Decrease In Capacitance Research Articles

Functionalization of textile cotton fabric with reduced graphene oxide/MnO2/polyaniline based electrode for supercapacitor

In this work, a new cotton electrode has been synthesized by coating ternary materials of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), manganese dioxide (MnO2), and polyaniline (PANi) on textile cotton fabric. First, Graphene oxide was deposited on cotton fibers by a simple ‘dip and dry’ method and chemically reduced into rGO/cotton fabric. MnO2 nanoparticles were accumulated on rGO/cotton fabric by in situ chemical deposition method. PANi layer was coated on rGO/MnO2/cotton fabric by in situ oxidative polymerization technique. A thin PANi coating layer acts as a protective layer on rGO/MnO2/cotton fabric to restrain MnO2 nanoparticles and rGO from dissolution in H2SO4 acidic electrolyte. The specific surface area of cotton electrode was measured using the Brenauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show that the cotton electrode has good capacitive behavior. The ternary cotton electrode exhibits high specific capacitance values of 888 F g−1 and 252 F g−1 at a discharge current density of 1 A g−1 and 25 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution. The high areal specific capacitance of 444 Fcm−2 was achieved for as-fabricated electrode. Also, the cotton electrode retains around 70% of specific capacitance after 3000 cycles at charge-discharge current density of 15 A g−1. The slow decrease in specific capacitance is observed with increased discharge current density which proves its excellent rate capability. These results of rGO/MnO2/PANi/cotton fabric electrode show that this can be an excellent electrode for supercapacitor in energy storage devices.

Comparative study of Au and Ni/Au gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

This paper presents the electrical comparison of Au and Ni/Au gated HEMT devices and diodes. Au Schottky diodes on an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure exhibit better electrical performance in comparison to conventional Ni/Au diodes with an improved Schottky barrier height (SBH) and lower reverse leakage current. The SBH extracted from I-V for Au and Ni/Au is 1.29 eV and 0.74 eV, respectively. Au Schottky contacts on GaN have a better ideality factor of 1.55 than Ni, which is 1.61. Capacitance-voltage measurement revealed a positive shift in threshold voltage in the case of Au diodes with a reduced capacitance value with respect to Ni/Au diodes. This decrease in threshold and capacitance indicates a decrease in the 2DEG carrier concentration. The decrease in the 2DEG carrier concentration is consistent with three terminal device measurements. Despite a small decrease in drain current (8%), the Au gated HEMT devices have shown an improved subthreshold slope (13%) and nearly 4 order improvement in the ION/IOFF ratio than Ni/Au gated HEMTs. Pulse IV characterization has indicated that gate lag and drain lag have no major changes with respect to gate metal, whereas current collapse increases for high work function metals.

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry.

Surface modifications of nanoporous metals have become a highly attractive research field as they exhibit great potential for various applications, especially in biotechnology. Using self-assembled monolayers is one of the most promising approaches to modify a gold surface. However, only few techniques are capable of characterizing the formation of these monolayers on porous substrates. Here, we present a method to in situ monitor the adsorption and desorption of self-assembled monolayers on nanoporous gold by resistometry, using cysteine as example. During the adsorption an overall relative change in resistance of 18% is detected, which occurs in three distinct stages. First, the cysteine molecules are adsorbed on the outer surface. In the second stage, they are adsorbed on the internal surfaces and in the last stage the reordering accompanied by additional adsorption takes place. The successful binding of cysteine on the Au surface was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, which showed a significant decrease of the double-layer capacitance. Also, the electrochemically controlled desorption of cysteine was monitored by concomitant in situ resistometry. From the desorption peak related to the (111) surface of the structure, which is associated with a resistance change of 4.8%, an initial surface coverage of 0.48 monolayers of cysteine could be estimated.

