Child Day Care Research Articles

Asociación entre el tiempo de permanencia en el Programa de Estancias Infantiles para niños en situación de pobreza y el nivel de desarrollo infantil

BackgroundEarly education program (EEP) was created to support parents with 1 to 3 year olds living in poverty situation in Mexico, and includes education and child daycare for 8h five days per week. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between length of stay in EEP and the level of development in children. MethodsCross sectional, population-based study conducted in two Mexican states. All children aged between 12 to 48 months enrolled in EEP from November 2014 to January 2015 were included. Child Development Evaluation (CDE) test was used to screen early development in every child. Normal early development prevalence odds ratio (OR) was calculated adjusted by gender, impairment and state, using as a reference those children with less than 30 days in the program. ResultsThe study included 3,387 children from 177 EEP nurseries, from which 53% were male; age by group was divided in 12-24 months (22.3%), 25-36 months (37.6%) and 37-42 months (40.1%). Normal development adjusted OR by age was 1.9 (CI95%: 1.30-2.78) for 6-11 months, 2.36 (CI95%: 1.60-3.50) for 12-17 months, 2.78 (CI95%: 1.65-4.65) for 18-23 months and 3.46 (CI95%: 2.13-5.60) for >24 months. By area of development, a greater probability of having a normal result for language and social areas was observed after 6 months in the program, and for motor (both gross and fine) and knowledge areas after 12 months. ConclusionThe length of the stay in the EEP after 6 months significantly and progressively increases the probability of normal development regardless of gender and age.

기독교인 어린이집 교사의 학대 인식에 관한 질적 연구

본 연구는 어린이집에서의 학대가 빈번하게 발생하는 것과 그 영향이 심각한 현실을 반영하여, 기독교인 보육교사를 대상으로 학대에 대한 인식을 인터뷰한 심층연구이다. 연구 참여자는 어린이집 교사와 원장 9인과 아동 안전교육협회의 연구원인 보조참여자 1인이다. 연구 참여자는 5년 이상의 현장 경력, 유아교육 관련 분야의 석사과정 재학 이상의 학력, 15년 이상의 신앙 경력을 기준으로 선발되었다. 인터뷰를 통한 질적 연구가 수행되었고, 인터뷰 내용은 녹음되고 그 내용은 NVivo 10을 이용하여 전사되고 분석되었다. 기독교인 보육교사가 바라본 어린이집에서의 학대의 원인은 기독교인으로서의 소명의식 부족, 전문성 부족, 자라온 환경, 감정조절의 어려움, 과다한 업무와 낮은 보수, 스트레스, 문제행동은 하는 유아 등이었다. 기독교 신앙이 유아 학대에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 학대는 기독교 신앙의 본질에 어긋나기에, 코람데오의 정신에 어긋나기에 기독교인에 의해서 발생될 수 없으며, 신앙(인)을 어떻게 정의되는가에 대한 논의가 진지하게 이루어져야 할 것이라는 의견도 많았다. 학대를 예방하기 위한 대안으로는 교사 선발 시 인성검사 실시, 교사 교육, 교사 처우개선, 부모와 교사의 신뢰 관계 형성, CCTV 사용 등이다. 기독교적 대안은 기독교 세계관의 형성, 교사의 정체성과 소명 확인, 기독교(교회)의 교사교육 및 부모교육 등의 기독교교육 실시 등이다. 본 연구는 어린이집에서 기독교인 교사에 의한 학대를 예방하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

‘Do you want this?’ Exploring newcomer migrant girls’ peer reception in Norwegian day care: Experiences with social exclusion through the exchange of self-made artefacts

This article approaches newcomer migrant girls’ experiences with social competition and relational aggression. This the authors do through a detailed analysis of the interactional practices that a group of preschool-aged girls make use of as they socially exclude one of two newcomer migrant girls from participating in a sharing activity involving self-made artefacts. The data is drawn from ethnography combined with video recordings of natural and situated activities of the girls’ interactions in a Norwegian day-care institution over the course of nine months. Combining structural and social-constructivist perspectives, the authors discuss how a day-care group is a social field comprising multiple subfields characterized by agents struggling over position and power. Overall, this article addresses another side of the generally accepted positive view of day care for migrant children, revealing how relational aggression might be embedded within seemingly harmless activities and set in everyday child-governed activities. Finally, the authors reflect on implications for pedagogical practices and make suggestions for future research.

