Decision Level Research Articles

Inventory management and delivery of perishable products with stochastic demands and risks consideration

In the agri-food supply chain, the perishable nature of the commodities opens a series of challenges at all decision levels: strategical, tactical and operational. This paper presents an age-based model for the inventory-routing problem of perishable commodities with stochastic demands. To deal with this source of uncertainty, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) has been adopted as a risk measure, and then the model has been applied to the agri-food supply chain under investigation. The model is the core of a dynamic approach for the optimal distribution and inventory planning over a short-medium horizon. To address a problem as realistic as possible, we assume that the demand for products of each age is unknown and we model this uncertainty by means of random variables with a probability distribution that can be estimated from historical data. Computational experiments on test cases based on a real-life agri-food company located in Italy show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for evaluating different risk attitudes.

Modernization of the infrastructure of a river station of the north-south transport corridor using the simulation method

The paper presents the main fragments of the simulation model of a river port on the water section of the international transport corridor passing through the territory of the Russian Federation. The necessity of modernization and improvement of the infrastructure has been substantiated, the factors influencing the carrying capacity of the water corridor have been identified. A study of the river station in the city of Cheboksary in Republic of Chuvashia (Russia) was carried out and its main objects were presented. The rules for the interaction of the objects being the basis of the simulation model, have been established. The resulting model allows generating scenarios for predicting changes in the characteristics of a river station, ship schedules, assessing the quality of the implementation of processes and the level of managerial decision-making.

Assessing Entrepreneurial Performance of G7 Countries Under Context of Social Sustainable Development Goals: A Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach

Entrepreneurship is a multilevel concept that connects social, environmental, and economic aspects of sustainability for societal developments, entrepreneurial processes, and market transformations. Social sustainability covers various social aspects and concerns that modern societies should achieve to improve their social infrastructures. Entrepreneurship is one of the main pivots that can strongly affect achieving social sustainability goals. Therefore, considering the current efforts of countries to reach their optimum level of social sustainability and strategic decision-making for long-term goals requires evaluating the current entrepreneurial performance in the first step. In this article, we aim to develop a multicriteria evaluation model using Shannon's entropy and measurement of alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution to evaluate countries with the most influential entrepreneurial activities which contribute to socially sustainable development goals. As a case study, member countries of the Group of Seven (G7) are selected to assess their entrepreneurial performance using seven key indicators. These indicators are employees by business size, enterprises by business size, starting a business, women inventors, running a business, self-employed with employees, and young self-employed and are chosen for the analysis. The results show that Italy and the United States of America have been the pioneers in utilizing entrepreneurial activities to improve their social sustainability.

The Effect of the Duty-Oriented Leadership Style of the Coaches on the Level of Commitment and Ethical Decision-Making of the Players of the Iraqi National Athletics Team with the Mediating Role of Team Satisfaction

The Effect of the Duty-Oriented Leadership Style of the Coaches on the Level of Commitment and Ethical Decision-Making of the Players of the Iraqi National Athletics Team with the Mediating Role of Team Satisfaction

Approach for Linking System Architecture and Business Model based on the Example of Circular Value Propositions

Dynamic and volatile market environments influenced by sustainability and circularity are core topics impacting today’s value creation. They impact business on different levels, ranging from strategy and management to part and production design. In the common systems engineering RFLP-understanding they can be seen as additional requirements to be considered during product development and to be balanced with other requirements derived from stakeholders or regulation. Additionally, circular product design can offer new opportunities for design of business models and strategy on product or company level. This paper presents an approach for coupling of two levels of product related decision making utilizing the concepts of model-based systems engineering. The levels are (1) strategy and business-model related decisions, (2) product architecture including requirements. The presented approach can serve as a support for system architects and business model designers.

Career Decision Making Based On Gelatt's Theory Among Secondary School Students In The Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan

This research aims to assess the career decision making abilities of secondary school students in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ) during the academic year 2022/2023 AD. The sample comprises 470 high school students selected from various educational schools. Career decision making competence is assessed using the Gelatt model, developed by Alzaben and Abuased (2017). The researcher used a descriptive-analytical method to detect the participants' abilities in making career-related decisions. It was revealed that secondary school students in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan possess a notably high level of career decision making abilities. Furthermore, the results indicate that students in scientific education exhibit a superior aptitude for career decision making compared to their counterparts following the literary education stream.

