Daytime Programs Research Articles

UTILIZING CARE PREFERENCE ASSESSMENT TO UNDERSTAND THE NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS AT ADULT DAY SERVICES (ADS) IN TAIWAN

Abstract Understanding individuals’ preferences and honoring them throughout the care delivery process is essential for care services. When preferences are understood and honored, care recipients perceive a greater sense of autonomy, which improves their quality of life and emotional well-being. Adult Day Services (ADS), a fast-growing community service offers daytime programs for those with physical and/or cognitive impairments. In order to better understand ADS attendees’ care preferences and to help ADS staff to deliver person-centered care in Taiwan, this study adapted the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory for ADS in Chinese (PELI-ADS-C) to assess preferences for activities and lifestyle experiences. Forty-three interviews were conducted with older adults recruited from three different ADS centers in Taiwan. The majority of participants were females (85%) with ages ranging from 67 to 93 years old. Among the 43 preference items, “do things with groups of people” and “participate in religious services or practices” were rated as most important followed by “reminisce about the past” and “exercise.” “Volunteer your time” and “gender of the staff taking care of you” were rated as least important. Participants shared that “It is not good for us to be alone.” “It is more fun for me to be with a group of people.” “I had no time to be a volunteer when I was younger. Now, I have to attend the center every day with no time to be a volunteer.” Results can be shared with ADS staff to develop care and activities that corresponded with attendees’ preferences.

The Continued Olympic Agenda Shift: A Case Study of the Time on Camera for Men and Women During the 2022 Beijing Olympics on NBC

This case study assessed the differences in time on camera dedicated to men and women athletes at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. An analysis of the entirety of the programming on the the American broadcast television company NBC, including the prime-time broadcasts, the daytime programming, and the additional nightly content, yielded nearly 185 hr of coded Olympic content. When excluding mixed-sex events, in the 61.5 hr of prime-time coverage, women received 60.05% of the time on camera. During the non-prime-time coverage, which spanned 123 hr, men received the majority of clock time, accounting for 51.6% of coverage. In addition, differences by sport were uncovered, with the major differences occurring in alpine skiing, which saw more women’s coverage regardless of broadcast. In contrast, women received more coverage in freestyle skiing and snowboarding during the prime-time broadcast, but men were more emphasized in these competitions during the non-prime-time content. Utilizing agenda setting as the theoretical framework for this case study, ramifications for these broadcast trends and differences are discussed.

East and West Ethnography in Adult Day Services: Lessons From Taiwan and the United States

Adult Day Services (ADS), an alternative to institutionalization, offer daytime programs for those with physical and/or cognitive impairments. ADS have grown rapidly in Taiwan and the U.S., to improve quality of life (QOL) and provide respite for caregivers. ADS researchers have focused primarily on caregiver outcomes, with less emphasis on consumers. Our study is among the first to examine these issues in a cross-cultural context. Surveys are insufficient for ADS attendees, since many have diminished capacity. We use ethnographic methods to more fully understand the life of clients in ADS in two countries. The focus is on clients and staff, while including the physical and social environments. Data were collected over 820 hours of observation and 77 interviews with key ADS stakeholders, including clients, for insider perspective. Comparisons between the two countries, found that infantilization (e.g., baby-talk, child-oriented activities and decor) occurred in all 10 settings to varying degrees and outcomes were shaped by culture. In Taiwan, infantilization embedded within a cultural tradition of respecting elders and exhibited as a parent-child role reversal, where staff played the adult-child role. Their over-helping and over-controlling were aimed to ‘benefit’ clients, who were seen as incompetent aging parents. In the U.S., infantilization resembled a primary school environment with elementary décor. Aides used baby-talk and ‘taught’ compulsory child-oriented songs and games. This effect was exacerbated when preschool-aged children were added, and all generations were treated similarly. Results can be translated to implement age-appropriate care environments across cultures to improve QOL in ADS.