Application of 1,2,3-Benzotriazole as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid Medium at Different Temperature

Corrosion inhibition property of 1,2,3-benzotriazole for mild steel in 0.1 N sulphuric acid was evaluated at different concentrations and temperatures using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, differential pulse, stripping voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The surface study was carried out using metallurgical research and SEM microscopy. Increase in Warburg impedance and capacitive current and decrease in Faradaic current and capacitive loop was observed with increase in concentration of inhibitor. 1,2,3-Benzotriazole was found as a best corrosion inhibitor (94 %) for mild steel as compared to other inhibitors suggesting 1,2,3-benzotriazole as a potential alternate corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4.

Can Electrolytic Capacitors Meet the Demands of High Reliability Applications?

Abstract Electrolytic capacitors have long been identified as a weak link for long term high reliability applications. However, capacitor manufacturers have made significant improvements to the materials and manufacturing processes to enhance their reliability. This paper will discuss those changes, provide insight into the various failure mechanisms for electrolytic capacitors and describe appropriate accelerated tests to validate performance. We will take a deeper dive into the methodologies utilized to improve capacitor performance, e.g. foil purity and electrolyte volume. We will also discuss, from a reliability perspective, the impact of changing to a higher temperature electrolyte (from ethylene glycol to DMF, DMA and GBL) and also changes in the bung material (from butyl to EPDM). There are several environmental factors involved in the aging of electrolytic capacitors. Electrolyte loss due to drying out and leakage current due to oxide degradation are thermally related as is the self-heating associated with ripple current. The impact of the applied voltage level is also a driver as it can cause leakage current increases as well. All of these issues result in a capacitance decrease, an increase in ESR, and a change to the dissipation factor. Many other failure mechanisms associated with manufacturing will also be discussed.

Cyclic Voltammetric Study of CuO Thin Film Electrodes Prepared by Automatic Spray Pyrolysis

AbstractThis work deals with the study of effect of scan rate on the cyclic voltammetric performance of cupric oxide (CuO) electrodes prepared using automatic spray pyrolysis. For the synthesis via aqueous route, 50 mL of 1 m Cu(NO3)2·3H2O was used as a precursor solution and stainless steel (SS) plates were used as a conducting substrates. The spray rate was maintained at 2.5 mL min–1, decomposition temperature was kept at 673.15 K. In the analysis, XRD patterns clearly substantiate the formation of CuO on SS. Cyclic voltammetric analysis of the prepared electrodes has been carried out in 1 m KOH at various scan rates from 2 to 100 mV s–1. In CV study, electrode shows decrease in specific capacitance (SC) values with increase in scan rates indicating reversible nature. The achieved highest value of the SC is 58.2 F g–1.

Thermal and Temporal Properties of a Thin Layer of Bromo Indium Phthalocyanine Nanostructures

In this work, we report on the synthesis, fabrication, and electrical and optical characterization of sandwich devices of bromo indium phthalocyanine thin film nanostructures in aluminum electrodes using electron beam evaporation in a high vacuum which have the potential to be used for sensing applications. We investigate the influence of both parameters of temperature and frequency on the conduction mechanism to determine the transport process in the carriers. Results demonstrate that the capacitance, dielectric constant and loss factor decrease with increasing the frequency and increase in high temperatures. The behavior of capacitance and loss factor fits well with the model of Goswami and Goswami and the results imply the domination of hopping theory. In addition, analysis of the absorption spectrum indicates that the optical band gap energy is 3 eV. Furthermore, morphological analysis demonstrates that all films have a smooth surface with homogeneous small crystal grains with a nanoscale size order of 40 ± 10 nm. Thus, temperature and frequency-dependent experiments of optical and electrical parameters of the bromo indium phthalocyanine thin film nanostructures show their potential to be employed for sensing applications.

