Daily Application Research Articles

Ashwagandha is protective of impaired motor-coordination in experimental CI/R damage in rats

Introduction and Objective: Cerebral ischemia (CI) is a condition in which metabolic stress increases when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, resulting in oxygen and glucose deprivation. Later, during the treatment process, the ischemic area is reperfused, causing more neurological damage than the ischemic process. For this reason, developing protective practices in individuals at high risk of CI is much more important than developing treatment practices. Ashwagandha (ASW), an extract of the W.somnifera plant, is an agent with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects. It has been reported in the literature that ASW is effective against neuropathological damage with different experimental models. This study aimed to explain the protective effect of ASW against CI/reperfusion damage. Methods: In the study, 30 Wistar Albino male rats were divided into 3 groups as Sham, CI, ASW+CI (n=10). A 60-minute CI was created using the intraluminal filament technique and sacrificed at the end of the 24-hour reperfusion period. ASW (200 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days before SI. Motor coordination was evaluated with the rota-rot test before and after SI. Infarct area was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences between the groups. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings: Neurological evaluations of the experimental groups were scored as ASW+CI (3.5), CI (2) and Sham (0). Infarct areas were calculated as Sham (0), CI (% 45.7) and ASW+CI (% 32.6). The results of the rota-rot test after ischemia, in which motor coordination was evaluated, were measured as Sham (280 sec), CI (15 sec) and ASW+CI (86 sec). Compared with the sham group, the increase in neurological score and ischemic area and the decrease in rota rot time in the CI and ASW+CI groups are statistically significant (p≤0.05). Compared with the ASW+CI group, the decrease in neurological score and ischemic area and the increase in rota rot time are statistically significant (p≤0.05). Conclusion: ASW has protective effects against CI/R injury. 7-day ASW application before ischemia reduced the ischemic area. It reduced neurological damage, regulated motor coordination and maintained the neuronal death/survival balance against CI/R injury.

Metformin lotion promotes scarless skin tissue formation through AMPK activation, TGF-β1 inhibition, and reduced myofibroblast numbers.

Scar tissue formation following skin wound healing is a challenging public health problem. Skin regeneration and preventing the formation of scar tissue by currently available commercial products are largely ineffective. This study aimed to test the efficacy of a novel topical metformin lotion (ML) in inhibiting scar tissue formation during skin wound healing in rats and to determine the mechanisms of action involved. A 6% ML was prepared in our laboratory. A skin wound healing model in rats was used. The wounded rats were divided into two groups and treated daily for 10 days as follows: Group 1 received a daily application of 50 mg of control lotion, or 0% ML (totaling 100 mg of lotion per rat), and Group 2 received a daily application of 50 mg of 6% ML (totaling 100 mg of 6% ML per rat). Blood samples from the heart of each rat were analyzed for inflammatory markers, HMGB1 and IL-1β, using ELISA, and immunological and histological analyses were performed on skin tissue sections. ML decreased levels of inflammatory markers HMGB1 and IL-1β in the serum of rats and inhibited the release of HMGB1 from cell nuclei into the skin tissue matrix. Additionally, ML demonstrated anti-fibrotic properties by enhancing AMPK activity, decreasing the expression of TGF-β1, reducing the number of myofibroblasts, decreasing the production of collagen III, and increasing the expression of collagen I. ML promotes the regeneration of high-quality skin during wound healing by reducing scar tissue formation. This effect is mediated through the activation of AMPK, inhibition of TGF-β1, and a decrease in the number of myofibroblasts.

Research Progress on the Extraction and Daily Application of Rose Essential Oil

Research Progress on the Extraction and Daily Application of Rose Essential Oil

Analgesic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Wound-Treating Actions of Bitter Apricot Kernel Extract.