How do for-Profit Colleges and Universities Maintain Enrolment Rates to continue their Financial Health

For-profit, post-secondary institutions significantly increased in numbers within the last two decades. In the United States, many for-profit colleges and universities offer distance-learning-based and self-paced-based academic and vocational programs from certificate to doctoral degree level to non-traditional, returning, evening and adult students who cannot enrol at one of the on-campus, day-time programs for traditionally-aged and full-time students. A large number of for-profit colleges and universities employ different strategies to maintain effective numbers of student enrolment and collect enough budget for financial health. This literature paper explains the overview of for-profit colleges and universities in the United States including donation and income sources, enrolment management, employment management and customer-oriented service with the question of how for-profit colleges and universities can survive in the current, rapidly changing environment containing many different competitors. The literature review also provides a brief section about how nursing programs at the for-profit colleges and universities continue their operation in the current financial and educational environment.

Homeschoolers’ Experiences with the Public Library: A Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of homeschoolers using the public library. A phenomenological design using interviews, a survey, and a writing prompt was used to give voice to the public library experiences of seven homeschool participants. From the data, three primary themes surfaced. First, most of the participants felt that the library was a home away from home. Next, many of the participants valued how the public library saved them money, and finally, many of the participants voiced a desire for more library daytime programs, especially daytime programs that catered to older, homeschooled children.

IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AGING ON THE INSTITUTION OF FAMILY AND SOLIDARITY BETWEEN GENERATIONS

The focus of the research is on problem of intergenerational relationships, the role of family in the care and support of the elderly. Main attention is given to the analysis of problem of social support for older generation, helping family members where the elderly live. The research is aimed at determining the peculiarities of the impact of demographic of the population, analysis of the problem of increasing the number of elderly people, which is a challenge for families caring for the elderly. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the impact of the process on the institution of the family. The following general scientific methods of research have been used: 1) generalization 2) synthesis 3) analysis. The maintenance and protection of the dignity, health and independence of the elderly requires the introduction of innovative techniques and technologies for the reliable, accessible and safe care and support of the elderly. Among them is the provision of aging at service, the recognition and improvement of the status of formal and informal carers, the organization of supported accommodation. In many developed countries, the aging movement has helped move resources from residential institutions to home and community services. Providing such services (e.g., personal hygiene, housekeeping, cooking, home care) and utilities (such as daytime programs, social centers, meals on wheels) allows a growing percentage of elderly people to detain or even avoid institutional care

Producing a Radio Housewife

This article examines how the writers and publicists behind the pioneering radio serial Clara, Lu 'n' Em circulated representations of gendered labor in early prime-time and daytime network radio. Through their satiric impersonations of “syntax-scrambling” midwestern housewives, the careful promotion of the three young stars, and their sale of Super Suds to American housewives, they established gender norms for both the production and the consumption of commercial messages in early radio. The creative team supporting Clara, Lu 'n' Em helped write the script for how broadcasters and sponsors could negotiate economic pressures and cultural concerns about women's paid work in the young medium. By embracing domesticity, the program negotiated the division then developing between prime-time and daytime programming, modeled modern consumer behavior for a mass female audience, and pledged its support for gendered spheres of labor.

Sleep Pattern and Factors Causing Sleep Disturbance in Adolescents with Cancer before and after Hospital Admission

Purpose: This is a descriptive study conducted in order to survey sleep patterns and factors responsible for sleep disturbance among adolescent cancer patients after hospital admission. Methods: The study group included 46 adolescent cancer patients aged 10 to 19 who received admission care in multi-bed hospital rooms from March to June 2016. Data on patterns and quality of sleep, and factors causing sleep disturbance were recorded using the Verran and Snyder-Halpern(VSH) Sleep Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a sleep disturbance questionnaire. Results: There was no difference in patterns and quality of sleep prior to and after hospital admission in the study group. However, patients experienced sleep disturbance, as defined by PSQI 〉 5, both before (5.43) and after (6.30) admission. The most important physical, emotional and environmental factors causing sleep disturbance after admission were nocturnal diuresis, monotony of admission care, and crying of younger patients respectively. Conclusion: This study focused on sleep patterns and factors causing sleep disturbance after hospital admission for adolescent cancer patients. Future studies should aim to develop nursing interventions resulting in an environment that improves sleep quality. Additional studies should focus on developing daytime programs to determine the impact of admission care on other quality of life parameters.