Primary cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent adults in the United States – A case series

Primary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is often not suspected as a cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in immune-competent adults. We present a case-series of symptomatic primary CMV infection in immunocompetent adults presenting as fever of unknown origin (FUO). All patients with CMV serology tested between November 2008 and June 2016 underwent chart review. Cases were defined as those between 18 and 65 years of age with documented fever and elevated serum anti-CMV IgM. Exclusion criteria were organ specific CMV disease, positive serum anti-EBV IgM, or presence of any immunocompromising condition. Sixteen patients (69% male, mean age 42.2±11.7years) met criteria. Mean duration of illness was 4.6±3.3 weeks. Common symptoms other than fever included fatigue (94%), night sweats (81%), malaise (75%), myalgias (63%), and headache (56%). Eleven patients (68.8%) had contact with young children; six (35.3%) patients had children in daycare. Twelve (75%) patients had extensive testing and multiple visits or hospitalizations prior to consulting with an infectious disease specialist. Peripheral smear was done in twelve (75%) patients and all had atypical lymphocytes. Five patients (31.3%) had a leukocytosis. Peak serum transaminases were: AST 115.25±50.5IU/L and ALT 168.38±92.0IU/L. One patient had splenic infarcts. In addition, two cases of hydrops fetalis were attributed to primary CMV infection. In summary, primary CMV infection can present as FUO in immunocompetent adults. Contact with young children in daycare may be a risk factor. Heightened clinical suspicion will promote earlier diagnosis and avoid unnecessary testing.

デンマークの保育所における利用者参加の展開 保護者の「発言」の経路と機能

デンマークの保育所における利用者参加の展開 保護者の「発言」の経路と機能

Child Daycare Teachers’ Role Perception, Knowledge, Self-confidence and Educational Needs Regarding Infectious Disease Management in Children

Child Daycare Teachers’ Role Perception, Knowledge, Self-confidence and Educational Needs Regarding Infectious Disease Management in Children

Factors Affecting Daycare Center Teachers’ Management of Childhood Fever

Purpose The purposes of this study were to investigate daycare teachers’ knowledge, anxiety and management of childhood fever and to identify factors affecting their management of childhood fever. Methods A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Participants were 109 daycare center teachers from G metropolitan city. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results The mean percent of correct answers for knowledge about childhood fever was 42.9%. Levels of anxiety related to children’s fever were high among day care teachers in this study. Many daycare center teachers used management practices which were not recommended for childhood fever management. There was a statistically significant difference in participants’ knowledge about childhood fever by marital status and having a child. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive correlation between daycare center teachers’ knowledge and management and negative correlation between daycare center teachers’ anxiety and management of childhood fever. Knowledge and anxiety related to childhood fever accounted for 15.2% of variance for fever management. Conclusion Results show that day care teachers’ knowledge and anxiety related to fever are important factors in predicting their fever management. Development and evaluation of educational interventions to improve daycare teachers’ childhood fever management are recommended. Key words: 어린이집; 교사; 아동; 발열; 근거기반실무 Key words: Child daycare centers; Teachers; Child; Fever; Evidence-based practice

WITHDRAWN: Day care for pre-school children.

The debate about how, where and by whom young children should be looked after is one which has occupied much social policy and media attention in recent years. Mothers undertake most of the care of young children. Internationally, out-of-home day-care provision ranges widely. These different levels of provision are not simply a response to different levels of demand for day-care, but reflect cultural and economic interests concerning the welfare of children, the need to promote mothers' participation in paid work, and the importance of socialising children into society's values. At a time when a decline in family values is held responsible for a range of social problems, the day-care debate has a special prominence. To quantify the effects of out-of-home day-care for preschool children on educational, health and welfare outcomes for children and their families. Randomised controlled trials of day-care for pre-school children were identified using electronic databases, hand searches of relevant literature, and contact with authors. Studies were included in the review if the intervention involved the provision of non-parental day care for children under 5 years of age, and the evaluation design was that of a randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trial. A total of eight trials were identified after examining 920 abstracts and 19 books. The trials were assessed for methodological quality. Day-care increases children's IQ, and has beneficial effects on behavioural development and school achievement. Long-term follow up demonstrates increased employment, lower teenage pregnancy rates, higher socio-economic status and decreased criminal behaviour. There are positive effects on mothers' education, employment and interaction with children. Effects on fathers have not been examined. Few studies look at a range of outcomes spanning the health, education and welfare domains. Most of the trials combined non-parental day-care with some element of parent training or education (mostly targeted at mothers); they did not disentangle the possible effects of these two interventions. The trials had other significant methodological weaknesses, pointing to the importance of improving on study design in this field. All the trials were carried out in the USA. Day care has beneficial effect on children's development, school success and adult life patterns. To date, all randomised trials have been conducted among disadvantaged populations in the USA. The extent to which the results are generaliseable to other cultures and socioeconomic groups has yet to be evaluated.

