De Accion Research Articles

On testing the changes in trends of stock market index and rates

Calibration of interest rate models benefits from grouping data to homogenous classes. Such an approach is typical in many financial time series. Preliminaries have been developed for Cox–Ingersoll–Ross models but this issue remains an open problem for many more realistic interest rate models. Here we develop such a strategy for general class interest rate and classes are based on p-value thresholds for testing for normality and gamma distributions. We use as the benchmark financial series of Chilean stock market index IPSA (Indice de precios selectivo de acciones) and its log-returns. We also study the relationship between interest rate and the market returns represented by the IPSA indicator, with positive correlation in some lags which reveals some interesting facts in the contrary to the conventional theory.

Stochastic approach to heterogeneity in short-time announcement effects on the Chilean stock market indexes within 2016-2019

We aim to examine stock market returns before and after key events in the U.S. Sino trades between 2016 and 2019. The study tracks Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) of the Índice de Precio Selectivo de Acciones (IPSA or S&P/CLX IPSA is a Chilean stock market index) for 26 important events throughout this time period. By testing for both directions and significance of market reaction to said events this study aims to clarify if these events and policy announcements were sufficient to influence local equity markets, and in which direction. A simple analysis of CAR showed 16 negative reactions and 10 Positive reactions. An estimated 13 billion USD in market capitalization was lost as a result. Of the 26 events studied 18 were found to produce statistically significant reactions and 8 did not. The IPSA’s reaction to the significant events was mixed with 11 negative reactions and 7 positive reactions. We also checked for the normality of the distribution by robust normality tests and expected returns possess significant asymmetry and above-normal kurtosis. As such on aggregate it can be concluded that Chilean capital markets reacted negatively to the U.S. Sino trade war. We model IPSA in the period 2016–2022, where we can observe qualitative differences before and after 2019. To the best knowledge of the authors, the model of IPSA in this article is the first attempt in this direction.

Difundir y convencer. La propaganda radialduranteel Plan de Emergencia Económica del peronismo(1952)

This article studies the production of radio propaganda by the Peronist government during 1952, the time of the presentation and implementation of the Plan de Emergencia Economica. In the midst of an economic crisis and growing political tension scenario, Juan Domingo Peron’s administration presented an economic program that meant a shift in the orientation implemented up to that moment. The government used the production of radio propaganda to disseminate the measures that the Plan de Emergencia Economica implied, and to convince the population to adopt a range of new practices and habits. The actions of the Division de Accion Radial, part of the Subsecretaria de Informaciones, are explained, and we analyze two radio productions developed to enhance the impact of the economic Plan presentation. For this purpose, a variety of documentary sources are used, such as radio broadcast audios, scripts, state documentation, newspapers, as well as film and radio magazines. We tackle a key feature for the construction of hegemony of Peronism that was little explored, such as radio, and the relations that the Peronist government established with that media.

Motor imagery and action observation for predictive control in developmental coordination disorder.

In 2019, international clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) were published. Informing our understanding of mechanisms, recent systematic reviews have shown that children with DCD have difficulties with the predictive control of movements, including aspects of motor planning, which is expressed as the internal modeling deficit hypothesis. This motor control deficit is most evident when the spatial and temporal demands of a task increase. An increasing number of empirical studies suggest that motor planning problems can be remediated through training based on one or a combination of motor imagery and action observation. In this review, we show evidence of motor planning problems in children with DCD and show that task demands or complexity affects its appearance. Implications of these findings are treatments based on motor imagery and action observation to remediate motor planning issues. The article concludes with recommendations for future research.

Avanzando en cultura de seguridad del paciente: propuesta de acciones concretas

Avanzando en cultura de seguridad del paciente: propuesta de acciones concretas

“Joining up the dots”: Integrated care as an element of the Andalusian public health strategy

