Deciduous Broad-leaved Mixed Forest Research Articles

The Relationship between Trait-Based Functional Niche Hypervolume and Community Phylogenetic Structures of Typical Forests across Different Climatic Zones in China

Functional traits are pivotal for understanding the functional niche within plant communities. Yet, the relationship between the functional niches of typical forest plant communities across different climatic zones, as defined by functional traits, and their association with community and phylogenetic structures remains elusive. In this study, we examined 215 woody species, incorporating 11 functional traits spanning leaf economy, mechanical support, and reproductive phenology, gathered from forests in four climatic zones from tropical, subtropical, warm-temperate to cold-temperate zones in China and supplemented by the literature. We quantified the functional niche hypervolume (FNH), reflecting the multidimensional functional niche variability. We then probed into the correlation between the FNH and community and phylogenetic structures of forests. Our findings reveal that species richness significantly influences the geographic variance of functional niche space in forest vegetation across different climatic zones. Specifically, a community’s species richness correlates positively with the functional niche breadth occupied by the community species. The FNH of woody plants across diverse forest types shows significant associations with both the mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) and the mean nearest phylogenetic taxon distance (MNTD) of the communities. There is a progressive increase in tropical rainforest (TF), subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (SF), and warm-temperate coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (WF), followed by a decline in the cold-temperate coniferous forest (CF). This pattern suggests potential environmental filtering in CF, which may constrain the spatial extent of plant functional niches. Our research underscores the substantial variability in the FNH across China’s typical forest vegetation, highlighting the complex interplay between functional traits, community richness, and phylogenetic distance.

Interactions between leaf traits and environmental factors help explain the growth of evergreen and deciduous species in a subtropical forest

It is well known that evergreen and deciduous species possess different functional traits and utilize different strategies in growth and adaptation to environments. However, little work has been done to elucidate whether leaf habits mediate the effect of trait-environment interactions on plant performance. In this study, our subjective was to illuminate whether relative growth rate of deciduous and evergreen species is influenced by multiple trait-environment interactions. We conducted measurements on eight leaf traits of 1230 individuals belonging to 25 species in a subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. Additionally, we collected data on topographic factors, edaphic variables and competition index. Subsequently, we employed generalized linear mixed model to analyze plant relative growth rate, considering high-order trait-environment interactions for both evergreen and deciduous species. We also visualized the effects of these interactions on growth patterns. Our results showed that leaf habits were divided by trait PC1 (41.8%) which was related to leaf lifespan and resource acquisition. Evergreen species tended to have greater interspecific variation compared to deciduous species. Notably, the inclusion of trait-environment interactions significantly improved growth predictions for both leaf habits, although explanatory power of deciduous models was always higher than that of evergreen species. Furthermore, we observed variability in the effects of trait-environment interactions on plant performance varied between leaf habits, leading to different optimal models for each leaf habit, even when they shared similar trait-environment context. These results indicated that difference of life history strategies between leaf habits could be reflected by trait-environment interactions. We emphasized the importance of leaf habits in explaining forest productivity and functions, and future research should focus on the effects of leaf habits on other demographic metrics to understand species coexistence in mixed forests.

Restoring Subtropical Forests: Alleviating P Limitation and Introducing C Limitation Using Evergreen Broad-Leaved Tree Species

Determining which species to utilize for the artificial restoration of subtropical secondary forests has become a focal point in forestry and ecology. To compare the effects of the subtropical secondary forest artificial restoration model on soil microbial nutrient acquisition and limitation, we examined secondary forests (CKs), evergreen coniferous forests (GCPs), evergreen coniferous mixed broad-leaved forests (GCBMs), evergreen mixed broad-leaved forests (GBMs), and natural deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests (DBMs) as research subjects. Among them, GCPs, GCBMs, and GBMs were dominated by the species of the early, middle, and climax stages of subtropical forest succession, respectively. The activities and stoichiometry of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the topsoil were analyzed. The results showed that the forest type significantly affects the activities of BG and LAP rather than NAG or ACP. The BG activity in DBMs was the lowest, while the LAP activity in CKs was significantly higher than that in plantations. Furthermore, the nutrient limitation of microbes was quantitatively analyzed by using the vector analysis of enzyme stoichiometry. The soil microbes in the study area were co-limited by C and P, and the nutrient limitation was in the order of C > P > N. Among the forests, the enzyme stoichiometric ratios in GCPs and DBMs were closest to 1:1:1. From CKs to GBMs, the microbial C limitation was increased, while the P limitation was decreased. The C limitation in DBMs was slightly lower than that in CKs. Overall, the P limitation in evergreen plantations was less than that in CKs. The soil bulk density, C/P, and N/P significantly influenced enzyme activities and stoichiometry. These results suggest that the artificial restoration of subtropical forests using evergreen species alleviated P limitation, while using deciduous broad-leaved species offered potential for alleviating microbial C limitation. Compared with evergreen broad-leaved species, employing pioneer and mid-successional or deciduous broad-leaved species can better achieve balanced microbial nutrient requirements.

