Dead Battery Research Articles

All-in-All: Dead Lithium-Ion Battery to Active Lithium-Ion Capacitor.

Here, we have developed lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) with all the components, except the electrolyte solution, effectively recycled from the spent Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Hybrid capacitors, such as LICs, are potential breakthroughs in electrochemical energy storage devices, where most research is focused. These devices can simultaneously guarantee high energy and power by hybridizing battery-type and capacitive-type electrodes with two different reaction mechanisms. We have successfully upcycled the graphite, current collector, separator, etc., from the spent LIBs to fabricate a high-performance LIC. Our LIC consists of recovered graphite (RG) coated over recovered copper foil as an anode, recycled polypropylene as the separator, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesized from RG as the cathode. The RG half-cell exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 302 mAh g-1 even after 75 charge-discharge cycles with a coulombic efficiency of >99 %. The Li/rGO displayed remarkable cycling performance for over 1000 cycles with high stability and reversibility. Subsequently, the pre-lithiated RG (p-RG) electrode is paired with the rGO electrode under the balanced loading conditions to construct LIC, rGO/p-RG, delivering a maximum energy density of 185 Wh kg-1 with ultra-long durability of more than 10,000 cycles. The possibility of LIC under different climatic conditions is also explored, and its remarkable performance under various temperature conditions is worth mentioning.

Multi-agent reinforcement learning framework based on information fusion biometric ticketing data in different public transport modes

In smart cities, biometric technologies have become extensively used for ticket authentication on public transport. Information fusion plays a key role in biometric ticketing, allowing ticket validation with more data source validation in different public transport modes. This paper proposes a novel biometric technology-based mobile ticket application-based system. We formulate the problem as a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for biometric ticketing in multi-transport environments. Specifically, we propose the Asynchronous Advantage Critic Biometric Ticketing Framework (A3CBTF) algorithm, which consists of different schemes based on the proposed system. The proposed algorithm framework operates in hybrid transport modes using a parallel reinforcement learning scheme. A key advantage of A3CBTF is that it enables passengers to use a single ticket for various public transport modes. Additionally, even when a passenger’s mobile device is stolen, lost, or has a dead battery, they can still validate their tickets through different information fusion sources, such as fingerprint and face recognition. A3CBTF is a multi-agent system that integrates mobile, transport, edge, and cloud servers to facilitate ticket validation in a distributed environment. By optimizing both convex and concave optimizations, A3CBTF ensures efficient ticket validation with minimal processing time and maximizes validation rewards across different biometric technologies. Experimental results demonstrate that A3CBTF outperforms mobile off with other options such as fingerprint and face recognition in public transport as compared to other ticketing systems.

User-directed Assembly Code Transformations Enabling Efficient Batteryless Arduino Applications

The time for battery-free computing is now. Lithium mining depletes and pollutes local water supplies and dead batteries in landfills leak toxic metals into the ground[20][12]. Battery-free devices represent a probable future for sustainable ubiquitous computing and we will need many more new devices and programmers to bring that future into reality. Yet, energy harvesting and battery-free devices that frequently fail are challenging to program. The maker movement has organically developed a considerable variety of platforms to prototype and program ubiquitous sensing and computing devices, but only a few have been modified to be usable with energy harvesting and to hide those pesky power failures that are the norm from variable energy availability (platforms like Microsoft's Makecode and AdaFruit's CircuitPython). Many platforms, especially Arduino (the first and most famous maker platform), do not support energy harvesting devices and intermittent computing. To bridge this gap and lay a strong foundation for potential new platforms for maker programming, we build a tool called BOOTHAMMER: a lightweight assembly re-writer for ARM Thumb. BOOTHAMMER analyzes and rewrites the low-level assembly to insert careful checkpoint and restore operations to enable programs to persist through power failures. The approach is easily insertable in existing toolchains and is general-purpose enough to be resilient to future platforms and devices/chipsets. We close the loop with the user by designing a small set of program annotations that any maker coder can use to provide extra information to this low-level tool that will significantly increase checkpoint efficiency and resolution. These optional extensions represent a way to include the user in decision-making about energy harvesting while ensuring the tool supports existing platforms. We conduct an extensive evaluation using various program benchmarks with Arduino as our chosen evaluation platform. We also demonstrate the usability of this approach by evaluating BOOTHAMMER with a user study and show that makers feel very confident in their ability to write intermittent computing programs using this tool. With this new tool, we enable maker hardware and software for sustainable, energy-harvesting-based computing for all.

