Declarative Sentences Research Articles

Bycie – nie bycie, prawda – fałsz w koncepcji Arystotelesa

The basis of Aristotle’s arguments about truth and falsity is formulated syntactically according to the distinctions of ‘to be’ as the predicative affirmation - composition and, correspondingly, ‘not to be’ as negation – separation. As the nominal defining characteristic of falsity is contradic­tion, so of truth is non-contradiction. The expression of truth or falsity in the declarative sentence of affirmation or negation is a function of thinking as a human cognitive disposition under the semantic figures of categorical predication. In addition, we cite Aristotle’s more important texts on the true intellection of non-composites (indivisibles), the inves­tigation of truth and probability, the diagnosis of falsehood, the truthful­ness and lying. Finally, a mention of modern adaptations of Aristotle’s concept of truth.

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN KANDOUSHI OUTOU DALAM KOMIK NARUTO VOLUME I

Kandoushi outou is a kandoushi that expresses answers from others. If you do not understand kandoushi outou then it can cause problems, one of which is not understand what the intention of others, then one of the effects can cause miscommunication or the speaker's intentions are not conveyed to others. This research aims to describe the use and function of kandoushi outou in Naruto comics volume I. The type of this research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The data source of this study is Naruto comic volume I. In this study found 31 kandoushi data, namely 4 imperative sentence, 1 wish sentence, 4 Interrogative sentence and 22 Declarative sentence. The conclusion of this study is the things that affect outou kandoushi arise based on the context or situation of each of these conversations. This outou kandaoushi is not bound by the standard rules of language.

Lee, Wendy Anne. Failures of Feeling: Insensibility and the Novel.

Lee, Wendy Anne. <i>Failures of Feeling: Insensibility and the Novel</i>.

The Interpersonal Meanings of Words and Images in Ads: An Intersemiotic Complementary View

This study aims to find out the interpersonal meaning and the intersemiotic complementary in public service advertisement of selected violence against children prevention campaign. Employing Royce’s intersemiotic complementary framework (2001), it analyzed how the visual and verbal signs work together to create common messages sent to the public as viewers/readers. Based on the analysis, it is found out that the five aspects of visual features --visual contact, social distance, involvement, power relation, and modality—have worked together to construct the interpersonal meaning. The close up shot showing the detail of the bruises on the nose emphasizing a high modality; it represents a high naturality. The boy in bruises looks directly at viewers’ eyes, demanding a help from them. The equal frame on the picture tells the readers that the boy can be part of every one’s life. It may happen in any place and the readers are asked to do take an action. In terms of verbal features, the declarative sentences are used to inform the facts. It is to highlite the clear message in the image, saying that such a violence may be taken by a mother who inherits the boy’s nose—the one who actually loves him very much, but the situation has changed her a lot. Through the way the producers organize the verbal text the readers may take their action to stop the child abuse. Both visual and verbal modes are contributes to convey interpersonal meaning. The intersemiotic complementary in the advertisement is realized interpersonally through the meanings projected in both modes through the reinforcement of address.

Analisis Kalimat Dalam Siniar Spotify Merry Riana Periode Oktober-November 2019

The topic of this article is "Sentence analysis in Merry Riana's Spotify broadcast for the period October-November 2019". As the background of this study is that, in the 41 broadcast episodes chosen, Merry uses modern Indonesian, making it easier for the researchers to review when this analysis is carried out. Second, research on Merry Riana's spotify siniar with sentense structure has never been done. Third, this study may be motivating and increasing researchers' insight. In this study, two research questions were raised, namely what types of sentences are contained in Merry Riana's spotify podcast and how is the structure of the sentence function filler in Merry Riana's spotify podcast. The purpose of this study is to find out the types of sentences contained in Merry Riana's spotify podcast and to find out how the structure of the filler function is. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive study which is presented in the form of data excerpts containing sentences and table of data percentage. In the data collection method, observation supported by listening technique followed by note-taking techniques were applied. The results of this research data analysis are presented in formal and informal methods. The results of this study obtained eight types of sentences, namely single sentences, compound sentences, declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, exclamative sentences, complete sentences, and incomplete sentences. In this study, it is also found 23 variations of syntactic functions consisting of seven variations of single sentences and 16 variations of compound sentences.