Perceived effective and feasible strategies to promote healthy eating in young children: focus groups with parents, family child care providers and daycare assistants.

BackgroundThe aim of the current study is to identify strategies to promote healthy eating in young children that can be applied by caregivers, based on their own perceptions of effectiveness and feasibility. Whereas previous research mainly focused on parental influences on children’s eating behavior, the growing role of other caregivers in the upbringing of children can no longer be denied.MethodsFour focus groups were conducted with three types of caregivers of post-weaning children under 6 years old: parents (n = 14), family child care providers (n = 9), and daycare assistants (n = 10). The audiotaped focus group discussions were transcribed and imported into Nvivo 10.0 for thematic analysis. The behaviors put forward by the caregivers were categorized within three broad dimensions: global influences, general behaviors, and specific feeding practices.ResultsPerceived effective strategies to promote healthy eating behavior in children included rewards, verbal encouragement, a taste-rule, sensory sensations, involvement, variation, modeling, repeated exposure, and a peaceful atmosphere. Participants mainly disagreed on the perceived feasibility of each strategy, which largely depended on the characteristics of the caregiving setting (e.g. infrastructure, policy).ConclusionsBased on former research and the current results, an intervention to promote healthy eating behaviors in young children should be adapted to the caregiving setting or focus on specific feeding practices, since these involve simple behaviors that are not hindered by the limitations of the caregiving setting. Due to various misconceptions regarding health-promoting strategies, clear instructions about when and how to use these strategies are necessary.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3710-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Gendered Solutions to the Care Gap Issue in Iceland

Iceland has for some years enjoyed an international reputation as one of the most gender-equal societies in the world. It has also received a fair amount of international attention for an innovative approach to making parental leave compatible with gender equality by dividing the period into three equally long parts with non-transferable periods reserved for both parents. Still, there is a fairly long period that needs bridging from when parental leave ends and public day-care for children begins. During this intervening period parents have to find their own solution for childcare. We interviewed Icelandic parents about their use of parental leave and the bridging of the care gap period and argue that this gap is a major hindrance in the realization of the gender equality goals of the law on parental leave. We also note that unequal division of parental leave is generally not considered to violate the ideal of gender equality.

Overview of acoustic environment of child daycare facilities in Japan: Current situation and recent researches

Demands for child daycare facilities are continuously increasing in Japan as the Japanese society is changing with respect to women's social advancement in the workforce. However, since there are virtually no guidelines for the acoustic design of daycare facilities in Japan, many daycare classrooms have been built without considering acoustics or sound insulation. As a result, the rooms tend to be too noisy and too reverberant for children in the process of language and listening acquisition. This is a report both on the present situation and architectural trend of daycare facilities and on the existing researches for the acoustic environment of daycare classrooms, aiming to share the information about daycare facilities in Japan for the discussions to develop guidelines of acoustic design.

Early Vocabulary in Relation to Gender, Bilingualism, Type, and Duration of Childcare.