Stochastic process drives the dissimilarity in biodiversity patterns between Pinus kwangtungensis coniferous forest and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in karst area.

Pinus kwangtungensis is an endangered evergreen conifer tree species, and its in situ conservation has been considered one of the most critical issues. However, relative protection is limited by the lack of understanding of its community structure and underlying assembly processes. To study how the species diversity and assembly processes of Pinus kwangtungensis coniferous forest (CF) differed with regional climax community, this study established a series forest dynamic plots both in CF and evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest (EDBM). By performing comparison analysis and PER-SIMPER approaches, we quantified the differences in species diversity and community assembly rules. The results showed that the species α-diversity of CF differed greatly from the EDBM both in species richness and evenness. In addition, the stochastic process acted a more important role in determining species composition, indicating the uncertainty in presence of species. The soil phosphorus and changeable calcium content were the main factors driving the differences in biodiversity, which the importance of soil nutrient factors in driving species composition. Our study highlighted that we should consider the community structure and ecological process when conducting conservation of Pinus kwangtungensis.

Forest Canopy Structures and Bamboo Rhizome Internodes Impact the Appearance Quality of Bamboo Shoots

Bamboo shoots are a healthy vegetable with significant commercial value, and their appearance quality is a key factor influencing consumer preference and market pricing. Their growth characteristics—after being unearthed, they maintain basal diameter while rapidly growing in height—affect the taste and nutritional quality. However, little attention has been given to the impact of bamboo forest management on shoot appearance. Therefore, this study addressed this research gap through a comprehensive investigation across three types of bamboo forests: evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (MBF), and pure bamboo forest (PBF). In addition, we further assessed factors that potentially affect the appearance quality of bamboo shoots, including canopy structures, understory light factors and understory soil factors, mother bamboo factors, and shoot internal factors (pigments and cells). The basal diameters of shoots in PBF and MBF were 1.89 cm and 1.97 cm, respectively, which were significantly larger than those in EBF by 0.27 cm and 0.35 cm, respectively. The linear mixed effect model identified the number of bamboo rhizome internodes and the chlorophyll a content as primary factors influencing basal diameter thickening and elongation growth of shoots, respectively. In addition, increasing the bamboo canopy and mean leaf angle reduced the chlorophyll a content and increased the carotenoid content, thereby benefiting the improvement in or maintenance of the taste and quality of shoots. This study highlighted that increasing the number of bamboo rhizome internodes, bamboo canopy, and mean leaf angle is helpful to improve the appearance quality of shoots. These findings offer a scientific foundation for bamboo forest management, contributing to both ecological sustainability and economic benefits.

The Effect of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil Quality in Mountainous Areas of Beijing

Soil quality is a very important indicator used to assess ecosystem restoration states in terms of vegetation recovery and establishment. Evaluating the soil quality of different vegetation restoration types in mountainous areas of Beijing and identifying their influencing factors would provide a scientific basis and be helpful for vegetation restoration in the future. Six vegetation types (or communities), including Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco pure forest (POP), Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. pure forest (PTP), Platycladus orientalis–Pinus tabulaeformis mixed forest (PPM), Platycladus orientalis coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest (POCB), Pinus tabulaeformis coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest (PTCB), deciduous broadleaved mixed forest (DBMF), and one area of non-afforested land (NF), with similar stand conditions were selected and fourteen factors of soil physical and chemical characteristics were measured and used to establish a total data set (TDS), while a minimum data set (MDS) was obtained by using the principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis methods. Two scoring methods, linear (L) and non-linear (NL), were used to calculate the soil quality index (SQI), and the key factors influencing soil quality by vegetation were identified by a general linear model (GLM), PCA, and correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) The screened MDS indicators which showed good relationships with the SQIs in the study areas were total nitrogen (TN), sand content, total potassium (TK), pH, and available water capacity (AWC). The SQI–NLM method has better applicability. (2) The contribution rates of vegetation to different soil factors accounted for 28.644% (TN), 21.398% (sand content), 24.551% (TK), 16.075% (pH), and 9.332% (AWC). (3) TN showed a positive relationship with all vegetation types; the content of TN in PTCB and DBMF was obviously larger than in the other types in the 0–10 cm layer; PPM, PTCB, and POCB affected the sand content, which showed negative correlativity; and DBMF showed positive correlativity with AWC. The mechanism of how different species affect TN, sand content, and AWC should be focused on and taken into consideration in further studies.