Bank-Specific Decisions and Banks’ Provisioning Behaviour in Nigeria: The Role of IFRSs Adoption and Banks’ Riskiness

Goal: this study examines the relationship between bank loan loss provisioning behaviour and various bank-specific decisions on loan loss reporting. The evidence is derived from several cases of non-performing exposures of Nigerian deposit money banks. Metodology: to investigate the relationship between bank loan loss provisioning behaviour and various bank-specific decisions on loan loss reporting there was created the loan loss bank-specific decisions index (BDI) according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). The hypotheses are tested by using the estimates of panel corrected standard errors regression model. Findings:the results showed that discretionary adjustments to loan loss provisions (LLPV) are typical of Nigerian banks although the earnings manipulations imbedded in discretionary LLPVs (DLPV) are not factored in. However, during IFRS a reversal is evident suggesting bank-specific decisions prompting increased DLPV except for seemingly financially distressed banks. These findings also confirm the relationship between BDI components and provisioning behaviour in individual tests. The study also found out that the provisioning behaviour in Nigeria during global financial crisis was pro-cyclical (nonrational) while during the local economic recession of 2016–2017, it was counter-cyclical (rational). The latter, which happened during the IFRS period, was characterized by income smoothing while the former was addressed at the level of bank-specific decisions. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study contributes to the literature by testing a list of bank-specific factors engendering adjustments to loan loss decisions. It is unique in terms of the empirical reference to numerous bank-specific decisions as a single factor in accounting for loan losses. The paper also establishes the parochial success of institutional changes in the corporate Nigeria and offers useful suggestions for the way forward.

Robust minimum cost consensus modeling with consensus principle and tolerance level for group decision making

Robust minimum cost consensus modeling with consensus principle and tolerance level for group decision making

A Correlational Study between Critical Thinking Skills and Decision Making of the Senior High School Students

The study focused on critical thinking skills and its influence on the decision-making of senior high school students. The primary goal of the study was to determine the level of critical thinking skills and decision-making in terms of their perspective indicators, the significant relationship between critical thinking skills and decision-making, and what domains of critical thinking skills significantly influenced decision-making. Moreover, this study utilized a quantitative correlational design with 274 respondents among senior high school students in Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. National High School. Average Weighted Mean, Pearson-r, and Multiple Regression Analysis were the statistical tools used in the study. Along with this the results showed a high level of critical thinking skills among students in terms of systematic analysis, thinking within the box, and thinking outside the box. Likewise, the results showed a high level of decision-making in senior high school students in terms of vigilance, buck-passing, hypervigilance, and procrastination. In addition, there was a high correlation and a significant relationship between critical thinking skills and decision-making. Hence, this led to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Also, three domains of critical thinking skills showed moderate ratings as perceived by students. Hence, this led to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Also, all domains of critical thinking skills showed a high rating on decision-making as perceived by senior high school students. Thus, teachers may adopt strategies that enhance students’ Critical thinking skills by creating a supportive environment emphasizing systematic analysis, thinking within the box, thinking outside the box.

Designing the Operator of the Future: The Architecture of Human Digital Twin Systems

The central role that the human operator assumed in industrial design and development processes, driven by Industry 5.0 principles, has paved the way for the creation of new human-centric system architectures. This paper discusses the practical implications regarding the deployment of a Human Digital Twin-based system in the manufacturing environment. It provides a proof-of-concept of the architecture for the implementation of the twinning process, starting from the investigation of the most suitable hardware selection based on the desired outcomes to build up the human monitoring phase. We analyze three management decision-making levels to determine the scalability of the proposed architecture for strategical, technical, and operational managerial strategies. This research aims to propose some technological selection criteria, based on the main characteristics of the available technological acquisition devices, to determine the most suitable sensors for the creation of the physical twinning monitoring process.

A Novel Decision Level Class-Wise Ensemble Method in Deep Learning for Automatic Multi-Class Classification of HER2 Breast Cancer Hematoxylin-Eosin Images

A Novel Decision Level Class-Wise Ensemble Method in Deep Learning for Automatic Multi-Class Classification of HER2 Breast Cancer Hematoxylin-Eosin Images

Is It Appropriate to Adjust the Uric Acid Reference Interval?

This study aims to explore the observable distribution of serum uric acid levels in healthy adults residing in China's coastal areas and to assess the suitability of current reference intervals. The study incorporated 20,786 participants. The overall uric acid level displayed a skewed distribution, leading to the division of subjects into six groups based on gender and age. The analysis was conducted to comprehend the distribution of UA in various groups and seasons, establish and validate the reference intervals for the surface healthy population in this region, and analyze the abnormality rates using different reference intervals. Statistically significant differences were observed between the uric acid levels of males and females across all age groups (ALL p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were statistical differences in uric acid levels among different age groups for both genders (H = 69.593 and 326.348, all p < 0.001). The overall reference interval was determined as 238 - 488 µmol/L for males and 155 - 364 µmol/L for females, based on the 95% confidence interval (P2.5 - P97.5). The established reference intervals, grounded on gender and age group, were validated, showing statistically significant disparities in UA levels among groups. The abnormality rate in males decreased by 56.90% following the adjustment of the reference interval. The study revealed that UA levels at all ages exhibited varying degrees of "right shift". Additionally, the low-value population should not be overlooked in the clinical evaluation of UA test results. Setting a reasonable reference interval and clinical decision level is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Ensure the accuracy and consistency of biochemical analyzer test results: Chemometrics for instrument and inter-instrument item comparison in Chinese hospital laboratory

