Declarative Sentences Research Articles

Expanding research on ʔayʔaǰuθəm interrogative intonation

Relatively little research has been done on ʔayʔaǰuθəm prosody. This lack of research is due in part to the idea that stress and tone are not distinctive features in the language. However, recent studies have found evidence of suprasegmental features in ʔayʔaǰuθəm interrogatives. Additionally, previous work indicates that—as has been reported with other Salishan languages—there is no significant rise in fundamental frequency at the end of ʔayʔaǰuθəm interrogatives, though the mean vowel fundamental frequency is higher in interrogative than in declarative sentences. These findings are not unique to ʔayʔaǰuθəm, but they do contribute to growing evidence that a final rise in fundamental frequency in interrogative sentences is not universal. In the present study, we aim to address the limitations of our previous work by expanding on the amount of data used, incorporating methods for analyzing the entire fundamental frequency contour, and measuring the mean fundamental frequency of vowels from more balanced stimuli. Although we do not expect different results from the present study, it is our hope that the methodologies used will increase the validity of our findings on ʔayʔaǰuθəm interrogative intonation.

Актуализация главных членов предложения средствами стилистической инверсии в русском, чувашском и английском языках: сопоставительный анализ

The study aims to identify the ways of foregrounding the principal parts of the sentence (the subject and the predicate) by means of stylistic inversion in differently structured languages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in examining in a comparative manner the nation-specific techniques of the structural organisation of the expressive syntactic construction the purpose of which is to foreground the subject or the predicate. The paper describes the rules for constructing a stylistically neutral declarative sentence in each language under consideration, which directly affect the functioning of inversion. The work shows that in Chuvash and English, unlike Russian, the foregrounding of one sentence part can occur due to the inversion of another. Examples of the structural and grammatical organisation of inverted sentences in each language are given. As a result, it was determined that the stricter the word order in a sentence is, the more additional ways of having expressive influence on the addressee by means of stylistic inversion there are in a language. The ways of constructing inverted phrases specific to the Russian, Chuvash and English languages in order to foreground the principal parts of the sentence (the subject and the predicate) were identified.

Analysis of Types of English Sentences in English Folklore “Jack and the Beanstalk” from American Literature Website

The purpose of this research is to examine the types of English sentences based on function consisting of declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, exclamatory sentence, and imperative sentence found in the folklore “Jack and The Beanstalk”. The method in this research was descriptive qualitative with research source obtained from the American Literature website. The results of this research showed that in the folklore “Jack and The Beanstalk” there were four types of English sentences based on function. Type of sentence that appeared most frequently in the folklore “Jack and The Beanstalk” was declarative sentences (46 times), followed by the exclamatory sentences (13 times). Meanwhile, the types of sentences that appeared the least were interrogative sentences (2 times) and imperative sentences (2 times). Or in percentage form, as many as 73% of the sentences in the folkore “Jack and The Beanstalk” were declarative sentences, as many as 21% were exclamatory sentences, as many as 3% were an interrogative sentences, and as many as 3% were imperative sentences.

A Semiotic Analysis: Exploring the Verbal Signs Found in Fast Food Online Advertisement

The linguistic landscape has changed due to social media platforms which provide real-time interaction and high dynamism. Moreover, the emergence of new media has left a profound impact on the techniques adopted by businesses to maintain a relationship with customers through digital marketing. Online advertisement is a sort of on social media platforms. Every advertisement contains signs. The language cues used in fast food ads will be examined in this study. The two objectives of this study are to identify the verbal signs in fast food commercials and examine the importance of those verbal signs. A descriptive qualitative approach is used in this study which will utilise Leech's theory of meaning and Saussure's theory of semiotics for the data analysis. The study's findings indicate that language cues were presented in the selected fast-food advertisements. Declarative sentences are used as verbal cues. The results will contribute to the current knowledge in the area pertaining to social media advertisement and its significance.

PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA BAKU SHABIRA ALULA DALAM VIDEO TIKTOK SHABIRA ALULA DAN AYAH

With the rise of language development in the era of globalization, this research is expected to be useful for others by adding knowledge and insight and being able to teach good language to children, by teaching good language to children can influence the development of children's attitudes and character. This research focuses on the acquisition of standard language on Shabira Alula and Ayah's TikTok, namely in the acquisition of language in the fields of phonology, syntax, and semantics. This study aims to explain and describe language acquisition in the fields of phonology, syntax, and semantics in Shabira Alula. This study uses a qualitative descriptive design with data collection techniques using observation techniques and also note taking. The results of this study indicate that Shabira Alula has been able to pronounce standard words as a whole or only in the form of words, and has been able to pronounce vowel and consonant phonemes quite well, but Shabira Alula is not perfect in pronouncing phonemes [r]. In acquiring syntax, Shabira Alula has been able to obtain sentences from one-word, two-word and multi-word utterances. Apart from that, Shabira Alula's declarative, interrogative, imperative and interjection sentences have also been able to do this, although there are still many advantages and disadvantages in the perfection of her pronunciation. In semantic acquisition, Shabira Alula has been able to determine the context of the conversation so that the resulting response does not deviate from the conversation.