Carbon budget of different forests in China estimated by an individual-based model and remote sensing.

Forests play a key role in the regional or global carbon cycle. Determining the forest carbon budget is of great significance for estimating regional carbon budgets and formulating forest management policies to cope with climate change. However, the carbon budget of Chinese different forests and their relative contributions are not completely clear so far. We evaluated the carbon budget of different forests from 1981 to 2020 in China through combining model with remote sensing observation. In addition, we also determined the relative contribution of carbon budget of each forest type to all forests in China. Eight forest types were studied: evergreen coniferous forest (ECF), deciduous coniferous forest (DCF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBF), seasonal rain forest (SRF), and rain forest (RF). The results indicated that the Chinese forests were mainly carbon sink from 1981 to 2020, particularly the annual average carbon budget of forest from 2011 to 2020 was 0.191 PgC·a-1. Spatially, the forests' carbon budget demonstrated obvious regional differences, gradually decreasing from Southeast China to Northwest China. The relative contributions of carbon budget in different forests to all forests in China were different. During 2011-2020, the ECF forests contributed the most carbon budget (34.45%), followed by DBF forests (25.89%), EBF forests (24.82%), EDBF forests (13.10%), RF forests (2.23%), SRF forests (3.14%) and CBF forests (1.14%). However, the DCF forests were found mainly as carbon source. These results contribute to our understanding of regional carbon budget of forests.

Effects of Tiankeng topography on ecological strategy of karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest

Tiankeng negative topography is a magnificent landscape located in karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests. It has garnered increasing attention due to its geomorphological features, natural species refuge, and biodiversity conservation. Given its unique nature, it is likely that ecological strategy for resource allocation, key factors influencing species strategies, and underlying coexistence mechanisms of species in this habitat may differ from those found in general karst forests. Thus, we established three types of forest plots (The inside of Tiankeng forest, the fringe of Tiankeng forest and nearby typical karst forest) on two contrasting topographies (Tiankeng and mountain) and measured plant leaf functional traits and soil characteristics in a karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of southwest China. Based on measurements of leaf area, leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area in the “StrateFy” tool, we compared the effects of variations in ecological strategy by using Grime’s competitor (C), stress-tolerator (S), and ruderal (R) theory. The results showed that unique species in the inside of Tiankeng forests were 10.87% −17.98% higher than those in the nearby karst forests, and the soil phosphorus in the inside of Tiankeng forests was significantly higher than those in the nearby karst forests (P < 0.05). CSR strategies components were significantly different in the three forests. The component C and R in the inside of Tiankeng forests were higher than that in fringe of Tiankeng forests and nearby karst forests, indicating that the inside of Tiankeng forests can recruit more C- and R- selected species from the nearby forests. Furthermore, Tiankeng negative topography affected the distribution of species CSR strategy by altering soil characteristics, and the soil total phosphorus was the principal driver of species ecological strategy in the inside of Tiankeng forests. Our findings highlight the naturalness and specificity of Tiankeng species in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests, and differentiation in ecological strategy maybe one mechanism facilitates species coexistence. We suggest that the conservation of Tiankeng should not only focus on in-situ preservation of biodiversity but also consider the role of nearby karst forests in promoting sustainable development of Tiankeng.

