Decrease In Anxiety Levels Research Articles

EFFECTIVENESS OF LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY ON SLEEP QUALITY AND ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS

Hemodialysis is a long-term therapy that must be done by patients with chronic kidney disease. Patients who undergo therapy for a very long time will have an impact on the patient's psychology. Psychological impacts are anxiety and sleep disturbances. Anxiety that is constantly felt by the patient and accompanied by poor sleep quality can cause changes in the physiological, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, immune system and nervous system. To overcome sleep disorders and anxiety in hemodialysis patients, non-pharmacological options can be used, namely Lavender Aromatherapy through inhalation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Lavender Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients. The study was conducted on 32 hemodialysis patients. The intervention was carried out for 3 times of administration during intra hemodialysis. The instruments used were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality and The Zung-Self Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) to measure anxiety which was applied before and before the test. Analysis of test data using one sample t test for both variables partially showed that the difference in the average score of sleep quality and anxiety with each p value of 0.000 means that there is an increase in sleep quality and a decrease in anxiety levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis in the intervention group. Lavender aromatherapy can be applied as an enhanced intervention to treat sleep disorder and is effective in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

The Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Maternity Mothers

Anxiety during labor can be a comorbidity and lead to low birth weight, preterm or preterm labor, hypertension and an increased risk of asthma. The effects of music therapy have been studied and promise a decrease in anxiety levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Mozart's classical music therapy on the anxiety level of maternity mothers at UPT Puskesmas Ciomas. Research design quasy experimental one group pre-post test. 31 maternity mothers who entered the latent phase 1 to the end of the active phase 1 during the study period were studied with the HARS instrument. Bivariate analysis will be performed with an independent t test. Based on bivariate analysis, it was reported that Mozart's classical music therapy could reduce anxiety levels and was statistically significant (p value 0.012 < 0.05). Mozart's classical music therapy can calm and reduce anxiety levels in maternity mothers.

Balance Between Projecting Neuronal Populations of the Nucleus Accumbens Controls Social Behavior in Mice

BackgroundDeficient social interactions are a hallmark of major neuropsychiatric disorders, and accumulating evidence points to altered social reward and motivation as key underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. In the present study, we further explored the role of the balance of activity between D1 and D2 receptor–expressing striatal projection neurons (D1R- and D2R-SPNs) in the control of social behavior, challenging the hypothesis that excessive D2R-SPN activity, rather than deficient D1R-SPN activity, compromises social behavior. MethodsWe selectively ablated D1R- and D2R-SPNs using an inducible diphtheria toxin receptor–mediated cell targeting strategy and assessed social behavior as well as repetitive/perseverative behavior, motor function, and anxiety levels. We tested the effects of optogenetic stimulation of D2R-SPNs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and pharmacological compounds repressing D2R-SPN. ResultsTargeted deletion of D1R-SPNs in the NAc blunted social behavior in mice, facilitated motor skill learning, and increased anxiety levels. These behaviors were normalized by pharmacological inhibition of D2R-SPN, which also repressed transcription in the efferent nucleus, the ventral pallidum. Ablation of D1R-SPNs in the dorsal striatum had no impact on social behavior but impaired motor skill learning and decreased anxiety levels. Deletion of D2R-SPNs in the NAc produced motor stereotypies but facilitated social behavior and impaired motor skill learning. We mimicked excessive D2R-SPN activity by optically stimulating D2R-SPNs in the NAc and observed a severe deficit in social interaction that was prevented by D2R-SPN pharmacological inhibition. ConclusionsRepressing D2R-SPN activity may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to relieve social deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.