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels have been widely employed in phytomedicine for treating different ailments. This study aims to unveil the phytochemical composition by HPLC-ESI-MS, in vitro antioxidant activity, and examine certain pharmacological effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract from bitter apricot kernels (BAK). Obtained results indicated that the BAK extract presents a content of 4.58 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g extract of TPA and 1.68 ± 0.09 mg QUE/g extract of TFA, respectively. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis discovered the presence of 17 phenolic compounds including phenolic acids and flavonoids like 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin, epicatechin, and others, with associated antioxidant power. Regarding the studied potential pharmacological effects, notable analgesic activity at a dosage of 100 mg/kg BW was recorded with 63.46% protection. In the anti-inflammatory test, significant inhibition was observed after 6 hours of treatment (77.4%) compared to untreated animals. Moreover, the daily application of ointment formulated with 10% BAK extract resulted in a remarkable healing of wounds and burns in rats. These findings underscore the increasing evidence supporting the potential use of apricot kernel extracts in treating various diseases.

Immunosuppressive and immunomodulating therapy for atopic dermatitis in pregnancy: an appraisal of the literature.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common dermatological diagnosis during pregnancy. Treatment of AD during pregnancy can be challenging, due to the unpredictable course and the fact that the therapy needs to be safe for both the mother and the fetus. Here we present an up-to-date appraisal of the literature on the treatment options available for AD in patients planning pregnancy, during pregnancy, and during breastfeeding. All patients with AD are recommended to supplement any medical treatment with daily applications of emollients. The first step in the medical treatment for AD during pregnancy are topical corticosteroids, and/or topical tacrolimus. If required, UV-light therapy can also be considered. Treatment with systemic therapy during pregnancy should always rely on a careful risk-benefit assessment and be based on shared-decision making between the treating physician and patient. The first-line systemic treatment option is cyclosporine A, whereas azathioprine may be considered in patients already receiving this treatment prior to pregnancy. Systemic glucocorticoids may also be used. Treatment with systemic JAK inhibitors is not recommended, whereas treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate is contraindicated. Targeted therapy with dupilumab is not generally recommended, due to lack of experience in human pregnancies, yet some case-reports on their use are emerging. These recommendations are based on the authors appraisal of existing literature and the current recommendation from the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis. It is always the responsibility of the treating physician to stay updated on the newest guidelines and literature when treating patients with AD during pregnancy.

Penerapan Pendidikan Agama Islam Melalui Budaya Religius (Application of Islamic Relegios Education Through Religios Cultural)

The education system of Islamic Religion in is a form of elaboration of the mandate of Act No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System, in order to prepare students to be a man of faith and piety and morality, but in practice they have drawn criticism from the public that PAI in school during is rated only equip learners only religious knowledge (cognitive) less emphasis on the aspect of practice (affective andpsychomotor).Where necessary the development of PAI itself, so that PAI is not only limited knowledge but also can be practiced in everyday life either at school or in everyday environments. Either by teachers, and students. Therefore, it is necessary to build a culture of religious (religious culture) in religious activities in schools to improve the practice of affective so in tune with our educational goals.The quality of education will be achieved, if it is supported by all who are organized education component with all considerations. Some of those components are inputs, processes, and outputs, and need full support from those who have an important role in educational institutions. But one thing that is the focus here is that it is very important for education to implement religious values into independent education by using religious culture in its daily application so that students or society remain morally Islamic every day and to always remember Allah swt. Kata kunci: Pendidikan; Religi ,dan Islam Budaya Keagamaan (Budaya keagamaan)

Exercise During Pregnancy

It has been established that the synthetic peptide LKEKK affects the ability of IL-12 to regulate the secretory activity of keratinocytes obtained from human psoriatic skin: in the concentration range of 100-1000 nM the peptide increases in a dose-dependent manner the production of IL-10 and IFN-γ as well as suppression of the production of IL- 17 induced by IL-12 in vitro. The peptide with the inverted sequence KKEKL was inactive, which indicates the high specificity of the peptide LKEKK action. An in vivo study of the peptide LKEKK activity in a model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in mice showed that its daily application to the ear (150 500 µg) together with Aldara cream containing 5% IMQ for 6 days significantly suppresses the development of the inflammatory process.