Introduction: “The notion of integrated care has begun to recognise the need to take a more population-oriented approach to promote public health, prevent ill-health and secure wellbeing for populations. Yet, for the most part, public health has remained somewhat separate to the planning and purchasing of health and social care services and, as a result, public health interventions have often tended to operate in separate silos to traditional care provision” Goodwin and Ferrer 2017. Hence, there have been calls for those involved in integrated care and public health to 'join up the dots' Alderwick et al., 2015. Description of policy context and objective: The Autonomous Community of Andalucia is widely recognised for having led the public health agenda in Spain, having embraced over time the “Health in all policies” through different policies and interventions, aiming at reducing health disparities and promoting health assets IV Health Plan, 2014. This agenda has crystallised into transformative interventions such as the Local Health Action Network Red de Accion Local en Salud, RELAS - which promotes the development of local public health plans under the leadership of local authorities – or the Strategy to support people suffering from high adversity situations RED AL LADO, that redefines care pathways by working with care professionals, patient associations and the community. The notion and goal of care coordination and health and social care collaboration has been debated in Andalucia since the 1980s, frequently intertwining with the public health agenda. Many policies, strategies and interventions had been developed within the integrated care objective: actually, there is a long list of integrated care interventions from Andalusia registered as best practices at the Spanish Observatory on Integrated Care OMIS. However, these efforts had not translated into formal coordination structures or been framed into the wider public health strategy. Highlights: In 2017, the Andalusian Health Department has started the formulation of an integrated care framework that latches onto its broader public health agenda. The framework builds upon the contributions and initiatives that have been developed over the years, including the development and adoption of integrated clinical pathways procesos asistenciales integrados, the expansion of the role of nursing care managers, the production of different narratives for person-centred coordinated care see, for example, the 2002 PAI Ataque Cerebrovascular or the integrated health information systems. The presentation will describe the ongoing initiative, which includes the development of the bases for the Andalusian integrated care model and a person-centred integrated care narrative through collaborative and inclusive processes. Conclusions: At the time of the ICIC18, a local pilot will be launched, so the authors hope to be able to present preliminary insights of progress, challenges and strategies being developed.

Pilot study and key feasibility factors of a staff training intervention and reduction of antipsychotic prescription practice in Mexican urban care homes: study protocol.

Background: In a context of rapid population ageing and increase in chronic illnesses including dementia in Mexico, there is a need to develop long-term care strategies in order to improve the quality of life, people affected by dementia and the people that care for them. In 2015, the prevalence of dementia in Mexico was 6.1% and it is estimated to reach to over 1.5 million by the year 2030, posing a great challenge to formal and informal caregivers. In 2014, Mexico developed a Dementia Strategy National Plan (Plan de Accion Alzheimer y otras demencias) and the objectives eight and nine of it aims to train the care work force on non-pharmacological and health professionals in care homes, and improve the appropriate antipsychotic prescription to treat challenging behavior respectively. Previous UK-based studies have been successful in training staff and health professionals by optimizing the prescription of antipsychotic medication and by implementing psychosocial interventions to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms associated to dementia. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop PROCUIDA-Demencia (in Spanish: Programa para el Cuidado Optimo en Demencia), a staff training package. Methods: A randomized controlled mixed methods feasibility study in eight care homes (N=500 beds approximately). The goal of the study is to investigate a set of interventions to promote psychosocial activities and review antipsychotic medication to treat Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of dementia. This is a twelve weeks and follow up study that involves the development of the staff training package for Mexican care homes (PROCUIDA-Demencia) based on two arms: Staff Training with PROCUIDA-Demencia vs Treatment as Usual (TAU). Conclusions: If feasible, PROCUIDA-Demencia Staff Training Model could be developed in a larger an easy-to-use set of therapies that benefit cognition, behavior, mood and quality of life in individuals with Dementia, and to staff in care homes across Mexico. It is expected that the results will provide the base for establishing a larger randomised control trial.

Radical Political Unionism as a Strategy for Revitalization in Argentina

The grassroots union experiment undertaken at the Lear automotive parts factory in Argentina can be seen as a paradigmatic struggle for an understanding of the relationship between unionism and politics. The Lear case reveals that the distinctiveness of radical political unionism lies in the democratic elements of its decision making and its appeal to direct action, its construction of alliances with other social organizations, its linkage of economic demands with broader political objectives, its identification of the management, the state, and the union bureaucracy as adversaries, and its transmission of a leftist political culture. La experiencia sindical de la fábrica de autopartes Lear en Argentina puede ser analizada como un conflicto paradigmático para comprender la relación entre sindicalismo y política. El caso de Lear revela que el carácter distintivo del sindicalismo político radical se encuentra en los mecanismos democráticos de toma de decisiones y en la apelación a medidas de acción directa, la construcción de alianzas con otras organizaciones sociales, la vinculación de las demandas económicas con objetivos políticos más amplios, la identificación de la empresa, el Estado y la burocracia sindical como adversarios y la transmisión de una cultura política de izquierda.

