Day Care Research Articles

A qualitative content analysis based on an extended parallel process model study of daycare center teacher behaviors concerning the eye health of preschool children

Purpose: This study is to explore the antecedent factors of daycare teacher behaviors concerning the eye health of preschool children by applying an extended parallel process model.Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with ten daycare center teachers on September 4 and 14, 2023. A data analysis was performed according to the content analysis method by clustering the data into the four categories: the two threat factors of severity and susceptibility and the two efficacy factors of self-efficacy and response-efficacy.Results: Daycare center teachers’ perception of the severity of eye health problems in preschool children was high in relation to eye trauma, but it was recognized that viewing the electronic devices were of a less severe because symptoms were not noticed in a short period of time. They also showed low susceptibility because they were not sufficiently interested in the eye health hazard behaviors of preschool children. The self-efficacy of daycare center teachers was low because this was a lack of knowledge about symptoms of eye problems. However, they recognized that eye health activities performed in the preschool age could prevent negative eye health outcomes, thus showing a high response efficacy.Conclusion: In the future, it is necessary to increase the sensitivity and engagement of daycare center teachers concerning with the eye health of preschool children and to increase their self-efficacy. It will also be necessary to develop various interventions to improve eye health for preschool children that can be implemented by daycare center teachers.

어린이집 유형에 따른 보육교사의 영양지수, 지속가능한 식생활, 급식지도와의 관계 : 강원지역 중심으로

어린이집 유형에 따른 보육교사의 영양지수, 지속가능한 식생활, 급식지도와의 관계 : 강원지역 중심으로

Gelingens- und Hindernisfaktoren bei der Implementierung von Gesundheitsförderung in Kitas und Grundschulen anhand von 4 ausgewählten Projekten

ZusammenfassungHintergrundGesundheitsförderung (GF) ist eine komplexe, politisch geforderte Aufgabe. Die Implementierungsgüte korreliert mit der Wirksamkeit von GF. Sie erfolgreich zu implementieren, erfordert die Beachtung von Kontextbedingungen, was in Wirksamkeitsstudien eher unterbleibt. Ziel ist es, Gelingens- und Hindernisfaktoren für die Implementierung von GF in Kindertagesstätten und Grundschulen anhand von 4 Projekten (Fit fürs Leben, fit für pisa +, Buchprojekt Sonnige Traurigtage und The Daily Mile) in der Gesundheitsregion Göttingen/Südniedersachsen zu identifizieren. Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie werden als implementierungsrelevant für diese Projekte angenommen.MethodenIn 24 semistrukturierten Interviews und 2 Fokusgruppendiskussionen wurden im Zeitraum 08/2021–03/2022 hauptsächlich Lehrer*innen und Erzieher*innen zur Umsetzung der Projekte in ihren Tätigkeitsbereichen befragt. Nach Transkription wurde mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Das Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research unterstützte die Analyse.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 22 Faktorengruppen identifiziert, auf deren Basis 22 Handlungsempfehlungen für die Implementierung von GF formuliert wurden. Im Vordergrund standen Gelingensfaktoren auf der Individuen- und Interventionsebene. Die COVID-19-Pandemie wirkte sich positiv auf den Stellenwert der GF aus, obgleich ihre Umsetzbarkeit erschwert war.DiskussionZahlreiche Ergebnisse zur Implementierung von GF in kindlichen Lebenswelten konnten durch die Studie bestätigt werden. Auffällig ist der hohe Stellenwert der Individuenfaktoren, was sich auf die Befragung projektnaher Interviewpersonen zurückführen lassen könnte. Die Studienergebnisse tragen zur Weiterentwicklung von Implementierungsstrategien in der GF bei.