Konstruksi Kalimat pada Dialog Film Hafalan Shalat Delisa Karya Tere Liye

This research is entitled “Konstruksi Kalimat Pada Dialog Film Hafalan Shalat Delisa Karya Tere Liye”. This study aims to describe (a) the structure of the sentence and (b) what types of sentences are used in the dialogue. The data collection methods and techniques used are the note-taking method, data analysis methods and techniques using the agih method with basic techniques for direct elements, while the methods and techniques for presenting the results of data analysis are formal methods with descriptive techniques. The results of this study include the structure of sentences in the dialogue of the film Hafalan Shalat Delisa which is divided into two groups, namely the structure of single sentences and compound sentences. The single sentence structure consists of eight sentence patterns, namely (1) SP, (2) SPO, (3) SPK, (4) SP-Pel, (5) SPOK, (6) SPO-Pel, (7) PK, and (8) PO. In compound sentences there are five sentence patterns, namely (1) SP+SP, (2) SP+PO, (3) SP+PK, (4) Konj+SPO+KSP and (5) SPPel+SPO. The types of sentences in the film dialogue Hafalan Shalat Delisa are divided into three types, namely (a) types of sentences based on the number of clauses, namely single sentences, equivalent compound sentences, multilevel compound sentences and mixed compound sentences, (b) types of sentences based on syntactic classification in the form of declarative sentences, imperative sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences, and (c) types of sentences based on the completeness of their elements in the form of major sentences and minor sentences.&#x0D;

The interrogative intonation in the Kunigami dialect of Okinoerabu, Ryukyu

AbstractCross-linguistically, intonation patterns for yes/no questions rise in many languages. However, there are multiple reports of interrogative sentences with falling intonation in Japanese dialects. It is said that five types of interrogative intonation exist in Japanese dialects: rising, where the end of the sentence always rises; falling 1, where the end of the sentence always falls; falling 2, where the interrogative appears morphologically in the sentence, and the sentence falls; complement, where tone in the sentence falls if the interrogative morphologically appears and rises if it does not; and gradual rise, where the tone gradually rises until the end of the sentence. However, the Kunigami dialect does not adhere to these patterns. In Kunigami yes/no questions, the tone falls if an interrogative morphologically appears but reveals a distinctive intonation from a declarative sentence if it does not. Therefore, in the case of Kunigami, the interrogative intonation typology should not be reconstructed on the basis of absolute rise or fall but on the basis of contrast with a declarative sentence.

EXPRESSION OF INDUCEMENT IN KOREAN AND BULGARIAN

This article attempts to present some means of expressing inducement in Korean and Bulgarian and to suggest some features discovered in the translation corpus, composed of five original Korean novels and their translations in Bulgarian. Unlike imperative mood, which is a grammatically concretized notion of deontic modality, inducement is a complex unity formed by various elements such as morphological, syntactic and lexical elements. Therefore, it can be realized both directly and indirectly through the means, which express / do not express inducement in its own form. As for the direct way, Bulgarian has a synthetic and an analytic form. Korean has only a synthetic form, but it has six imperative endings, differing in terms of formality and politeness. Regarding the indirect way, some means like interrogative sentences with the verb in indicative mood and declarative sentences with modal verb are actively used in both languages, while others are used only in Bulgarian. For example, the use of a declarative sentence with a future tense verb in the indicative mood for the purpose of expressing inducement is clearly confirmed in Bulgarian, but in Korean this kind of sentence does not perform the same function at all. From the studied translation materials five main asymmetric features have been found – in the person of the addressee, the voice of the sentence, the way of expressing the inducement, the sentence structure and the way of strengthening the persistence.