Soil water movement changes following conversion from evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests to Chinese fir plantations

Soil water movement changes following conversion from evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests to Chinese fir plantations

Strategic differentiation of subcommunities composed of evergreen and deciduous woody species associated with leaf functional traits in the subtropical mixed forest

The joint assembly of evergreen and deciduous tree species, typical karst vegetation of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests through respective subcommunities, play an important role in maintaining biodiversity in subtropical karst regions, and leaf functional traits can strategically specify plant resource utilization. However, it is unclear how these assembled subcommunities of evergreen and deciduous species maintain differentiation strategies. This study surveyed 53 forest plots of 20 m × 20 m dividing 212 adjacent lattices in a typical karst forest. Leaf traits of woody plants were measured regarding the specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf tissue density (ltd), and leaf C, N, and P contents. The differences between deciduous and evergreen subcommunities were compared using the community-weighted means (CWM). The SLA and LDMC of the deciduous subcommunity were greater than the evergreen subcommunity; meanwhile, the leaf C, C/N and C/P ratios of the evergreen subcommunity were significantly higher than those of the deciduous subcommunity. However, the leaf N, P and N/P ratios of the deciduous subcommunity were significantly enhanced than the evergreen subcommunity. Moreover, both subcommunities showed significant negative correlations between SLA, leaf N and ltd, LDMC, signifying a trade-off of leaf-economic trait in deciduous and evergreen subcommunities. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) on leaf functional traits specified the strategic differentiation mainly located at the side of the resource acquisition with high SLA and leaf N content for the deciduous subcommunity and situated at the side of the resource conservation with high LDMC and ltd for the evergreen subcommunity. In conclusion, the trade-off correlated with leaf functional trait differentiation suggested a resource acquisition strategy for the deciduous subcommunity and a resource conservation strategy for the evergreen subcommunity in the subtropical climate-dominating mixed forest of karst ecosystem.

Stand Structure Management and Tree Diversity Conservation Based on Using Stand Factors: A Case Study in the Longwan National Nature Reserve

The management of stand structure and the protection of species diversity are crucial to forest ecosystem service functions. Changbai Mountain is one of the three major forest regions in Northeast China, and understanding the characteristics of stand structure and the allometric relationship between stand structure variables and the correlation between stand factors and species diversity is the basis for achieving effective forest management and ecological function improvement. In this study, the typical deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest of the Longwan Nature Reserve in the Changbai Mountain were taken as the research objects, and the stand structure and diversity were investigated in detail. Allometric growth equations were established using the breast height diameter (DBH), tree height, and crown width of the main dominant species. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on the stand structure and diversity of the forest community. The experimental results showed that young forests with small diameters and small individuals were the main part of the stands. Optimal allometric growth models of the main tree species (Acer mandshuricum, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Juglans mandshurica, Acer mono, and Tilia amurensis) were 0.807D0.646, 0608D0.381H0.390, 0.502D0.533H0.295, 0.795D0.540H0.157, and 0.541D0.484H0.301, respectively, with R2 values ranging between 0.6 and 0.8, indicating a good fit for the models. Furthermore, tree density, crown width, and DBH were the main factors affecting tree diversity. The research results will provide theoretical support for the efficient management of forest stand structure and diversity conservation in the Longwan Reserve.

The impact of abiotic and biotic factors on growth, mortality and net tree C stock in mountain forest ecosystems in southwest China

Mountain forest ecosystems play an important role in global carbon sequestration and may respond differently to variations in climate. The timely and accurate assessment of the factors (abiotic and biotic) that affect forest types will improve our understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying forest carbon stock and dynamics. Here, we used linear mixed effect models to assess the impact of abiotic and biotic factors on the rate of net tree C accumulation, growth, and mortality, over nearly four decades in 1248 permanent forest plots, in different forest types along an elevational gradient on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. We found that the annual rise in net tree C stock ranged from 0.13 to 0.23 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, as forest growth increased from 1979 to 2017. The highest rates of growth and mortality were in coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (CBMF), followed by deciduous broad-leaved forests (BDF), evergreen, deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBMF), and coniferous forest (CF). Mortality increased in EDBMF and CF during the study period. The most important biotic factors were tree richness and tree density, especially in BDF and CBMF. The most important abiotic factors driving these biological responses were a significant rise in monthly mean temperature (MMT) and a decline in precipitation in the growing season. The decrease in precipitation was negatively correlated with net tree C in CBMF and CF. The increase of MMT was positively correlated with growth and mortality of each forest type, and generally more important than richness and density, and overall had a positive effect on net tree C in CBMF and CF. Overall, we suggest that tree carbon stocks will continue to increase in CBMF and CF in the coming decades due to the warming.