보육교사의 공감능력과 영유아 권리존중 간 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study is, first, to investigate the relationship between childcare teachers' empathy, respect for infants' rights, and childcare teachers' sensitivity, and secondly, to verify the mediating effect of sensitivity in the relationship between empathy and respect for infants' rights. Methods Empathy, respect for infants' rights, and sensitivity tests were conducted on 337 infant and toddler teachers at daycare centers located in South Chungcheong Province, Daejeon City, and Sejong City. Correlation analysis of each variable was conducted, and SPSS Process Macro Model 4 was used to verify the mediating effect of sensitivity in the impact of childcare teachers' empathy on respect for infants' rights. Results As a result of this study, first, it was found that childcare teachers' empathy, respect for infants' rights, and sensitivity were all significantly correlated. Second, the sensitivity of the childcare teacher completely mediated the relationship between respect for infants and children's rights. Sensitive interaction, a subfactor of sensitivity, fully mediated the relationship between the two variables, and insensitive interaction partially mediated the relationship between the two variables. Conclusions The results of this study showed the importance of enhancing childcare teachers' empathy and sensitivity in order to improve the quality of respect for infants' rights, and suggest the need to find intervention methods to help childcare teachers improve their sensitive interactions.

IPA 분석 기법을 활용한 영유아교사의 놀이지원에 대한 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to derive implications for improving play support in future educational settings through an IPA matrix analysis of the importance and implementation level of teachers' play support as perceived by infants and young children teachers. Methods For this purpose, a survey was conducted targeting 254 infants and young children teachers at kindergardens and daycare centers located in cities B and D. The collected data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test and IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) techniques. Results First, the area with the greatest difference in importance and implementation of play support was the play space. Second, as a result of the IPA analysis, there were 14 items (56%) in the area of continuous maintenance strengths, 1 item (4.0%) in the area of improvement efforts, 7 items (28%) in the area of long-term improvement requirements, and 3 items (12%) in the 4th quadrant was distributed. The item that requires intensive improvement efforts to support desirable play was ‘Ask open-ended questions to help infants and young children expand their thoughts and thinking during the play process’ in the interaction area. And all four items of the play space area were located in the third quadrant, which requires long-term improvement. Conclusions This suggests that future improvements are needed to enable infants and young children teachers in the field to increase their level of implementation when supporting play, and it can be used as basic data to support infants and young children teachers who practice play-centered education in the future.

Effect of adult day care centre attendance on hypertension management.

Hypertension (HT) silently threatens one in three adults, especially older adults, who struggle with blood pressure (BP) control because of limited health access, poor adherence to medication and failure to make lifestyle changes. This increases their risk for heart disease, kidney failure and dementia. Fortunately, adult day care centres (ADCCs) offer hope. These community facilities provide daytime care, including health support services, social activities and exercise. This study investigated the perceived effect of adult daycare centre attendance on BP control and treatment adherence. A mainly descriptive study at MUCPP Community Health Centre (CHC) in Bloemfontein, South Africa, between July 2020 and September 2020, used questionnaires researchers completed during interviews. The researchers approached 372 hypertensive patients of a minimum of 60 years old and at least 2 years since being diagnosed. Of the 90 who attended ADCCs, 71.1% had controlled hypertension compared to 51.4% of those who did not. While treatment adherence showed no difference, a positive association between ADCC attendance and BP control is evident. The findings suggest a promising link between ADCC attendance and improved BP control in older adults with hypertension. Adult Day Care Centres warrant further exploration as it seems to be an encouraging support intervention for this vulnerable population.Contribution:This study highlights the positive impact ADCCs have on hypertension management in older adults, urging increased physician awareness and patient referrals.

Empowerment-based Teddy Bear Clinic for Pre-school Children: A Student-led Educational Project.

Nurses are at the forefront of providing health education for the general public and are leaders in developing health education programs for all ages. Research has shown that the pediatric population often experience anxiety surrounding common medical procedures. However, evidence-based health education has been shown to enhance self-management, increase knowledge, and decrease anxiety in the pediatric population. One such successful evidence-based health education approach designed for the pediatric population is the Teddy Bear Clinic. The purpose of this article is to report on the efficacy of a nursing student-led Teddy Bear Clinic designed to increase the awareness of common medical equipment and procedures in the pre-school pediatric population. This quality improvement project used a program evaluation design to assess the children's knowledge of common medical procedures and equipment. Participants were a convenience sample of 16 children aged 3-5 years old, attending one daycare center in a large city in Atlantic Canada. Findings showed that after participation in the clinic, the pre-schoolers reported a high level of knowledge of common medical equipment and procedures. This project shows that a Teddy Bear Clinic run by senior nursing students can promote community partnerships and enhance health knowledge in pre-school children.

