Decrease In Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-DYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF BROWN SEAWEED (SARGASSUM POLYCYSTUM) EXTRACT IN RATS FEED WITH HIGH-FAT CONTENT

Objective: This research aimed to obtain the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic activity of brown seaweed (S. polycystum) extract in vivo.
 Methods: Two tests, such as antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemia, were conducted on the sample animals. Also, the number of Wistar rats was divided into 2 sections which consisted of 6 treatment groups, respectively. The test animals received high-fat feed for 35 d, after which there administered brown seaweed extract for 14 d. An antioxidant test consisting of 6 treatment groups, such as normal, negative, positive control (vitamin E), doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, was conducted in the first group. Meanwhile, the anti-dyslipidemia test consisting of 6 treatment groups, including normal, negative, positive (simvastatin), doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, was carried out in the second group. Hematological and statistical analysis was measured and performed using a 300 micro lab photometer as well as ANOVA, respectively.
 Results: The antioxidant test results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity obtained a percentage increase of 63.41%, 75.01%, and 177.11%, while the dyslipidemia test results showed that after the administration of brown seaweed (S. polycystum) extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, there was a significant difference between the negative controls, with p less than α (0.05), such as total cholesterol (0.000) and triglycerides (0.000). The percentage decrease in total cholesterol levels in the dose group was 31.98%, 41.47%, and 49.45%, with triglyceride levels of 30.65%, 37.78%, and 47.96%, respectively.
 Conclusion: Considering these results, it was concluded that brown seaweed extract has an antioxidant activity on SOD parameters as well as an antidyslipidemic activity on total cholesterol and triglyceride parameters. Therefore, the most effective dose in improving the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides is 200 mg/kg BW.

Effective Dose of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) to Descrease Total Cholesterol Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Male Wistar Rats

Lipid metabolic disorder in hyperlipidemia characterized by an increase in the entire lipid profile in the blood. In 2019, the global prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 64.2%. Many patients with diabetes mellitus developed to hyperlipidemia. Diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia that caused by insulin production defects or decreased insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia in this study resulted from the injection of a streptozotocin dose of 45mg/kgBB intraperitoneally. Hyperglycemia could induced hyperlipidemia. It is due to increased lipid synthesis resulting in overproduction of HMG-CoA and ROS. Moringa leaves contain active substances such as flavonoids and vitamin C that act as antioxidants. This study was conducted to find out the effective dose of moringa leaf extract to lower the total cholesterol levels of male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin. The dose of moringa leaf extract was divided into 5 groups, namely 62.5 mg/kgBW, 125 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, and 1000 mg/kgBW. The analysis of the data in this study was a Pearson correlation test that showed p< 0.05. It demonstrated that administration of moringa leaf extract correlated with decreased cholesterol levels of male Wistar rats. The effective dose of moringa leaf extract was calculated using a linear regression test. The equation obtained from the regression test was y= 0.0739x + 153.59, so the dose of moringa leaf extract that effectively lowers the total cholesterol levels of male Wistar rats was 528.96 mg/kgBW.
 Keywords: hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol, Moringa oleifera Lamk., streptozotocin

The Effect of Porang-Processed Rice (Amorphophallusmuelleri) on LDL and HDL Levels in DM-Diagnosed Patients

Diabetes mellitus (DM) was one of the deadliest diseases in the world. DM was often associated with lipid metabolism error. Porang tubers contain glucomannan which could decrease cholesterol levels. Porang tubers also could be processed into the rice. This study analyzed the effect of porang-processed rice on LDL and HDL levels of DM-diagnosed patients.This study was conducted to determine the effect of porang-processed rice on LDL and HDL levels in DM-diagnosed patients.This study was an experimental study with the Pre-Test and Post-Test Control Group Design method, which used DM-diagnosed patients as research subjects. 24 research subjects were divided into 2 groups: the treatment group was given porang-processed rice and the control group was given white rice for 5 days. Measurement of LDL and HDL levels was carried out in both groups before and after treatment.There was a significant difference in giving porang-processed rice to LDL levels in DM-diagnosed patients (p = 0.021). There was no significant difference in giving porang-processed rice to HDL levels in DM patients (p = 0.102). However, there was a significant differencein deviation between LDL and HDL levelspre-test and post-test (p = 0,002; p = 0,001).There wasa significant difference between LDL levels in DM-diagnosed patients before and after being given porang-processed rice. There was no significant difference between HDL levels in DM patients before and after being given porang-processed rice.

