Government Decision Research Articles

Конституционное право и политический реализм: негативная теория свободы слова

Classic positive theories of freedom of speech explain enhanced constitutional defense of speech in terms of fundamental values served by expression (pursuit of truth, democratic governance or personal autonomy). Negative approach, which is the subject of this article, focuses not on the high social value of speech, but on the unique risks of its suppression. The dangers of repressive censorship mainly stem from personal interests of office-holders (legislators as well as law-enforcement officers) or from intolerance. Psychological reasons and the architecture of censorial decision-making turn speech into an especially fragile object of regulation. The idea underlying the constitutional status of freedom of speech is the distrust of government decision-making in speech regulation. Judicial review should pay close attention to the design of abridging laws and justifications provided for them. These laws should be worded clearly and should not allow for selective viewpoint censorship. The simplicity of negative approach and its political realism make it the most plausible theory for interpreting constitutional article on freedom of speech (expression).

Analisis Pelarangan Operasional Tiktok Shop Dalam Langkah Pengambilan Keputusan Melalui Perspektif Problem Tree Analysis

The controversial TikTok Shop case has become a hot topic of discussion lately. The violation committed by the TikTok company is combining online buying and selling platforms with social media platforms. Legally in Indonesia, this is considered illegal and has a negative impact on the sustainability of domestic MSMEs and causes various other problems. The government revised the old Permendag, namely No. 50 of 2020, which did not clearly emphasize the legal PMSE system in Indonesia, which also discussed the social commerce system. The issue of TikTok violating PMSE is an interesting thing to study regarding the relationship between the government's decision to issue a policy to stop TikTok Shop and its driving factors. Researchers use descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. Literature study and documentation are data collection techniques used in this study. The data analysis technique used is the Problem Tree Analysis approach. While the focus of his research is on PMSE violations by TikTok Companies in Indonesia. From this research, it was found that there is an unclear legal and regulatory umbrella from government regulations regarding PMSE itself. And there are also various consequences caused by TikTok Shop violations that have fatal consequences on the country's economy and domestic MSMEs. For this reason, legal clarity must be paid more attention to by the government so that when there is increasingly rapid technological development as well as increasingly complex systems do not create problems due to technology gaps.

The Development Path of Wenzhou's Integration of the Private Economy and Vocational Education Under the "Four Chain Drive" Model

Wenzhou City, one of the key areas in China for private economic development, has been actively pushing for the deep integration of the private sector and vocational education in recent years, seizing the chance presented by the "Ministry and Province Co-constructing" National Highland of Vocational Education Innovation pilot project. This study attempts to investigate the creative growth path by using the integration of the private business and vocational education in Wenzhou City as the research object and the "four-chain-driven" model as the theoretical foundation. This study determines the research status, issues, and influencing factors of the industry and education integration mode by methodically arranging the academic history and dynamics of related research both domestically and internationally. It also incorporates the chain theory into the relevant research on the evolution of the integration of industry and education, which offers the theoretical foundation for this investigation. Research on the current state of Wenzhou's integration of the private sector and vocational education, research on influencing factors, and research on the "four-chain-driven" model are all included in the study. In order to provide references for governmental decision-making, this study aims to thoroughly analyse the current state of affairs, issues, and potential mechanisms of the integration of the private economy and vocational education in Wenzhou from multiple dimensions through empirical investigation, statistical analysis, and case studies. In the end, this research seeks to create an innovative "four-chain-driven" model of industry-education integration and development that is in line with Wenzhou's real circumstances. It also offers theoretical direction and doable avenues for Wenzhou to achieve superior industry-education integration development.

Illicit crops and glyphosate: A potential risk to the Euglossini Community and biodiversity in Tumaco - Choco biogeographic ecoregion

In Tumaco (Nariño-Colombia), the increase in coca cultivation and proposals like the national government (period 2018-2022) to fumigate with glyphosate for its eradication pose a risk to the euglossine bees. The limited information available on this tribe in Nariño presents an opportunity to document and protect them. The Euglossini community was identified and characterized in Maragricola-Tumaco, southwestern Colombia, within the province of Chocó biogeographic. Insect capture was conducted using bottle traps and attractants. Thirty euglossine males from three genera were recorded, with Euglossa hansoni, Exaerete frontalis, and Eulaema meriana representing the orchid bee community in this zone. Considering the importance of bees in ecosystem maintenance and the potential threat they face in the Colombian Pacific region, this report serves as a starting point for monitoring their populations. Government decisions regarding the management and eradication of illicit crops must also prioritize the protection of biodiversity within Colombia's territory.