Child Motor Development before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Social Inequalities?

COVID-19 pandemic has influenced all children's motor development. We examine whether this differs by social circumstances. We hypothesise that socially disadvantaged children experienced more pronounced motor problems compared with better-off children. Our trend study includes three representative waves of preschoolers (school years 2018/19, 2019/20, 2023/24) from a German school enrolment medical screening. Based on logistic regressions, we computed predicted prevalences of motor problems separately for children in different social circumstances (neighbourhood, migration background, family status). Motor development of preschoolers slightly worsened by 2023 compared to pre-pandemic level (6.3 percent 2018 to 7.4 percent 2023). Results by neighbourhood highlight that preschoolers from well-off districts experienced a deterioration of motor development (4.9 percent 2018-6.4 percent 2023). The prevalence of motor problems is, however, below that of children from deprived neighbourhoods with consistently high prevalence (9.2-10 percent). Results by migration background show a worsening trend for children without migration background and the gap between the groups disappears in 2023. Results by family status do not indicate significant differences. Contrary to our hypothesis, socially disadvantaged children experienced smaller change in motor problems. However, our results highlight the potential of structured physical activities in daycare centres and sports facilities to enhance the motor development of these children.

A 3 month nutrition and exercise program improved hallux strength among senior daycare center users in Korea: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

With a growing aging population, the focus on the health and well-being of older adults, especially in preventing falls, becomes crucial. This 3 month study, initiated in July 2022, aimed to assess the impact of a nutrition and exercise program in senior daycare centers in Chuncheon, South Korea. A 3 month study, beginning in July 2022, included 204 older adults from 10 senior daycare centers in Chuncheon, South Korea. Randomly assigned to intervention or control groups, the intervention involved nutrition, daily toe exercises, or both. Control centers received interventions post-measurements. Pre- and post-intervention analyses used paired t-tests and multiple linear regression, assessing metrics like toe grip strength for significance. While 204 were initially enrolled, the analysis included 151 participants due to dropouts. Participants, with a mean age of 83.3 years (43.1% aged ≥ 85 years), exhibited mild to moderate cognitive impairment and multiple chronic illnesses. Health data indicated that 37.3% were obese, and the average BMI was 24.0 kg/m2. Both the intervention and control groups showed significant improvements in toe grip strength post-intervention. Specifically, the exercise-only and combined exercise-nutrition groups demonstrated significant differences in hallux strength compared to the control group after adjusting for age and gender. The study showed that a basic nutrition and exercise program increased toe strength in older adults with chronic diseases, including mild cognitive impairments. This intervention holds potential to prevent muscle strength decline and reduce fall risks in older individuals. As the first of its kind in Korean senior daycare centers, it emphasizes the need for future research and standardized programs for senior daycare users.

Physical literacy-based intervention for older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol.

The ageing population creates concerns and challenges worldwide. The large number of older adults (aged over 65) in Hong Kong continues to rise as people live longer. This may result in heavy burdens on public services and problems such as a shortage of medical resources. The purpose of this study is to implement a physical literacy-based intervention among older adults in Hong Kong in order to achieve the goal of health promotion. A two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial will be employed in this proposed study. Ten daycare centers for the older adults in Hong Kong will be invited to participate in this study. The intervention group will receive functional fitness training and mastering physical literacy class twice a week with buddy peer support, and they will be asked to keep a reflective writing journal on a daily basis for 12 weeks in total. Participants will be evaluated at baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 12), and at 6-week follow-up (week 18). This will consist of objective and self-reported measures covering elements within physical literacy (i.e., physical competence, motivation and confidence, knowledge and understanding) and also physical activity levels on an individual basis. The study intends to introduce a conceptual framework of physical literacy for the older adults through an intervention that allows older people to develop daily behaviour habits, which should promote active ageing for the older adults and greater self-esteem in later life. After this study, participants may share their positive experiences, and encourage their peers in the community to become physically literate in the future. In the long run, due to the feasibility and sustainability of these potential programs, this proposed study has the potential to connect seniors through social engagement and contribute to healthy living. Clinical trial approval from the National Library of Medicine (Reference number: NCT06137859).