Revealing Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus Strains Isolated From Traditionally Fermented Chhurpi and Healthy Human Gut

In this study, the two lactic acid bacterial strains Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus lactis previously isolated from soft chhurpi, a traditionally fermented milk product prepared by the indigenous community of Sikkim Himalayas and healthy human gut were used. In this study, we attempted to investigate the probiotic attributes, safety, and health beneficial role, and hypercholesterolemia of Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus lactis. Both probiotic potential strains showed good hypocholesterolemic activity in vitro along with tolerance to acid pH (2 and 2.5), tolerance to three bile salts, oxbile, cholic acid, and taurocholic acid (0.5 and 1%), presence of BSH enzyme and its activity, and cell surface adherence. On assessing for safety, both LAB strains were sensitive to antibiotics and exhibited no hemolytic activity. The probiotic strains were tested in vivo in the Sprague–Dawley rats which were divided into five experimental groups: Normal Control (ND), probiotic strain Enterococcus durans HS03 (BSH-negative) and high-cholesterol diet (HCD1), probiotic strain Enterococcus lactis YY1 (BSH-positive) and high-cholesterol diet (HCD2), and a combination of both strains and high-cholesterol diet (HCD3) and Negative Control (HCD). The probiotic-treated groups HCD1, HCD2, and HCD3 showed a decrease in serum cholesterol levels up to 22.55, 6.67, and 31.06%; the TG and VLDL concentrations were 25.39, 26.3, and 33.21%; reduction in LDL-cholesterol was 33.66, 28.50, and 35.87%; and increase of HDL was 38.32, 47.9, and 41.92%. Similarly, the effects of total cholesterol and TG in the liver, kidney and liver histopathology, liver and body lipid index, and oxidative stress in rat liver were also studied. The fecal lactobacilli were more in the samples of the probiotic-treated groups and their fecal coliform and E. coli counts decreased relatively as compared to the control groups in 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. This is the first report on the probiotic potential of Enterococcus durans HS03 and Enterococcus lactis YY1 strains that gives a new insight into the cholesterol-lowering and probiotic product development with wide health attributes.

Статины и окислительный стресс при сердечно-сосудистой патологии

Statins are a highly effective class of lipid-lowering drugs for the prevention of the risk of developing cardiovascular pathology. The main mechanism of action of statins is based on the inhibition of cholesterol formation, which leads to a decrease in serum levels of total cholesterol and atherogenic low-density lipoproteins. However, in addition to the main hypolipidemic effect, statins also have a significant effect on oxidative stress. This article discusses in detail the effect of statins on oxidative stress and its significance for cardiovascular pathology.

Orally delivered perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf extract effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Syrian hamster model

On analyzing the results of cell-based assays, we have previously shown that perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf extract (PLE), a food supplement and orally deliverable traditional Chinese medicine approved by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by directly targeting virions. PLE was also found to modulate virus-induced cytokine expression levels. In this study, we explored the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of PLE in a hamster model by examining viral loads and virus-induced immunopathology in lung tissues. Experimental animals were intranasally challenged with different SARS-CoV-2 doses. Jugular blood samples and lung tissue specimens were obtained in the acute disease stage (3−4 post-infection days). As expected, SARS-CoV-2 induced lung inflammation and hemorrhagic effusions in the alveoli and perivascular areas; additionally, it increased the expression of several immune markers of lung injury − including lung Ki67-positive cells, Iba-1-positive macrophages, and myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils. Virus-induced lung alterations were significantly attenuated by orally administered PLE. In addition, pretreatment of hamsters with PLE significantly reduced viral loads and immune marker expression. A purified active fraction of PLE was found to confer higher antiviral protection. Notably, PLE prevented SARS-CoV-2-induced increase in serum markers of liver and kidney function as well as the decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Differently from lung pathology, monitoring of serum biomarkers in Syrian hamsters may allow a more humane assessment of the novel drugs with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Our results expand prior research by confirming that PLE may exert an in vivo therapeutic activity against SARS-CoV-2 by attenuating viral loads and lung tissue inflammation, which may pave the way for future clinical applications.