Electrochemical Capacitance Properties of Electrode Based on Polyaniline Coated Graphite Nanoplatelets/Polystyrene Composite Film

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of the electrode material based on composites of polyaniline (PANI), graphite nanoplatelets (GnP), and polystyrene (PS) matrix was evaluated by applying cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), for its application in electrochemical supercapacitor which is an advanced energy storing device. Composites were prepared by coating polyaniline on graphite nanoplatelets (PANI/GnP) via in situ emulsion polymerization, exhibiting specific surface area of 178.75 m2/g as compared with 72.1 m2/g of pristine GnP. The PANI/GnP was then embedded in polystyrene matrix (PANI/GnP/PS), which showed improved electrical conductivity due to an interconnected mesh of PANI/GnP as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological analysis. The formation of porous conductive network in PANI/GnP/PS with conductivity value of 8.6 × 10−3 S/cm resulted in high specific capacitance of 411.3 F/g measured at a current density of 0.5 A/g which corresponded to specific energy of 47.94 Wh/kg and specific power of 281.94 W/kg, as well as the decrease in specific capacitance was 32% even after 1600 charge–discharge cycles showing good rate performance which renders it an ideal material for electrodes in supercapacitors.

Influence of inhibitor adsorption on readings of microelectrode during SVET measurements

One of the main applications of SVET in corrosion research is the study of the corrosion inhibition effectiveness and the evaluation of the self-healing effect of inhibitor-containing coatings. The tip of the platinum/iridium vibrating electrode is electroplated with black platinum, which creates a large electrode surface and confers high capacitance to the tip. When studying organic inhibitors in aqueous solutions with SVET, inhibitor adsorption may occur at the tip, causing its contamination and the initial calibration conditions of the system might not be valid. This may lead to an incorrect interpretation of the results.This work is intended to study the effect of different inhibitors (cerium nitrate, 8-hydroxyquinoline, potassium 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazolate, benzotriazole and mercaptobenzothiazole), typically used for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys, on the Pt probe signal during SVET measurements.The results reveal the detrimental effect of some corrosion inhibitors on the sensitivity of the vibrating probe, an effect that imposes a regular assessment of the electrode state during measurements. The increase of the signal noise was related to a decrease of the probe capacitance, while the false current density signal was a result of the potential drift between vibrating and reference electrodes.

Understanding the Threshold Voltage Instability During OFF-State Stress in p-GaN HEMTs

In this letter, we investigate by means of experimental results and TCAD simulations the threshold voltage instability due to OFF-state drain stress in p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN-on-Si HEMTs. When the drain of the p-GaN HEMT is biased in the OFF-state the threshold voltage (Vth) shows a linear increase up to ~40%. This increase saturates at drain bias voltages above 50 V. The positive Vth shift is attributed to the ionization of acceptor traps in the AlGaN region below the p-GaN gate with the source of these trapping sites suggested to be the p-GaN gate out-diffused Mg dopant atoms. The ionization of the Mg acceptors due to high electric field during OFF-state bias and the removal of the generated holes from the AlGaN region through the gate contact creates the charge conditions for a positive Vth shift. The sharp decrease in the gate drain capacitance (Cgd) for VD <; 50 V, the simulated gate edge electric field reaching its peak for a drain voltage bias VD ~ 50 V and the positive threshold voltage shift observed for negative gate stress further validate the proposed model.

Corrosion of α-Brass in Solutions Containing Chloride Ions and 3-Mercaptoalkyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles

The protective effect of 3-mercaptoalkyl derivatives of 5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole against corrosion of α-brass in a chloride media was studied using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and full-scale corrosion testing. The brass electrode remains passive up to the activation potential, which is much higher than in solutions without organic additives, and it increases with the concentration of the inhibitor. The protection degree of all the studied inhibitors reaches its maximum of over 99% in solutions with the concentration of the inhibitor Cinh ≥ 0.10 mM. The protective effect increases with the length of the alkyl chain. All the studied derivatives are effective against atmospheric corrosion of α-brass. A protective film is formed on the brass surface, and it most probably includes oxides as well as complex compounds of zinc and copper with the molecules of the inhibitors. The impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the presence of the inhibitor results in a decrease in the double-layer capacitance and an increase in the polarization resistance, which proves that the protective film actually forms on the brass surface. The quantum chemical analysis of the optimized molecular structures demonstrates that all the studied inhibitors should have a similar protective effect, which agrees with the experimental results.