El enfoque flipped learning en estudios de magisterio: percepción de los alumnos

In this paper, we analyze the students' perception of a university teaching-learning strategy, with a flipped learning approach, in the development of the subject Orientacion educativa y plan de accion tutorial del Grado de Educacion Primaria. The 21st century skills proposed by Fullan (2013) and known as the six Cs (Character, Communication, Collaboration, Citizenship, Critical Thinking and Creativity) are used as a frame of reference. An experimental design of two groups, with a non-equivalent control group, has been used to analyze the students' perceptions of their learning in a conventional teaching environment and under a flipped environment based on m-learning. The differences found were statistically significant in all the analyzed dimensions, with favorable increases in the experimental methodology in all cases. The differences in Citizenship, Character, and Communication are of particular relevance. The analysis of the items reveals some difficulties in the functional literacy of students in the use of digital technology to improve their learning. Likewise, it is evident that the active methodologies improve, according to the perception of the students, the skills development, and learning. It is confirmed the hypothesis proposed in this study that the use of m-learning with a pedagogical approach centered on learning, with active methodologies, is a support that improves the development of the competences of the 21st century and, specifically, those described as the 6C's.

Jefe, delegado, aspirante y grupo en la Juventud de Acción Católica Argentina (JAC), 1940-1950

This study deals with how the profile of young Catholic activists was constructed within the ranks of the Juventud de Accion Catolica (JAC) in the 1940s and the 1950s, based on a set of publications for the training of the jacistas. The experience undergone by the Catholic youth is defined in terms of a prescriptive cosmovision about the earthly world, the spiritual world, and eternal life that was implicit in the language, the mentalities, and the representations of this world of shared beliefs. The focus is on the discursive/formative constructs of the groups and their respective hierarchies –heads, delegates and candidates– who would renew Catholicism’s ability to re-Christianize society under the precepts of the Catholic Church in the future. In a society dominated by the political engineering of liberal policies, the alleged danger of Marxism, and the expansion of capitalist consumption, youth was conceived of in terms of vitality, renewal, and spiritual strength.

El planteamiento socioeducativo en el trabajo con personas mayores. El punto de vista de los profesionales

Within this article, we deal with the perception of getting elder and the possibilities and limits of social and educational work with elderly people from a professional view which bring to bear their work within that collectivity, mainly trying to answer the following question: which educational model will be more appropriate so as to answer the interests and vital motivations of elderly people? It was carried out into 13 social centres joined to the “Instituto Murciano de Accion Social de la Comunidad Autonoma de Murcia” and centres for elderly people who depend on municipal institutions, trying to obtain a maximum geographical representation. A qualitative methodology has been chosen, by achieving 30 semiorganized interviews from the key points which have been taking into account throughout observation entries, reports and document analysis. Among the results which have been obtained, we point out that the educational model which is more appropriate to deal with within the elderly collectivity would do well in a sociocritical and hermeneutic stage throughout a communal process of qualitative learning which would be focused on the needs and interests of those elderly people.

Determinants of ownership concentration in the Chilean stock market

This paper analyses econometrically the determinants of ownership concentration in the Chilean stock market, paying particular attention to the effects of the Public Tender Offer Act (Ley de Ofertas Publicas de Adquisicion de Acciones). Although the Public Tender Offer Act achieves its central purpose, the tender mechanism increases the concentration of ownership, mainly because of the residual tender offer obligation for which the Act provides. In addition, the study has found significant opposite responses between the controlling shareholder and the next two largest shareholders, which should sound a warning for international comparisons based on a common measure of ownership concentration that do not take account of the ownership structures characterizing Latin American markets. These aspects must be considered if the regulatory goals aimed at by minority shareholder protection bills are to be achieved.