China’s urbanisation evolution and metropolitan area expansion, based on the Prolonged Artificial Nighttime-light Dataset (PANDA, 1984–2020)

ABSTRACT China’s massive urbanisation development will undoubtedly serve as a global reference. Due to the uncertainty of statistical data, nighttime light (NTL) data have emerged as alternative data for urbanisation evaluation. Here, the application of the Prolonged Artificial NTL Dataset of China (1984–2020) has been newly expanded. Total-value statistical, complex NTL index (CNLI), NTL concentration degree, rank-size rule, and Markov transfer matrix were used to systematically mine information about urban change from multiple perspectives. China’s urbanisation exhibited rapid growth and outwards expansion. The total percentage increase in NTL brightness and NTL area was 409.38% and 302.58%, respectively. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of East China had the fastest urbanisation (CNLI Trend = 0.0057/a, p < 0.01). Low NTL areas transitioned to medium NTL areas, and high and extremely-high NTL areas diffused to medium NTL areas. The cities in Eastern China and Southern China typically exhibited extremely-high type NTL areas, whereas other cities primarily exhibited medium NTL areas. The gaps between city sizes decreased over time (q Trend = – 0.0200/a, p < 0.01). Lowest-ranked cities exhibited the highest stability (>95%) in city size type transition. The spatiotemporal changes in NTL obtained were of great significance for monitoring urban expansion patterns, making government decisions, and quantifying China’s sustainable development.

What's representation got to do with it? Comparing public reactions to diversity among government employees and government contractors

The literature on representative bureaucracy is largely focused on government agencies and little attention has been paid to representation within private sector contractors providing services on behalf of government. A survey experiment, administered on a nationally representative panel collected by YouGov, is used to assess whether the public evaluates the distributive justice of government programs differently if the programs are implemented by either contractors or government officials, and whether this changes when the public is provided information on the diversity of those actors. We find that perceptions of distributive justice are no different with government or contractor delivery, nor do they change in response to diversity information. The findings imply that perceptions of distributive justice may only vary between contractors and government, and in response to diversity information, when the public are presented with information about program failure or obvious inequities. Points for practitioners Nationally representative survey data indicates that the general public may be more concerned with program failure rather than the demographic composition of the organization that delivers the service. When performance is the same between government and private contractors, the public views the program outcomes as equally fair. Diversity, on its own, is not enough to enhance the public's assessment of government decisions. When engaging with different communities, managers should remember that perceptions of government may be informed by assumptions about who may benefit from government programs and racial stereotypes.

Optimal decisions of elderly care service supply chain with government intervention

Government intervention plays an indispensable role in the development of the elderly care service supply chain (ECSSC). However, no research has focused on the optimal decision-making of the ECSSC considering government intervention under different channel power structures. This study establishes a three-stage ECSSC model, including the government sector, elderly care service provider and elderly care service integrator, while considering different government intervention measures and channel power structures. The service-level elasticity coefficient is defined as an uncertain variable, that can affect service demand and ESI service costs. This study explores the optimal decisions and market performance of the government and ECSSC under different channel power structures and government intervention, providing guidance for the ECSSC development and government decision-making. The results show that, first, government intervention is beneficial for the ECSSC, customers, and social welfare. Compared with the subsidy and service-level regulation scenario, only the former is beneficial for the supply chain, social welfare, and unit customer expenditure, but at the cost of lower service level and higher government expenditure. Second, different channel power structures do not affect service level, social welfare, and unit customer expenditure. However, the ESI-dominated structure favors ECSSC development. Third, the setting of the reward-penalty factor should not be too high, as, in this case, supply chain members, customers, and social welfare will benefit from the increased expected value of service level elasticity. At last, managerial insights are presented.

Examining the application of the IDEAL framework in the reporting and evaluation of innovative invasive procedures: secondary qualitative analysis of a systematic review

ObjectivesThe development of new surgical procedures is fundamental to advancing patient care. The Idea, Developments, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term (IDEAL) framework describes study designs for stages of innovation. It can...

Ключевые изменения в структуре заработной платы и порядке осуществления специальных социальных выплат.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences of government decisions on remuneration and implementation of special social benefits. The key provisions of the new regulatory legal acts in this area are considered. An assessment of the upcoming changes in the wage system is given, in terms of the possible impact on the stimulating qualities of the wage system. Recommendations have been developed on possible options for actions by public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and state (municipal) institutions in order to achieve the established share of salaries in the amount of 50% of the total salary. The impact of the changes under consideration on the preparation of the transition to a new wage system in healthcare is assessed.

