Decoction Method Research Articles

Formulation of Fish Feed Using Medicinal Herb Curcuma Amada and Its Biochemical and Haematological Changes in Labeo Rohita

A characteristic feature of fish is the wide physiological range of blood parameters and also the large individual variations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological profile and biochemical profile of fish Labeo rohita. The blood parameters viz., total WBC and RBC count, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC values were analyzed using standard methods. The differences found in this study can be attributed to the feeding behaviour, life style and adaptation of the different fish species to the habitat in which they dwell. Curcuma amada Roxb is commonly known as mango ginger. It is a perennial, rhizomatous, aromatic herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The ranges of serum biochemistry vary from species to species and can be influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors such as water temperature, seasonal pattern, food, age and sex of the fish. The present study deals with the use of medicinal plant Curcuma amada in fish diet to study the biochemical and haematological profile on Labeo rohita a common fish. The plant was extracted and processed for decoction method. The extract obtained was then mixed with 0.5 kg salt (NaCl) and 1.0 kg fish feed powder in the ratio 10:1. Based on the results it is appropriate to conclude that the plant extract of Curcuma amada incorporated in fish diet may improve the biochemical and haematological profile in blood of fish Labeo rohita. It was observed that the herbal diet fed fishes exhibited significant increase in RBC, WBC, serum protein and globulin and also maintained hepatics disorder enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) which may be considered as a sign of improvement in health status. It may be due to the presence active components i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavanoids). Providing quality fish feed became a prime aim of every aquaculturist. Though fish feed devours around 50% of the production cost, yet it plays the pivotal role in the production and yield outcome.

Evaluation of Biochemical and Haematological Responses of Common Carp (Labeo rohita) after treatment with medicinal herb Curcuma cassia

Curcumas are the unimaginable world of hidden gingers, which get its name from some of the varieties because they bear their flowers on short stalks amid its foliage. Curcuma cassia is a perennial monocot herb with fleshy rhizomes. The present study deals with the use of medicinal plant Curcuma cassia in fish diet to study the biochemical and haematological profile on Labeo rohita a common fish. The plant was extracted and processed for decoction method. The extract obtained was then mixed with 0.5 kg salt (NaCl) and 1.0 kg fish feed powder in the ratio 10:1. Required amount of sterilized water was mixed to make it paste. Haematological and biochemical studies were done after administering the extracts for 30days. Based on the results it is appropriate to conclude that the plant extract of Curcuma cassia incorporated in fish diet may improve the biochemical and haematological profile in blood of fish Labeo rohita. It was observed that the herbal diet fed fishes exhibited significant increase in RBC, WBC, serum protein and globulin and also maintained hepatics disorder enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) which may be considered as a sign of improvement in health status. It may be due to the presence active components i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids. Phytochemicals in herbs may act as a potent gradient in improving the health of fishes as well as human beings. Keywords: Labeo rohita, Curcuma cassia, Biochemical, Haematological profile, Fish

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Rhein from Cassia fistula Pod Pulp.

Rhein is used as an active ingredient in laxatives in medicinal herbal products and is a chemical marker for quality control purposes. Thus, a simple and effective method for the optimized extraction of a high amount of rhein from the fruit pulp of Cassia fistula was investigated using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The response surface methodology was applied to find the most suitable parameters for optimizing the extraction process and to study the factors’ relationships with each other. The best conditions for ultrasonic extraction were the application of 1:40 g/mL solid-to-liquid ratio and 10% EtOH–H2O as a solvent at 75 °C for 40 min. This method was compared to a conventional decoction in two variations. In these experiments, it was confirmed that the UAE was more favorable than the decoction methods. The resulting crude extract was further purified by liquid–liquid extraction with a basic pH adjustment, followed by recrystallization. High-purity rhein was obtained by using chromatographic techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Therefore, this study suggests that UAE is an efficient alternative method for the extraction of rhein from C. fistula pod pulp. The resulting optimized conditions can be applied as a useful tool for the large-scale industrial production of a rhein-rich plant extract.

Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

BackgroundRotheca glabrum (formerly known as Clerodendrum glabrum [Verbenaceae]) is used by local communities in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to control ticks on livestock and was selected from the database of the ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute. Its leaves were extracted using organic solvents ranging from polar to non-polar solvents (methanol, acetone and dichloromethane (DCM)). In addition, the traditional soap-water (infusion) and water-based (decoction) methods were used. The tick repelling activity was determined against the adult stage of the livestock tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.ResultsIn the tick-climbing repellency bioassay a 30% acetone extract had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) repellent effect against adults of R. appendiculatus. The extract was still active at a lower concentration of 10%. The hexane fraction from the R. glabrum acetone extract had a higher tick repellency activity than the positive controls Amitix and Bayticol at the same concentrations. Unfortunately, the activity decreased after 2.5 h, probably due to volatility of the biologically active compound(s) within the extract.ConclusionAttempts were made to isolate the repellent compound from the acetone extract of R. glabrum. The process produced very good results up to a late stage in the bioassay-guided fractionation process. At that point, the repellent activity was lost. When two fractions were combined, the repellent activity was regained. These results provide strong evidence for the existence of a synergisticactivity of different compounds. It may be better to concentrate on extracts that would kill ticks rather than on extracts that would repel ticks.

Effect of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Sorbitol on Anti-Peptic Ulcer Activity of Anredera cordifolia Leaves Extract

Anredera cordifolia or binahong is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that is used to treat peptic ulcer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sorbitol on anti-peptic ulcer activity of A. cordifolia leaves extracts in male Wistar rats. The plants were extracted using decoction method and freeze dried. Three liquid formulas were used i.e., i) a combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol; ii) only sorbitol; iii) extract only. The rats were divided into 6 groups, i.e., positive control (sucralfate 35 mg/kg body weight); negative control (80% ethanol); normal control; and 3 formulas. After the administration of the liquid formula, all groups, except normal control, were given 80% ethanol (l5 ml/kg body weight) to induce peptic ulcer. Antipeptic ulcer activity was evaluated using direct observation on rats gastric mucosa, and histopathology assessment. The result showed that the strongest anti-peptic ulcer was shown by sorbitol only (96.95% inhibition), followed by the combination of sodium CMC and sorbitol (92.68% inhibition). The formula which only contained extract showed only 31.70% inhibition. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between formula 1 and 2 with negative controls. In conclusion, A. cordifolia leaves extract with the addition of sorbitol showed the strongest anti-peptic ulcer activity. Keyword: Anredera cordifolia, peptic ulcer, suspense, Wistar rat.

Effect of extraction temperatures on tannin content and antioxidant activity of Quercus infectoria (Manjakani)

Abstract This study was specifically aimed to investigate the effects of extraction temperatures on tannin and antioxidant activity; the interaction between these two responses towards the processing parameter chosen. The main bioactive compound; tannin was extracted from Quercus infectoria (Manjakani) galls using aqueous decoction method. Few different extraction temperatures were selected prior for the extraction of tannin from Q. infectoria galls optimally. The selected temperatures were at 50, 75 and 100 °C and the effects of these temperatures on tannin content and antioxidant activity were examined thoroughly. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the active compounds mainly tannic acid found in Q. infectoria galls. Alternatively, DPPH radical scavenging assay was performed to analyse the antioxidant activity and trends affected from the extraction temperature. The results demonstrated that Q. infectoria aqueous extract gives the highest tannin concentration of 2233.82 ± 1.311 and highest antioxidant activity approximately at 93.422 ± 0.256% at the extraction temperature of 75 °C. The outcomes of this study illustrate that extraction temperatures gave significant effects on the response variables (tannin content and antioxidant activity) respectively and the interaction between these responses were considered.