The Relative Importance of Niche and Neutral Processes for the Community Assembly of Subtropical Karst Forest Communities at Different Spatial Scales

As spatial scale changes, the ecological processes and mechanisms that determine community patterns change. To understand these spatial effects, we established a medium-sized forest plot in an evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Guilin, Guangxi, southwestern China. Here, we compared the fit of niche and neutral models to the observed species abundance distributions (SADs) at three sampling scales (10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, 50 m × 50 m). We also performed a PER-SIMPER analysis to further evaluate the relative contribution of niche and neutral processes based on taxon occurrence data. Our results showed that niche-based selection and dispersal-based neutral processes are simultaneously expressed at the 10 m × 10 m and 20 m × 20 m sampling scales. Additionally, dispersal-based neutral processes were predominant at each sampling scale. From these results, we found that the dispersal-based neutral process is the prominent driver for forest community structure in a typical karst forest environment. Ultimately, our work will be useful for future restoration and reconstruction efforts in karst forest communities, showing that environmental heterogeneity, inter-species relationships, and geographic spatial differences should be considered in these efforts.

Subtropical forest vegetation development and climate change in Baishanzu area of Zhejiang Province, China, since the Holocene

Human activities and climate change pose major challenges for the sustainable development of terrestrial biological forests. The modern vegetation in the Baishanzu area is typical mixed subtropical evergreen broad-leaved, coniferous, and deciduous broad-leaved forest, with a vegetation combination sensitive to climate change. Higher resolution pollen records from the Shangyang Lake Wetland, located in the subtropical monsoon climate of the Baishanzu area in Zhejiang, China, were combined with environmental proxy data, such as data on loss on ignition and charcoal, to reconstruct the vegetation and climate changes since the Holocene. The results show that the climate was cool and dry during the early Holocene (11660–6580 cal. aBP), when the zonal vegetation changed from evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests dominated by evergreen Quercus (Quercus(E)), Castanopsis, deciduous Quercus (Quercus(D)), and Castanea to coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests with rich Cryptomeria. Abies pollen spread to lower altitudes during the period 9620–8020 cal. aBP with Abies beshanzuensis covering large areas of land. The increased in the East Asian summer monsoon from 6580 to 2040 cal. aBP led to the Holocene Climate Optimum, when the climate was particularly warm and humid. The zonal vegetation was middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus(E), Castanopsis, and Cyclobalanopsis with particularly high forest coverage and few fire events. For the last 2000 years, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, mainly Pinus taiwanensis, have dominated the vegetation in the area. Sharp increase in such flora was observed after the year 980. Decreased temperature, cold climate, and increased anthropogenic disturbances have resulted in a substantial reduction in the arboreal pollen content, including Quercus, Castanopsis, Castanea, and Ilex, and an increase in Pinus and Poaceae. The results of this study will play a positive role in fully understanding the historical background and internal mechanisms of subtropical forest changes.

Effects of tree mortality on the spatial patterns and interspecific associations of individuals in karst evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests

Tree mortality is an important ecological process in forests. It is crucial to understand how tree mortality affects spatial patterns and interspecific associations for revealing the mechanisms of tree mortality and community dynamics. We employed the correlation method of spatial point pattern analysis to analyse the variations in spatial patterns and interspecific relations before and after mortality using data obtained from two surveys of a 25 hm2 plot in the Mulun National Natural Reserve, China. The results showed that most species had an aggregated distribution both pre- and post-mortality. The proportion of species with aggregated distribution reduced slightly post-mortality compared with that for pre-mortality. Increases in the number of species with random distribution at small scale indicated that tree death was not random. At the species level, there were significant positive associations between dead and live trees of the 13 common species at different levels of 0-30 m range, suggesting weak intraspecific and interspecific competition among dominant species. Pre- and post-mortality interspecific associations were mostly positive, which remained stable during the period of two surveys for most species, indicating that the community had reached a rather stable stage. Following tree mortality, the number of species with positive associations increased at 1-30 m scales, whereas the number of species with negative and no associations decreased at most scales. These results indicated that the pressure of interspecific competition was relieved to some extent after individual death.