The effect of olive leaf use on blood pressure; A systematic review and meta-analysis

Context: Hypertension has been identified as the world’s third leading cause of death. Due to their cost-effectiveness and lack of adverse effects compared to antihypertensive medications, medicinal plants have gained popularity in most countries. The olive leaf is one of these plants. As a result, the purpose of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of olive leaf consumption on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Evidence acquisition: The following domestic and international databases were searched in order to retrieve relevant studies: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Google Scholar search engine, the ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS), the ISRCTN registry administered by BioMed Central, and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The data collected were analyzed using STATA software (version14) at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: Olive leaf consumption had a significant effect on systolic blood pressure [-0.87 (95% CI: -1.09, -0.64)] and diastolic blood pressure [-0.39 (95% CI: -0.57, -0.21)] in five studies with a sample size of 145 people (mean age range of 33.30 ± 5.25 years). Consumption of olive leaves also decreased cholesterol levels [-0.52 (95% CI: -0.81, -0.22)], low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) levels [-0.35 (95% CI: -0.58, -0.12)], and triglycerides levels [-0.67 (95% CI: -1.19, -0.16)]. Nonetheless, the olive leaf had no statistically significant effect on reducing highdensity lipoprotein levels. Conclusion: We observed that olive leaf consumption significantly reduced the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c. Registration: The current protocol was also registered on PROSPERO (ID: 221277, Date: 16.04.2022).

Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Lipid Parameters in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. This study aims to investigate the long-term impact of the sacubitril/valsartan combination on lipid parameters in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. For this single-center retrospective cross-sectional study, data of patients using sacubitril/valsartan because of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were collected. In addition to routine controls, the patients' lipid levels were measured at 3-month intervals. The parameters that were obtained over 3 years included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels. A total of 192 patients with a functional capacity New York Heart Association II-V, and who were using sacubitril/valsartan because of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, were included in this study. Independent of statin use, there was a decrease in total cholesterol levels (196.1 ± 44.8 mg/dL vs 161.5 ± 41.7 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and triglyceride levels (159.1 ± 10.4 mg/dL vs 121.4 ± 6.9 mg/dL, p < 0.001), and there was an improvement in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (44.9 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs 48.2 ± 2.4 mg/dL, p < 0.001) when comparing baseline levels with third-year levels. Sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, independent of statin use, may cause a decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and an improvement in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Impact of consumption of brown rice on glycaemic and lipid profile in type 2 diabetics

Background: Along with pharmacotherapy and exercise, nutrition is also instrumental in comprehensive management of diabetes mellitus (DM). The study aimed to determine the effects of brown rice substitution on glycaemic and lipid profile in patients of type 2 DM.Methods: A hospital-based, non-blinded, randomized interventional study was conducted for 3-months period on DM patients in which brown rice substitution was assigned to the study group and the control group consumed regular white rice. Compliance for diet and medication was assured with telephonic interviews. Their glycaemic and lipid profile were analysed before the start of intervention and after 3-months and results were compared. Results: FBG, PPBG and HbA1c were significantly reduced in both study (n=95) and control (n=98) groups after the interventional period, with greater reduction in the study group. In the study group, there was significant decrease in levels of triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol and increase in levels of HDL cholesterol after the intervention as compared to that of the control group.Conclusions: Substitution of brown rice with white rice for period of 3 months was associated with better glycaemic control and lipid profile. It has potential as a feasible and sustainable dietary intervention for DM with significant health benefits.

Impact of dietary betaine supplementation on appetite hormones and blood biochemical parameters in Karan Fries heifer during summer in tropics

The present research ascertained variation in plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin, and blood biochemical parameters under summer conditions in Karan Fries (KF) heifers (n=18) supplemented with two levels of betaine. Present appraisal was conducted on Karan Fries heifers selected randomly. Experiment was divided into two phases: Experiment-I (thermoneutral season) and Experiment–II (summer season: hot-dry and hot-humid season). KF heifers were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6) of Control, Treatment I (Betaine supplemented @ 25 g/d/ animal) and Treatment II (Betaine supplemented @ 50 g/d/animal). Average maximum and minimum environmental temperatures were 23.5°C and 9.9°C and 35.3°C and 22.4°C, during Experiment I and Experiment II respectively.Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals. Betaine supplementation at 25 g/d and 50 g/d resulted in significant increase in plasma ghrelin, leptin, protein and cholesterol level and significant decrease in NEFA and triglycerides levels. However non-significant effect on plasma glucose levels were observed on increasing THI

Synthetic Activity of Recombinant Whole Cell Biocatalysts Containing 2-Deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate Aldolase from Pectobacterium atrosepticum.