Adverse reactions analysis of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and mechanism prediction of cardiac toxicity by network pharmacology

The aim of this paper was to provide reference for the clinical safety use of aconite through the retrieval of literature about adverse reactions,predict its mechanism of cardiac toxicity by using network pharmacology,and provide ideas for the studies on toxicity mechanism of toxic Chinese medicines. The papers on adverse reactions of aconite were searched to established a database and summarize the adverse reactions of aconite. The results of literature review showed that the main causes for adverse reactions in clinical use of aconite included overdose use,short cooking time,consumption of medicinal liquor/medicinal diet,external use and misuse and so on. Therefore,the dosage of aconite should be strictly followed in clinical application,and the decoction method should be notified to the patients in detail to avoid taking the medicinal liquor and diet containing aconite,so as to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions as much as possible,and make the best use of aconite in clinical application in avoid its toxicity. At the same time,based on the results of literature review,the network construction and visual analysis of cardio toxicity produced by aconite were carried out by using the network pharmacology technologies. RESULTS: showed that aconite can be applied to eight biological processes such as action potential of cardiac myocytes,cardiac conduction-related cell signal transduction,cardiac myocytes contraction,action potential involved in cardiac myocytes contraction,and signal transduction from atrial myocardial cells to atrioventricular node cells,and three target genes(SCN5 A,GJA1,GJA5). It was predicted that Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata may influence cardiomyocyte depolarization,intercellular information transmission and material exchange by acting on three target genes(SCN5 A,GJA1,GJA5) and regulating the sodium channel protein and the expression of gap junction protein,thus affecting the heart rhythm as well as its structure and function and causing cardiac toxicity.

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE CENTRAL NORTH OF MOROCCO: A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF ALTERNATIVE DRUGS AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Objective: The present study aims the investigation of the antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants selected in the central north of Morocco against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strain often involved in dermatitis.
 Methods: Structured interviews were carried out among 91 herbalists and traditional healers through a specific information questionnaire, the in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus strains award ethanol extracts was evaluated using the well-diffusion assay, while the agar-microdilution method was used to determinate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The total phenolic and flavonoids contents of all tested extracts were also determined.
 Results: Based on the ethnobotanical survey, a total of 55 plant species belonging to 30 families were mentioned. The Lamiaceae family was the most represented (18.80%) followed by the Apiaceae family (10.90%). Leaves (45.00%) were the favored used part. Decoction method (48.53%) was the most frequently used to prepare remedies that are taken externally (75.00%). Nine of the 17 most selected species have shown an effective antistaphylococcal activity; the most active extracts were Punica granatum and Rhamnus alaternus with MIC values ranging between 0.25 mg/ml and 2.00 mg/ml.
 Conclusion: The current data confirm the good antistaphylococcal activity of P. granatum and R. alaternus and suggest that these species could constitute a promoter source for antistaphylococcal drugs with deeply studies.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxicity of Sclerocarya birrea Stem Bark

The research was aimed at the antibacterial studies and cytotoxicity of aqueous trona extract of Sclerocarya birrea (marula) stem bark. Extraction of the stem bark was carried out using decoction method from the dried stem bark of marula. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, antibacterial and cytotoxicity test. The extract indicated the presence of tannin, saponins and alkaloids with the absence of flavonoids, steroids and glycosides. An antimicrobial study of the extracts was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar—well diffusion method. The extracts with trona have higher zone of inhibition at 100 mg/ml, Escherichia coli, (zone of inhibition = 16), Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition = 14) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (zone of inhibition = 9). The cytotoxicity tests were carried out on the extracts using brine shrimp lethality assay, the extract showed a mortality with 9 nauplii dead upon exposure at 1000 ppm, and had an LC50 value of 63.1 ppm. The FTIR characterization carried out on the extract indicates the presence of functional groups such as: O-H, C=O, C-N and C-C(O)-C indicating peak of alcohols, carbonyl group amine and ester.