Novel High-Energy-Efficiency AlGaN/GaN HEMT with High Gate and Multi-Recessed Buffer.

A novel AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with a high gate and a multi-recessed buffer (HGMRB) for high-energy-efficiency applications is proposed, and the mechanism of the device is investigated using technology computer aided design (TCAD) Sentaurus and advanced design system (ADS) simulations. The gate of the new structure is 5 nm higher than the barrier layer, and the buffer layer has two recessed regions in the buffer layer. The TCAD simulation results show that the maximum drain saturation current and transconductance of the HGMRB HEMT decreases slightly, but the breakdown voltage increases by 16.7%, while the gate-to-source capacitance decreases by 17%. The new structure has a better gain than the conventional HEMT. In radio frequency (RF) simulation, the results show that the HGMRB HEMT has 90.8%, 89.3%, and 84.4% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 600 MHz, 1.2 GHz, and 2.4 GHz, respectively, which ensures a large output power density. Overall, the results show that the HGMRB HEMT is a better prospect for high energy efficiency than the conventional HEMT.

Electrochemical and Structural Studies of Nanodiamond Composites

The method of detonation synthesis is used to obtain nanodiamond composites (NDCs), and electrochemical and porosimetric studies are carried out for some NDC samples containing both a nanodiamond powder fraction and a nondiamond carbon fraction. Samples of untreated detonation soot (NDC-1) and products of its gas-phase purification (NDC-2 and NDC-3) with different ratio of nanodiamond and nondiamond carbon are studied. The content of the latter in the NDC-1, NDC-2, and NDC-3 samples is 48, 24, and 1 wt %, respectively. It is shown that the intensity of Raman bands of crystalline graphite (1580 cm–1) and disordered graphite phase (1360 cm–1) is higher in the initial detonation soot, as compared to samples partially or completely purified from nondiamond carbon. Here, the specific resistance of the samples increases in the series NDC-1 < NDC-2 < NDC-3, i.e., at an increase in the share of the nanodiamond fraction. The method of standard contact porosimetry shows that samples are characterized by high values of both overall specific (1040–1290 m2 g–1) and hydrophilic specific surface area and that the degree of NDC hydrophilicity decreases at an increase in the nanodiamond concentration. The CV curves of NDC samples have a shape typical for double electric layer charging complicated by ohmic losses growing at an increase in the nanodiamond fraction. Nanodiamond boration results in a decrease in its specific resistance and in its significant hydrophilization. The data of impedance measurements for NDC-1 and NDC-2 samples show that a decrease in the fraction of conducting carbon is accompanied by a significant decrease in capacitance. Studies of oxygen electroreduction on the Pt/NDC-1 catalytic system demonstrate its stability in time, which is probably related to a decrease in the aggregation degree of platinum particles due to the lower corrosion rate of the nanodiamond powder support as compared to standard carbon blacks. Thus, some of the studied NDC samples are promising as supports of oxygen reduction catalysts.

Imipramine as an alternative to formamide to detubulate rat ventricular cardiomyocytes