유아교사의 직장 내 사회적지지가 교사-유아 상호작용에 미치는 영향에서 놀이교수효능감의 매개효과

Objectives This study examined the mediating effect of play teaching efficacy in the relationship between early childhood teachers’ social support within the workplace and teacher-child interactions. Methods The data were collected from 123 teachers in preschooler classes at daycare centers and 119 homeroom teachers in kindergartens in the Seoul metropolitan area to find out social support in the workplace, play teaching efficacy, and teacher-infant interaction. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results Firstly, there were significant positive correlations among early childhood teachers’ social support within the workplace, play teaching efficacy, and teacher-child interactions. Secondly, play teaching efficacy partially mediated the relationship between early childhood teachers’ social support and teacher-child interactions. Conclusions These results demand that the efforts of the educational settings to enhance positive support for the teachers’ social support. Moreover, the results stressed the need to develop education programs for teachers to encourage play teaching efficacy in order to enhance teacher-child interactions.

Helping Institutionalised Children through a Trusting Relationship-Findings from a One-Year Psychosocial Intervention Programme.

Children growing up in institutions lack a stable relationship-essential for development. A significant proportion of them have disorganised attachment, which is associated with negative outcomes. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving attachment security are needed. We conducted a case series study (involving five participants aged 8-11 years) in a newly established psychosocial rehabilitation daycare centre to describe the changes in attachment security and mental health of institutionalised children after one year of attendance. The intervention consisted of individualised care focusing on staff building a trusting relationship with participants using the principles of Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI). Measures such as the Child Attachment Interview, SDQ, CBCL6/18, TRF6/18, and clinical interviews were used to follow change. The descriptive data of five participants are presented. All five children improved in mental health, and for two participants, organisation of attachment changed. Three children experienced relational ruptures. The findings suggest that psychosocial interventions that focus on building trusting relationships may be beneficial in institutionalised children. For these children, given their life history, it can be damaging to experience repeated breakdowns. Thus, the practical implication is that any new relationship for them with an adult should be established after an assessment of whether the relationship can be sustained.

Soziale Lage, Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Ein-Eltern-Haushalten zum Ende der COVID-19-Pandemie. Ergebnisse der KIDA-Studie 2022–2023

ZusammenfassungEinleitungIn der COVID-19-Pandemie waren Alleinerziehende und ihre Kinder durch die Eindämmungsmaßnahmen und aufgrund oftmals geringer Ressourcen in besonderem Maße Belastungen ausgesetzt. Es wird analysiert, inwieweit sich zum Ende der Pandemie Unterschiede in der sozialen und gesundheitlichen Lage von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Ein-Eltern- und Zwei‑Eltern-Haushalten zeigen.MethodenDie Analyse basiert auf Daten der KIDA-Studie, in der 2022/2023 Eltern von 3‑ bis 15-Jährigen und 16- bis 17-Jährige befragt wurden (telefonisch: n = 6992; online: n = 2896). Für die Indikatoren psychosoziale Belastungen, soziale Unterstützung, Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten wurden nach Familienform stratifizierte Prävalenzen berechnet. In Poisson-Regressionen wurde für Geschlecht, Alter, Bildung und Haushaltseinkommen adjustiert.ErgebnisseHeranwachsende aus Ein-Eltern-Haushalten sind häufiger durch finanzielle Einschränkungen, familiäre Konflikte und beengte Wohnverhältnisse belastet und erfahren weniger schulische Unterstützung als Gleichaltrige aus Zwei‑Eltern-Haushalten. Sie haben häufiger gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen sowie einen erhöhten Versorgungsbedarf und nehmen häufiger psychosoziale Angebote in Anspruch. Sie sind zwar seltener in Sportvereinen aktiv, nehmen jedoch gleich häufig an Sport-AGs in Schulen teil wie Gleichaltrige aus Zwei-Eltern-Haushalten. Die Unterschiede zeigen sich auch bei Kontrolle für Einkommen und Bildung.DiskussionKinder und Jugendliche aus Ein-Eltern-Haushalten können über Bewegungsangebote im schulischen Setting gut erreicht werden. Niedrigschwellige Angebote in Kita, Schule und Kommune sollten daher weiter ausgebaut werden. Weiterhin bedarf es Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der sozioökonomischen Lage von Alleinerziehenden und ihren Kindern.