Some Questions Regarding the Properties of the Declarative Mapping Sentence

The declarative mapping sentence is both a research methodology within qualitative social science and humanities research, and a way of thinking about such scholarship. In essence, declarative mapping sentences are hypothesised statements of an area

ЗА ЕДНА ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ В СЛОВОРЕДА В ЧАСТНИТЕ ВЪПРОСИ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК / ON A TENDENCY IN THE WORD ORDER OF CONTENT QUESTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY BULGARIAN

The word order in content questions in Bulgarian is largely determined by the information structure of the sentence, whereby the wh-word most commonly assumes the position immediately preceding the verb and the subject is located after the verb. In recent years the author believes to have observed a growth in the frequency of content questions in which the subject precedes the verb, as is usual in declarative sentences. If this is the case, it may be due to the waxing influence of English, where an auxiliary verb usually precedes the subject in content questions (inversion), but the main verb retains its place after the subject. A study was conducted on a provisional corpus of 138 thousand content questions beginning with an initial adverbial wh-word защо ‘why’, как ‘how’, кога ‘when’ (докога ‘until when’, откога ‘since when’) or къде ‘where’ (докъде ‘up to where’, закъде ‘due where’, накъде ‘whither’, откъде ‘whence’) extracted from original Bulgarian as well as translated texts, mostly fiction. The material shows a tangible correlation between the source language of the translated texts and the frequency of inversion in content questions: it is most common in translations from Romanian and much rarer in translations from Turkish, with the original Bulgarian texts occupying a middle position. In the translations from English, which prevail in the corpus in terms of number, the frequency of questions without inversion increases over time. This supports the hypothesis about the influence of English on Bulgarian with respect to the word order in content ques-tions. Keywords: Bulgarian, interrogative sentences, word order

Variability in sentence comprehension in aphasia in German

An important aspect of aphasia is the observation of behavioral variability between and within individual participants. Our study addresses variability in sentence comprehension in German, by testing 21 individuals with aphasia and a control group and involving (a) several constructions (declarative sentences, relative clauses and control structures with an overt pronoun or PRO), (b) three response tasks (object manipulation, sentence-picture matching with/without self-paced listening), and (c) two test phases (to investigate test–retest performance). With this systematic, large-scale study we gained insights into variability in sentence comprehension. We found that the size of syntactic effects varied both in aphasia and in control participants. Whereas variability in control participants led to systematic changes, variability in individuals with aphasia was unsystematic across test phases or response tasks. The persistent occurrence of canonicity and interference effects across response tasks and test phases, however, shows that the performance is systematically influenced by syntactic complexity.

Communicating in contextual ignorance

When A utters a declarative sentence in a context to B, typically A can mean a proposition by the sentence, the sentence in context literally expresses a proposition (i.e. has a truth-condition), there are propositions A and B can agree the sentence literally expressed, and B can acquire knowledge from this testimonial exchange. In recent work on linguistic communication, each of these four platitudes has been challenged, and on the same basis: viz. on the ground that exactly which proposition the sentence expressed in context is not discernible given the information provided by the context. I argue that, even if this is true, there will be propositional parts of the proposition expressed by the sentence in context which can be identified and that, consequently, the partial understanding afforded by the existence of such identifiable parts undermines the soundness of the arguments against the platitudes.