What is the central question of this study? Can imipramine, an antidepressant agent that is a cationic amphiphilic drug that interferes with the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 ) interactions with proteins maintaining the tubular system, be validated as a new detubulating tool? What is the main finding and its importance? Imipramine was validated as a more efficient and less toxic detubulating agent of cardiomyocytes than formamide. New insights are provided on how PI(4,5)P2 is crucial to maintaining T-tubule attachment to the cell surface and on the cardiotoxic effects of imipramine overdoses. Cardiac T-tubules are membrane invaginations essential for excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Imipramine, like other cationic amphiphilic drugs, interferes with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 ) interactions with proteins maintaining the tubular system connected to the cell surface. Our main purpose was to validate imipramine as a new detubulating agent in cardiomyocytes. Staining adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) with di-4-ANEPPS, we showed that unlike formamide, imipramine induces a complete detubulation with no impact on cell viability. Using the patch-clamp technique, we observed a ∼40% decrease in cell capacitance after imipramine pretreatment and a reduction of ICa,L amplitude by ∼72%. These parameters were not affected in atrial cells, excluding direct side effects of imipramine. β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation of the remaining ICa,L with isoproterenol (Iso) was still effective. ECC was investigated in ARVMs loaded with Fura-2 and paced at 1Hz, allowing simultaneous measurement of the Ca2+ transient (CaT) and sarcomere shortening (SS). Amplitude of both CaT and SS was decreased by imipramine and partially restored by Iso. Furthermore, detubulated cells exhibited Ca2+ homeostasis perturbations. Real-time cAMP variations induced by Iso using a Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor revealed ∼27% decreased cAMP elevation upon β-AR stimulation. To conclude, we validated a new cardiomyocyte detubulation method using imipramine, which is more efficient and less toxic than formamide. This antidepressant agent induces the hallmark effects of detubulation on ECC and its β-AR stimulation. Besides, we provide new insights on how an imipramine overdose may affect cardiac function and suggest that PI(4,5)P2 is crucial for maintaining T-tubule structure.

Admittance of Organic LED Structures with an Emission YAK-203 Layer

The current-voltage characteristics and admittance of multilayer structures for organic LEDs based on the PEDOT:PSS/NPD/YAK-203/BCP system have been experimentally investigated in a wide range of the measurement conditions. It is shown that at voltages corresponding to the effective radiative recombination of charge carriers, a significant decrease in the differential capacitance of the structures is observed. The frequency dependences of the normalized conductance of LED structures are in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation in the framework of the equivalent circuit method. Changes in the frequency dependences of the admittance with a change in temperature are most pronounced in the temperature range of 200–300 K and less noticeable in the temperature range of 8–200 K. From the frequency dependences of the imaginary part of impedance, the charge carrier mobilities are found at various voltages and temperatures. The mobility values obtained by this method are somewhat lower than those determined by the transient electroluminescence method. The dependence of the mobility on the electric field is well approximated by a linear function. As the temperature decreases from 300 to 220 K, the mobility decreases several times.

Fabrication of ZnCoS nanomaterial for high energy flexible asymmetric supercapacitors

Bimetal sulfides as anode electrode materials have attracted extensive attention owing to their superior electrochemical activity compared to their mono-metal sulfide counterparts. Herein, ZnCoS nanomaterial was synthesized by chemical precipitation and ion-exchange process. The obtained ZnCoS can be considered as the product of partial substitution of Zn2+ by Co2+ and/or Co3+ ions in the ZnS lattice. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, the ZnCoS was evaluated as electrode material for supercapacitors. By varying the preparation conditions, we found that the ZnCoS material synthesized using an initial mole ratio of Co/Zn = 2 at 50 °C gave the best performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 1134.7 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, which is about 7.7 times that of bare ZnS electrode material. Furthermore, this electrode material exhibits good rate capability (81% retention from 1 to 20 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability with no obvious specific capacitance decrease at 20 A g−1 after 6000 charging-discharging cycles. A fabricated flexible asymmetric supercapacitor, consisting of ZnCoS and porous reduced graphene oxide, displays a maximum specific capacitance of about 90 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 with an energy density of 17.7 W h kg−1 at a power density of 435 W kg−1.

Failure Prediction of Submodule Capacitors in Modular Multilevel Converter by Monitoring the Intrinsic Capacitor Voltage Fluctuations

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are emerging as a promising topology for medium- and high-power applications. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are usually employed in MMCs as floating capacitors due to their high volumetric efficiency and low price. AECs gradually deteriorate over time due to electrolyte vaporization, and for this reason, they have been recognized as one of the most fragile components in the converter. As they continue to age, the AEC's capacitance decreases and its equivalent series resistance increases, which can result in an increase of submodule (SM) capacitor voltage ripple, power loss and could damage the operation of the MMC with prolonged use of aged capacitors. To prevent such damage, monitoring the health of capacitors is an important step to enhance the reliability of the MMC by predictive maintenance. This paper presents a failure prediction scheme for SM capacitors in the MMC by monitoring the SM capacitor voltage oscillations. Detailed simulation studies are carried out for a five-level MMC in the PLECS® platform and verified experimentally. The estimated capacitance through simulations and experiments is in close agreement to that value measured using the LCR meter.