The Problem of Determining the Energy Mix: from the Portfolio Theory to the Reality of Energy Planning in the Spanish Case

1. Introduction Sorting out the energy problem, which deals with the access to a quality energy at an affordable cost and with due respect for the environment, becomes a key point in the agenda of many governments. In fact, the recent adoption of the European directive 2009/28 CE expressly mentions the commitment of each member state in the common European energy policy. Hence, the action plans established by states lay down a series of annual targets for the implementation and development of renewable energy generation. Should any country solve its energy needs efficiently, this fact would increase its competitiveness within its territory and make it a receiver of productive investment. The Spanish energy situation has historically been characterized by a high energy dependency and a low degree of self-sufficiency, which added to the limited capacity of terrestrial electricity interconnection with Europe (across France), Spain is considered as an energy island. On the one hand, the imported petroleum products are substantial, and, on the other hand, the contribution of domestic products on the structure of energy consumption is low. These two features are specific to the Spanish energy history, and it is not until 2004 when there is a certain improvement in this aspect. The application of efficiency and energetic planning on renewable technologies increased the share of renewable energies for covering the domestic demand, and this increased energy self-sufficiency. Eguiagaray (2008) argues that the security of supply, the environmental dimension--with regard to production and use of energy-sources--, and specific management processes of energy production and consumption are dimensions of socio-economic impact on the energy problem. Apart from these aspects, it should be pointed out that electricity generation of primary energy involves a series of intractable disturbances: the existence of externalities (social and environmental, mostly), conditioning of domestic and industrial consumption depending on availability, and unequal dependence on sources of energy that have an impact on a different level of supply security. Supply risks range from the availability of fuels, the variation in costs, wrong energy policies, political instability, etc. All this indicates that achieving the best set of technologies of electricity production becomes crucial for any country. Here is where arises the Portfolio Theory as an applicable methodology for finding those efficient combinations of electricity assets. The application of risk-return analysis to the set of technologies which operate in a territory is possible as long as that country is able to generate electricity efficiently. There is a great number of studies, all of them using the Portfolio Theory as a basis and trying to incorporate consistent methodological innovations: Awerbuch and Yang (2007) on Europe and Doherty et al. (2005) on Ireland, taking both reference the 2020 horizon. Krey Zweifel (2006) and the Swiss and American case in 2003, Roques et al. (2008) study the British case, Awerbuch et al. (2008) the Scottish case with 2010 horizon and Jansen et al. (2006) the Dutch case which has 2030 horizon. On the role of renewable energies, Munoz et al. (2009) studied the Spanish development in the period 2005-2010 using the maximization of Sharpe index approach. While there are many contributions made by experts in the form of studies, such as those mentioned, only a few States apply or incorporate their advice on energy policy. The Government of Spain has just made public the draft of the Plan de Accion Nacional de Energias Renovables--PANER-for the 2011-2020 horizon. This plan was born in response to the directive 2009/28 CE for the development of renewable energies. This scheme sets some energetic targets to be fulfilled by the Spanish state; the generation of electricity is included among them. This new plan replaces the Plan de Energias Renovables--PER--(2005-2010). …

The Environmentalism of the Rich and the Privatization of Nature

As social property and resources formerly open to common use, such as beaches and coastal lakes, have been privately appropriated, an environmental discourse has arisen among national and transnational elites that justifies this appropriation in terms of conservation and even shapes environmental policies for their benefit. One example is the creation of natural protected areas in zones of predominantly private property, giving them exclusive rights and increasing real estate values and investments in tourism. As a result, tourist paradises have sprung up in places of high biodiversity, offering exclusivity to their owners and clients while violating agrarian rights, creating social conflict, and destroying ecosystems. Frente a un escenario de apropiación privada de espacios otrora de propiedad social y recursos de uso común como playas y lagunas costeras, ha surgido un discurso ecologista de las élites nacionales y transnacionales que justifica esta apropriación por medio de acciones de conservación e incluso orienta las políticas ambientales para su beneficio. Un ejemplo es la creación de áreas naturales protegidas en zonas donde predomina la propiedad privada, con el fin de dar exclusividad y valorizar las inversiones inmobiliarias y turísticas. Como resultado, han surgido paraísos turísticos en lugares de alta biodiversidad que ofrecen exclusividad a sus propietarios y usuarios pero que afectan derechos agrarios, generan conflictos sociales y destruyen ecosistemas.

Dancing Embodied Memory: The Choreography of Place in the Peruvian Andes

Dancing Embodied Memory: The Choreography of Place in the Peruvian Andes

Promoción de la salud a través de herramientas Web 2.0. Proyecto de colaboración entre universidad y enseñanzas medias

This project develops a highly innovative approach to a Health teaching and learning programme. Several didactic resources have been used and worked on thanks to the use of web 2.0 such and Blogger. The materials launched with these resources were created by Nursing undergraduates of the Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain), monitored by their teachers and used in an Aragonese high school –IES Bajo Aragon de Alcaniz (Teruel)– in order to improve the syllabus of their school tutorials –Plan de Accion Tutorial (PAT)–. Drawing on the results it could be stated that this project has empowered the health issues dealt with in the different years of Secondary Education in this high school.