Public knowledge of button battery ingestions: A social media based cross-sectional analysis

IntroductionButton battery (BB) ingestion injuries are a devastating and preventable event within the pediatric population. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of esophageal button battery ingestion injuries include primary preventative measures. It is integral to assess the public's baseline knowledge about BB injuries to tailor future primary prevention efforts. MethodsThis is a crowdsourcing survey-based study. Participants were notified through our institution's Twitter and Instagram accounts. ResultsThere were 930 completed survey responses from May to June 2022. The survey found that 87% (791/910) knew that swallowing a BB could cause injury and 71% knew that it could cause death (642/905). Eight-five percent of respondents did not know what signs and symptoms to look for after BB ingestion, only 30% (99/340) of healthcare professionals felt they would know. Only 10.1% (94/930) of participants knew to give children over 12 months old honey after suspected BB ingestion. Thirty-four percent (311/930) knew that complications could still occur even after BB were removed. Seventy-seven percent (719/930) knew that a dead BB could cause injury but only 17% knew the correct way to dispose of a dead button battery (158/930). Only 8% (72/930) of participants were knew that wrapping dead BB in tape could potentially prevent injury. ConclusionThe current study reveals gaps in the public's understanding of BB injury including: the presentation of BB injuries; the delayed harm of BB impactions; management and mitigation strategies, and BB disposal methods. This survey provided imperative insights to help guide future education and primary prevention initiatives. Level of evidence3.

Energy Efficient Quantum-Informed Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms for Industrial Internet of Things

One of the most prominent research areas in information technology is the Internet of things (IoT) as its applications are widely used such as structural monitoring, health care management systems, agriculture and battlefield management, and so on. Due to its self-organizing network and simple installation of the network, the researchers have been attracted to pursue research in the various fields of IoTs. However, a huge amount of work has been addressed on various problems confronted by IoT. The nodes densely deploy over critical environments and those are operated on tiny batteries. Moreover, the replacement of dead batteries in the nodes is almost impractical. Therefore, the problem of energy preservation and maximization of IoT networks has become the most prominent research area. However, numerous state-of-the-art algorithms have addressed this issue. Thus, it has become necessary to gather the information and send it to the base station in an optimized method to maximize the network. Therefore, we propose a novel quantum-informed ant colony optimization (ACO) routing algorithm with the efficient encoding scheme of cluster head selection and derivation of information heuristic factors. The algorithm has been tested by simulation for various network scenarios. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm show its efficacy over a few existing evolutionary algorithms using various performance metrics such as residual energy of the network, network lifetime, and the number of live IoT nodes.

An Overview of the Need for Circular Economy on Electric Vehicle Batteries

Batteries are a widely utilized and simple method for powering electronic devices, particularly given the prevalence of individuals traveling to all gadgets. The escalating adoption of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices has led to a surge in the demand for lithium-ion batteries. Consequently, this has given rise to supply uncertainties in acquiring essential minerals such as lithium and cobalt, along with concerns about the proper disposal of dead batteries. The existing methods for battery recycling exhibit variations based on the individual chemistries of the batteries, hence influencing both cost factors and greenhouse gas emissions. Simultaneously, there exists a possibility for repurposing depleted batteries for low-tier energy storage applications. The absence of legislation pertaining to the secure storage and handling of waste streams contributes to the accumulation of refuse in exposed environments and the release of hazardous substances from landfills. In addition, contemporary battery manufacturing methods necessitate the utilization of innovative substances, such as ionic liquids for electrolytes and nanostructures for cathodes, to enhance the energy characteristics and longevity of batteries. The presence of uncertainties regarding the accurate assessment of the environmental consequences associated with novel battery chemicals has the potential to impede efforts aimed at recycling and containment. The objective of this analysis is to consolidate the existing knowledge regarding battery pollutants, both those that are recognized and those that remain uncertain, and to assess their potential environmental impacts. Additionally, this research aims to examine the current strategies and methods employed for the recycling of batteries in the circular economy.

Evaluation of Electric and Air-Powered Shopping Scooters in Grocery Stores.