Evaluation Tools for Assessing Autonomy of Surgical Residents in the Operating Room and Factors Influencing Access to Autonomy: A Systematic Literature Review

Surgical residents in France lack a clear pedagogical framework for achieving autonomy in the operating room. The progressive acquisition of surgical autonomy is a determining factor in the confidence of operators for their future independent practice. Currently, there is no autonomy scale commonly used in Europe. The objective of this study is to identify existing tools for quantifying the autonomy of residents and the factors that influence it. We conducted a qualitative systematic review following the recommendations of the Systematic Review Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) guidelines. Publications were extracted from the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and PSYCINFO databases. All publications without date restrictions up to July 2022 were identified. Among the 231 identified publications, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen publications used a graded autonomy assessment tool by the student and/or the teacher, while 4 used evaluations by an observing third party. We found 8 different autonomy scales, with the Zwisch Scale representing 57.1% of the cases. Factors influencing autonomy were diverse, including the work context, experience, and gender of the resident and their teacher. We found heterogeneity in the tools used to "measure" the autonomy of a resident in the operating room. The SIMPL tool or the Zwisch Scale appear to be the most frequently used tools. The relationship between autonomy, performance, confidence, and knowledge may require multidimensional tools that encompass various areas of competence, but this could make their daily application more challenging. The factors influencing autonomy are numerous; and understanding them would improve teaching in the operating room. There is a significant lack of data on surgical autonomy in France, as well as a lack of evaluation in the field of gynecology-obstetrics worldwide.

The Role of Social Capital of Islamic Students (Santri) in Facing the Impacts of Globalization: A Case Study at Buntet Islamic Boarding School

Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia face major challenges due to the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and globalization, which include adaptation to digital technology, expansion of social networks, and integration of Islamic boarding school values in technology-based curricula. This research focuses on the role of social capital in maintaining the relevance of Islamic boarding schools, with Buntet Islamic Boarding School as a case study. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participant observation, data was analyzed to identify the daily application of social capital. Findings show that strong social networks, mutual trust, internalized social norms, and cooperation play key roles in the transformation of Islamic boarding schools. The uniqueness of the Buntet Islamic Boarding School can be seen in its ability to build a strong alumni network, facilitate access to new resources, and maintain the identity and values of the Islamic boarding school through a technology-based curriculum. The results of this research have practical implications in the context of education in Indonesia, guiding Islamic boarding schools and other traditional institutions to integrate social capital in their adaptation strategies to face the impacts of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and globalization, maintain sustainability, and increase competitiveness.

Face spoofing detection using Heterogeneous Auto-Similarities of Characteristics

Facial recognition systems are widely used in various daily applications due to their high accuracy rate and ease of use. Unfortunately, their performance drops drastically when encountering spoofing attacks. In this paper, a novel pipeline for face spoofing detection based on the extraction of Heterogeneous Auto-Similarities of Characteristics (HASC) descriptor from the HSV and YCbCr color spaces is proposed. To detect print and replay spoofing attacks, the HASC descriptor encodes linear and non-linear dependencies between low-level dense features of the color face image using covariance and information-theoretic measures. The combination of covariance and information-theoretic measures makes HASC an efficient descriptor to explore how the features are interrelated in real and fake faces. The HASC texture descriptions are extracted separately from each color channel of the HSV and YCbCr color spaces, and the resulting feature vectors are concatenated into an extended feature vector to better discriminate between real and fake faces. Extensive experiments are conducted on publicly available databases namely, Replay-Attack, CASIA FASD, and MSU MFSD. The obtained results demonstrate that while being of low dimension, the HASC descriptor when fed into a binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, achieves competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art.