The Evaluation of Antiurolithiathic Properties of Ananas nanus, Aquilaria malaccensis, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Pandanus atrocarpus and Garcinia mangostana

Abstract Medicinal plants was commonly used as an alternatives for treating many ailments including kidney stones disease. These plants provides various promising features as to confered health benefits, lessen the side effect and safe to be consumed. In this regards, a present study was conducted on five Malaysian traditional plant which are A. nanus, A. malaccensis, C. xanthorrhiza, P. atrocarpus and G. mangostana to investigate their inhibition effect towards stone crystallization using in-vitro technique. The plant extracts was obtained by using water decoction method. The turbidity of plant extract and calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixture was observed for inhibition activity in nucleation assay using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Standard drugs Cystone, was used as positive control in comparison. Among all, the best inhibition rate was possessed by A. Malaccensis extract (77.27%) with no significant different (p

Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from different sources of ginseng

The crude polysaccharides from ginseng roots and stems were extracted by decoction method, acid polysaccharides and neutral polysaccharides were further separated. The content of ginseng polysaccharides was determined by phenol‑sulfuric acid method. The antioxidant activity of ginseng polysaccharides was determined by DPPH method. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from aboveground part was higher than that from underground part. The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in the aerial part was as follows: neutral polysaccharides > acid polysaccharides. The acid polysaccharides in underground part had little antioxidant activity.

Assessment ofOpuntia ficus-indicain vivo Following Ethnobotanical Survey: Confirmation of its Analgesic Activity

Opuntia ficus-indica(the cactus or prickly pear) is a cactus belonging to the Opuntiae family. Several Opuntiae plant parts have been used in traditional Moroccan medicine. In this study, we investigated its most common use as an analgesic. An ethnobotanical study ofOpuntia ficus-indicawas first conducted in 10 areas in Morocco. Extracts fromOpuntia ficus-indicacladodes were obtained using a decoction method and its analgesic activity in mice was investigated by the hot plate and tail flick methods. Cladode extracts had significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity at intraperitoneal doses of 300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Both methods revealed significantly increased latency at all three doses (p<0.05) compared to controls. These data suggest that the traditional use of this plant as an analgesic is valid; in fact, perhaps it may be a centrally-acting analgesic.

Safer management practices for Aflatoxigenic fungi in nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

A study was undertaken to determine the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi and other fungal contaminants in the kernel, mace and shell of ripened nutmeg tree fruits collected from nutmeg plots of Ernakulam and Thrissur districts of Kerala. Mace and nut were separated from fruits and washed in tap water to remove soil particles and other debris adhering to it. The kernel, mace and shell were subjected to different chemical/botanicals by four methods viz; dipping, decoction, samples in cloth bag and fumigation in order to prevent aflatoxigenic fungi and other fungal growth during storage. Based on the present studies, it was found that pre-treatment of kernel, mace and shell of nutmeg with either citrus leaf decoction (@100 g/litre) or curry leaf decoction (@ 100 g/litre) or Anona seed extract (5%) using decoction method were effective against aflatoxigenic fungi as well as fungal contamination. However, further studies are needed on pilot scale to confirm.

Investigation of in-vitro anthelmintic activity of Lindernia madayiparense

Helminthiasis causes a large threatening to the public health and lead to the prevalence of malnutrition, anemia, eosinophilia and pneumonia in developing countries. Due to the high cost of currently available anthelmintic drugs and also the gastro-intestinal helminthes becomes resistant to the drugs; the research on herbal remedies as alternative anthelmintics has been increased. The present study was aimed to assess the anthelmintic activity of the plant, Lindernia madayiparense against Indian earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. Different extracts were prepared using decoction and continuous hot extraction methods. Preliminary qualitative analysis was carried out on all the extracts of L. madayiparanse to identify the presence of phytochemical constituents. Among the extracts tested, ethanol extract showed excellent anthelmintic activity as well as higher than other extracts at all the concentrations against the earth worms and well comparable with standard drug, Albendazole. All the extracts tested exhibited a dose dependent paralytic effect and the time of death. From these findings it was suggested that the observed anthelmintic activity might be due to the presence of these secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids, tannins and saponins.