In nature 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) catalyses the reversible formation of 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde. In addition, this enzyme can use acetaldehyde as the sole substrate, resulting in a tandem aldol reaction, yielding 2,4,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexapyranose, which spontaneously cyclizes. This reaction is very useful for the synthesis of the side chain of statin-type drugs used to decrease cholesterol levels in blood. One of the main challenges in the use of DERA in industrial processes, where high substrate loads are needed to achieve the desired productivity, is its inactivation by high acetaldehyde concentration. In this work, the utility of different variants of Pectobacterium atrosepticum DERA (PaDERA) as whole cell biocatalysts to synthesize 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate and 2,4,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexapyranose was analysed. Under optimized conditions, E. coli BL21 (PaDERA C-His AA C49M) whole cells yields 99 % of both products. Furthermore, this enzyme is able to tolerate 500 mM acetaldehyde in a whole-cell experiment which makes it suitable for industrial applications.

Effects of regular physical exercise on skin blood flow and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects

Objective: it is well known that low omentin levels and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) are outgrowth of obesity. Besides, in obese subjects, microvascular dysfunction can be an initial stage of cardiovascular diseases. This situation can be evaluated with skin laser–Doppler flowmetry (LDF).Methods: in this study we investigated the effects of 12 weeks moderate physical exercise on microvascular reactivity and plasma levels of omentin and NO in 25 overweight and obese subjects. Control group was composed of 28 sedentary participants who were neither obese nor overweight. Microvascular reactivity was handled by measurement of skin blood flow from the ring finger of the right hand with LDF, which is a non–invasive method for evaluation. With this method, it was aimed to examine the post–occlusive reactive hyperemia response of the patients. None of the participants in both groups have never followed a regular exercise schedule in their life span.Results: with regular exercise, there was a statistically significant decrease in glucose (p=0.008), cholesterol (p=0.05), and triglyceride (p=0.048) levels, while body mass index, high–density lipoprotein, and low–density lipoprotein levels did not change significantly in overweight/obese group. Also, the omentin level significantly increased (p=0.01), but NO level did not change significantly. Moreover, the amount of change in omentin and NO levels measured before and after the physical exercise were significantly correlated (r=0.57). Considering the microcirculation, rest flow (p=0.001) and peak flow value of LDF (p=0.001) increased after the physical exercise.Conclusion: our study shows that moderate physical exercise affects microvascular reactivity and plasma levels of omentin in overweight and obese subjects.

Thalamo-hippocampal dysconnectivity is associated with serum cholesterol level in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia

Hippocampal deficits and metabolic dysregulations such as dyslipidemia have been frequently reported in schizophrenia and are suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Hippocampus is particularly susceptible to environmental challenges including metabolism and inflammation. However, evidence linking hippocampal alterations and metabolic dysregulations are quite sparse in drug-naïve schizophrenia. A total of 166 drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and 78 healthy controls (HC) underwent measures for several serum metabolic markers, structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), as well as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity (FC) and probabilistic tractography were performed to assess the functional and microstructural connectivity of the bilateral hippocampi. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Patients with FES showed significantly decreased total cholesterol (Chol) level. Patients showed elevated FC between the left hippocampus and bilateral thalami while showing decreased microstructural connectivity between the left hippocampus and bilateral thalami. Multiple regression analyses showed that FC from the left hippocampus to the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), bilateral frontal pole (FP), and right thalamus were negatively associated with the Chol level, while no association was observed in the HC group. Our study validated alterations in both functional and microstructural thalamo-hippocampal connectivities, and abnormal cholesterol level in FES. Moreover, decreased cholesterol level is associated with elevated thalamo-hippocampal functional connectivity in patients with FES, suggesting that dyslipidemia may interact with the hippocampal dysfunction in FES.

Comparison of toxicological effects and exposure levels between triclosan and its structurally similar chemicals using in vitro tests for read-across case study

Read-across based on structural and biological similarities is expected to be a promising alternative method for assessing systemic toxicity. A concrete strategy for quantitative chemical risk assessment would be to stack read-across case studies and extract key considerations from them. Thus, we developed a read-across case study by comparing the toxicological effects based on adverse outcome pathways and exposure levels of different structurally similar chemicals for a target organ. In this study, we selected the hepatotoxicity of triclosan and its structurally similar chemicals including diclosan and 1-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)benzene. The results of in vitro toxicogenomics showed that disorders of cholesterol synthesis were commonly detected with both triclosan and diclosan. The decrease in hepatocellular cholesterol levels was similar in the cells treated with triclosan and diclosan. Furthermore, the exposure levels of triclosan and diclosan for the liver were similar. Collectively, these results suggest that triclosan and diclosan show similar toxicological effects and severity of hepatotoxicity. Considering the existing repeated dose toxicity data, our prediction results are reasonable regarding the toxicological effect and its severity. Thus, the present study demonstrated the usability of comparing toxicological effects and exposure levels using read-across for quantitative chemical risk assessment.