Антироссийские санкции: история и современность

Introduction. The article examines the historical retrospective and the modern application of sanctions by Western countries as political and economic pressure on Russia to achieve geopolitical goals. A historical analysis of the content of the sanctions pressure on our country from unfriendly states will not only reveal its essence and main goals but also help in developing methods to overcome or mitigate the negative effects of sanctions on the economy and socio-political sphere. Methods and materials. The sources of this article are official government documents, published statistical materials, scientific research by domestic and foreign researchers, including works of the modern period, as well as official government decisions of the United States and the European Union on anti-Russian sanctions. The authors consider the consequences of sanctions for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Analysis. As a result of the study, the sanctions imposed by Western countries against our country in various historical periods were analyzed. Special attention is paid in the article to the consideration of the goals and content of the large-scale Western sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation at the present stage, especially after the start of a special military operation in Ukraine. Results. The analysis showed that anti-Russian sanctions have become the main instrument of pressure on the politics and economy of Russia as a sovereign state. Simultaneously with the huge increase in the number of sanctions (about 19 thousand different restrictions and prohibitions), their tightening took place. The banking, energy, manufacturing and some other sectors of the Russian economy suffered certain losses from their impact. Authors’ contributions. V.V. Moiseev prepared material on the history of anti-Russian sanctions; V.P. Trut participated in writing the section of the article devoted to modern anti-Russian sanctions. L.A. Sivachenko presented the author’s content, which expanded the content of the article on the history and modern anti-Russian sanctions. All the authors were directly involved in the development of the concept of the article, its writing, analysis of the proposed issues, justification and formulation of conclusions.

Twitter Trending Topics Analysis Using Power BI on Real-Time Basis

In today’s world of growing social media usage twitter has become an enormous source of data from public in form of tweets. These tweets can be collect and useful to extract effective meaningful insights ex, public sentiments, choices and opinions about a particular event, product or person, which can prove helpful for business growth, political parties and celebrities to know public choices, sentiments and their reviews over a particular product , person or government decision. But before performing sentiment analysis on tweets data we need to clean and per-process it as tweets data is highly unstructured and noisy for that many methods are there:-data per-processing, stop-words removal, stemming, lemmatization etc. After data cleaning effective meaningful insights can be extracted and sentiment analysis can be performed to extract public opinions and their choices. Twitter data possesses significant power in capturing timely public opinions on a variety of topics, such as preferences for products, political tendencies, and sentiments within the business realm. The extensive user base of this platform provides a wide array of viewpoints, rendering it a valuable resource for comprehending consumer behaviour, political developments, and market outlooks. By employing sentiment analysis, organizations can measure levels of customer contentment, policymakers can evaluate public reception, and corporations can monitor how their brands are perceived to make well-informed decisions. The real-time aspect and high level of user involvement associated with Twitter data render it priceless for shaping strategies related to product innovation, political campaigns, and business expansion efforts. This research paper highlights the power of power BI tool in data visualization of real-time tweets of a user twitter account and builds effective dashboards and also perform sentiment analysis of real-time tweets. Keywords: LDA, Machine Learning, Topic Modelling, Sentiment Analysis, NLP, Social Media.

Citizen Science-Based Waste Diaries: An Exploratory Case Study of Household Waste in Switzerland

Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) and national waste reduction goals require frequent waste analyses for monitoring and governance decisions. We developed and tested a citizen science (CS)-based household waste diary for ten consecutive days with 89 volunteer households in Switzerland as a complementary monitoring option to official composition analyses. Discrepancies between the CS-based household diary data and the official composition analyses ranged between 55–65% less reported waste quantities for minerals, compound products, and plastics and 80–90% less for paper, avoidable food waste, and glass. Household waste diaries should be digitalized and prolonged to 21–28 days, and volunteers from different demographic groups are needed to produce stratified, representative results. We conclude that a hybrid CS study design involving waste composition analyses and waste diaries could reduce self-reporting biases while increasing the monitoring frequencies of household waste compositions. CS-based hybrid household waste projects can be a powerful means to complement the measures identified in the 2022 Swiss action plan against food waste and for data reporting for the SDG 12.3 Food Waste Index.

