Decapterus Macarellus Research Articles

Characteristics of Ichthyoplankton Communities and Their Relationship With Environmental Factors Above the Ninety East Ridge, Eastern Indian Ocean

The Ninety East Ridge is a submarine north–south oriented volcanic ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean. Surface-layer ichthyoplankton collected in this area from September to October were identified by combined morphological and molecular (DNA barcoding) techniques, and their species composition, diversity, and abundance, and correlations with environmental variables were described. Collections comprised 109 larvae and 507 eggs, which were identified to 37 taxa in 7 orders, 20 families, and 27 genera, and were dominated by the order Perciformes and species Vinciguerria sp., Oxyporhamphus micropterus, and Decapterus macarellus. Species abundances at each station and of each species were relatively low, suggesting that this area or the time of sampling were not of major importance for fish spawning. Waters above Ninety East Ridge had lower species diversity but higher species richness than waters further offshore. A generalized additive model revealed that high abundance of ichthyoplanktonic taxa occurred in areas with low sea surface height and high sea surface salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a concentration. Of these, sea surface height was most correlated with ichthyoplankton abundance. We provided baseline data on surface-dwelling ichthyoplankton communities in this area to aid in development of pelagic fishery resources in waters around the Ninety East Ridge.

Analysis of the fishing season pattern of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) using purse seine fishing gear at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port, North Sumatra Province

The fishery potential of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) in the Malacca Strait has a high value. The fishermen at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port mostly get the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) in their fishing activity. This study aims to determine the pattern of fishing season for mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) at the Samudera Belawan Fishing Port. Secondary data analysis used the model Schaefer and the Fishing Season Index (FSI) for the last five years. The catching season is in January, March, May, June, August, and November. The peak season for mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) occurs in November (transitional season II) with an FSI value of 116.49% and the lowest in February (the west season) with an FSI value of 89.35%.

The influence of “api-api” (Avicennia marina) leaves extract on the quality of fresh mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) during storage

“Api-api” trees (Avicennia marina) is known as mangrove that classified as family Avicenniaceae. Based on the previous study, ‘“api-api”’ (Avicennia marine) leaves obtained bioactive molecules which is function as anti-parasite, anti-fungi, anti-oxidant, and antibacterial, due to its steroid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin compounds. The work was aimed to study the influence of “api-api” (Avicennia marina) leaves extract on the quality of fresh mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) during storage. Research method applied 2 treatment namely A soaked time of mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) in “api-api” leaves extract and B storage time. Soaked time consist of 5 minutes (A1), 10 minutes (A2) and 15 minutes (A3), while storage time consist of : 0 hour (B1), 3 hours (B2), 6 hours (B3), 9 hours (B4) and 12 hours (B5). Parameters observed as indicator of fresh mackerel scad quality were pH, Total Volatile Bases (TVB), Total Plate Count (TPC) and Organoleptic. The result showed the treatments A immersed period and B storage time significantly influenced the pH, TVB and TPC value of the fresh mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) during storage, but not influenced the organoleptic value. The best treatment applied was immersed period 5 minutes in methanol extract (A1) indicated by the lowest TVB and TPC value.

Sex ratio, age group and length at first maturity of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833) in the Southern waters of Ambon, Eastern Indonesia

The existence of mackerel scad in Ambon waters, Moluccas Indonesia has decreased from year to year mainly due to the over exploitation. This research aimed to study the biological aspects, in particular were sex ratio, age group and length at first maturity of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) from this area. Sampling was done on September 2016 to July 2017 at the southern waters of Ambon Island. Samples collected were dissected to determine their sex and their gonad maturity level then measured. Bhattacharya method was used to determine age group while Spearman- Kaber method was used to identify length at the first maturity of this species. It was found that mackerel scad in the southern waters of Ambon Island had an equal number of male and female that consists of four age groups with length at first maturity for male and female were 24.9 cm and 24.8 cm, respectively.

Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Pengolahan Ikan Layang Kering di UD. Mutiara Laut Desa Sumberanyar Kabupaten Probolinggo

The purpose of this study was to analyze the business feasibility of the dried scad mackerel (Decapterus spp.) processing At UD. Mutiara Laut. This research uses the case study method and was conducted in February 2020. The data collection method uses observation and interviews with business owners. The data used are primary and secondary data. The results showed that the profits of the dried scad mackerel processing at UD. Mutiara Laut in one month amounting to IDR 63,887,479. R / C ratio of 1.08. This means that the dried scad mackerel processing at UD. Mutiara Laut is profitable and feasible to be developed.