The 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene-enabled self-cleaning and self-sterilizing lacquer coatings for offset printing

Microbiologically contaminated surfaces pose a severe threat to human health. Antibacterial coatings that effectively destroy pathogens in-situ under ambient conditions are candidates to overcome this issue. In this work, we report self-sterilizing lacquer coatings enabled by the addition of novel 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene, showing excellent photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties. The prepared facile MXene-enriched formulations based on air-drying and UV-curable lacquer dispersions were used to coat the opaque plastic sheets. The Ti3C2Tx MXene content was optimized to ensure a minimal agglomeration of flakes in a lacquer coating, as validated by stability, morphology, and structure analyses. We confirmed the uniform distribution of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene in the coatings with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping. Superior optical properties of the protective lacquer coatings, added with efficient light absorption, enabled their self-cleaning from the adsorbed methylene blue coloring contaminant. This photocatalytic activity was further utilized for antimicrobial action. Under dark conditions, the protective lacquer coatings showed biostatic properties while in simulated daylight conditions, they were self-sterilizing against potentially pathogenic model bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Altogether, our findings gave promise for using MXenes in daily life applications.

Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Cream Formulation Developed with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Extract and Probiotic

Medicinal plants are an indispensable source of new and effective pharmaceutical products. In the study, the biological activities of water extract obtained from the H. rosa-sinensis leaf was determined and its potential for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries was investigated. Disc diffusion assay and micro-dilution method against clinical origin test microorganisms were used to assess biological activity. The Extract showed a zone of inhibition on the tested bacteria and yeasts in the 6.85 mm to 10.74 mm range. MIC and MBC or MFC values of the Extract was determined as 6.25-12.50 µg/µL and 12.50-50 µg/µL. Then, the cream formulation containing H. rosa-sinensis leaf water extract and/or human milk originated probiotic candidate Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 strain have been developed. The Extract and probiotic containing cream formulations showed variable antibacterial and antifungal effects on the tested clinical originated microorganisms. The highest inhibition zone diameters of Cream + Extract + Probiotic formulation group was obtained against Candida glabrata RSKK 04019 (9.09 mm) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (9.04 mm). The results indicate that L. fermentum MA-7 and H. rosa-sinensis water extract, alternative to synthetic antimicrobials, may be used as a natural bioactive ingredient in daily personal care and clinical applications in the near future.

Exploring the Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Proprieties of Cepaea hortensis Snail Mucin

Long before its popularization as a skincare ingredient, snail slime was reported to have a variety of health-promoting attributes. Its medicinal use involved the treatment of ailments, such as anthrax, hernias, stomach pain, chest pain, as well as tuberculosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of snail slime from Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774) (brown garden snail). The slime was extracted by a mild method, and the anti-inflammatory characteristics were determined by croton-oil-induced mouse-ear edema. The histological study showed that the snail slime exerts its action at the level of inflammatory mediators, explaining the drastic decrease of edema (59% in comparison to the 47% of indomethacin). The daily application of 50 µL (15 mg/kg) of snail slime on excision wounds in rabbits proved to induce an almost full tissue repair after 24 days of treatment (87.80–92.7% wound closure in width and length, respectively). Analysis of the slime’s safety aspect allowed affirming the nontoxicity of snail slime on both the skin and eyes.

CHINESE EUPHEMISM ACQUISITION BY L2 LEARNERS IN INDONESIA

As one of the most widely used communication strategies, euphemism is an important language behaviour in human society. Chinese euphemism has its unique characteristics reflecting the Chinese nation’s moderate and harmonious cultural psychology. This feature is particularly prominent in the daily communication applications of Chinese, so that it is often difficult for L2 learners to understand it. This article focuses on the acquisition of Chinese euphemism as the research object, and takes the inter-language pragmatics as the theoretical background, using the questionnaire as the main research method combining with the interview method to investigate the Chinese euphemism acquisition by the intermediate and advanced level students from the Chinese Department in a Jakarta private university. The results show that, in general, students have the awareness of using Chinese euphemism. The language level has positive correlation with euphemism acquisition. The error frequency in conventional euphemism is supreme to that in non-conventional euphemism. The euphemism used by the students has obvious inter-language characteristics in structure and speech strategies. Negative pragmatic transfer constraints students in euphemism acquisition. Insufficient language ability and cultural differences are the crucial obstacles. Some relevant suggestions from the perspectives of teacher-student interaction and textbook design are proposed to improve the euphemism acquisition for L2 learners.

Hall effects and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux on MHD flow of hybrid nanofluid over a varying thickness stretching surface

The study of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids is gaining conceivable importance due to their characteristics of being so useful in various daily life applications. This study deals with the motion of an electro conductive, incompressible magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid across a stretched surface of variable thickness. The objective of this study is motivated by a number of manufacturing and machine-building applications. However, no attempt has been made to establish MHD flow of hybrid nanofluid along a stretching sheet (a sheet with variable thickness) while keeping an eye on the impact of Hall current. In real-life situations, variable-thickness sheets are crucial in the creation of flexible containers and, additionally, in the layout and production of aerospace wings and auto body components. This study extends our fundamental knowledge of fluid dynamics and heat transmission in intricate systems. Recognizing how magnetic effects, nanofluid traits and heat conduction interplay can help researchers make valuable developments and breakthroughs in the areas of fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Hall effects are vital for applications including conductive fluids or plasma as they provide a more precise understanding of the movement of charged nanoparticles in the presence of a magnetic field. For hybrid nanofluid, we mixed the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and copper (TiO2–Cu) into the water. Due to the low noxiousness and chemical strength of titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles, they have great uses in research. We also consider the effects of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux to analyze the heat transfer of nanoparticles and Hall current effects, which make the flow three-dimensional. For both fundamental research and real-world applications, it is of the utmost importance to take into account the Hall effects and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux in the MHD flow analysis of hybrid nanofluid over stretched surface. It makes it possible to describe the phenomenon more precisely and can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of numerous technical procedures. By using appropriate transformations, the equations that govern the flow are transformed into a system of non-dimensional ordinary differential equations. The non-dimensional system of equations has been solved numerically by using the ND Solve command in Mathematica Software, which is based on a multistep predictor-corrector method. For velocity and temperature profiles, the interplay of numerous developing parameters on flow is depicted graphically. The Hall parameter enhances the axial velocity but reduces the transverse velocity, while the magnetic field has the opposite effects. The temperature increases with the volume fraction of nanoparticles but decreases with the thermal relaxation parameter.

Fast responsive mesoporous silver supported silica nanocomposite for pH sensing

Silver (Ag) supported SiO2 nanocomposite is synthesized at low temperature (80 °C) by sol-gel method. The phenol red (PR) dye is encapsulated in Ag-supported SiO2 (PR/Ag-SiO2) nanocomposite for pH sensing at dynamic pH range 12. The PR/Ag-SiO2 nanocomposite possessed a crack-free porous nanostructure, crystallite size around 49 nm, large surface area (SBET) ∼ 437 m2g−1, and thermal stability at ≤ 400 °C. The PR/Ag-SiO2 exhibited pKa (negative log of the acid dissociation constant)10.9 at 558 nm, color response ∼ 0.46 s in pH 12, repeatability without any leaching traces. Experimental findings suggest that PR/Ag-SiO2 has the potential for extreme aqueous media sensing for daily life applications.

Mixed methods usability evaluation of an assistive wearable robotic hand orthosis for people with spinal cord injury

BackgroundRobotic hand orthoses (RHO) aim to provide grasp assistance for people with sensorimotor hand impairment during daily tasks. Many of such devices have been shown to bring a functional benefit to the user. However, assessing functional benefit is not sufficient to evaluate the usability of such technologies for daily life application. A comprehensive and structured evaluation of device usability not only focusing on effectiveness but also efficiency and satisfaction is required, yet often falls short in existing literature. Mixed methods evaluations, i.e., assessing a combination of quantitative and qualitative measures, allow to obtain a more holistic picture of all relevant aspects of device usability. Considering these aspects already in early development stages allows to identify design issues and generate generalizable benchmarks for future developments.MethodsWe evaluated the short-term usability of the RELab tenoexo, a RHO for hand function assistance, in 15 users with tetraplegia after a spinal cord injury through a comprehensive mixed methods approach. We collected quantitative data using the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and timed tasks such as the donning process. In addition, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and user observations, and analyzed with a thematic analysis to enhance the usability evaluation. All insights were attributed and discussed in relation to specifically defined usability attributes such as comfort, ease of use, functional benefit, and safety.ResultsThe RELab tenoexo provided an immediate functional benefit to the users, resulting in a mean improvement of the ARAT score by 5.8 points and peaking at 15 points improvement for one user (clinically important difference: 5.7 points). The mean SUS rating of 60.6 represents an adequate usability, however, indicating that especially the RHO donning (average task time = 295 s) was perceived as too long and cumbersome. The participants were generally very satisfied with the ergonomics (size, dimensions, fit) of the RHO. Enhancing the ease of use, specifically in donning, increasing the provided grasping force, as well as the availability of tailoring options and customization were identified as main improvement areas to promote RHO usability.ConclusionThe short-term usability of the RELab tenoexo was thoroughly evaluated with a mixed methods approach, which generated valuable data to improve the RHO in future iterations. In addition, learnings that might be transferable to the evaluation and design of other RHO were generated, which have the potential to increase the daily life applicability and acceptance of similar technologies.

Analysis of Daily Application of Indoor Positioning Technology Based on TDOA

As a matter of fact, under the background of the rapid development of the current communication field, positioning technology is an important and valuable research direction in recent years. At the same time, indoor positioning is a relatively new and popular research topic of positioning technology contemporarily. With this in mind, this paper proposes to apply TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) positioning technology to the positioning of indoor personnel in actual scenarios. In addition, this study attempts to apply TDOA positioning technology to the practical problems of personnel search as well as rescue in disaster scenarios. According to the analysis, the feasibility of these schemes is systematically analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the current defects as well as prospects are demonstrated at the same time. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of positioning technology.

Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Hard Tissue Healing in Rat Tooth Extraction Sockets.

Objective: To investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on hard tissue healing in rat maxillary first molar extraction sockets. Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats were used in the study. The right extraction sockets were irradiated with a Ga-Al-As laser (500 mW, 980 nm) for 51.7 J/cm2 every 24 h for 7 days, while the left sockets served as controls. Rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after tooth extraction, and microcomputed tomography (CT) analysis, histopathological evaluation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted at different time points. Results: Micro-CT analysis showed that the percentage of bone volume/tissue volume (TV) and bone mineral density were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group on day 28 (p < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation revealed that PBMT promoted new bone formation and accelerated bone remodeling. ELISA demonstrated a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase expression in the laser sides on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: One application postextraction followed by seven consecutive daily applications of PBMT can effectively promote hard tissue healing in rat maxillary first molar extraction sockets.

Deposition of gold on a PET film by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering

Pulsed DC magnetron sputtering was employed to deposit gold onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. The optical properties of the gold coating were evaluated through reflectance and transmittance measurements using a Jasco V-770/SLM-907 spectrophotometer. Spectral analysis provides information about the colour, impurities, surface quality, and coating thickness. In sputtering experiments with a circular target, the gold coating exhibits a relatively uniform colour in the area opposite the target, with a thickness (df) greater than 60 nm and a resistance lower than 6 Ω. The coating thickness gradually decreases away from the center, therefore affecting other physical properties, so it should be considered and used for calculations when coating on a large substrate. The fabricated gold coating passes tests for adhesion, friction resistance and resistance to cleaning agents, making it suitable for industrial and daily applications such as decoration or making electrodes for biosensors and electronic components.