APPLICATION OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION TO REDUCING THE ANXIETY OF HYPERTENSION CLIENTS

Background: Families with hypertension will cause anxiety or anxiety which can affect the stability of blood pressure. One of the managements of anxiety with psychotherapy methods is by doing progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Progressive Muscle Relaxation to get a feeling of relaxation, so as to reduce anxiety and stress. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the application of progressive muscle relaxation therapy to reduce anxiety in hypertensive clients. Methods: This research method uses a descriptive method with a case study approach. The instruments used were HARS questionnaire sheets and Progressive Muscle Relaxation SOP sheets. The number of respondents was 1 person with hypertension with an anxiety nursing diagnosis. Result: The results of applying progressive muscle relaxation given 2 times per day for 7 days with a duration of 30-45 minutes each meeting showed a decrease in anxiety level from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety, followed by a decrease in blood pressure. Conclusion: The application of progressive muscle relaxation has proven effective in reducing anxiety in hypertensive clients. This therapy can be used as an adjunct to overcome anxiety which is useful for reducing blood pressure of hypertensive clients.

Personalized, Naturalistic Virtual Reality Scenarios Coupled With Web-Based Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training for the General Population: Protocol for a Proof-of-Principle Randomized Controlled Trial

Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool that can facilitate exposure to either stressful or relaxing stimuli and enables individuals who have difficulties visualizing scenes to be involved in a more realistic sensorimotor experience. It also facilitates multisensory stimulation, a sense of presence, and achievement of relaxation. VR scenarios representing visual and auditory elements of natural relaxing environments can facilitate the learning of relaxation techniques such as the progressive muscle relaxation technique (PMRT). A complementary standardized technique deployed to reduce anxiety symptoms is the integration of PMRT and guided imagery (GI). Exposure to a pleasant imaginary environment helps the establishment of an association between a relaxing scenario and the relaxation technique, consequently promoting relaxation. Empirical evidence has shown that VR scenarios can increase the effects of relaxation techniques by enabling people to experience emotional conditions in more vivid settings. The main aim of this pilot study protocol is to investigate the impact on state anxiety of PMRT, associated with a personalized relaxing scenario in VR, and the role of VR scenarios in facilitating the recall of relaxing images and a sense of presence. A secondary aim is to understand if relaxing sessions administered via Zoom are more effective for managing anxiety and stress than a procedural setting based on audio-track guidance. Based on a longitudinal, between-subject design, 108 university students will be randomly exposed to one of three experimental conditions: (1) PMRT via Zoom and GI exposure, (2) PMRT via Zoom and personalized VR exposure, and (3) PMRT based on audio-track guidance and personalized VR exposure. Individuals are assessed before and after 7 training sessions based on self-report questionnaires investigating anxiety, depression, quality of life, coping strategies, sense of presence, engagement, and side effects related to VR exposure. Heart rate data are also detected by an Mi Band 2 sensor. The experimental procedure is ongoing. In this paper, preliminary data from a sample of 40 participants will be illustrated. The experimental phase is expected to conclude in May 2023, and the final results of the research will be presented in June 2023. The results of this study will help shape the experimental design to apply it on a subsequent randomized controlled trial, also considering clinical samples. This work is expected to measure whether VR is a more engaging and helpful technique in promoting relaxation and decreasing anxiety levels than GI, by making the visualization process easier and by helping people to face more realistic sensory experiences. Assessing the efficacy of the PMRT in alternative delivery modes may extend its applications, especially in situations where the standard procedure is more challenging to be administered. To our knowledge, no equivalent study has been published so far on this matter. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05478941; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05478941. DERR1-10.2196/44183.

Mental health trajectories of Brazilian health workers during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021).

This study aimed to: (a) monitor the progression of symptoms of mental health burden among frontline workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Brazil during the two waves of the pandemic, considering the number of new cases and deaths, and; (b) to verify the different mental health outcomes and potential associations with current burnout symptoms. A non-probabilistic sample of health professionals was assessed as the pandemic progressed in Brazil (May/2020 August/2021). Standardized instruments focusing on anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress, and burnout symptoms were applied online. The results indicate a decrease in anxiety levels, what was related to when the number of new cases declined (end 1th-wave); symptoms returned to higher levels later. Emotional exhaustion increased when there was a higher incidence of cases, returning to the baseline levels at the end of the second wave. Depersonalization symptoms increased in this phase, characterized by a further decrease in new cases, while professional accomplishment decreased during the follow-up. The highest number of new cases was associated with a higher frequency of anxiety (OR = 1.467;95%CI = 1.109-1.941; p = 0.007) and professional accomplishment (OR = 1.490;95%CI = 1.098-2.023; p = 0.011). The subjects with trajectory of resilience against anxiety presented the lowest level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p < 0.05). The conclusion is that the pressure experienced by healthcare professionals throughout the pandemic caused different impacts on their mental health, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this condition and the need for constant monitoring and care. This finding directly affects mental health prevention and intervention measures, which remain a priority and require continuous reinforcement, especially among the most vulnerable groups.