Research on Adaptability Analysis of Environmental Space Demand and Design Optimization of Daycare Centers: Taking Chongqing’s Community F as an Example

Currently, there is a lack of research on the detailed environmental spatial design of community daycare centers at the micro level. This study focuses on Community F in Chongqing, using the elderly’s “willingness to demand” as a central aspect. It examines indoor and outdoor environmental space needs at a micro level, considering both functional requirements and spiritual needs based on existing research. The analysis incorporates three adaptive elements: current construction, surrounding environment, and operational management. It explores the feasibility of restructuring spatial layouts, utilizing local resources, and integrating Bayu cultural characteristics. Finally, through design optimization practices, the study proposes three strategies for aging optimization: functional integration and interaction, user-friendly facilities, and emotional connections to place.

Effects of Teachers’ Media Utilization and Computational Thinking on Sustainable Development in Early Childhood Education

(1) Background: The study aims to analyze the degree of media use among early childhood teachers and the correlations between their computational thinking, playfulness, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. It confirms a strong correlation between playfulness and problem-solving abilities and investigates whether higher levels of computational thinking are associated with higher levels of playfulness. This research is positioned within the context of sustainable development in early childhood education, emphasizing the importance of integrating digital literacy and computational thinking skills to promote sustainability. (2) Methods: The research was conducted on teachers working in daycare centers and kindergartens in Jeju Island, South Korea. A total of 203 questionnaires were collected, employing descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. (3) Results: The study found that teachers’ degree of media literacy affects their media use. Additionally, the higher the degree of computational thinking, the more significant the effect on early childhood teachers’ playfulness. Furthermore, early childhood teachers’ playfulness, creativity, and problem-solving skills were all significantly correlated overall. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that if teachers take an interest in IT media and find ways to use it positively, it will have a positive effect on early childhood education. Moreover, increasing computational thinking skills will enable the effective use of various tools, positively impacting teachers’ roles. The study proposes that enhancing early childhood teachers’ playfulness, creativity, and problem-solving skills will contribute to sustainable development in early childhood education.

Racial disparities in the enjoyment of the right to full protection of children and adolescents in Brazil (2019-2021): a legal-quantitative approach

The formal recognition of the right to full protection of children and adolescents by the Constitution and the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA) does not imply the practical implementation of this right, nor that its legal effectiveness is racially equitable. The study aims to give quantitative expression to racial disparities in the empirical enjoyment of the right to full protection. The research time frame comprises the years between 2019 and 2021 and data are referred to Brazil. Variables related to aspects of full protection are considered, such as the number of homicides, police fatalities, deaths from preventable causes, low birth weight, low per capita household income, and enrollment in daycare centers and primary education, based on aggregate data made available by IBGE, UNICEF, Fundação Abrinq, the Brazilian Public Security Forum, and the Ministry of Health. The main finding is that the race/color of the child and adolescent mattered for the enjoyment of the right to full protection in the analyzed section. Racially biased police lethality concerning black children and adolescents was the aspect with the highest deterioration in the period studied. The highest decrease in racial bias observed was in the incidence of children and adolescents up to 14 years of age with per capita household income of up to ¼ of the minimum wage, which, however, remains with a strong bias. Among the variables considered, there was only no relevant racial bias in live births with low birth weight. The findings challenge the arguments that there would be a deracialized childhood/adolescence in Brazil and point to the need to explicitly consider race when designing public policies aimed at childhood and adolescence.