Disabilities Student’s Perspective in a Hybrid Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Indonesia's education world is experiencing significant changes due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This change can be seen from the enactment of online teaching and learning activities. In the even semester of the 2021/2021 Academic Year, the COVID-19 pandemic subsided a little. This also impacts the policy of implementing learning activities, especially in the higher education environment. Responding to the Indonesian government's decision regarding the Implementation of Face-to-Face Learning for the 2021/2022 Academic Year, UIN Sunan Kalijaga also organizes lecture activities in which each lecturer can hold offline lectures together with online lectures (in the network). Learning with online and offline models at UIN SUKA is adapted to existing conditions in the field, especially for students with disabilities. This research uses structural functional theory (AGIL). The results of this study explain that students with disabilities can attend hybrid lectures even with all the limitations they have. It takes help and assistance from related parties to help run Hybrid Learning, especially for students with disabilities.

Why do local governments privatize? Political representation and contagion in the privatization of welfare services in Sweden

AbstractPrevious research has highlighted that decentralization is key to understanding the marketization of the Swedish welfare state, while local political factors are important to explaining the subnational differences in actual degrees of welfare service privatization. Other research has highlighted the impact of pragmatism rather than ideology in local government's decisions to outsource welfare services, including policy diffusion through geographical proximity to highly privatized municipalities. However, little research has been done on the role or type of political representation and whether this matters to the diffusion of welfare service privatization. Thus, there is little knowledge about whether local governments are primarily responsive to public preferences, the ideological position of the local government, or influences from neighboring municipalities. Drawing on the literature on political representation and policy diffusion, I test three hypotheses: that the local governments are primarily responsive to public preferences (sanction representation), that local governments are primarily responsive to their own ideological position (gyroscopic representation), or that local governments are primarily influenced by outsourcing in neighboring municipalities (contagion). Using a time‐lagged correlational design with survey data covering both local politicians and ordinary municipal residents, as well as public accounts of municipal outsourcing, I find that public preferences play a negligible role to the privatization process. A minor part of the between‐municipal variation in welfare service privatization can be attributed to the preferences of local politicians (gyroscopic representation), while a more substantial part is due to pressures from outsourcing among municipal neighbors (contagion).

Niraparib and Abiraterone Acetate (Akeega)

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class. The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec. This review assesses niraparib and abiraterone acetate (Akeega), 100 mg/500 mg, 50 mg/500 mg, filmcoated tablets administered orally. Indication : For the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who are asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic, and in whom chemotherapy is not clinically indicated.

Multi-Method Comparative Analysis of Hydroclimatic Trends and Variability in Dry Creek Catchment, South Australia

AbstractThe trend and variability of hydroclimatic variables over time are apparent in seasonal creeks, especially those located in urbanized areas. Understanding hydro-climatic trends in urban areas is crucial for the sustainable management of water resources and the environment. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal variability and trends of hydroclimate variables as well as the potential connection between rainfall and streamflow in Dry Creek catchment, South Australia. The trend-free pre-whitening Mann–Kendall (TFPW-MK) test and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) were utilized to examine the monotonic and nonmonotonic trends, respectively, and multiple statistical tests were employed to examine the change points in the hydroclimatic time series. Sen’s slope, Simple Linear Regression (SLR), and ITA were used as alternative approaches to assess the magnitudes of change and overcome the limitations in the underlying assumptions of the various methodologies. The variability in the hydroclimate time series was estimated using several indices, such as the coefficient of variation, seasonality indices, flashiness index, and mean zero flow index. The analyses revealed important findings, notably the high variability of rainfall and streamflow during dry periods. Streamflow displayed greater variability compared to rainfall, with high CV values recorded both seasonally and annually. Furthermore, there was a significant upward trend in seasonal rainfall during winter. Additionally, the maximum and mean temperatures demonstrated a statistically significant increase, which can be attributed to global warming and significant urbanization in the catchment area. Comparative analysis has confirmed that the ITA has superior detection capabilities for nonmonotonic trends, outperforming other methods. It excels at presenting graphical representations that accurately depict trends, effectively differentiating between low, medium, and high values. The strong relationship between rainfall and streamflow demonstrated by the Tanh curve suggests that rainfall is the most reliable predictor of streamflow. The outcomes of this investigation are expected to support local governmental organizations and decision-makers in comprehending the spatial and temporal features of rainfall, as well as its correlation with streamflow. This information will further assist in developing flood and drought mitigation strategies backed by empirical evidence. Graphical Abstract

Exploring the Impact of Quantitative Easing Policy on the Business Performance of Construction Companies with the Debt Ratio as a Moderator