Virtual reality increases pressure pain threshold and lowers anxiety in children compared with control and non-immersive control-A randomized, crossover trial.

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising non-pharmacological pain intervention because it may not only distract but also modulate pain by immersing the user in a three-dimensional 360° alternate reality. In children, VR has been reported to reduce clinical pain and anxiety during medical procedures. However, the effect of immersive VR on pain and anxiety remains to be investigated in randomized controlled trials (RCT). The aim of the present crossover RCT was to assess the effect of VR on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and anxiety level measured with the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) in children in a controlled experimental setting. Seventy-two children (mean age 10.2 (6-14) years) were randomized to 24 sequences of four interventions (immersive VR Game, immersive VR video, tablet: 2D video and control: small talk). Outcome measures PPT, mYPAS and heart rate were assessed before and after each intervention. PPT increased significantly during VR game (PPTdiff): 136 kPa (CI 112; 161), p < 0.0001 and VR Video (PPTdiff): 122 kPa (CI 91; 153), p < 0.0001. Also, anxiety levels significantly decreased during both VR game (mYPASdiff: -7 points (-8 to -5), p < 0.0001) and VR video (mYPASdiff: -6 points (CI -7; -4), p < 0.0001). VR had a marked beneficial effect on PPT and anxiety compared with the control interventions: 2D video and small talk. Thus, immersive VR had a distinct modulatory effect on pain and anxiety in a well-controlled experimental setting. Immersive VR was effective and feasible in children and can act as a valid tool for non-pharmacological pain and anxiety management. Paediatric immersive VR seems to be beneficial although well-controlled studies are pending. We investigated whether immersive VR can modulate children's threshold for pain and anxiety level in an experimental well-controlled setting. We document a modulatory pain threshold increase and anxiety level decrease compared with extensive control conditions. Paediatric immersive VR is effective, feasible and valid for non-pharmacological pain and anxiety management. All efforts to reach the goal that no child should experience pain or anxiety when exposed to medical procedures.

The The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccine Education with Audiovisual Media on Anxiety Levels of Pregnant Women as Candidates for COVID-19 Vaccination Participants

Giving the Covid-19 vaccine to pregnant women causes anxiety for pregnant women. One of the interventions that can be given is education using audiovisual media. This study aims to analyze the effect of audiovisual Covid-19 vaccine education on the anxiety level of pregnant women as potential participants for the Covid-19 vaccination in the work area of the Paleran Health Center. This study used a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample of this study was 84 pregnant women and used purposive sampling. The data was obtained using an anxiety questionnaire (validity=0.38 and reliability=0.93). The Wilcoxon test showed that there was an effect of education using audiovisual media (p=0.000). While in the control group, there was no effect (p=0.988). Mann-Whitney showed a significant difference between the intervention group after being given audiovisual media education and the control group (p=0.002). Audiovisual media is attractive and easy to understand because it can stimulate sight and hearing someone curious about the video that aired and got the information that affects mentality and behavior, so decrease anxiety level. in this case, audiovisual media will reduce pregnant women's anxiety about the Covid-19 vaccine.