Changes in the soil nematode community among climate zones do not keep pace with changes in plant communities

Revealing the distribution patterns of soil nematode communities among climate zones helps uncover the spatial distribution patterns of belowground biodiversity. The aims of this study were to reveal the spatial distribution patterns of the taxonomic composition, diversity and trophic structure of soil nematode communities among continuous climate zones. Investigations were conducted for five altitudinal vegetation types, i.e., subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (SEB), subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (SEDB), warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest (WTDB), mid-temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (MTC) and cold temperate coniferous forest (CTC), on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain from 2014 to 2017. The taxonomic compositions of the soil nematode communities in the SEDB, WTDB, MTC and CTC were similar but differed markedly from that in the SED, with patterns varying among sampling years. Abundances and diversity showed unimodal distribution patterns, with maximum values occurring in the WTDB. The abundances of the four trophic groups varied significantly among the vegetation types. Relative abundances stabilized for bacterivores and plant parasites but declined for fungivores and increased for omnivores-predators from the SEB to the CTC. The ratio of fungivores to bacterivores in the SEB was significantly higher than those in the other vegetation types, implying that the trophic structure and material cycling channels differed among forest types. The spatial distribution of the soil nematode communities was mainly influenced by pH, total K, total P and soil temperature. These findings suggested that the taxonomic composition, abundance, diversity and trophic structure of soil nematode communities vary among climate zones, but the changes in the soil nematode communities among climate zones did not keep pace with those in aboveground plant communities.

喀斯特森林常见树种倒木分解对土壤真菌群落组成及分布规律的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 喀斯特森林常见树种倒木分解对土壤真菌群落组成及分布规律的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101280295 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（32060266，31700385）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合基础[2020]1Y124）；贵州省一流学科建设项目（GNYL[2017]007） Effects of fallen woods decomposition of common tree species on soil fungal community composition and distribution in karst forest Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:倒木是森林生态系统的重要组分，其分解调控着土壤的养分循环，同时也影响着土壤微生物群落结构。但目前鲜见关于倒木分解对土壤微生物群落影响方面的报道。选取贵州茂兰喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林中处于轻、中和重度腐烂等级的狭叶润楠（Machilus rehderi）、枫香（Liquidambar formosana）、青冈栎（Cyclobalanopsis glauca）和圆果化香（Platycarya longipes）4种常见树种倒木为研究对象，以距倒木外围的3个不同水平距离（10cm、30cm和50cm）的土壤样品为实验材料，分析倒木树种、腐烂等级和距离对土壤真菌种类及多样性的影响。结果表明：1）喀斯特森林4种树种倒木所影响土壤真菌群落在门级分类上主要为子囊菌门、担子菌门和毛霉门，优势属有Mortierella spp.、Phlebia spp.、Pluteus spp.和Chaetomium spp.等；2）倒木的树种对土壤真菌群落相对丰度的影响有差异，圆果化香倒木下的土壤真菌丰富度Chao1指数显著高于青冈栎；3）随腐烂程度加深，4种树种倒木下的土壤真菌群落多样性呈显著增加趋势；4）土壤真菌群落丰度随着距倒木距离的增大（10-50cm）变化明显，如狭叶润楠影响的Pluteus spp.、Mortierella spp.和Ganoderma spp.，枫香的Chaetomium spp.，圆果化香的Mortierella spp.和青冈栎的Phlebia spp.和Oliveonia spp.等。本研究量化了喀斯特森林倒木所影响的土壤真菌群落组成及分布规律，在一定程度上为倒木分解与土壤微生物群落之间的作用机制的深入探索提供了科学依据。 Abstract:Fallen wood is an important component of the forest ecosystem, which plays an important role in ecological conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and forest renewal. Its decomposition regulates the nutrient cycle of the soil and often changed to changes in microbial community structure of the soil. Therefore, quantify the influence of the fallen wood on soil fungus community and distribution is very significance. However, there are few reports about the effects of decomposition of fallen wood on soil microbial community, especially in Maolan kast evergreen broad-leaved deciduous mixed forest, a rare remaining subtropical karst forest with strong original in China and even the world. In this paper, the fallen woods of four common tree species (Machilus rehderi, Liquidambar formosana, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and Platycarya longipes) that are in mildly, moderately and severely deciduous decay levels in Maolan's evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Guizhou are selected as the research object. Three different horizontal distances (10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm) from the outer edge of the fallen wood were used to analyze the effects of tree species, decay grade and distance on the types and abundance of soil fungi community. The results show that:1) the soil fungi affected by the fallen woods of the four tree species in the karst forest are mainly Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucor in the phylum classification, and the dominant genera are Mortierella spp., Phlebia spp., Pluteus spp. and Chaetomium spp., etc; 2) Different tree species of fallen woods have different effects on the relative abundance of soil fungi communities. The soil fungi richness Chao1 index under the fallen wood of the Platycarya longipes is significantly higher than that of Cyclobalanopsis glauca; 3) With the deepening of decay, the soil fungal community diversity under the fallen wood of the four tree species showed a significant increasing trend; 4) The abundance of soil fungal communities changes significantly with the increase of the distance from the fallen wood (10- 50 cm), such as Pluteus spp., Mortierella spp. and Ganoderma spp. are affected by Machilus rehderi, Chaetomium spp. of Liquidambar formosana, Mortierella spp. of Platycarya longipes, Phlebia spp. and Oliveonia spp. of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, etc. This study quantified the soil fungal communities composition and distribution patterns affected by fallen woods in karst forests, and provided a scientific basis for further exploration of the mechanism of interaction between soil microbial communities and fallen wood decomposition to some extent. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Spatial pattern dynamics of &lt;i&gt;Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia&lt;/i&gt; in mixed broad-leaved forests on Tianmu Mountain, eastern China, 1996–2012