Biochemical analyzers are vital instruments that utilize the principle of photoelectric colorimetry to quantify a specific chemical composition in body fluids. This analysis provides critical data for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and overall health status of various diseases in clinical practice. However, the performance of a biochemical analyzer can vary significantly between different brands or over time within the same brand. Therefore, it is imperative to regularly assess the performance of the analyzer to ensure consistent results for longitudinal studies and to maintain day-to-day data consistency. Additionally, when multiple analyzers are utilized, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of each instrument to ensure accurate results across multiple platforms. In this study, we developed and verified an experimental evaluation scheme for the analytical performance of the instrument, chemometrics for biochemical analyzers, utilizing national reference materials and patient sera as the experimental subjects. We evaluated the performance of the optical system, temperature control system, sample-adding system, and detection system to confirm the feasibility of this scheme. We also compared the analytical performance of different brands of biochemical analyzers for routine biochemical tests, such as liver function, kidney function, ion, blood lipids, blood glucose, and myocardial enzyme spectrum. Using the AU 5400 as a control and the ADVIA 2400 as the comparison system, the relative variation in inter-instrument comparison data was found to be acceptable at the clinical medicine decision level. In conclusion, the performance of a biochemical analyzer can vary significantly between different brands or over time within the same brand. Regular evaluations are necessary to ensure accurate and consistent results across different analyzers. This study provides a feasible scheme for evaluating the analytical performance of biochemical analyzers that can be used to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the results of different brands of automatic chemical analyzers in the laboratory.

베트남 유학생의 진로결정 수준 향상을 위한 집단미술치료 사례 연구

The purpose of this study was to conduct a group art therapy program for 7 Vietnamese students at a 4-year university located in P City to determine the impact on the career decision-making level of the students. The research period was conducted once a week from March 8 to April 30, 2022, with a total of 8 sessions of 60 minutes each. Changes in career decision level were examined by measuring the career indecision factor scale test before and after program implementation. As a result of the study, the overall score on the career indecision factor scale improved by 12.3 points before and after. Looking at the changes in the level of career decision-making by stage, in the early stages of the program, participants complained of lack of self-understanding and concerns about career direction, but as they progressed through the middle and late stages, they began to explore the conditions of the job they wanted and recognized the achievement of their goals, and it was seen that their level of career decision-making improved. there was.

Considerations regarding Logistic Support for a European Union Battle Group

The requirements of the current security environment have significant effects not only in all social domains but also at all levels of decision-making. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges caused by the conflict in Ukraine, and the ongoing technological transformations compel the involved actors to identify measures to adapt to current situations and increase their level of resilience. The deadlines for the crisis responses and for the potential military conflicts reactions become vital factors in reducing costs, decreasing consumption, and saving human lives. As the primary actor in region, the European Union is re-evaluating its available tools in order to be capable to anticipate, deter, and provide a rapid response to current security threats and challenges. In this context, this article aims to analyse, from a logistical perspective, one of the military instruments of the European Union – the EU Battle Group. Even if it was conceptualized over two decades ago, it regained relevance in the new security context.

Changing Status of Women in Nepal

The study attempts to examine the trend in socio-demographic, economic and political situation of Nepalese women, and tries to explain the changes in these areas throughout time. It also tries to review the initiatives taken by the government to improve the lives women in Nepal. The study employs an exploratory and descriptive research design using the published data sheets from National Population Censuses and other National Surveys. The analysis found noticeable changes in all the social, demographic, economic and political areas in favor of women across the years. More than half of total population belongs to female (51%). With the socio-political transformations of the country, the role and status of women have also been dramatically changed in community and household and thinning the barrier to gender inequality. Over the last four decades (1991-2021), they have experienced significantly increased life expectancy (55.5 years - 72.7 years), reduced fertility (5-2.1children), and maternal mortality (575-151/000 live births) and raised the simulate mean age at marriage from 18 to 22 years. They have also significantly improved their educational attainment at all levels. A substantial proportion (52%) of Nepalese women are economically active. Female-headed households and fixed property owners have also been raised to 32 and 24 percent, respectively, which is a significant step toward enhancing women's status and bargaining power in society. After provision of the new Constitution, they experience remarkable progress in the political sphere and at the levels of decision-making. In addition to these achievements, the trend in the values of the GDI, GII, GEM, and HDI also confirms the significant improvements in their socioeconomic and political roles, and the gap in gender inequality between males and females has narrowed over time. These developments and achievements could be the outcome of government initiatives and women's struggles to secure their rights.