알코올중독전문병원의 서비스 제공 현황에 관한 연구

본 연구에서는 국내 알코올중독전문병원의 서비스 제공형태, 인력현황, 구조화된 알코올 프로그램 등의 현황과 향후의 경향성에 대해 조사하고자 국내 알코올중독전문병원임을 표방하는 총 8곳 중 조사에 동의한 6개 기관을 대상으로 2010년 6월 17일부터 7월 15일까지 구조화한 설문지 조사를 수행하였다. 응답한 알코올 중독전문병원의 운영 주체는 개인(공동)이 66.7%로 가장 많았으며, 소재지 별로는 대도시 지역에 위치한 기관이 50%로 가장 많았다. 알코올 환자를 전문적으로 치료해 온 기간은 5년 미만이 50.0%로 가장 많았으며 조사 대상 기관의 병상 수는 평균 208 병상이었다. 서비스 제공 형태는 모든 기관이 입원 외래치료를 함께 제공하고 있는 반면 주당 최소 2~3시간 정도의 구조화된 외래 치료서비스는 33.3%였다. 신체 개인 심리사정이 모든 기관에서 시행되고 있는 반면 낮 병원을 위한 프로그램은 16.1%였다. 보호병동 병상이 72.0%였으며 밤 병원 및 낮 병원 병상은 각각 7.6%, 2.6% 으로 낮았다. 정신 보건법 시행규칙 기준과 비교하면 정신보건사회복지사와 정신보건간호사는 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났으나 기관별 차이가 높음에 비하여 정신과전문의와 간호사의 인력현황 비율은 전체적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 임상전문가들이 느끼는 가장 큰 문제점으로는 알코올 의존증에 대한 환자의 치료 거부로 원활한 치료가 시작되지 않는다는 것과 퇴원 후 연계 가능한 지역사회정신보건 기관의 수가 부족하다는 의견이 높았고 다음으로 낮은 의료수가와 음주폐해에 대한 낮은 사회적 인식 문제가 제기되었다. The aim of this study is to take hold of the present situation as well as the perspective of the domestic alcohol specialized hospitals. The structured questionnaire was prepared to understand the type of services, manpower and systematic programs. Among eight hospitals that stand for the alcohol addiction specialized hospitals, six hospitals agreed to participate in the survey, which was made from Jun. 17 to July 15, 2010. The average number of beds of the surveyed hospitals was 208. They were mostly private ones(66.7%), located in urban area(50%), and had experiences of alcohol treatment less than five years(50%). While all of them practiced both the inpatient and outpatient services, only 33% provided the systematic outpatient program that was at least 2 or 3 hours per week. All hospitals practiced the physical and individual psychological evaluations, but only 16.1% had the daytime programs. The beds of protective ward were 72% of all beds, and the beds of night and day occupied 7.6% and 2.6% respectively. It was found that although the average number of mental health social worker and mental health nurse was larger than that required in the regulation of mental health law there are significant deviations between hospitals. However, the manpower of psychiatrists and nurses were comparatively large. The first problem indicated by clinical experts was the patient's refusal of care, which results in an inefficiency in the treatment. The next problem was the lack of local health care institutions that can attend on the discharged patients were important issues. Also the low reimbursement and indifferences to the alcohol abuse were considered as important issues.

NOCTURNAL BLADDER EMPTYING:: A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR REVERSING URINARY TRACT DETERIORATION IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROGENIC BLADDER