Low Temperature Performance of MnOx@Carbon Nanofoam-Based Ecs with Neutral pH-Based Aqueous Electrolytes

Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) comprising high-surface-area carbon electrodes and nonaqueous electrolytes offer many attractive performance attributes including long cycle life and the ability to operate at low temperatures (–40⁰C), yet their energy density is ultimately limited by reliance on the double-layer charge-storage mechanism. Asymmetric EC configurations that include pseudocapacitive materials (e.g., transition metal oxides) offer the opportunity to increase energy density while also using safer and cheaper aqueous electrolytes. We have shown that with the appropriate electrode structure and electrolyte additives, the additional charge stored via pseudocapacitance is delivered at EC-like rates over 1000 cycles with minimal capacitance fade. To further prove the practical feasibility of such aqueous-electrolyte ECs, we turned our attention to low-temperature performance, focusing on aqueous electrolyte compositions containing lithium or sodium cations and sulfate or nitrate anions. We characterized pertinent bulk properties (e.g., freezing point and ionic conductivity) of down-selected electrolytes and found that the anion dominates the freezing point, with sulfate-based electrolytes having a freezing point of –45oC, while nitrate-based electrolytes have a freezing point of –35oC. The ionic conductivities ranged from 63 to 136 mS cm-1 at 20oC, conductive enough to support high-rate operation. To assess the impact of temperature on performance as a function of electrolyte composition, we fabricated symmetric pouch cells comprised of MnOx@carbon nanofoam electrodes, evaluating the resulting devices via cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy over a wide temperature range (25⁰C to –45⁰C). All ECs exhibited a gradual decrease in capacitance as the temperature decreased; however, capacitance was recovered upon warming to 25°C for all electrolyte compositions. We found that ECs with Li2SO4-based electrolytes (neat or mixed composition) were operational at temperatures as low as –35°C, revealing that these electrolytes are competitive with the nonaqueous electrolytes used in conventional double layer capacitors.

Study of the applicability of directional modification of nanostructures to improve the efficiency of their performance as the anode material of lithium-ion batteries

The paper presents the results of a study of using the various types of ionizing radiation for the directional modification of nanostructures to increase the resource lifetime of nanostructures that are applicable as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. For the directed modification, the following types of radiation were applied: electron and gamma radiation with an energy of 5 MeV and 1.35 MeV, respectively, as well as beams of C2+ and O2+ ions with an energy of 1.75 MeV/nucleon. It was established that for unmodified samples, complete degradation occurs on the 411st cycle (capacity decrease by more than 80% of the nominal). For samples irradiated with gamma rays and an electron beam, the capacity decreases after 690 and 750 cycles, respectively. That indicates a higher resistance to degradation due to a change in the crystal structure as a result of radiation annealing of defects. For samples irradiated with C2+ and O2+ ions, a gradual decrease in the discharge capacitance after 900 cycles is observed, which indicates a high resistance to degradation.

Increase corrosion resistance of mild steel in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions by metoclopramide tablet

AbstractIn this article, metoclopramide tablet was thoroughly evaluated as an effective inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 1 M hydrochloric acid solutions by different techniques (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [EIS]) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the compound has a proper inhibiting effect at concentrations of 600 ppm for sulfuric acid and 300 ppm for hydrochloric acid solutions. The effect of temperature on the corrosion rate of alloy in the absence and presence of this drug was also studied. The EIS measurements revealed that by the addition of the inhibitor up to a certain concentration, the charge transfer resistance increases and the double layer capacitance decreases. The probe showed that the adsorption of the inhibitor on the alloy surface in both solutions follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. This process is spontaneous and exothermic. The information obtained from SEM confirmed the formation of the protective layer on the surface of the sample after immersion in solutions containing the compound.