Considerații privind sprijinul logistic al structurilor militare de tip grup de luptă constituit la nivelul Uniunii Europene

The requirements of the current security environment have significant effects not only in all social domains but also at all levels of decision-making. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges caused by the conflict in Ukraine, and the ongoing technological transformations compel the involved actors to identify measures to adapt to current situations and increase their level of resilience. The deadlines for the crisis responses and for the potential military conflicts reactions become vital factors in reducing costs, decreasing consumption, and saving human lives. As the primary actor in region, the European Union is re-evaluating its available tools in order to be capable to anticipate, deter, and provide a rapid response to current security threats and challenges. In this context, this article aims to analyse, from a logistical perspective, one of the military instruments of the European Union – the EU Battle Group. Even if it was conceptualized over two decades ago, it regained relevance in the new security context.

Effects of Multidimensional Perfectionism and Career Preparation Behavior According to Gender of College Students on Career Decision Level

This study examines the impact of college students' multidimensional perfectionism on their career decision level through career preparation behavior. In particular, the purpose of this study was to identify the functions of college students' perfectionism tendencies, such as self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially imposed perfectionism, to determine what effect they have on career preparation behavior and career decision level. Based on previous research, career preparation behavior was selected as a mediating factor that affects the relationship between college students' multidimensional perfectionism tendency and career decision level to verify the research problem. The subjects of the study were 433 college students, and data were collected through an online survey. Basic analysis was performed using SPSS to confirm the relationship between variables, and mediation effects were verified using Process macro. Looking at the analysis results, first, based on the impact of multidimensional perfectionism on career preparation behavior, we confirmed that socially imposed perfectionism had a positive influence on male students, and self-oriented perfectionism had a positive effect on female students. When looking at the influence of multidimensional perfectionism on the level of career decision-making, we can see that self-oriented perfectionism had a positive influence and socially imposed perfectionism had a negative influence for both male and female students. Second, looking at the mediating effect of career preparation behavior between college students' multidimensional perfectionism tendency and career decision level, we confirmed that self-oriented perfectionism had a negative mediating effect only for male students, and other-oriented perfectionism was found to have a negative mediating effect only for male students as well. Also, this study confirmed that socially imposed perfectionism was effective, but that it had a positive mediating effect only for female students. Based on the results of this study, which showed that the multidimensional perfectionism tendencies (self-orientation, other-orientation, and social imposition) according to gender of college students have different effects on the level of career decision-making through career preparation behavior, implications and suggestions for follow-up research were discussed.

The Exclusion of Dalits in Local Governance

In order to guarantee citizen participation in the decision-making stages of governance, the federal system of governance in Nepal distributes state authorities across the national and sub-nation al levels. From an equity perspective, local governance becomes even more fundamental when oppressed and marginalized people participate in decision-making. Examining the degree of Dalit subordination in local government decision-making is the article’s goal. In addition to critically analyzing relevant material pertaining to the research issue, the researcher employed a narrative approach to gather lived experiences of Dalits in local politics. It was discovered that Dalits are silenced at the local government decision-making levels. The elites (thulabada) in the settlements effectively explain and capture the needs of local developments, but Dalits remain unheard. The elected elites conduct the executive and topic committee meetings and consultations. Dalit elected members continue to yield to decisions that are supported by non-Dalits. Dalits are positioned at the bottom of the caste system by the dominant ideology that has permeated the community. As a result, Dalits are purposefully ignored by society, socio culturally disintegrated, and weak in politics. Dalits’ views are excluded from local government decisions and resources since they are not represented in executive positions within the local government. The community is divided along caste lines by the deeply ingrained psychology of the caste system.

자아분화가 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study sought to test the moderated mediating effect by examining whether career decision-making level (CDM) plays a mediating role in the effect of self-differentiation on adjustment to college Life and whether career preparation behavior(CPB) plays a controlling role in the relationship between self-differentiation and CDM.&#x0D; Methods In order to do so, a questionnaire was distributed to male and female college students nationwide through an online survey company. A total of 351 questionnaires were analyzed and the collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 and Process Macro v4.1. First, we investigated whether CDM plays a mediating role in the relationship between college students' self-differentiation and adjustment to college Life. Next, we investigated whether CPB plays a moderating role among the three variables. Finally, the moderated mediating effect of CDM through CPB was tested.&#x0D; Results The results showed that self-differentiation, CDM, CPB, and adjustment to college Life were all positively correlated. However, the relationship between self-differentiation and CPB was not statistically significant. Self-differentiation was found to have a positive effect on adjustment to college Life through CDM, and the effect was significant even after controlling for the mediating variable. CPB was found to be a moderating factor in the relationship between self-differentiation and CDM. Finally, the interaction between self-differentiation and CPB was found to have a significant effect on CDM, and CDM was found to have a significant effect on adjustment to college Life.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on the results of this study, the implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are presented.&#x0D;