MAKNA IMPERATIF KALIMAT DEKLARATIF DAN INTEROGATIF PADA TEKS TERJEMAHAN AL QUR’AN SURAH AL-BAQARAH

Imperative Meanings of Declarative and Interrogative Sentences in Translation Texts of the Qur'an Surah Al-Baqarah. This study aims to describe the imperative meaning in declarative and interrogative sentences contained in the translation text of the Al-Qur'an surah Al Baqarah. This type of research is descriptive and qualitative. The object of research is the imperative meaning in declarative and interrogative sentences contained in the translation text of the Al-Qur'an surah Al Baqarah. The data collection technique in this study is observation and note taking. The results of this study show that there are 10 translation texts in Al Quran Surah Al Baqarah that include imperative meanings in declarative sentences, and there are 3 translation texts that include imperative meanings in interrogative sentences. The conclusions obtained in this study are imperative meanings in declarative sentences found in the translation text of the Al Quran surah Al Baqarah. Researchers managed to find imperative meanings of prohibitions, orders, recommendations, and permissions. As for the imperative meaning in interrogative sentences contained in the translation text of the Al Quran surah Al Baqarah, namely the imperative meaning of orders, commands, and prohibitions.

REPRESENTASI BENTUK KALIMAT PADA TUTURAN ANAK USIA 4 TAHUN

Sentence Form Representation in Speech of 4-Year-Old. Children This research aims to describe interrogative, declarative, and imperative sentence forms in 4 year-old children using descriptive research. The subject in this study was a 4-year-old boy named Ahmad Fauzan, called Fauzan. Fauzan was born in Bila Village, Amali District, Bone Regency. The method of data collection is done by recording, observing, and taking notes. The data analysis stage in this study went through three stages: (1) reduction, (2) presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions. The results of his research found 2 interrogative sentences, 5 declarative sentences, and 4 imperative sentences.

The realization of interpersonal meanings in cosmetic Maybelline New York in 2018 advertisements

Background: Interpersonal meaning is the interaction between the speaker and the listener and the writer and the reader. This study aims to determine the structure of mood and how the structure of mood is found. The purposes of this study are (1) to be more sensitive to the mood structure shown in Maybelline New York cosmetic advertisement. (2) to investigate the reason of why interrogative sentences are more difficult to find than declarative sentences. Through this research, we can see the types of mood structures, and how these mood structures are used. Methods: The type of research approach used is descriptive qualitative. Research in this case describes systematically, factually and accurately facts and causal relationships of the phenomena studied. The sources of data in this study are eight cosmetic Maybelline New York products, namely the Maybelline gel pencil, L’oreal colour riche nail, Maybelline mascara and eyeliner, Maybelline creamy lipmatte and Maybelline eyeshadow, Maybelline eyeliner, Maybelline lipstick, and Maybelline clear smooth all in one. Results: In analyzing the data, the researcher of the 2014 Halliday theory revised by Mathiesse found that there are three types of manifested mood, four types of realized speech function, and mood-based realization of speech function. The moods manifested were declarative (48.64%), interrogative (5.40%) and imperative (45.94%). Speech functions that are realized are statements (48.64%), questions (5.40%), offers (18.91%) and command (24.32%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that declarative sentences are mostly found in Maybelline New York products. Researchers suggest that readers be more careful in using mood structures in cosmetic advertisements so that there are no misunderstandings.

Stylistic Analysis of Bach’s Speech at the Opening Ceremony of Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022

This paper uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the speech of Thomas Bach, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), at the opening ceremony of Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022 in three aspects: vocabulary, syntax, and rhetorical devices. By calculating word frequency and sentence length according to the tape script of this speech, the result shows that the language is inspiring with many short and simple sentences. Bach is good at using declarative and exclamatory sentences, flexible use of personal pronouns and rhetorical devices, and his language is vivid and imaginative, which can inspire athletes and people around the world to face challenges in a new year. Through discourse analysis, we can better understand the spirit and meaning conveyed by speeches at international gatherings.