La pedagogía crítica en la experiencia carcelaria de presas políticas

This paper presents an approach to education in Colombian prisons based on research conducted with principles of Critical Pedagogy. The stories of two female former political prisoners were used as instruments for the collection of information. The voices of these women show the contradictions and failures of education in prisons. The paper contains a look at the Action Plan and Opportunities System (Plan de Accion y Sistema de Oportunidades, PASO) of Colombia's National Prison Authority (Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario, INPEC), alternative education proposals are analyzed and conclusions are put forward.

LA CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y LA INVENCIÓN DEL TERCER MUNDO: A PROPÓSITO DE LA OBRA ACADÉMICA DE ORLANDO FALS BORDA (I)

La vida y obra de Orlando Fals Borda lo presenta como uno de los grandes de las ciencias sociales de América Latina. Este escrito pretende resaltar algunos aspectos de su trayectoria intelectual como fundador en 1959 de la primera facultad de Sociología en Colombia, coautor del primer estudio empírico sobre la Violencia en Colombia (1962-1963), Se le atribuye el diseño y la creación de la red social colombiana más extensa, las juntas de acción comunal, Se le reconoce como uno de los sistematizadores y divulgadores más destacados de la Investigación Acción Participativa, -IAP-, Autor

Strategies for social and cultural inclusion on development and natural resource management.

In this paper, we present some strategies to improve community work that resulted from 24 small projects in 14 communities distributed through 7 States of Southeast Mexico. The proposal recovers views and opinions of local populations about technical and social factors that shape community action. We obtained people’s input through a series of participatory evaluation workshops carried out during 10 consecutive years by a non-governmental organization called Programa de Accion Forestal Tropical A.C”. Findings allow us to propose four different strategies: 1) the reinforcement of self-sufficient development; 2) the enhancement and rescue of traditional and conventional capitals for social and rural reconstruction; 3) the application of the self-development process, and; 4) the use of local indicators as a strategy to follow up and monitor successful cases for resource management. These strategies involve a process of evaluation to have a more sensible assessment of local natural resource management and to improve the basis in social and participatory learning. They also provide some tools for building resilience and sustainability to develop self-sufficient projects. Key words: Development, resource management, social capital, sustainability.

Copper recovery from chalcopyrite concentrates by the BRISA process

The technical viability of the BRISA process (Biolixiviación Rápida Indirecta con Separación de Acciones: Fast Indirect Bioleaching with Actions Separation) for the copper recovery from chalcopyrite concentrates has been proved. Two copper concentrates (with a copper content of 8.9 and 9.9 wt.%) with chalcopyrite as the dominant copper mineral have been leached with ferric sulphate at 12 g/L of ferric iron and pH 1.25 in agitated reactors using silver as a catalyst. Effects of temperature, amount of catalyst and catalyst addition time have been investigated. Small amounts of catalyst (from 0.5 to 2 mg Ag/g concentrate) were required to achieve high copper extractions (>95%) from concentrates at 70 °C and 8–10 h leaching. Liquors generated in the chemical leaching were biooxidized for ferrous iron oxidation and ferric regeneration with a mixed culture of ferrooxidant bacteria. No inhibition effect inherent in the liquor composition was detected. The silver added as a catalyst remained in the solid residue, and it was never detected in solution. The recovery of silver may be achieved by leaching the leach residue in an acid-brine medium with 200 g/L of NaCl and either hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, provided that elemental sulphur has been previously removed by steam hot filtration. The effect of variables such as temperature, NaCl concentration, type of acid and acidity–pulp density relationship on the silver extraction from an elemental sulphur-free residue has been examined. It is possible to obtain total recovery of the silver added as a catalyst plus 75% of the silver originally present in concentrate B (44 mg/kg) by leaching a leach residue with a 200 g/L NaCl–0.5 M H 2SO 4 medium at 90 °C and 10 wt.% of pulp density in two stages of 2 h each. The incorporation of silver catalysis to the BRISA process allows a technology based on bioleaching capable of processing chalcopyrite concentrates with rapid kinetics.