AWARENESS INTEGRATION THEORY CASE REPORT: THERAPUTIC INTERVENTION FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN A TRANSEXUAL MALE COLLEGE STUDENT

One clinical psychotherapist's case report about a 19-year-old Caucasian transexual male college student with above-average intelligence is presented. Client had previously been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, gender dysmorphia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder tendencies. The client sought therapeutic services due to low self-esteem that promoted feelings of awkwardness in social situations, worry that others are mad at him, and a desire for deeper relationships with friends. Therapist followed the six phases of Zeine's model of awareness integration therapy (AIT) based on AI theory. AIT has been found to successfully reduced anxiety symptoms in clients diagnosed with generalized anxiety and other disorders. AIT aims to enhance one's self-awareness about internal processes, increase self-esteem, release past traumas and psychological blocks, reduce anxiety symptoms, and regulate thoughts, emotions, attentions, intentions, and actions. Therapist's treatment plan and client's goals aligned with the six phases of AIT by: (a) increasing insight into the historical and current sources of low self-esteem; (b) decreasing the frequency of negative self-descriptive statements; (c) increasing the frequency of positive self-descriptive reports; (d) decreasing anxiety level while increasing the ability to function daily and learn; (e) implementing mindfulness exercises to reduce anxiety and worry; and (f) taking committed actions toward living a valued life. Therapist helped client access and gain awareness of the correlation between the way he perceives the world and how he relates to and behaves towards others. Client enhanced his abilities to incorporate new understanding of how he viewed the world following therapy, and made better decisions regarding himself and his personal identity. Client's scores on the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist (for DMS-5), the generalized anxiety disorder screen (GAD-7), and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) decreased signicantly following 10 months of AIT. Client reported his anxiety had decreased, and he felt condent about initiating and participating in social interactions. (word count: 300)

Can Resveratrol Influence the Activity of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1? A Combined In Silico and In Vivo Study.

The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) is an NADPH-dependent reductase, responsible for the activation of cortisol by reducing cortisone. Resveratrol (RES), a type of natural polyphenol, is reported to be able to slow the progression of cancer and cardiovascular disease and improve the health of mice on a high-calorie diet. In this article, we applied molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the possibility of binding RES to 11β-HSD-1. The 11β-HSD-1:RES complex is stable on the μs time scale, and backbone RMSD-based clustering identified three conformations. Special attention was paid to the interaction pattern between the ligand and the target molecule, revealing hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl group of RES and Thr124, as well as hydrophobic interactions responsible for the binding. In vivo studies demonstrated the ability of resveratrol at a dose of 40 mg/kg to reduce 11β-HSD-1 activity in the liver of rats under conditions of experimental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as in non-stressed animals. In both cases, the resveratrol-induced reduction in 11β-HSD-1 activity was accompanied by an increase in plasma corticosterone levels and a decrease in anxiety levels in the plus maze test.

The Effectivness of Five-Finger Hypnosis Theraphy to Decrease on Family’s Anxiety Levels in the Intensive Care Unit

Patients in critical or life-threatening conditions who require quick and appropriate help in the emergency room (IGD) with uncertainty about the situation and patient safety, families often experience anxiety. Therapeutic hypnosis five fingers can help mengatatasi anxiety. Five- finger hypnosis therapy is a form of self-hypnosis that can cause a high relaxation effect, so it will reduce tension and anxiety from one's mind. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of five-finger hypnosis therapy on the level of family anxiety in the emergency department (IGD) RSUD RA Basoeni Mojokerto. The research method used was pre-experimental design with one group pre-test-post-test design. The population of all patients' families in the emergency department (IGD ) RSUD RA Basoeni Mojokerto amounted to 129 . The sampling technique used in this research is Concecutive sampling. so that the sample obtained as many as 17 respondents . The instrument in this study was a questionnaire. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test analysis, it was found that the p value = 0.000 and = 0.05 then this shows p &lt; which means this research shows that there is a meaning that there is an effect of five finger hypnosis therapy on the level of family anxiety in the Emergency Installation of RA Basoeni General Hospital Mojokerto . Giving five-finger hypnosis therapy is a form of diverting self-hypnosis situations that can cause a relaxing effect, so that it will reduce anxiety, tension, and stress from one's mind which can have an effect on decreasing anxiety level scores.

EFFECT OF MINDFULLNESS THERAPY ON THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY OF POSTPARTUM MOTHERS IN MALINGPING INPATIENT HEALTH CENTER YEAR 2022

Background : Postpartum anxiety is very important to know because of the mother's lack of knowledge at this stage, because it will undergo many changes both emotional (psychologically), physical (physiological) changes and environmental (social) changes experienced by postpartum mothers. Such changes can affect the emotional instability of the mother after childbirth, which is characterized by a deep and sustained feeling of fear or worry. Continued postpartum anxiety negatively affects both mother and baby.&#x0D; The anxiety rate of postpartum mothers is still a high category in various countries such as Pakistan as much as (70%), Hong Kong as much as (54%), Bangladesh as much as (29%) and Portugal as much as (18.2%) %), anxiety levels in Indonesia as much as (28.7 %) (Agustin and Septiyana, 2018).&#x0D; Mindfulness therapy can be used to reduce the level of anxiety towards postpartum mothers, when a person is in a mindfulness situation, the emotional stability of postpartum mothers will be more improved, and the effect is regarding the decrease in anxiety levels (Triyono. H. G, Dwidiyanti, M. &amp; Widyastuti, 2018). According to Oktavia (2018), defining mindfulness therapy aims to help a person in gaining awareness so that there is no reaction to what is happening (good, bad or neutral events / events) and a person is able to overcome his emotions when in a state of depression or frustration and build peace for himself.&#x0D;

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРОГРАММ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ, ПЕРЕНЕСШИХ COVID-19

Objective: to improve treatment effectiveness in patients after viral lung injury caused by SARS-CоV-2 by inclusion of physical pulmonary rehabilitation (PPR) programmes in the complex treatment. Materials and methods. We studied 17 patients with lung injury. Before and after 14 days of PPR all the patients underwent complex clinical and functional examination, life quality and depression assessment. Results. After a course of PPR the patients demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in symptom severity, increase in SpO2, increase in 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and decrease in anxiety level. All the patients had positive trend to increase in lung diffusing capacity and life quality improvement. Rehabilitation programmes are strongly advised for COVID-19 survivors.

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on pregnant women's awareness of warning signs and symptoms in pregnancy. Research Protocol

Introduction: "Childbirth and parenting preparation" (CPP) can reduce maternal stress, improve self-efficacy, decrease anxiety levels and achieve better obstetric outcomes. However, there is limited evidence of its effects on maternal or fetal results. Therefore, it must be standardized to elucidate its actual effects on physical and mental health. During 2019-2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decrease in CPP as the global health crisis has affected the supply of resources and the services offered to the population. Objective: To evaluate the influence of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 on the knowledge of pregnant women about the warning signs and symptoms during pregnancy. As specific objectives: to gauge the level of knowledge acquired by pregnant women in CPP; evaluate the level of knowledge of pregnant women have about the warning signs and symptoms during pregnancy without receiving CPP; of pregnant women who receive CPP through online group classes and those who receive it individually; measure the ability of the pregnant woman to detect situations of risk/alarm at a general level; according to age and according to their educational level. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental project that consists of evaluating three groups of pregnant women. Two groups receive information on preparing for birth and parenting from their health centre with different methodologies included and a third group lacks such training. Data collection will be carried out by evaluating knowledge with an accepted and validated questionnaire; The information obtained from each group will be subject to a statistical analysis to establish if there are significant differences between the groups with respect to the level of knowledge of the warning signs and symptoms during a pregnancy.

Influence of an epigenetic diet on migraine patients

Objective. Migraine is a common type of primary headache disorder, distinguished by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe unilateral throbbing pain. The goal of this study is to analyze the epigenetic influences of diet and their effects on patients with migraine headaches. Materials and methods. 130 patients with migraine headaches were analyzed (13.7% male and 86.3% female). The subjects were divided into two groups; Group A patients subsequently followed an epigenetic diet enriched with 5 mg of folic acid. Group B patients didn’t follow any type of diet. Results. When analyzing the data before the start of the study, it was found that the average concentration of folic acid in Group A was 2.8+3.6 ng/ml, which was significantly lower than in Group B (p=0.003). The average level of homocysteine was significantly different in both groups (р=0.04). Furthermore, a significant decrease in the intensity and frequency of headache was found (р = 0.02; р = 0.04), and a decrease in the average level of anxiety according to the Hamilton Anxiety Scale was found (from 15.0+3.5 points to 9+2 points) (p=0.03). Conclusion. A significant effect from homocysteine and folic acid levels in migraine patients on headache severity and quality of life was observed.