Management of scad fisheries (Decapterus spp.) in Sulawesi Sea Waters, North Sulawesi Province, using EAFM

There are a large variety and quite abundant types of small pelagic fish that have high economic value in the Sulawesi Sea. One of which is the blue scad fish or commonly known as malalugis (Decapterus macarellus). This study aims to analyze and determine the status of scad fisheries management and to develop recommendations in the management of scad fisheries in the waters of Sulawesi Sea, North Sulawesi Province. The evaluation of fishery management status is carried out using multi-criteria analysis (MCA) through the development of composite index of each indicator of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). The results showed that, in general, the status of scad fisheries management in North Sulawesi Province, was in ‘good’ category, specifically reviewed from the domain of fish resources fall into the category of “medium”, habitat and ecosystem “good”, fishing techniques “good”, economy “not good”, social “medium” and institutional “good”. Management actions take precedence over domains that have “poor” indicator values. Priority management action is implemented in the economic domain, followed by the domain of fish resources, social, institutional and fishing techniques.Indonesian title: Pengelolaan perikanan ikan layang (Decapterus spp.) di perairan Laut Sulawesi, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, menggunakan EAFM

QUALITY OF SCAD MACKEREL (Decapterus sp.) PINDANG PROCESSED AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SALTING AND COOKING TREATMENT

Regarding source of animal protein, pindang (salted and cooked fish) seems to have a greater potentiality than ikan asin (salted and dried fish), since pindang is more favorable in terms of sensory properties; thereby, pindang can be more widely consumed. Besides, pindang is also ready-to-eat product, which make it easier to consume. This research aimed at evaluating the different degree of salting and cooking on quality of scad mackerel pindang. The experiment was carried out according to Randomized Block Design, consisting of two processing methods: steam (A) and pressured or presto (B), with various concentrations of salt, i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%. The sample was then analyzed for content of protein, moisture, ash, as well as hedonic profile. The results showed that the best quality of scad mackerel pindang was achieved at pressured fish with salt 5%, yielding protein of 34,68%, moisture of 64,79%, and ash of 1,80%.

Indonesian Traditional Salted Fish: The Alteration Its Allergenicity during Processing

ABSTRACT Fish is one of the major allergenic foods. However, there is almost no data related to Indonesian fish allergens, especially during traditional salted fish processing. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of allergenicity from 5 highly produced Indonesian salted fish in Muara Angke, North Jakarta: sardine (Sardinella fimbriata), mackerel (Decapterus spp.), mackerel tuna (Euthynus affinis), short mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.), and yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis). In this study, raw, salted, dried, and fried fish muscle extract from 5 fish species were prepared, and each was tested by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sera from 2 patients, each with seafood hypersensitivity as positive control and healthy patient as negative control. SDS-PAGE results showed that salting, drying, and frying only have a moderate effect on the alteration of band intensity. Salted fish processing could not abolish parvalbumin related bands at 10–13 kDa and other bands that are considered major fish allergens (24, 40, and 50 kDa). Specific ELISA testing showed the alteration of fish protein extract allergenicity during salted fish protein was specific for each species. Fried, salted yellowstripe scad displayed the highest allergenic potential, while fried, salted short mackerel and mackerel tuna showed the lowest allergenic potential.

UKURAN LAYAK TANGKAP IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI PERAIRAN KENDARI, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The small pelagic resources in the waters of Kendari (FMA 714) that are dominant are mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) and Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta). Fishing in these waters uses a mini purse seine, with the production of 2 species of fish has reached 38.2% of the total allowed catch FMA 714. Because of intensive use, management needed to preserve resources. The purpose of this study is to determine the decent size based on a comparison of length of the first capture (Lc) and the length of first mature (Lm), and prediction of spawning season. Data collection was conducted by researchers and assisted by enumerators monthly. The results showed that the size of the mackerel scad in between 17.5 - 30.5 cm FL (n = 3207 tails). The size of the Indian mackerel found between 18.5 - 26.5 cm FL (n = 2556). The length at first captured of both species was larger than the size at first matured (Lm> Lc) so that the decent size is 23 cm FL for mackerel scad and 22 cm FL for Indian mackerel. The prediction of the spawning season in May-August can be the basis for closing the area during the spawning season. 
 Keywords: : mackerel scad, Indian mackerel, mini purse seine, decent size, FMA 714

Ekstraksi Wet Rendering Minyak Ikan Layang (Decapterus macarellus) dengan Suhu Rendah

Ikan layang (Decapterus macarellus) merupakan ikan pelagis kecil yang pemanfaatannya masih terbatas pada pengolahan ikan asin, ikan pindang, dan ikan asap dengan nilai tambah yang rendah. Kandungan asam lemak omega-3 ikan layang yang cukup tinggi berpotensi sebagai bahan baku pengolahan minyak ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan karakteristik mutu minyak ikan layang terbaik yang mengacu pada International Fish Oil Standards (IFOS). Ekstraksi minyak ikan layang dilakukan dengan metode wet rendering perlakuan suhu 40, 50, dan 60 oC selama 30 menit, dilanjutkan dengan analisis karakteristik mutu untuk menentukan suhu ekstraksi terbaik. Karakteristik mutu minyak ikan layang terbaik diperoleh dari ekstraksi perlakuan suhu 60 oC dengan nilai PV, p-AV, dan TOTOX yang telah memenuhi persyaratan IFOS dengan rendemen sebesar 0,9±0,04

The Biological Aspect of Mackerel Scad (<i>Decapterus Macarellus</i> Cuvier, 1833) In Samudera Hindia (West Sumatera Block)

Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) is one of the important economical caught in the Indian Ocean West Sumatra waters captured using purse seine. Increased production of mackerel scad will lead to increased exploitation, causing population changes. Therefore, research was carried out to find out the biological aspects of the fish so that resource management can be done. The sampling was conducted in Lampulo, Sibolga, and Air Bangis from February to November 2016 with total samples of 716 fishes. This research was conduct to study some biological aspects which consist of size distribution, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, the length at first capture, and length of the first maturity in Indian ocean west Sumatera waters. The results showed that the size of the mackerel scad had ranged between 16 - 33.6 cm FL and the average was 24.5 cm. Growth patterns are allometric negative, sex ratio male and female in an unbalanced condition. The mackerel scad is most caught by purse seine in maturity condition. The average length at first captured was 25.08 cm FL and length at first mature was 20.47 cm FL. These were an ideal biological condition and must be maintained because it provides an opportunity for fish to increase the population. The mesh size purse must follow the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 71/2016 that adjusted for minimum at 1 inch. Keywords: Mackerel scad, Indian Ocean, purse seine

The Effect of Handling Facilities and Methods on Quality of The Fish by Fisherman on Purse Seine Board, In Gamhoku

Generally each type of fish has different pattern of deterioration. Quality deterioration and high postharvest damage was caused by fishing method, poor handling process, the length of supply chain, poor handling facilities. This research was aimed to know about handling facilities on Purse seine board and its handling method; and to analyze fish quality using pH and organoleptic. The first step in this research was to observe the handling on the board then measure the pH of fish using pH metes. And also there was 30 panelist who did sensory test using organoleptic instrument on the board. The result showed that the handling facilities on board were coolbox, ice and hold, it showed that their apply good handling facilities. The average value of pH between 6,10 – 6,27, where the highest score was Ikan Selar (Selar crumenopthalmus) and the lowest score was Ikan Layang (Decapterus macarellus). The result of organoleptic was between 8,62-8,91, it showed that the tested fishes were fresh.

Reidentification of Decapterus macarellus and D. macrosoma (Carangidae) reveals inconsistencies with current morphological taxonomy in China.

Decapterus macarellus and D. macrosoma are economically important pelagic fish species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seas. The two species are often mistakenly identified due to their morphological similarities as described in the Chinese literature on fish identification. In this study, D. macarellus and D. macrosoma samples were collected in the Eastern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea and reidentified using morphological and DNA barcoding techniques. The characteristics that distinguish the two species primarily include the scute coverage of the straight portion of the lateral line (the most indicative characteristic for classification), the shape of the predorsal scaled area and its location relative to the middle axis of the eye, and the shapes of the posterior margin of the maxilla and the posterior margin of the operculum. The results revealed a large number of misidentified sequences among the homologous cytochrome oxidase (COI) sequences of the two species in the NCBI database and that the genus Decapterus may include cryptic species. In terms of genetic structure, the Sundaland has not blocked genetic exchange between D. macarellus populations in the South China Sea and the Eastern Indian Ocean, giving rise to a high level of genetic diversity. In this study, we made corrections to the Chinese classification standards for D. macarellus and D. macrosoma and the erroneous reference sequences in the NCBI database, thereby providing accurate reference points for the future exploration of cryptic species in the genus Decapterus.

Biological aspect of mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833) in Prigi waters Trenggalek Regency East Java Indonesia

Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) is one of the dominant catches in the Java Sea. Sustainability of Makarel scad resources (D. macarellus) needs to be maintained and managed optimally and sustainably. This research was conducted in Prigi Waters, Trenggalek East Java. starting December 2018 to September 2019 which aims to identify biological aspect and food composition of Mackerel scad (D. macarellus). The method used in this study is descriptive and uses a random sampling method. 1610 fish samples. Acquisition of Total length (TL) mackerel scad (D.macarellus) ranges from 16.8-35 cm and weighs between 42-328 grams. The Growth Pattern on (D. macarellus) is negative Alometric with the equation W =0.0163L 2.8447. The ratio of male and female is 1: 1 The Gonad somatic index\\value is 1.41%. The value of Lm Female is 25,70 cm Lm male 25,92 cm and the value of Lc is 26,68 cm. L∞ Growth Parameter = 38.73, K = 0.77, to = -0.194 years. The composition of mackerel scad in total sampling seen from the index of preponderance consisted of Zooplankton 51% (arthropods, molluscs, cnidaria, annelida, chordata) and 49% phytoplankton (ochrophyta, bacillarophyta, chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, protozoa, ciliopora, cyanophyta)

Investigation on quality of smoked Scad Mackerel (Decapterus ruselli) processed using different fuels

Scad mackerel (Decapterus ruselli) possessed potentiality as a valuable fisheries commodity in Maluku, mainly due to its abundant stock. As commonly found in fisheries products, the scad mackerel is also perishable; besides, the fish has a small quantity of flesh and undesirable taste, which make it receiving rejections from local communities. In light of this constraint, preservation of fish using smoking method is acceptable, enabling to combine heat and chemical substances as product of burning. The experiment aimed at investigating the quality of smoked scad mackerel treated with different fuels. Our experiment was arranged according to completely randomized design with two treatments, i.e. fish forms (whole (A); butterfly (B)) and fuels (coconut shell (1); sawdust (2); coco fiber (3)). The smoked fish was then evaluated for chemical composition (mositure, ash, protein) and preference (appearance, odor, form, texture). The results showed that the highest score for each parameter was achieved in different treatments as follows: appearance of 7,95 (A1), odor of 8,00 (A1), form of 7,0 B3 (7,9), texture of 7,95 (B3), moisture content of 66,68 (B1), ash content of 3,98 (A3) and protein content of 49,89 (B3).

Characteristics of Chinese fish-allergic patients: Findings from double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges

The use of fish extracts in diagnosis is often held back by low specificity,1 varying allergen content in fish extracts,2 and the presence of cross-reactive hypoallergenic parvalbumin isoforms.3 Use of component-resolved diagnostic with Gad c 1 as the generic fish allergy marker overlooks the varying pattern of fish consumption across continents. Perez-Gordo et al4 showed that sole and whiff parvalbumins were the major fish allergens in a Spanish population. Barramundi, salmon, and tuna were the major causative species of fish allergy in Australia,5 whereas mackerel scad and anchovy were major culprits in the Philippines.

Reproductive biology of the mackerel scad Decapterus macarellus from Cabo Verde and the implications for its fishery management

The mackerel scad Decapterus macarellus is of great social and economic importance to Cabo Verde citizens; however, in recent years catches have shown an unexplained decline. The harvest is regulated by way of a minimum legal size and a seasonal closure, with both measures based on the results of reproductive studies that did not consider the microscopic characteristics of the gonads. This study aimed to analyse the gonads microscopically in order to classify the sexual development stage of individuals and to estimate the size at first maturity and the reproductive season. This information was then used to analyse the match between the reproductive parameters and the management measures. The samples comprised 284 females (20–36 cm fork length [FL]) and 85 males (21–35 cm FL). The annual variation in gonadosomatic index and the monthly frequencies of mature phases suggest that the reproductive season occurs from March to October, with two spawning peaks, one in March and another from July to October. The current seasonal closure (from July to September) covers the main reproductive period. However, the species has a long spawning period and the timing of peaks can vary between years; hence, a reassessment of this management measure is recommended. The sizes at first maturity were estimated at 24.1 cm FL for females, and 26.6 cm FL for males. These values are higher than the minimum legal size (20 cm FL) currently established for management of the species at Cabo Verde; thus, we strongly recommend an increase in the minimum legal size in an attempt to reduce catches of immature individuals.

Analysis of natural formaldehyde formation on several types of marine fish circulating in Jakarta

Formaldehyde is dangerous to health because it is a carcinogen that can cause cancer. Jakarta Province has an integrated food control program, namely fish supervision, free from formaldehyde. The test results during the management there were several fish containing formaldehyde, namely moonfish (Lampris guttatus), hardtail scad (Megalaspis cordyla), rank goby (Saurida tumbill), and mackerel scad (Decapterus spp). There is no information regarding the detected formaldehyde in these fish, so this study aims to analyze the natural formaldehyde formation process of the four types of marine fish to ensure that the detected formaldehyde results from addition or naturally occurring. This study also describes how fishers in Jakarta consider environmental factors in the fish handling process. This study used a completely randomized design and ANOVA in determining levels of formaldehyde. The qualitative approach carried out using interviews and observations. The parameters studied were formaldehyde levels, Total Volatile Base (TVB), and Trimethyl Amin (TMA). The results showed that moonfish, hardtail scad, rank goby, and mackerel scad increased natural formaldehyde content during storage, namely 0 mg/kg on day 0 to 6.51 mg/kg on day 18. The formation of natural formaldehyde in the four types of samples during storage in freezing temperature correlates with the degradation process based on the TVB and TMA parameters. Although the fishermen understand that environmental factors determine natural formaldehyde formation in fish, they are not worried because it does not directly impact consumers’ health. Therefore, it is necessary to increase environmental awareness for anglers to maintain consumer health.

Nearshore Fish Aggregating Devices Show Positive Outcomes for Sustainable Fisheries Development in Timor-Leste

Capture fisheries in small island developing states have the capacity to increase access to vital micronutrient-rich food to tackle malnutrition, but when fishers are restricted to nearshore habitats by limited capacity (boats, engines, fishing gear), fisheries production can be low. This is the case of coastal Timor-Leste, where some of the world’s most diverse coral reefs are juxtaposed with one of the world’s most undernourished populations. In these settings, interventions that have successfully improved livelihoods from fishing and reduced threats to biodiversity are rare. Elsewhere in the Pacific, nearshore anchored fish aggregation devices (FADs) have shown success in improving catch rates by making pelagic stocks more accessible to small-scale fishers. Here we test the effects of FADs at increasing capture fish production, by deploying 8 experimental FADs at 4 sites around the country and recorded catch and effort data from FAD and non-FAD fishing trips. We assess the effects of FADs on catch rates and catch assemblage and the rate of 100% return on investment (RoI). The average longevity of FADs was 11 months. Results show a significant positive effect of FADs on catch rates when controlling for random site variation, with FADs paying for themselves in ~5 months or less at 3 out of 4 sites. Across all sites and fishing types, 63 species were identified, but FAD catches significantly reduced overall assemblage diversity, with 3 species (Amblygaster sirm, Decapterus macarellus, Rastrelliger brachysoma) representing 96% of the catch. Despite the relatively short longevity of FADs deployed in Timor-Leste, the fast RoI seen at most sites indicates that FADs are effective in providing livelihood benefits in certain locations. Catch rates were highest where fishers were specialised, invested in FAD fishing, and formed catch sharing groups with access rights to specific FADs. National level investment into a FAD programme by the government could realistically increase overall fish production in the country, thereby improving availability of micronutrient rich fish to combat malnutrition. A deployment program should be coupled with capacity building around group formation and defining access rights to ensure equitable community benefits.

KAJIAN MORFOMETRI DAN MOLEKULER IKAN SELAR MATA BESAR DAN SELAR MATA KECIL YANG DI DARATKAN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA BITUNG

Abstract–Bigeye scad resources which landed at Bitung Oceanic Fishing Port is one of important fish capture in Bitung because its have economic value and second ratings after scad mackerel in product volume. Bigeye scad fish capture was often mixed with another species in fisherman fish capture, so it making difficult to distinguish clearly.The objective of this research are : 1) to indentification bigeye scad in morfology, 2) to analyzemolecular bigeye scad, (3) to evidence the bigeye scad are the same species or not.Sample for the study were collectedfish landing site at Bitung Ocean Fishing Port from December 2015 to March 2016. The methodology of the research is survey research. For data analysis using truss morfometrics, principal component analysis (PCA) and mtDNA region COI. The result of this research indicated that based on the analysis of morphometric characters and PCA, bigeye scad and smalleye scad have differences in morphology, but result of mt DNA-COI analysis indicated those species are the same as Selar crumenophthalmus with similarity value 99,67%. Keywords: bigeye scad, morfometric, mtDNA-COI