FC 116: SGLT2 Inhibitors in Kidney Transplantation: A Multicenter Study

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the first-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and CKD, together with metformin according to most recent published guidelines. They are related to better renal and cardiovascular outcomes. SGLT2i could be potentially benefitial in terms of renal function preservation and cardiovascular outcomes in kidney transplantion (KT). Despite published data about SGLT2i in KT patients with DM2 or new-onset diabetes after transplantation are limited, their use seems to be common in everyday clinical practice. Our aim is to investigate if SGLT2i are safe and well tolerated in a cohort of KT recipients, as well as to analyze clinical and laboratory data at 6 months after SGLT2i initiation. METHOD Multicentre observational study in KT recipients with diabetes under SGLT2i treatment. RESULTS A total of 323 patients were included, and 284 completed a 6-month follow-up. Mean age was 61.2 ± 10.3 years old, 74.4% were men and 41% presented DM2. Previous antidiabetic therapies: insulin (48.1%), DPP4 inhibitors (36.1%) and metformin (33.1%). Empagliflozine was started in 55.8%, dapagliflozine in 23.2% and canagliflozin in 20.6%. After SGLT2i initiation, body weight reduction, an improvement in blood pressure and glycaemic control, higher haemoglobin levels and a decrease in cholesterol levels were observed. Also, a mild decrease in eGFR was detected while albuminuria was lower. These differences were statistically significant (Table 1). In 34 patients (10.5%), SGLT2i was stopped: 2.78% presented urinary tract infection (UTI), 1.5% balanitis and 1.2% important eGFR decreasing slope. During the study period, six patients presented a graft loss (one related to SLGT2) and six patients died (deaths not related to SGLT2i). CONCLUSION SGLT2i have a safe security profile in KT, and are related to a better glycaemic and blood pressure control, as well as to a decrease in albuminuria, and to an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, SGLT2i should be prescribed in KT recipients with DM2 or NODAT with adequate eGFR. UTI surveillance is essential in these patients.

Role of PTP1B in the Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), encoded by the PTPN1 gene, is a well‐known negative regulator of insulin signaling. Since insulin, via the activation of the insulin receptor, is involved in cholesterol synthesis by stimulating genes like HMG‐CoA reductase (HMGCR), we enquired whether PTP1B also played a role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Interestingly, knocking out PTP1B in hepatocytes, where most of the circulating cholesterol is synthesized, generates mice that have reduced circulating cholesterol levels. Moreover, SNPs in the human PTPN1 gene are associated with higher levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total plasma cholesterol, and with the insulin sensitivity index and fasting glucose levels. As a first step, to better understand the function of PTP1B in cholesterol homeostasis, we used Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEFs) cells derived from WT or PTP1B KO mice and measured cholesterol levels utilizing an Amplex red assay. As previously observed in liver PTP1B KO mice, we observed a ~ 50% decrease in cholesterol levels in PTP1B KO cells when compared to WT cells. Supporting this, Western blot analysis also indicated that proteins regulating cholesterol homeostasis are differently expressed in WT and KO MEFs at basal. We observed decreased expression of LDLR, PCSK9, HMGCR, SREBP1 and Cav‐1 in PTP1B KO cells. In addition, cholesterol treatment also showed a decreased adaptive response in PTP1B KO cells. Interestingly, Src, a substrate of PTP1B, was hyperphosphorylated in PTP1B KO MEFs treated with cholesterol and these cells were more sensitive to cholesterol‐induced toxicity as indicated by caspase‐3 cleavage at lower concentrations of cholesterol. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) further revealed that several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis (e.g. NPC2, NPC1L1, DHCR7, NCEH1, ApoA, ApoB, ApoC, ApoE) were overexpressed in PTP1B KO MEFs. We also observed that proteins involved in retinoic acid homeostasis, which have also been involved in the regulation of insulin resistance and lipid homeostasis, were overexpressed in PTP1B KO MEFs. We are currently validating these findings and exploring underlying mechanisms by which PTP1B gene inactivation regulates cholesterol homeostasis in mammalian cells.

The Effect of Teff Seed on Hematological Findings and Anthropometric Measurements.