The purpose of this study was to further previous research and gather additional information regarding the usage of motorized shopping scooters as well as feedback for improvements to an air-powered scooter. Online surveys were used to assess individuals' shopping characteristics and experience using the motorized scooters and to gather feedback from store employees regarding their experience. K-Means clustering analysis was used to determine user demographics who chose to use the air-powered scooter versus the electric-powered scooter while shopping. A total of 127 individuals provided informed consent, 65 individuals from site 1 and 62 individuals from site 2. One hundred twenty participants met the inclusion criteria and completed the survey. K-Means clustering found that age, type of personal mobility device, shopping bill total, and frequency using a motorized shopping scooter to be significant factors in whether individuals chose to use an air-powered scooter or electric-powered scooter. Motorized shopping scooters are in high demand and used by a wide variety of individuals, yet electric-powered scooters are commonly unavailable because of having dead batteries or all the devices being in use. Air-powered scooters may serve as a practical replacement for the current electric-powered scooters found in grocery and retail stores.

BATTERY CHARGING PERFORMANCE USING 12 VOLTS SOLAR POWER LINE SOURCE

This study analysed battery charging performance using 12 volts PV cells and a designed system. Specifically, this: 1) analysed battery charging performance: a) at varying amount of cloud cover in the atmosphere; b) with different capacity of solar battery, and 2) This analysed voltage behaviour during battery relaxation. It designed a system with four 12V, 100W and three 12V, 50W solar panels in parallel to produce 12V, 550W power output. The system was used to analyse voltage behaviour in charging two 12V, 100AH batteries, one is a dead while other is functional. Voltage reading was done using the open circuit voltage (OCV). The behaviour of voltage in charging of two batteries were interpreted through the derived mathematical model and by differentiation. It was found that the designed system of collecting energy is capable of charging 12V, 100AH battery within four hours when the atmosphere is cloudy and is shorten to two hours in clear atmosphere even if the charging time is started at early 6:00AM. However, the event is not applicable for the dead battery. During battery relaxation the battery is in equilibrium situation within four hours noting that the voltage reading does not change while it is decreasing in dead battery.

Energy Harvesting for Wireless IoT Use Cases: A Generic Feasibility Model and Tradeoff Study

A battery-less IoT offers a sustainable alternative to battery-powered IoT devices, which produce billions of dead batteries every year. Devices are instead powered by a small supercapacitor, which is recharged by a renewable energy source. However, since IoT devices are often characterized by intermittent periods of high energy consumption followed by periods of reduced activity, conventional average energy consumption models can not be used to assess if an IoT devices can be powered by energy harvesters. Therefore, this paper presents an alternative feasibility evaluation approach that focuses on modeling the worst-case periods with peak energy consumption and short idle times, which pose the highest constraints on the capacitor’s behavior. This approach simplifies the characterization of the wireless technology energy consumption as these worst-case periods can be determined by a few parameters. The methodology is then applied to combinations of popular IoT technologies (LoRaWAN, BLE Mesh, and 6TiSCH) and energy sources (solar, kinetic, and radio frequency energy) for two common IoT use cases. We show that the proposed parameters can be successfully extracted with power measurements for different network configurations and that the Power Management Unit configuration has a non-negligible impact on the communication requirements. Finally, we discuss how to apply the model to other technologies and other use cases.

A Distributed Clustering Scheme for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: A sensor node, also known as an Alfeo (mainly in North America), is a sensor network node capable of processing, collecting sensor data, and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. Alpheus is a node, but a node is not always a point. Each sensor node has a microprocessor and some memory. In addition, each sensor node has one or more sensor devices such as acoustic sensors, microphone arrays, and video cameras, infrared, seismic or magnetic sensors. However, dead batteries in sensor nodes are difficult to replace. A typical sensor node consumes part of its energy during wireless communication. This research paper proposes to develop a well estimated distributed clustering model for dense wireless sensor network fields that provides improved performance over the existing clustering algorithm LEACH. The two robbery concepts behind the proposed system are the hierarchical distributed clustering mechanism and the threshold concept. Energy consumption is significantly reduced, which significantly extends the life of sensor nodes