In this preliminary study we sought to determine the effect of instituting nocturnal bladder emptying (NBE) in children with neurogenic (NGB) or nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder (NNGNGB) in whom urinary tract deterioration developed despite optimal daytime clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and urotropic medications. We hypothesize that a syndrome of nocturnal overdistention of the bladder (SNOB) can cause urinary tract deterioration through increased nighttime storage pressures manifested by recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), worsening incontinence, hydronephrosis and/or decreasing bladder compliance and capacity, and may be reversed by NBE. A total of 19 children with NGB (17) or NNGNGB (2) who displayed urinary tract deterioration while on CIC and urotropic medications were started on NBE. Of the patients 15 used a continuously draining nighttime catheter while 4 had scheduled awakenings during the night to perform CIC. The primary indications for NBE were recurrent symptomatic UTI in 5, new or progressive hydronephrosis in 7, and decreasing bladder capacity and compliance in 7. At a mean followup of 23 months 15 (79%) patients showed improvement or complete resolution of 1 or more signs or symptoms of hydronephrosis (7), increase in bladder capacity (5), recurrent UTI (6) and worsening incontinence (3). The remaining 4 patients had no response to NBE. No adverse effects were observed with 10 hours or less of nightly indwelling catheter time. Patients with NGB or NNGNGB on idealized daytime programs of CIC and urotropic drugs may have high intravesical pressures and experience urological deterioration because of an unrecognized SNOB. NBE is a simple technique for treating this condition and reversing the pathophysiological changes. The observation that NBE alone may increase bladder compliance and capacity sufficient to avoid bladder augmentation suggests that development of decreased bladder compliance and capacity in children with NGB may not simply represent normal progression of NGB disease. These changes may be avoidable consequences of untreated SNOB. Early institution of NBE may prevent urinary tract deterioration from developing in this population.

Influence of a televised model's vocalization pattern on infants

To assess the influence of a televised model's vocalizations on the vocal patterns of infant viewers, 32 infants at 6 months of age were presented either a televised adult model repeating a novel phoneme pattern (/ba/ba/ba/ba) or a control televised presentation of adult conversation selected from typical daytime programming. Sequential analyses of infant vocalizations revealed that infants exposed to the televised model altered their vocalization pattern, as indicated by a significant increase over base line levels in their production of a patterned series of discrete vocalizations. Infants exposed to the televised conversation showned no increase in this pattern of vocalization, and none of the infants in the study produced the novel phoneme (/ba/). The results indicate that televised presentation of discrete, repeated vocalizations can have an influence on the vocalization pattern of infants. The potential role of television in infant development is discussed.

The Language of Popular Culture: Daytime Television as a Transmitter of Values

WATCHING DAYTIME TELEVISION is a sin people never confess, I suspect not even to their priests. And why should they? Daytime programming is a melange of variety shows, game shows, soap operas, and re-runs-nothing you'd call grist for the life of the mind. Yet these shows are watched by large segments of the non-working population, and even by employed people who work irregular hours or can watch while they work. According to market research statistics, in the viewing audience are housewives, preschool children, retired adults, people confined to hospitals and nursing homes, men working the night shift, college students, their professors, and otherwise responsible adults who happen to have the flu. In other words, at one time or another, nearly everybody. In the light of demographics about the viewing audience, you would expect daytime programming to reflect the values of at least as varied a market as prime time evening shows do. And so it does. But since daytime shows are produced with smaller budgets and simpler concepts, they are easier to analyze than prime time programming, in which fancier sets, plots, and productions often obscure the values being marketed through the programs. Daytime programming is out front about its values. It is also almost totally consistent and repetitive. Whether you watch a game show or a variety show, whether you are entranced by the program itself or merely the twelve to fifteen commercials that pepper each half-hour segment, the values presented are the same. Daytime television tells what we Americans believe in the 1970s and tells it clearly. Judging from the month of daytime programming I watched about a year agoonly as a scholarly exercise, of course-there are three predominant clusters of values marketed to morning viewers: love and sex, money and materialism, shame and guilt. These values are presented thematically, formally, and-for good measurecommercially. What is most revealing, however, is that these three sets of values, joined together in apparent perpetuity by daytime programming, are like partners in a bad marriage complicated by an unsatisfactory affair: they seem mutually incompatible at one time or another, but are capable of endless co-existence because of the way they feed unhealthy needs. The five shows I watched were the major network offerings in my area during the

Daytime Television-Research Project

The South Australian Film Corporation Women's Film Unit research team set about finding out as much as possible about the members of daytime audiences: what they liked and disliked, what they thought of daytime programming, how daytime television fitted into their daily lives, and how it affected their sociability. Preliminary work involved surveying related research results and methodology. This was followed by a content analysis of programmes and a pilot audience survey. From this, there emerged a three phase survey.