The low incidence of diseases such as celiac, anemia, osteoporosis, and obesity in Ethiopia has aroused interest in the study of teff. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of regular consumption of teff seeds on hematological findings and anthropometric measurements in overweight and obese individuals. The secondary objective was to compare these effects of teff seeds with the Mediterranean diet. In our study, planned as a cohort study, 28 participants followed the teff seed-containing diet (n=14) and the Mediterranean diet (n=14) for 3 months. To determine nutritional status, a 72-h recall was taken. Anthropometric measurements and hematological findings were recorded at the beginning and end of the study. There was a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels in the teff group (p<0.05). The increase in total protein levels in the teff group was significantly higher than in the Mediterranean diet group (p=0.05). With increased intake of carbohydrates (g) in the teff group, fasting blood glucose levels decreased significantly. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding anthropometric measurements. It has been found that the teff seed has no predominance over anthropometric measurements, as compared to the Mediterranean diet, and that it is more effective in improving hematological findings related to obesity. There is a need for more comprehensive studies that also address physical activity, the different types of teff seeds available, and include increased participant numbers.

Curcumin Supplementation Ameliorates Bile Cholesterol Supersaturation in Hamsters by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Cholesterol Absorption.

Curcumin is a polyphenol that has been shown to have prebiotic and cholesterol-lowering properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of curcumin on bile cholesterol supersaturation and the potential mechanistic role of intestinal microbiota and cholesterol absorption. Male hamsters (n = 8) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without curcumin for 12 weeks. Results showed that curcumin significantly decreased cholesterol levels in the serum (from 5.10 to 4.10 mmol/L) and liver (from 64.60 to 47.72 nmol/mg protein) in HFD-fed hamsters and reduced the bile cholesterol saturation index (CSI) from 1.64 to 1.08 due to the beneficial modifications in the concentration of total bile acids (BAs), phospholipids and cholesterol (p < 0.05). Gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that curcumin modulated gut microbiota, predominantly increasing microbiota associated with BA metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production, which subsequently up-regulated the expression of hepatic cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase and increased the synthesis of bile acids (p < 0.05). Furthermore, curcumin significantly down-regulated the expression of intestinal Niemann–Pick C1-like protein 1(NPC1L1) in hamsters and reduced cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that dietary curcumin has the potential to prevent bile cholesterol supersaturation through modulating the gut microbiota and inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption.

Influence of walking football on decreasing cholesterol and blood glycemic level

The aims of this research to determine the impact of walking football on cholesterol and glycemic management in order to allow people to live healthily. This research is an experimental study with quantitative approach. The research sampling was 12 subjects from different category: (1) International students, (2) Local students, and employed persons. Technique collecting data using playground of futsal to assess variables like glycemic and cholesterol. Data analysis using independent test sample. To evaluate the subjects’ health condition, the research proceeded by pre-test first, for the second step a walking football was given during 12 weeks within 3 times per week. After the training a posttest has been provided to check the improvement of the subject’s health. The result showed that there is a strong different between pre-test and posttest on glycemic level with P (0.000) inferior to 0.05. Second there was a significant different from pre-test and posttest cholesterol data within P (0.000) inferior to 0.05. The walking football is a strong tool to help people at the different age to maintain their good condition but also to allow good performance for athletes. Walking football is very easy to apply and provide happiness

Green Bean Juice (Phaseolus radiatus linn) Decrease Total Cholesterol Levels In Women With Hypercholesterolemia

Cholesterol total level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Mung beans contain soluble fiber and isoflavones that decrease cholesterol levels. The aim of this research is to find out the potency of mung beans juice to decrease total cholesterol total level of hypercholesterol woman. Research design was quasi experimental with pretest - posttest control group. The subjects were 34 women with hypercholesterolemia, and divided into two groups ie 17 womens in Penarukan Village which is treatment group and 17 womens in Ketapang Village which is control groups. All the subjects have met the inclusion criteria. The treatment group consumed juice of 300 ml/day for 14 days while the control group did not get juice. It was a single blind treatment. Cholesterol total level measurement used Electrode Based Biosensor and CHOD-PAP methods. The mean of cholesterol total level of control group before and after was increasing 5,7% ie 240,1 mg/dl and 253,9 mg/dl, but intervention group was decreasing 11% ie 220 mg/dl and 195,7 mg/dl. Paired t-test result shows that there is a significant difference between total cholesterol levels before and after in the treatment group and control group (p= 0.000). The conclusion of this research is the provision of mung beans juice 300 ml/day for 14 days reduce total cholesterol levels.&#x0D; Keywords : Hypercholesterolemia Women; Mung beans Juice; Total Cholesterol Level;