Social support for functional dependence, activity patterns, and chronic pain outcomes: A cross-lagged mediation panel study.

Received social support undermining engagement in life activities of individuals with chronic pain (e.g., solicitousness, support for functional dependence) is consistently correlated with worse physical functioning, pain severity, and disability. Whether such responses lead to worse pain outcomes (operant model of pain) or the latter lead to more supportive responses undermining activity engagement (social communication and empathy models of pain) is unknown, given the lack of cross-lagged panel studies. Furthermore, the mediating role of activity patterns in such relationships over time is entirely unclear. This study aimed to bridge these gaps. This was a 3-month prospective study with three waves of data collection (T1-T3; 6-week lag in-between), including 130 older adults (71% women; Mage = 78.26) with musculoskeletal chronic pain attending day-care centers. At every time point, participants filled out self-report measures of staff social support for functional dependence, activity patterns, physical functioning, pain severity, and interference. Scales showed good/very good test-retest reliability (ICC = .74-.96) and internal consistency (all α > .90). Parsimonious cross-lagged panel mediation models showed the best fit (χ²/df < 2.44; CFI > .96; GFI > .93; RMSEA < .09). Bidirectional effects were found over time, but poorer pain outcomes at T1 (higher pain severity/interference, lower physical functioning) more consistently predicted higher social support for functional dependence than vice versa. Poorer pain outcomes (T1) predicted more avoidance/less overdoing (T3), via increased received support for functional dependence (T2). Further research on the cyclical relationships between the study variables across chronic pain trajectories is needed to harness the power of interpersonal relationships in future self-management interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

자연물을 활용한 음률 활동이 유아의 정서지능과 환경친화적 태도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of music and movement activities using natural objects on young children’s emotional intelligence and eco-friendly attitudes. This study conducted experimental research targeting 15 five-year-old children at N daycare center (experimental group) and 15 five-year-old children at H daycare center (comparative group) in Gwangju metropolitan city. The experimental group participated in music and movement activities using natural objects, and comparative group in music and movement activities according to the life themes of Nuri curriculum. As a result of study, the scores of the experimental group in emotional intelligence and eco-friendly attitudes were significantly improved compared to those of the comparative group. In the analysis of the difference between the pre-post average of the experimental group, emotional intelligence and eco-friendly attitudes were significantly improved. That is to say, music and movement activities using natural objects have a positive effect on young children’s emotional intelligence and eco-friendly attitudes. Therefore, this study is meaningful in presenting effective teaching-learning activities for improving young children’s emotional intelligence and eco-friendly attitudes by demonstrating the educational effects of music and movement activities using natural objects.

어린이집 교사의 직장 내 괴롭힘 경험과 이직의도의 관계에서 소진의 매개효과

Objectives In this study, the influence of bullying experiences and burnout in the workplace of daycare center teachers on turnover intention was examined, and the mediating effect of burnout was analyzed in the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intention. Methods To this end, a survey was conducted on 451 childcare teachers at daycare centers located across the country. Simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed on the collected data according to the research questions, the mediating effect was analyzed according to the procedure of Baron and Kenny (1986), and the Sobel Test was conducted for statistical verification. Results First, as a result of analyzing the influence of workplace bullying experience and burnout on the turnover intention of daycare center teachers, it was found that emotional exhaustion and dehumanization among the sub-factors of verbal and non-verbal bullying, work-related bullying, and burnout among the sub-factors of workplace bullying had a significant effect on the teacher's turnover intention. Second, in the relationship between the teacher's workplace bullying experience and turnover intention, burnout was found to have a partial mediating effect, and burnout further increased the turnover intention according to the workplace bullying experience. Conclusions These results suggest that it is necessary to prevent and manage bullying and burnout in the workplace in order to reduce the turnover intention of daycare center teachers, and for this, it is necessary to seek improvement measures in terms of education and institution.

Development and Effectiveness of Pre-education Program for Middle-Management Teachers to Enhance Organizational Communication at Daycare Centers

Development and Effectiveness of Pre-education Program for Middle-Management Teachers to Enhance Organizational Communication at Daycare Centers