The Analysis of Linguistics Features of Ecovacs Vacuum Robot Deebot Ozmo 920 Manual Book: A Procedure Text

Manual book is a guidebook made to convey information related to the product purchased by consumers. This information is usually detailed regarding warranty information, safety instructions, installation instructions, problem identification, setup instructions, general specifications about the product and maintenance and troubleshooting instructions. The objective of this qualitative research was to analyze schematic structure in a procedure text of Ecovacs Vacuum Robot Deebot Ozmo 920 manual book, especially in Important safety instruction text. There are 44 utterances in text of Important Safety Instruction that are picked up randomly as some samples of analysis. Before they are analyzed, the utterances were grouped with the same linguistics categories, those are simple present tense, imperative sentence, declarative sentence, conjunction, and material process. In material process, there are two categories to discuss, they are passive voice and active voice. Then using schematic structure form, the data were analyzed one by one. The findings of this study show that the language used in Important safety instruction text in manual book is concise, as evidenced by the low percentage of conjunctions (4%). Another is the language used in the text of the Important safety instruction text is effective and direct, as shown by the high percentages of declarative (20%) and imperative sentences (27%), this reduces the possibility of misunderstandings or misinterpretations moreover, the pattern makes the information being conveyed directly easy to understand. Moreover, the study only discusses linguistic features to explain how to describe the use of language in a straightforward procedural tex

The Use of Sentence Types in Positive Beauty Campaign YouTube Advertisements

Beauty products use social media to advertise their products to get people to know them. To attract the audience, the advertisers need to reflect the sentence types as well as the titles as the marketing approach. Understanding the sentence types essential for the company to reach the targeted market. This research studied the sentence types of positive beauty campaign YouTube advertisements. The data collecting technique is through document review by using converted spoken utterances from the positive beauty campaign YouTube advertisement videos. The encrypted videos are from Pantene Pro-V It’s time we see grey hair differently #PowerOfGrey, NEW Rare Beauty by Selena Gomez, Unilever Positive Beauty, and Dove Beauty on your own term #MyBeautyMySay. The results showed that declarative sentences are the most widely used in advertisements. Through declarative sentences, the advertisers persuade the audience to have a look at the message of the positive beauty campaign. Also, the purpose of a positive beauty campaign is to spread and embrace a positive awareness of beauty, therefore the role of the sentence type is significant to support the message of the advertisement.

ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI PADA FILM IMPERFECT KARYA ERNEST PRAKASA DAN MEIRA ANASTASIA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN AJAR TEKS DRAMA SMA KELAS XI

This research aims to analyze the illocutionary speech acts in the imperfect film; determine the speech acts contained in the imperfect film and associated with the form and function of illocutionary speech acts, namely assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative; describe the form of Learner Worksheet (LKPD) that utilizes the results of the research. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The writer analyzes the form of illocutionary speech acts in imperfect film and finds 101 utterances. However, there are 12 utterances that have two illocutionary speech acts so there are 113 data including 34 assertive sentences, 26 directive sentences, 41 expressive sentences, 3 commissive sentences, and 9 declarative sentences. Data on the function of illocutionary speech acts found 36 data which is the function of illocutionary speech acts, including 19 competitive functions, 8 convival functions, 8 collaborative functions, and 1 conflictive function. This indicates that the imperfect film is appropriate and fulfills all the functions of illocutionary speech acts. The analysis shows that there are many forms of illocutionary speech acts in the movie, especially in expressive sentences and the most speech act functions are competitive functions. The author utilizes the research results as teaching materials for drama texts of grade XI. The results of the analysis used as teaching modules and LKPD are valid with a score of 96 from the first validator and 92 from the second validator, so it is feasible to be used as teaching materials in Indonesian language learning for grade XI high school students.

Contrastive Analysis of Indonesian and English Declarative Sentences in News Article “6 Fakta Baru Kecelakaan Maut Cibubur Hingga Sopir-Kernet Truk Tersangka” on Detiknews Website

This research aims at contrasting two languages, including Indonesian as the source language (SL) and English as the target language (TL). This research data was taken from the news article “6 Fakta Baru Kecelakaan Maut Cibubur Hingga Sopir-Kernet Truk Tersangka” on detikNews website. The researchers used the qualitative method with textual analysis from books, journals and news as the data collection technique in this research. Based on the research result, the researchers found 29 declarative sentences from the news article. According to the text source, there are five similar patterns in Indonesian and English, including SP, SC, SPO, SPC and SPOC. And there are distinct patterns in Indonesian and English, setting them apart. Indonesian exhibits the SPOO and SCPC patterns, which are not found in English. Conversely, English showcases the SPSPC, SPOPC, and SPOCPC patterns not found in Indonesian. Additionally, these patterns are accompanied by varying phrases in each language.