Battery Management System to Find Accurate Timing

Abstract: Any nation's financial growth is largely determined by its availability of energy. The rapid expansion of the manufacturing, automobile, and residential sectors over the preceding few decades led to an increase in global electricity consumption. For electrical vehicles to be safe, they need a Battery Management System (BMS), which controls the electronics of a chargeable battery. The consumer and the battery are both safeguarded by ensuring that the mobile phone operates within its safe operating parameters. The battery's State of Health (SOH) is displayed on the BMS video display, which also collects data, controls external factors that have an effect on the mobile phone, and balances them to maintain a consistent voltage across all cells. It might have more features and capabilities to provide information about the battery's energy state. The tool can intelligently conserve energy by utilizing these facts. In this project, work was done using a system learning method to find the voltage that was exceeded while the battery was being charged. Because it only has a battery and an electric motor rather than a combustion engine and gas tank, the structure of an electric car is simpler and easier to control at the factor level. Instead of charging the entire battery collection, we will identify the battery that needs to be charged. This will allow us to save you from having to replace dead batteries and may also prevent damage from occurring to them. We can ensure that the batteries are charging and discharging appropriately by anticipating the issue using the available datasets.

Electrochemical Reactivation of Dead Li2 S for Li-S Batteries in Non-Solvating Electrolytes.

The use of non-solvating, or as-called sparingly-solvating, electrolytes (NSEs), is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to the obstacles to the practical applications of Li-S batteries. However, it remains a puzzle that long-life Li-S batteries have rarely, if not never, been reported with NSEs, despite their good compatibility with Li anode. Here, we find the capacity decay of Li-S batteries in NSEs is mainly due to the accumulation of the dead Li2 S at the cathode side, rather than the degradation of the anodes or electrolytes. Based on this understanding, we propose an electrochemical strategy to reactivate the accumulated Li2 S and revive the dead Li-S batteries in NSEs. With such a facile approach, Li-S batteries with significantly improved cycling stability and accelerated dynamics are achieved with diglyme-, acetonitrile- and 1,2-dimethoxyethane-based NSEs. Our finding may rebuild the confidence in exploiting non-solvating Li-S batteries with practical competitiveness.

The Rendezvous Mission of Two in-Orbit Sattelites Using Numerical Simulation

In this work, a rendezvous of two satellites is considered. The active satellite approaches the passive satellite for a remote partial recharge of the passive spacecraft’s dead battery. In the first case, the active and passive spacecraft are in geocentric circular orbits, having an altitude of 499.9 km and 500 km, respectively. It is assumed that the rendezvous is unperturbed and the rendezvous plane coincides with the plane of the passive satellite’s orbit. Close-range guidance starts as soon as the sensor on the active spacecraft recognizes the passive spacecraft. A method implementing the line of sight is used for the close-range guidance process. A mathematical model of the relative motion is formed and numerically solved to investigate the rendezvous parameters against time. For solving the model, different values of 499.9, 499.8, 499.7 km are considered as the initial orbit altitude of the active spacecraft, assuming that the angle between state vectors of the spacecraft has a small value of 0.01 degrees. The results show that the active spacecraft with an initial altitude of 499.7 km approaches the passive spacecraft to a distance of 80 meters in less than 50 seconds, where a final velocity impulse is needed to maintain this distance.

Towards sustainable vehicular transport: Empirical assessment of battery swap technology adoption in China

Battery swap technology (BST) is an innovative means of mitigating range satisfaction in using electric vehicles (EVs), advancing decarbonized vehicular transport, and enhancing environmental sustainability. The readily replaceable dead battery pack is swapped with an already charged one at a Battery Swapping Station (BSS) rather than connecting to a charger. Research is yet to pay attention to what motivates and influences BST adoption. There is a need to understand users' acceptance of the battery swap technology as it is fundamental to carbon emission reduction, sustainable transport, and EV proliferation. The research examines the psychological variables that affect battery swap technology adoption. The study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) with knowledge, risk and safety concerns, and convenience. Hypothetical assertions were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on 405 survey responses. The results revealed that attitude, convenience, perceived usefulness, and knowledge positively influenced the intention to adopt BST for EVs. Risk and safety concerns adversely affected intention significantly. Risk and safety concerns, convenience, and knowledge were mediated by perceived usefulness and attitude. The research findings offer practical policy recommendations to policymakers and industry players to enhance the popularity, maximum usage, expansion, and growth of battery swap technology.