During the 2008 financial crisis, central banks (such as the Fed) adopted a quantitative easing (QE) policy to stimulate their countries’ economies and overcome severe economic and financial recessions. However, apart from stimulating the economy by issuing a substantial amount of currency to purchase long-term bonds and suppress interest rates, QE policy also contributed to a boom in the real estate and construction sectors. Therefore, this study employs data envelopment analysis to measure the business performance (BP) of construction companies, and explore the impact of QE policy on the BP of construction companies, between 2004 and 2015, using hierarchical regression. We also examine the moderating role of the debt ratio on the relationship. Focused on publicly listed construction companies in Taiwan, this research reveals three encouraging findings. Firstly, QE policy indeed enhanced the BP of Taiwanese construction companies. Secondly, performance improvements in construction companies due to QE policy show a time-diminishing trend, suggesting the importance of seizing the initial policy benefits of QE implementation. Lastly, construction companies with appropriate financial leverage may exhibit better BP. These findings can provide valuable insights for relevant government entities and decision-makers in the industry for policy and investment decisions.

Real-Time Twitter Trends Analysis Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Machine Learning

In today’s world of growing social media usage twitter has become an enormous source of data from public in form of tweets. These tweets can be collect and useful to extract effective meaningful insights ex, public sentiments, choices and opinions about a particular event, product or person, which can prove helpful for business growth, political parties and celebrities to know public choices, sentiments and their reviews over a particular product , person or government decision. But before performing sentiment analysis on tweets data we need to clean and per-process it as tweets data is highly unstructured and noisy for that many methods are there:-data per-processing, stop-words removal, stemming, lemmatization etc. After data cleaning effective meaningful insights can be extracted and sentiment analysis can be performed to extract public opinions and their choices. Twitter data possesses significant power in capturing timely public opinions on a variety of topics, such as preferences for products, political tendencies, and sentiments within the business realm. The extensive user base of this platform provides a wide array of viewpoints, rendering it a valuable resource for comprehending consumer behaviour, political developments, and market outlooks. By employing sentiment analysis, organizations can measure levels of customer contentment, policymakers can evaluate public reception, and corporations can monitor how their brands are perceived to make well-informed decisions. The real-time aspect and high level of user involvement associated with Twitter data render it priceless for shaping strategies related to product innovation, political campaigns, and business expansion efforts. This research paper highlights the power of power BI tool in data visualization of real-time tweets of a user twitter account and builds effective dashboards and also perform sentiment analysis of real-time tweets. Keywords: LDA, Machine Learning, Topic Modelling, Sentiment Analysis, NLP, Social Media.

Research on differential game of platform corporate social responsibility governance strategy considering user and public scrutiny.

The development of digital technology and the sharing economy has extended corporations' innovative activities beyond the corporation's boundaries, so it has become more urgent to govern the lack of social responsibility and alienation of platform corporations from the perspective of social agents. First, the platform's CSR classification and social responsibility governance's main content are analyzed in this research. Then, this study uses government agencies, platform corporations, users, and the public as governance subjects and compares governance decisions with and without public and user oversight. Finally, the optimal balance strategy for each governing subject, the optimal trajectory of governance volume, and the trajectory of total revenue are obtained. The study found that: 1) Public and user supervision can improve the governance volume while encourage the governance motivation of government agencies and platform corporations. 2) The level of user supervision effort has a greater impact on the total governance revenue than public supervision. 3) The revenue of the system and the governance volume are greater in a centralized decision-making process, indicating that those involved should co-operate in governance based on the principle of mutual benefit. 4) The platform corporation has an incompatible but unified relationship between its social duty and financial success.

Implementation Of Wage Unit Results In Meeting The Decent Living Needs (KHL) Of Batik Workers

Wage based on unit of output is a wage paid based on the production or quantity of goods produced by the worker, in this research, the amount of batik produced by the batik maker. This study aims to determine the implementation of piece-rate wages for batik workers, Pekalongan (Batang) area in Central Java and Cirebon, West Java to see the welfare of batik workers. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection instruments in the form of interviews and field observations. The magnitude of the poverty line and the average monthly per capita expenditure of the community at the provincial and city levels are indicators in determining the welfare level of workers. The results show that the piece-rate wages received by batik workers are higher than the city and provincial poverty lines, but still low when compared to the average monthly per capita expenditure at the provincial and city levels. Nevertheless, employers can determine the amount of wages below the government's decision if employers and workers have agreed. In conclusion, the wages received by the batik workers have not been able to fulfill the KHL of the batik workers optimally. However, batik makers are considered prosperous because they have fulfilled Article 36 Paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 36 of 2021 where wages in Small and Medium Enterprises, especially batik, have fulfilled at least 50% of the average consumption of the provincial community and at least 25% above the poverty line at the provincial level.