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH: FUNCTIONAL SYNTAX APPROACH

Many approaches in syntax give a deeper chance to analyze the sentence beyond its formal structure even though those approaches focus on the issues of words category, function and role in a sentence construction. The approach of functional syntax emphasizes the sentence structure on the ‘role’ of each function in each category of words that construct the sentence. This paper analyzes simple sentence in English especially declarative sentence to describe the constituent units and the function structure of simple sentence with active voice. The analysis employs Morley’s Functional Syntax Approach to identify the function of each english active sentence element and describe the structure of a simple sentence in English. The results of analysis show that simple sentence can have a syntactic function structure ofS-P-O, S-P-C, or S-P-ACIRC with a functional role structure which is principally composed of semantic roles of the filler elements of each function in the form of participant-process-entity/thing; participant-process-quality or participant-process-feature/quality. The semantic role of the verbs in a sentence determine the elements of filler before and after the verb given in a sentence.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Functional syntax, verbs, semantic role, syntactic function.&#x0D;

Corpus-Based Research of Simple Non-Inverted Pronominal Interrogative Constructions in English

The research featured nuclear models of pronominal interrogative sentences with direct word order in the English language. The use of non-inverted interrogative structures depends on the analytical character of English. The partial subjectpredicate inversion is the main means of interrogativity. However, interrogative sentences with direct word order are quite common in colloquial English. The violation of the inverted word order reflects the phenomenon of language economy and can be explained by expressive and stylistic tasks. Although violation of word order in declarative sentences is a popular research topic, the subject-predicate inversions in interrogative sentences remain largely understudied in domestic and foreign linguistics. The research involved a modified corpus analysis. Based on the Corpus of Contemporary American English, the author established the frequency of pronominal interrogative structures with direct word order, analyzed their grammatical features, and defined the most popular genres, which appeared to be the discourse of television and cinema. The obtained results make it possible to develop a formal classification of non-inverted pronominal and non-pronominal constructions.

Структура вопросительного предложения с именным подлежащим во французском языке в диахронном аспекте

The article is focused on the study of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in the French language in terms of structural criteria in a diachronic aspect. The purpose of this study is to reveal the features of the so-called complex inversion in interrogative sentences. Special attention is paid to terminological problems. Pronominal reprise is recognized by the authors as the most correct term for an interrogative construction with a nominal subject duplicated by a personal pronoun. The lack of uniformity in terminology indicates a multidimensional nature of the inversion phenomenon in the French language. For instance, in addition to interrogative sentences, it can be used in other contexts: in simple declarative sentences after certain adverbs, in subordinate clauses after some conjunctions, in exclamatory sentences, etc. The authors highlight and describe the characteristic features of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in terms of diachrony. Pronominal reprise appears in interrogative constructions as early as in the 16th century, mainly in general questions, subsequently extending to special questions. In the 16th – 17th centuries, the subject did not regularly precede the verb; the same applied to interrogative words, which could be placed both to the left and to the right of the subject. In sentences with a nominal subject, reprise was not the only possible structural option. The following were also used: direct word order, construction question word + est-ce que, and simple inversion. The authors come to the conclusion that pronominal reprise had finally replaced simple inversion of the nominal subject in general questions in French by the end of the 17th century.

Analysis of Voice Cues in Recognition of Sarcasm

Background: The voice recognition system is about cognizing the signals, by feature extraction and identification of related parameters. The entire process is referred to as voice analytics. Objective: The paper aims at analyzing and synthesizing the phonetics of voice. The work focuses on the facts of voice analytics i.e. basic blocks of ‘Glottal signature’. The glottal signature and unique voice cues are evaluated to derive the relationship for utterance of emotional words which leads to sentimental expression cues. An effort is made to map further to understand sarcasm behavior in the sounds made by human speech. Methods: The basic blocks of unique features identified in the work are Intensity, Pitch, Formants related to speak, read, interactive and declarative sentences solely on voice cues not on linguistic theory. It is also tested to identify derived features that maps to fine-grained details of voice cues to drill up usage in sarcasm detection. Results: Different unique features identified in the work are, intensity, pitch, formants related to read, speak, interactive and declarative sentences and derived parameters. Conclusion: The work carried out in the paper also supports the analysis of voice segmentation labelling, analyzes the unique features of voice cues, understanding physics of voice, the process is further carried out to recognize sarcasm.

AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE STUDENT’S TEXTBOOK AT THE SENIOR VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

The current research objectives were to analyse the eleventh grade students’ textbook in the Senior Vocational High School publishes by the Indonesian Ministry of National Education based on the 2013 Curriculum. The research problems were focused on the speech acts’ social functions, linguistic features, and language elements. The research was designed in a qualitative approach. Data were collected through document analysis method. Data were analysed descriptively by classifying the speech acts’ social functions, linguistic features, and language elements. The research was delimited on the verbal acts or speech acts, focusing on their social functions, linguistic structures, and language features as outlined in the 2013 Curriculum (Kemdikbud 2016). The three verbal learning focus assisted students in improving their communicative competence in English. The research findings are, firstly, there were four speech act types found, namely directive, assertive, expressive, and commissive acts. The speech acts’ social functions were ordering, asking, telling, advising, praying, stating, explaining, welcoming, thanking, apologizing, offering and refusing. Secondly, the speech acts’ linguistic features designed were imperative, interrogative, and declarative sentences. Thirdly, the speech acts’ language elements specifically grammatical rules used were simple present tense, simple past tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and past continuous tense.

Writing Errors in Changing the English Direct Simple Past Declarative Sentences into Indirect Speech Past Perfect Form: A Case Study on Management Level students in Colombo Campus of SLITHM

Writing Errors in Changing the English Direct Simple Past Declarative Sentences into Indirect Speech Past Perfect Form: A Case Study on Management Level students in Colombo Campus of SLITHM

Fungsi, Peran, dan Kategori Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia dalam kalimat Berita dan Kalimat Seruan pada Naskah Pidato Bung Karno 17 Agustus 1945

The manuscript of Bung Karno's speech on August 17, 1945 is an example of the use of Indonesian in official documents and state speeches so that the sentences in them are good to analyze. There are many syntactic symptoms found in it that are interesting to study, including the structure of descriptive sentences and imperative sentences which can be analyzed based on the functions, roles, and syntactic categories of Indonesian. This research consists of two problems, namely (1) regarding the functions, roles, and syntactic categories of news sentences in Bung Karno's speech on August 17, 1945, (2) regarding the functions, roles, and syntactic categories of exclamatory sentences in Bung Karno's speeches on August 17, 1945. This study aims to describe the types of functions, roles, and syntactic categories of news sentences and exclamations of Bung Karno's speech on August 17, 1945. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection was carried out using the note-taking technique and data analysis using content analysis techniques. The results of this study found that syntactic functions include subject, predicate, object, description, and complement; the roles that are found are as actors, tools, and experiences occupying the function of the subject; and categories include pronouns, nouns, transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, adverbial phrases, verbal phrases, nominal phrases, prepositional phrases, adjective phrases, and numeral phrases. From this research, it can be seen that one sentence can contain more than one type of function, role, and syntactic category. This research is expected to show the functions, roles, and syntactic categories in declarative and imperative sentences in Bung Karno's speech on August 17, 1945, which is the speech of the proclamation of Indonesian independence.

Thematic and Informational Structure in English Journalistic Discourse

Theme is the point of departure of a clause. The organization of sentence has two parts theme and rheme. The theme typically contains familiar known or given information , and frequently serves to present given information. Rheme is the rest of the message , so rheme contains new information. The present study investigates thematic and informational structure in journalistic discourse headline and text in nominalization , nominal group, and passivation. The journalistic discourse consists mainly of declarative sentences to avoid breaks. The word order of thematic element patterns and their organization occur according to the term of markedness , unmarked and marked themes. The sentence elements in thematic position attract the readers' attention as noted by Halliday (2014). The data of the study have been taken from varied English newspaper, magazine and journals. The models are Halliday's (1985,2014) functional grammar and Paltridge's thematic progressions ( Zig-Zag , Continuous reiteration , C gap , C type and multiple theme /split rheme).