Studies of the spatial patterns of dominant plant species may provide significant insights into processes and mechanisms that maintain stand stability. This study was performed in a permanent 1 ha plot in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests on Tianmu Mountain. Based on two surveys (1996 and 2012), the dynamics of the spatial distribution pattern of the dominant population ( (Blume) Oersted) and the intra- and interspecific relationships between and other dominant species populations were analyzed using Ripley’s () function. We identified the importance value of a species in a community, which is the sum of the relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominance. The drivers of spatial distribution variation and the maintenance mechanisms of the forest were discussed. The results showed that the importance value of within the community decreased over the past 16 years. The population exhibited a significantly aggregated distribution within a spatial scale of 0–25 m in 1996 whereas it changed to a random distribution at scales larger than 5.5 m in 2012. From 1996 to 2012, the spatial distribution patterns between and (Batal.) Iljinsk. and between and (Lamb.) Hook did not change significantly. In 1996, and Miq. were positively associated at the scale of 0–25 m; this relationship was strongly significant at the scale of 6–10 m. However, there was no association between the populations of two species in terms of the spatial distribution at the scale of 0–25 m in 2012. Our findings indicate that the drivers of variation in the spatial distribution of the population were intra- and interspecific mutual relationships as well the seed-spreading mechanism of this species.Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifoliaC. myrsinifoliaKrC. myrsinifoliaC. myrsinifoliaC. myrsinifoliaCyclocarya paliurusC. myrsinifoliaCunninghamia lanceolataC. myrsinifoliaDaphniphyllum macropodumC. myrsinifolia

Spatial distribution pattern and habitat-association of snags in karst evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests

Spatial distribution pattern and habitat-association of snags in karst evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests

Phytolith reconstruction of early to mid-Holocene vegetation and climatic changes in the Lower Yangtze Valley

The Holocene variability of Poaceae (grasses) and their response to climate changes has not yet been investigated, despite their prevalence and biodiversity in the Lower Yangtze Valley. In this study, we analysed phytolith assemblages in a high-resolution sediment core from the Lower Yangtze Valley to reconstruct the past vegetation and climate of the early to mid-Holocene (ca. 9000–7200 cal a BP). The sediment core chronology was based on 11 radiocarbon dates of terrestrial plant macro-remains or char, which sufficiently captured regional centennial-scale vegetation and climatic variability of the early to mid-Holocene. We identified and classified phytoliths into 30 morphotypes covering seven taxonomic groups: Panicoideae, Pooideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Oryzoideae, Arecaceae (palms), and broad-leaved trees. The downcore phytolith assemblage indicated a significant increase in palms, bamboo forests, and other evergreen broad-leaved trees after 8200 cal a BP. Both Panicoideae and Pooideae, which are indicative of dry or cold climates, decreased from 9000 to 7200 cal a BP, indicating a transition to a warmer and wetter climate during that period. Due to the coastal environment of the Lower Yangtze, both the strengthening East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and rising sea-level likely influenced the early to mid-Holocene climate transition. The general climatic warming was interrupted by several centennial-scale intervals at 8800, 8200, 7700, and 7300 cal a BP, coinciding with weaker precipitation or lower temperature inferred from other high-resolution records; these changes were likely forced by meltwater input from the Laurentide ice sheet and solar activity. Our study provides a reliable reconstruction of climatic changes in the Lower Yangtze Valley. Moreover, the phytolith record provided a more detailed reconstruction of Holocene plant communities compared with a pollen-based record from the same core. We therefore recommend the use of phytoliths for plant reconstructions (mainly grasses) in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests.