Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber Research Articles

Reduction of effective material loss (EML) using decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) for communication applications in the terahertz wave pulse

We present an excellent design of five layers of decagonal shape in the cladding area and two elliptical shapes of core area based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for many types of communiqué arenas in the THz wave pulse in this study. The Finite Element Method with perfectly matched layers used the optical parameters of our proposed D-PCF structure numerically to design and analyze. Therefore, D-PCF shows a low effective material loss of 0.0079 cm−1, an increase in effective area of 3.49 × 10–8 m2, a core power fraction of 85%, a low confinement and scattering loss, of 3.35 × 10–16 and 1.27 × 10–10 dB/km respectively at 1 THz of frequency. After analyses all the graphical results, our proposed D-PCF will be highly suitable for communiqué parts in the THz regions.

Zeonex based decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) in the terahertz (THz) band for chemical sensing applications

In this research work, we have proposed an excellent work combination of five layers spherical shape in cladding area with two layers of same circular shape in rotated-hexa core based decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) and explicated the simulation outcomes for chemicals finding in the terahertz (THz) ranges. The finite element method (FEM) and perfectly matched layers (PML) boundary complaint based on COMSOL Multiphysics has been cast off to design this structure with proper numerical parameters. After the numerical analysis, this fiber shows the high relative sensitivity are 78.56%, 79.76% and 77.51% and low confinement losses are 5.80 × 10−08, 6.02 × 10−08 dB/m and 5.74 × 10−08 dB/m for three chemicals such as Ethanol (n = 1.354), Benzene (n = 1.366) and Water (n = 1.330), respectively at monitoring region of 1 THz. Moreover, other optical properties such as effective mode index (EMI), effective area (EI), the total power fraction (TPF) are highly deliberated with their necessary graphical results. So, it is clearly seen that our suggested decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) will be more appropriate in industrial areas and bio-medicine areas for chemical sensors especially, gas sensors to find potential applications in hospitals, industries and also for environmental monitoring.

Effect of Soft Glass Rod Infiltration in the Core of Photonic Crystal Fiber

AbstractThe effect of core infiltration in the optical properties of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is investigated. The soft glass rod infiltration provides greater refractive index contrast between the core and the cladding. This modification improves the optical properties significantly. Four structures of photonic crystal fiber (Hexagonal, Octagonal, Decagonal and Elliptical) are investigated and a comparative study has been made to observe the difference in the optical properties due to the infiltration. It is observed that, by introducing this infiltration the birefringence is improved up to the order of $10^{-1}$ and a very high negative dispersion coefficient of 7744ps/(km.nm) can be achieved. The birefringence is increased $4.82\times10^{6}$ times in the hexagonal PCF, $5.38\times10^{5}$ times in octagonal PCF, 546 times in decagonal PCF and about 8 times in the elliptical PCF at operating wavelength due to the core infiltration. The positive dispersion of the fiber is eliminated and a very high negative dispersion co-efficient of 7744ps/(km.nm) is achieved in hexagonal PCF, a relatively flattened dispersion is obtained in other cases due to infiltration at operating wavelength. The nonlinearity is increased about 73 times in case of hexagonal PCF and in other cases it is increased about 2 times. The confinement loss is reduced up to the order of $10^{-11}$ due to the infiltration at the operating wavelength of 1550 nm. Another comparative study shows that the introduced fibers outperform most of the recent works with a more simple structure, which reduce fabrication complexity. The numerical investigation of the structures is conducted using full vector finite element method.

High Birefringence and Negative Dispersion Based Modified Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fibers: A Numerical Study

Abstract In this paper, an extremely birefringent PCF based on a modified decagonal (MD-PCF) arrangement is studied for broadband compensation covering the S-, C- and L-communication bands wavelength ranging from 1460 to 1625 nm. It is made known in theory that it is conceivable to attain negative dispersion coefficient about − 448 to − 835 ps/nm/km covering S-, C- and L-communication bands as well as a relative dispersion slope near to single mode fiber (SMF) of 0.0036 nm−1. On the basis of simulation results incorporating finite-element method based COMSOL multiphysics software, birefringence is obtained as high as 1.7 × 10−2, which is definately greater than conventional step-index fiber (SIF) and circular air- holes PCF so far. We also discuss the characteristics of chromatic dispersion, effective area and confinement loss of the designed PCF.

Design and Analysis of Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber with Elliptical air hole core for liquid sensing

In this paper, a decagonal geometry has been designed for liquid sensing. The liquid analytes that are sensed are ethanol, benzene and water as they are the most used analytes in the chemical and biological industries. Firstly, a simple decagonal structure is designed and and sensitivity of this structure is calculated. Then, the core structure is modified and decagonal, octagonal and hexagonal geometries are constructed inside the core with circular holes. Lastly, these circular holes are replaced by elliptical holes. All the designed layouts are analysed and compared. The sensitivity obtained is of the order 40-50 % and confinement loss of order which shows that these structures can be used for sensing ethanol, water and benzene and are reliable. For benzene, water and ethanol, the decagonal structure with core comprised of decagonal geometry, made up of elliptical holes (x as major axis), gives the best results. For this geometry, the values are 1.379, 1.317 and 1.313 for benzene, ethanol and water respectively. The sensitivity values obtained are 51.94%, 46.95%, and 44.45% and confinement loss value is , and respectively.

Designing of highly birefringence, dispersion shifted decagonal photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss

In this article we propose a decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) consisting unique cladding without structural complexity having very high birefringent of the order of 10−2, less effective area of few square microns as well as low confinement loss of the order of 10−2dB/m at 1.55μm wavelength. The zero dispersion wavelength is also achieved in the near infrared region. This study clearly attributes to the fact that the zero dispersion wavelength at the near infrared region, very high birefringence and low confinement loss can be adjusted according to the necessity by changing the structural parameters with considerable fabrication tolerance. This fiber can prove itself useful in laser technology, telecommunication, non-linear application, sensor technology and also in making polarization maintaining devices.

Broadband Dispersion Compensation of Single Mode Fiber by using Modified Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber having High Birefringence

This paper presents a highly birefringent dispersion compensating microstructure modified decagonal photonic crystal fiber for broadband transmission communication system. According to simulation, negative dispersion coefficient of -610 ps/(nm.km) and a relative dispersion slope (RDS) close to that of single mode fiber of about 0.0036 nm-1 with birefringence of the order 2.1×10-2 was obtained at 1550 nm. The variation of structural parameters is also studied to evaluate the tolerance of the fabrication. Moreover, effective area, residual dispersion, effective dispersion, confinement loss, and nonlinear coefficient of the proposed modified decagonal photonic crystal fiber (M-DPCF) are also mentioned and discussed.

Proposal for highly residual dispersion compensating defected core decagonal photonic crystal fiber over S+C+L+U wavelength bands

A defected core decagonal photonic crystal fiber is designed and numerically optimized to obtain its residual chromatic dispersion compensation in the wavelength range of 1460 to 1675 nm i.e., over S+C+L+U wavelength bands having an average dispersion of about −390 ps/(nm km) with a dispersion variation of 7 ps/(nm km). The designed fiber, with a flattened dispersion profile, has four rings of holes in the cladding region, which results in low confinement loss and small effective mode area at wavelength 1550 nm. For residual chromatic dispersion compensation, the proposed fiber can be used in wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber data communication systems.

Dispersion Tolerance of Various Photonic Crystal Fibers

Chromatic dispersion characteristics of optical fibers with near zero magnitude and slope is very important for such applications as optical transmission systems, dispersion compensation, and nonlinear optics. Theoretically-designed dispersion characteristics require a tolerance of ±2% to ensure reasonable dispersion accuracy during the fabrication process. This article describes dispersion accuracy of various photonic crystal fibers due to changes in dimension of the first ring of air-holes, as it is mostly responsible for the slope characteristics of the dispersion curves. It is demonstrated that for identical design parameters octagonal photonic crystal fibers can assume better dispersion accuracy in comparison to other configurations, such as hexagonal photonic crystal fibers, square photonic crystal fibers, and decagonal photonic crystal fibers in a 1.20 to 1.70 µm wavelength. Dispersion tolerance due to the dimension of the first ring of an optimized octagonal photonic crystal fiber is also investigated. It is found that the optimized octagonal fiber can also assume promising dispersion tolerance to dimension of the first ring with ultra-flattened characteristics in the 1.20 to 1.70 µm wavelength range.

Design of a Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber for Ultra-Flattened Chromatic Dispersion

This paper describes near-zero ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion and low confinement loss that can be achieved from a decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF). The finite difference method with anisotropic perfectly matched boundary layer (PML) is used for the numerical analysis. It is demonstrated that it is possible to design a four-ring D-PCF with ultra-flattened dispersion of 0 ± 0.69 ps/(nm-km) in a 1.30 to 1.75 μm wavelength range and 0 ± 0.22 ps/(nm-km) in a 1.35 to 1.65 μm wavelength range with very low confinement losses of order 0.0011 dB/km. The proposed D-PCF shows promising dispersion tolerance.