Coping Mechanisms Decrease Anxiety Levels of Pregnant Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Kalimantan

Background: The Coronavirus outbreak (Covid-19) has taken the world by storm up to this day, and the effect is experienced around the world, including Indonesia. The current condition is especially risky for pregnant women due to various hormonal changes during pregnancy. Further, the pandemic situation creates anxiety that might result in negative effects on their pregnancies. This study aims to analyses the knowledge of Covid-19 and coping mechanisms for decrease the anxiety level of pregnant women during Covid-19.&#x0D; Method: This study utilizes an observational design with a cross-sectional approach. 324 women with normal pregnancies residing in Banjarbaru city and Banjar district are involved as a sample in this study. This sample is taken through consecutive sampling. &#x0D; Result: The study has found that 48,1% of pregnant women have moderate anxiety level. Among those numbers 85,2% exhibit adaptive coping mechanisms. Further, the data has shown that 44,4% of them exhibit sufficient knowledge of Covid-19. Therefore, it is indicated that a sufficient level of knowledge can help improve pregnant women’s actions in protecting themselves from the possibility of being infected by Covid-19. A good level of knowledge creates an adaptive coping mechanism, and the result is a decrease in anxiety for pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Conclusion: Sufficient knowledge of Covid-19 results in adaptive coping mechanism exhibition and brings about the decline of anxiety level of pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is advisable for a medical practitioner in public health services to identify anxiety levels and provide appropriate information, so that pregnant women can have adaptive coping mechanisms during Covid-19.

The effect of an epigenetic diet on migraine patients

Migraine is a common type of primary headache disorder, distinguished by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe unilateral throbbing pain, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia.&#x0D; Objective — to study the effect of epigenetic diet on frequency and intensity of migraine headache attacks, indicators of psycho‑emotional status and quality of life of migraine patients.&#x0D; Methods and subjects. 130 people aged from 18 to 55 years (average age — 38.6 ± 8.3 years) were examined, of which 15 (11.5 %) were men and 115 (88.4 %) were women. The patients were distributed into two groups: group A — patients who followed an epigenetic diet enriched with 5 mg of folic acid, group B — patients who did not follow any diet. The diagnosis of migraine was confirmed using the criteria of the International Headache Society. Before the study, all participants were assessed using the Work Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). Also, the frequency of headache was determined in all patients. Headache intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Psychoemotional status at the beginning and at the end of the study was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Beck Depression Scale. In all patients, the content of folic acid and homocysteine in the blood was determined using an immunochemical method with electrochemiluminescence detection.&#x0D; Results. When analyzing the data before the start of the study, it was found that the average concentration of folic acid in group A was 2.8 ± 3.6 ng/ml and was significantly lower than in group B (p = 0.003). The average level of homocysteine was different in both groups (р = 0.04). In group A, against the background of using an epigenetic diet, the average level of folic acid remarkably increased (p = 0.001), and the average level of homocysteine significantly decreased (p = 0.003). Also, in group A, a notable decrease in the intensity and frequency of headache was found (р = 0.02; р = 0.04), a decrease in the average level of anxiety according to the Hamilton scale (from 15.0 ± 3.5 points to 9 ± 2 points) (p = 0.03). A direct relationship between the level of homocysteine and the score on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the MIDAS scale was established, as well as a negative correlation between the level of folic acid and the score on the Beck Depression Scale.&#x0D; Conclusions. Evidence of the influence of changes in the content of homocysteine and folic acid in the blood of patients with migraine against the background of an epigenetic diet on the severity of headache and quality of life was revealed. The use of an epigenetic diet in the prevention and treatment of migraine needs further study, as it is difficult to predict the final effect of the diet due to its low specificity to the epigenome and the large number of interactions between the active components of the diet.&#x0D;

