed patients. Additional studies are warranted to explore the use of OLP in clinical practice.

A lifestyle-educational program improves depression levels of those with autoimmune disease

Abstract Background Patients with autoimmunity may have problems with depression. We explore the severity of depression among this population. Methods Participants that started and finished an 8 week depression educational program were studied. From n=5,861 participants from 5 continents, n=431 suffered from autoimmune disease and were used for the study. The program consisted of 2-hour long weekly meetings which occurred for a total of eight weeks. During each meeting, a 45-minute DVD presentation by a skilled physician was shown, a small group discussion was guided by trained facilitators. The focus of the program was to educate participants about healthy lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, nutrition, sleep hygiene, etc. The participants were assessed pre-post with the Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test that measured depression and demographics. Depression scores were classified into 4 categories: none (0–6), mild (7–10), moderate (11–19) or severe (20 or more). Results At baseline the average age was 54.9 (SD 13.3) and 85.4% were female. At baseline, mean group depression was 14.2 (SD 7.4), the depression levels were as follows: none (17.2%), mild (18.3%), moderate (34.3%), severe (30.1%). After the lifestyle-educational program, mean group depression decreased to 7.8 (SD 6.2). Post-program depression levels were as follows: none (51.97%), mild (17.6%), moderate (24.36%), severe (6.03%). The decrease in depression levels was significant with t(431) = −21.19 p &amp;lt;.01. Conclusions The eight-week educational program was effective in improving depression levels for most of the participants with autoimmune disease. A follow up study is being planned to see if the results last long term.

PENGARUH PELATIHAN PANCA CARA TEMUAN MAKNA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS

This study aims to prove the effect of panca cara temuan makna training to reduce the degree of depression in diabetes mellitus patients at UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh 1 in 2019. The design of this study was pre-experimental with a one group pre-post test design. The sampling technique that is used was purposive sampling with the sample of 15 people. The results showed that the depression degree of the study subjects before being given treatment was mostly in the moderate depression degree of 11 people (73.3%), after being given treatment most of them were in mild depression degree of 8 people (53.3%), and panca cara temuan makna training influenced the decrease in depression levels in the study subjects with p=0.001 (p <0.050). The conclusions of this study are that there is a significant effect of panca cara temuan makna training to reduce the degree of depression in diabetes mellitus patients at UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh 1 on 2019.