Speech Acts In The Students’ English Textbook For Junior High School

The current research objective was to analyse the ninth grade students’ textbook in the Junior High School publishes by the Indonesia Ministry of National Education based on the 2013 Curriculum. The research problems were focused on the speech acts’ social functions, linguistic features, and language elements. The research was designed in a qualitative approach. Data were analysed descriptively by classifying the speech acts’ social functions, linguistic features, and language elements. The research findings were, firstly, the speech acts’ social functions were stating, describing, explaining, ordering, asking, advising, praying, requesting, complimenting, thanking, boasting, congratulating, apologizing, welcoming, condoling, refusing, offering, guaranteeing, and promising acts. Secondly, the speech acts’ linguistic features designed were imperative, interrogative, and declarative sentences. Thirdly, the speech acts’ language elements used were simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense, and simple future tense.

ANALISIS STILISTIKA TERHADAP DIKSI BERORIENTASI MORAL PADA NOVEL SARASWATI SI GADIS DALAM SUNYI KARYA A. A NAVIS SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN AJAR BERMUATAN PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA

This research aims to find stylistic aspects and moral-oriented diction contained in the novel Saraswati Si Gadis Dalam Sunyi by A. A Navis, by analyzing and utilizing the results of the analysis as an alternative to the preparation of teaching materials for class XII SMA students. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. Descriptive qualitative research is research that puts forward interpretations in descriptive form. According to Sugiono (2011, pp. 8-9) in qualitative research the researcher acts as a key instrument and data collection techniques in this research are triangulated, the data analysis is inductive, and the research results emphasize the interpretation of generalizations. The data sources in this analysis are the novel Saraswati Si Gadis Dalam Sunyi by A. A Navis and several research support books. The results of the analysis of the novel related to stylistic aspects are as follows, 41 data on grammatical stylistic aspects of declarative sentence types, 14 data on figurative language of metaphor, 4 data on simile, 7 data on personification and 1 data on symbolism. In moral aspects, there are 3 data of moral aspects in the life of man and God, 41 data of moral aspects in life between man and man, and 20 data of moral aspects in life between man and his conscience. In diction, there are 14 data of connotative moral-oriented diction and 53 data of denotative moral-oriented diction. Then, the results of the analysis can be used as an alternative reference for teaching materials in learning Indonesian Language class XII in SMA.

An Overview of Contrastive Analysis of Intonation and Structural-Semantic Characteristics of Disjunctive (Tag Questions) and Alternative Questions in English and Armenian

Key words: communication, interrogative sentences, intonation pattern, question-word, literary speech, colloquial speech, limited choice, comparative analysis In all languages intonation serves for the external colouring of speech because it is mainly by means of intonation we realize the character of the utterance, i. e, whether the utterance is a question or a declarative sentence (narrative). Moreover, by means of intonation we can express joy, surprise, displeasure or even irritation and anger. During the process of foreign speech-perception (even in case of good knowledge of language), finer shades of meaning uttered with unfamiliar intonation means are lost on the listener. The significance of complete oral speech-meaning presupposes the combination of corresponding proper grammar and lexical structures. Two aspects should be distinguished in intonation. The first aspect can be called communicative, as through intonation we express complete and non-complete statements, find out whether the uttered statements contain questions or responses and so forth. The second aspect can be called emotional, as intonation contains certain emotional colouring which expresses the emotional state of the speaker, sometimes the speaker’s intention ( not always fully perceived by him) to influence the imagination and the feelings of the listener. The present research article provides overview of comparative analysis of intonation and structural-semantic characteristics of Disjunctive and Alternative questions in English and Armenian. The contrastive analysis of the intonation and structural-semantic characteristics of the above mentioned questions in English and Armenian, first of all, presupposes the corresponding choice of communicative types of speech which on their turn determine the choice of the similar speaking (speech) situations. As a result of the analysis of the intonation and structural-semantic characteristics of Disjunctive and Alternative questions in English and Armenian, certain basic similarities and divergences are revealed in contrasted languages.