The online mock OSCE - a mixed-methods analysis of its benefits and overall student experience

Background The social distancing requirements of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in an inability to deliver traditional, face-to-face Mock OSCEs; a means of clinical skill learning that has been shown to be beneficial to students. This study investigated the ability of an Online Mock OSCE to replace the in-person format and assessed whether similar benefits could be obtained by this method of delivery. Methods A student-run Online Mock OSCE was designed and rolled out to Year 2 undergraduate medical students; a questionnaire was then distributed to 43 students who consented to be involved in the research. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, with interpretation carried out via paired sample t-tests and supplementary thematic analysis. Results Comparison of pre-and-post-OSCE scores demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety both towards summative OSCEs with similar stations and with different stations. Student confidence levels and self-reported retention of clinical skills showed statistically significant increases as a result of the Online Mock OSCE. Students had a strongly positive opinion of the process; analysis of written responses identified the provision of useful feedback on clinical skills, allowance of recognition of knowledge gaps, and enablement of increased familiarity with the assessment process as common justifications for this. Conclusions The Online Mock OSCE represents an excellent alternative to face-to-face delivery; it is well-received by students and offers a number of benefits, including decreased anxiety levels, increased confidence and improved self-reported retention of clinical skills, alongside logistical advantages of the online process. This study gives evidence for its continuing adaptation and inclusion within the medical curriculum even as in-person practice becomes feasible once more, such are the extensive assets it offers, and the potential for the method to be utilised within blended learning.

PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI BENSON TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN PRE TINDAKAN TREADMILL TEST

ABSTRACT&#x0D; BACKGROUND : Treadmill test is one of the diagnoses for heart disease that can cause anxiety. Non-pharmacological therapy for anxiety is BensonIrelaxation, which is relaxationithat combines relaxation response techniques and individual belief systems.&#x0D; OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of Benson's relaxation technique on the anxiety level of pre-treadmill test patients at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.&#x0D; METHOD : Thisi study usedi a pre-experimental one group pre- and post-test design. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample of 52 respondents. The instrument used is STAI (State-TraitiAnxiety Inventory)i which contains 20 state anxiety items and 20 trait anxiety items. Thei instrument used is STAI (State-TraitiAnxiety Inventory)iwhich contains 20 state anxiety items and 20 trait anxiety items.&#x0D; RESULT : From the results of the Wilcoxon test, it was found that there was a significant effect on decreasing levels of anxiety before the treadmill test with a p value of 0.000.&#x0D; CONCLUSION : It was concludedithat thereiwas an effect of Benson's relaxation onithe anxiety level of pre-treadmill patients. Benson relaxation is expected to be one ofi the non-pharmacologicali intervention optionsi to reducei anxiety levelsiand facilitatei patients undergoing the treadmill test to perform Benson relaxation.&#x0D; KEYWORDS: iAnxiety, Benson Relaxation,Treadmill Test&#x0D;

The Effect of Five Finger Relaxation on Mother's Anxiety Level Third Trimester Primigravida in Tuban Health Center Working Area

Anxiety is an individual mental or psychological state that brings up feelings like worry, fear, anxiety, confusion, and others. One of the treatments for those problems is five-finger relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of five-finger relaxation on the anxiety level of primigravida mothers during the third trimester at the Tuban Public Health Center’s working area. The methods used Pre-experimental (static-group comparison design) and a cross-sectional study approach were used as the study’s method. The sampling technique used a simple random sampling with 36 primigravida mothers as the sample. SOP and questionnaires sheets were used as the instruments. Paired sample T-test was used to analyze the data. The study results showed a decrease in anxiety levels in third-trimester primigravida mothers in the experimental group after being given five-finger relaxation therapy with 1 treatment during the study. Five-finger relaxation is effective in non-pharmacological treatment. So it can be concluded that there is a difference in the level of anxiety of third-trimester primigravida mothers in the experimental group and the control group