Guts, no glory.

The clock shows 3:18. It hasn’t read anything different all week. It’s a tacky black and white clock, like you find in a dollar store, complete with dead batteries. Where is the nurse? I think it is my fifth night here, or is it my sixth? It doesn’t really matter. I haven’t left my room

The origin of capacity fluctuation and rescue of dead Mn-based Zn–ion batteries: a Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol

We propose an objective Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol and a recusing strategy for dead Mn-based Zn-ion batteries. The findings would provide new insights to understand the electrochemical behaviors more comprehensively.

Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy to Investigate Structural Changes in 2D Supercapacitor Electrode during Cycling

The long cycle life of the energy storage devices depends on the structural and chemical stability of the electrode material used. Developing energy storage devices with a longer cycle life helps in avoiding frequent replacement of the devices, cuts down cost of replacing and recycling dead batteries and supercapacitors. This makes the cycle life to be a vital parameter to focus on developing efficient energy storage devices. Supercapacitors, an electrochemical energy storage device has important characteristics of high-power density, fast charging, and long cycle life. Most of the electrode materials used in supercapacitor undergo surface, structural and chemical changes during cycling which leads to change in the capacitance retained. A thorough qualitative analysis is important to investigate the reason behind these changes occurring at the electrode. We employed a surface analysis tool such as Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to probe the reason behind capacitance change of a two-dimensional (2D) electrode during cycling. We investigated the cycling performance of 2D electrode material, tungsten disulfide (WS2) via KPFM and Raman studies. The results obtained via KPFM revealed that during cycling, WS2 layers develop strain due to intercalation/deintercalation of electrolyte ions. This leads to increase in the available electrochemical active sites leading to increased capacitance. The charge contribution studies revealed that the strain in the WS2 layers led to increased redox charge storage behavior of the electrode during cycling. Such qualitative studies will benefit in understanding the reason behind the structural changes during cycling and will help in developing highly efficient and long-lasting energy storage devices. This study can be further extended to other electrode materials employed in supercapacitor as well as batteries.

Applied hearing aids and signal processing for aural (re-)habilitation

Students who complete undergraduate aural (re-)habilitation courses in the speech and hearing science are generally interested in going into speech-language pathology, and in lower numbers, audiology, healthcare or education. A fundamental concept that students learn in this course is the applied relation among speech acoustics, signal processing, and hearing loss. I have incorporated an in-class hearing aid laboratory to provide students with the opportunity to (1) handle hearing aids, understand their components and accessories; (2) troubleshoot basic problems with hearing aids (e.g., dead battery, acoustic feedback) that they might encounter in clinical or educational settings (e.g., therapy session, classroom, nursing home, etc.); and (3) listen to hearing aids to determine what speech frequency ranges are influenced when settings are changed and how this relates to a listener’s hearing loss and their access to the speech spectrum. The lab is carried out in small groups with both current hearing aids and older models that allow students to change the frequency spectrum without a computer (e.g., screw sets that adjust the gain in specific frequency ranges), so that the lab can easily be completed in class following lectures introducing the material.

Modeling Student Effort: Flat Tires and Dead Batteries

This article develops a student effort model that considers several uncertainties students face: the chance of missing an exam as well as the uncertainty associated with translating knowledge into an exam grade. The model suggests that student effort increases when makeup exams are offered and when grading protocols are adopted that reduce knowledge-to-grade frictions; effects on student utility depend on time endowments, and leisure preferences. JEL Classifications: A20, D81, I21

Environmental impact of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are used for energy storage and as an energy source in a wide range of applications from small handheld to powering consumer-driven vehicles. With the global change from fuel-based vehicles to electric vehicles and the rise in use of batteries for other functions, it is imperative to start considering industrial-scale recycling of spent batteries to recover the critical components and reduce the ecological footprint generated by untreated disposal of the batteries. The present work was carried with the objective to check the environmental impact of leaching with mild phosphoric acid by using the material and energy flow data obtained from laboratory experiments. Lithium and cobalt were recovered from dead cell phone batteries that were composed of Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2) on aluminum foils as cathodes and graphite on copper foils as anodes. The mass and energy flow data from the experiments performed were tabulated and used for the estimation of the environmental impact by executing a Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) using Umberto NXT universal software with ReCiPe (endpoint) method of analysis.