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND SYNERGISTIC ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate antibacterial and synergistic antimicrobial properties of leaf, stem and bark of Pterocarpus santalinus. Methods: The extraction was done by decoction method. The antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion assay and the synergistic antimicrobial activity was done by agar disc diffusion assay. Results: The synergistic activity was studied with plant extracts plus antibiotics viz. Ampicillin , Polymyxin-B, Clotrimazole and Fluconazole. Conclusions: Amongst the three parts, the best antimicrobial activity was shown by bark extract. All the three parts showed synergistic antimicrobial activity with antibiotics but their level varied. The results suggest that all the three parts phytochemicals that enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of the antibiotics against some microorganisms and hence can be developed as a new therapeutic weapon against infectious diseases.

Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the different extracts of Chromolaena odorata leave on the hematopoietic system of Wistar rats. Solvent extraction was used for the ethanol and aqueous extractions while decoction method was used for the crude extraction. Fifty Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 140-180 g were used for this study. They were divided into ten groups each containing five rats. The animals were fed the extracts by oral gavage once daily for 21 days. Blood sample was collected via cardiac artery. Hematological parameters were analyzed using automation method. The ethanol extract gave the highest extract yield. The aqueous, ethanol and crude extraction had median lethal toxicity (LD50) of 2738.6 mg/kg, 1581.1 mg/kg and 224.7 mg/kg, respectively. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the total white blood cell count was observed in the 75 mg/kg ethanol and 300 mg/kg crude extracts when compared with control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the hemoglobin concentration was observed in the 150 mg/kg ethanol extracts when compared with the control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the packed cell volume was seen in the 75 mg/kg aqueous, 150 mg/kg aqueous and 75 mg/kg ethanol extracts in respect to the control group. The mean cell volume, the mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio of the 75 mg/kg aqueous extract were significantly different (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. The present study showed possible treatment-induced hematopoietic function of C. odorata leave extracts.

Multifunctional biological activities of water extract of housefly larvae (Musca domestica)

Many types of insects have been used as foods and protein sources. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of housefly larvae (Musca domestica) based on their amino acid composition and multifunctional biological activities. First, the utility of the amino acid composition of housefly larvae was evaluated by amino acid analysis. Notably, the housefly larvae contained sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids, and the amino acid composition was similar to that of hen eggs. Second, we prepared housefly larvae water extract (HLWE) using the decoction method and explored the biological activities of the extract for potential application of the extract as a functional food. HLWE showed significant antioxidant activity (75.4% at 5.00mg/mL), angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]=0.430mg/mL), and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity ([IC50]=3.52mg/mL). We found that the low-molecular-weight constituents (<6kDa) in HLWE contributed to antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities, whereas the high-molecular-weight constituents (>6kDa) contributed to DPP-IV inhibition. Our results suggested that housefly larvae may provide a useful source of multifunctional protein.

Knowledge of Medicinal Plants for Children Diseases in the Environs of District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa (KPK).

Medicinal plants are important treasures for the treatment of different types of diseases. Current study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medical plants related to children disorders from district Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. The information gathered was quantitatively analyzed using informant consensus factor, relative frequency of citation and use value method to establish a baseline data for more comprehensive investigations of bioactive compounds of indigenous medicinal plants specifically related to children disorders. To best of our knowledge it is first attempt to document ethno-botanical information of medicinal plants using quantitative approaches. Total of 130 informants were interviewed using questionnaire conducted during 2014–2016 to identify the preparations and uses of the medicinal plants for children diseases treatment. A total of 55 species of flowering plants belonging to 49 genera and 32 families were used as ethno-medicines in the study area. The largest number of specie belong to Leguminosae and Cucurbitaceae families (4 species each) followed by Apiaceae, Moraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, and Solanaceae (3 species each). In addition leaves and fruits are most used parts (28%), herbs are most used life form (47%), decoction method were used for administration (27%), and oral ingestion was the main used route of application (68.5%). The highest use value was reported for species Momordica charantia and Raphnus sativus (1 for each) and highest Informant Consensus Factor was observed for cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases categories (0.5 for each). Most of the species in the present study were used to cure gastrointestinal diseases (39 species). The results of present study revealed the importance of medicinal plant species and their significant role in the health care of the inhabitants in the present area. The people of Bannu own high traditional knowledge related to children diseases. In conclusion we recommend giving priority for further phytochemical investigation to plants that scored highest FIC, UV values, as such values could be considered as good indicator of prospective plants for discovering new drugs and attract future generations toward traditional healing practices.

Metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify the chemical constituents of the Traditional Chinese Er-Zhi-Pill.

Er-Zhi-Pill, which consists of Ligustri lucidi fructus and Ecliptae prostratae herba, is a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formulation widely used as a liver-nourishing and kidney-enriching tonic. To identify the bioactive ingredients of Er-Zhi-Pill and characterize the variation of chemical constituents between co-decoction and mix of individually decocted L. lucidi fructus and E. prostratae herba, a novel metabolomics approach based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion modes, was established to comprehensively analyze chemical constituents and probe distinguishable chemical markers. In total, 68 constituents were unambiguously or tentatively identified through alignment of accurate molecular weights within an error margin of 5ppm, elemental composition and fragmentation characteristics, including eight constituents, which were confirmed by comparing to reference standards. Furthermore, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis using Simca-p+ 12.0 software were applied to investigate chemical differences between formulations obtained by co-decoction and a mixture of individual decoctions. Global chemical differences were found in samples of two different decoction methods, and 16 components, including salidroside, specneuzhenide and wedelolactone, contributed most to the observed differences. This study provides a basic chemical profile for the quality control and further mechanism research of Er-Zhi-Pill.

Study on applications of rheum sterile solution in rats following sepsis and effect on inflammatory factors

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of rheum(Chinese herbal medicine) preparation made by using ultrasonic technique on pro-inflammatory cytokines and sepsis in rats. In order to offer novel measure for the treatment of critically ill patients. Methods Firstly, rheum sterile solution was prepared through ultrasonic technique. Secondly, fifty healthy male SD rats were randomly(random number) divided to CLP group and rheum group. Moderate degree of sepsis model was established by using cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). Rats in group rheum received the liquid rheumpreparation via intragastric administration, while rats in group CLP received saline instead. The 7-day survival rate was recorded and was compared between two groups. In addition, another fifty-four rats were randomly(random number) divided to sham group, CLP group and rheum group(n=18 in each group). CLP was performed to induce sepsis in CLP group and rheum group. Then rats in rheum group received rheum sterile solution via intragastric administration, while rats in CLP group received saline instead. At 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after modeling, six rats in each group were randomly sacrificed. Serum TNF-α and HMGB1 levels were detected by ELISA method. Levels of RAGE, HMGB1 and NF-κB P65 in small intestine were detected by Western Blot. Results Level of anthraquinones extracted from rheum by ultrasonic technique was higher than that by conwentional decoction method. The 7-day survival rate of rats in rheum group(76%) was higher than that in CLP group(48%)(P 0.05). At 24 hours and 48 hours after modeling, serum HMGB1 levels were significantly lower in rheum group than those in CLP group(P<0.05). Compared with sham group, protein levels of HMGB1, RAGE and NF-κB in small intestine were elevated in CLP group and rheum group at 48 hours after modeling(P<0.01), while protein levels of above biomarker were higher in CLP group than those in rheum group(P<0.05). Conclusions Rheum sterile solution could down-regulate the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulate the inflammatory response, and improve the survival rate in rats with sepsis. Key words: Ultrasonic technique; Rheum sterile solution; Stability; Sepsis; Proinflammatory cytokines