Psychological Discursiveness in Language Use of Imran Khan's Speech on National Issues

The aim of the present study is to understand psychological discursiveness in the speech delivered by former Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan on national issues. In this study, cognitive (schematic) and linguistic analysis are hybridized at lexical, syntactic and pragmatical levels to find out the results. The study is mixed in its nature and there have been utilized Atomistic Morphological Analysis Method, Syntactic Analysis (Jegede, 2020) and Cognitive Pragmatic Communication Theory (Sperber & Wilson, 2004). Frequent use of first-person pronouns, declarative sentences and other utterings denotes that the speaker is intended to keep the speech relevant to the aspects like power, hegemony and ideology. Furthermore, cognitive linguistic analysis reveals that the speaker is determined to present his agenda as positive ourselves and negative other-selves for the promotion of his own hegemonic agenda which is wrapped in the ideology.

Analysis of Types of Sentences Based on Forms and Meanings in the Short Story Rembulan in the Eyes of Mother by Asma Nadia

A literary work does not only consist of one sentence, but there are many types of sentences that can be analyzed. Therefore, the researcher is interested in bringing up a literary work in the form of the short story "Remoon in the Eyes of Mother" by Asma Nadia, which contains several sentences that really support the research topic. This study aims to analyze the types of sentences based on form and meaning in Asma Nadia's short story "Remoon in Mother's Eyes". The research method used is a qualitative research method. The research data was obtained directly from the quotations contained in the short story "The Moon in the Eyes of the Mother" by Asma Nadia. The researcher took excerpts from short stories according to the things that will be discussed in this study, namely regarding the types of sentences. The types of sentences that will be discussed in this study are types of sentences based on form and meaning. Based on the form consists of 2 types, namely single sentences and compound sentences. Meanwhile, based on meaning, there are 3 types, namely declarative sentences, questions (interrogative), and commands (imperative). Through this research, it is hoped that readers can gain insight into knowledge about the types of sentences based on the forms and meanings contained in the short story "Rembulan di Mata Ibu" by Asma Nadia.

A THEME ANALYSIS OF PARATACTIC AND HYPOTACTIC CLAUSE COMPLEXES ON LUKE CHAPTER 17 OF THE ENGLISH STANDARD VERSION BIBLE IN THE ESV.org

This study aimed to analyze the textual function of the theme types in Luke Chapter 17 of the English Standard Version bible texts on the ESV.org website. The data of this study were English Standard Version (ESV) clauses consisting of 56 clauses from 5 subtopics of Luke Chapter 17, which were analyzed using the qualitative descriptive method because it explains the textual function of biblical texts. The data source for this research is the text of the 2016 edition of the English Standard Version (ESV) Bible on the online Bible site ESV.org. The Gospel of Luke, chapter 17, consists of five subtitles: (1) Temptation to Sin, (2) Increase Our Faith, (3) Unworthy Servants, (4) Jesus Cleanses Ten Lepers, and (5) The Coming of the Kingdom. The theory used in this study is Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics. The technical model approach for data analysis in this study is Eggins (2004) regarding (1) four types of themes; (2) theme analysis in declarative sentences; (3) theme analysis in declarative ellipses; (4) theme analysis in the WH interrogative; (5) analysis of themes in imperatives; (6) the theme in the paratactic clause complex; (7) the theme in the hypotactic clause complex; and (8) three types of additions. The results of this study are: 1) four types of themes, namely: (1) topical themes with as many as 46 items (62%), (2) interpersonal themes with as many as 6 items (8%), (3) textual themes. with 19 items (26%) and (4) dual themes with 3 items (4%); 2) topical themes (62%) are the dominant types of themes.

Disguised Imperatives in Korean

This paper examines a group of constructions in Korean that have recently emerged in specific registers. These constructions are truly intriguing pragmatically and syntactically, though they have not, to-date, received sufficient attention, nor serious linguistic analysis. Comparing these emergent constructions (e.g., yangchi ha-si-keyss-upni-ta ‘Rinse your mouth’) with their imperative counterparts (e.g., yanchi ha-si-e-yo), we show: (i) that they are declarative sentence addressed to the hearer; (ii) that they utilize a strategy of indirectness for the purpose of politeness (seemingly overriding Gricean maxims); (iii) that they are increasingly expanding into a wide range of registers used in service sectors; and (iv) that this emerging construction is now fully grammaticalized and is viewed as a fixed politeness expression for these registers irreplaceable by other politeness expressions. What this analysis implies is that a general pragmatic principle that round-about indirect expressions are considered more polite than direct ones, in some social situations and that this general principle is explicitly encoded in a linguistically identifiable form in languages like Korean.