This study investigates the predictive value of child-related and environmental characteristics for early lexical development. The German productive vocabulary of 51 2-year-olds (27 girls), assessed via parental report, was analyzed taking children’s gender, the type of early care they experienced, and their mono- versus bilingual language composition into consideration. The children were from an educationally homogeneous group of families and state-regulated daycare facilities with high structural quality. All investigated subgroups exhibited German vocabulary size within the expected normative range. Gender differences in vocabulary composition, but not in size, were observed. There were no general differences in vocabulary size or composition between the 2 care groups. An interaction between the predictors gender and care arrangement showed that girls without regular daycare experience before the age of 2 years had a somewhat larger vocabulary than all other investigated subgroups of children. The vocabulary size of the 2-year-old children in daycare correlated positively with the duration of their daycare experience prior to testing. The small subgroup of bilingual children investigated exhibited slightly lower but still normative German expressive vocabulary size and a different vocabulary composition compared to the monolingual children. This study expands current knowledge about relevant predictors of early vocabulary. It shows that in the absence of educational disadvantages the duration of early daycare experience of high structural quality is positively associated with vocabulary size but also points to the fact that environmental characteristics, such as type of care, might affect boys’ and girls’ early vocabulary in different ways.

Influence of educative game instrument on children's motor development in child day care

Background Child day care center is an institution functioning tohelp families to fulfil their child's need by providing stimulation witheducative game instrument (EGI) while they work outside home.Objectives To evaluate motor development of children at child daycare center with EGI stimulation compared with that of childrenwithout stimulation.Methods An experimental study using pretest-posttest control groupdesign was cartied out on children aged 2 to 5 years old, at Islamic CenterDay Care Center (without EGI) and Tanah-Besi Day Care Center inTebing Tinggi (with EGI for six months). Inclusion criteria: healthy,well-nourished children aged 2 to 5 years with informed consent, nodevelopmental delay (confirmed by Denver-II developmental screeningtest). Exclusion criteria: pre term birth children. Forty subjects wereselected by means of simple random sampling. Research data weretaken with Cronbach's motor skills scale. Subjects consisted of 3 to 4years old children, mostly four years old.Results Motor skills scores (mean; SD) of the Islamic CenterDay Care Center group and Tanah-Besi Day Care Center groupbefore stimulation were 104.9; 10.37 and 104.7; 5.47 (P=0.923),respectively, and after stimulation 105.2; 9.56 and 135.3; 7.67 (P<0.001), respectively. Motor skills scores (mean; SD) of Tanah-BesiDay Care Center group before and after stimulation were 104.7; 5.4 7and 135.3; 7.67 (P< 0.001) respectively. Motor skill dimensions score(mean; SD) ofTanah-Besi Day Care Center group before and afterstimulation: speed 28.9; 1.75 and 38.8; 2.79, stability 22.3; 1.02 and30.6; 1.57, accuracy 20.3; 1.15 and 26.7; 1.63, strength 33.3; 1.55and 39.1; 1.68, respectively with P< 0.001.Conclusions There is a significant difference in motor skillsscores and motor skill dimensions of children who receive EGIstimulation compared to those who do not.

신한옥 공공 어린이집에 나타난 건축계획적 특성에 관한 조사연구 - 서울 흥천, 서울 수락, 순창 금과 어린이집의 설계도서를 중심으로 -

Purpose: Grafting new hanok-style application technology on child daycare facility among public buildings can be an alternative that provides infant facility, which is placed at the center of social attention and interest, with pleasant nursing environment. Besides, it is expected to have a great impact on infants' and young children's emotion by helping them recognize traditional culture at early stage and furthermore can be used for villagers to experience differentiated traditional culture. Method: To investigate the recent construction of HeungCheon/SuRak/GeumGwa's Hanok child daycare facility recognizing for architectural planning characteristics in common tendency Hanok that presents a physical improvement plan for preparing the continued competitiveness. Also attention to the creative expression of the traditional spaces about the natural environment are implemented in Nurseries and we propose the possibilities that can be realized in the future Hanok child daycare facility. Result: The combination of modern materials and modern construction technology of New-hanok method with improved ability has improved the shortcomings of traditional architecture and increase the ease and safety of traditional architecture succeed the suggest direction of improvement modern society. Therefore, Hanok child daycare facility is preparing adequate capability to solve regional polarization and social care issues.

Performance of microscopy and ELISA for diagnosing Giardia duodenalis infection in different pediatric groups

Techniques for Giardia diagnosis based on microscopy are usually applied as routine laboratory testing; however, they typically exhibit low sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate Giardia duodenalis and other intestinal parasitic infections in different pediatric groups, with an emphasis on the comparison of Giardia diagnostic techniques. Feces from 824 children from different groups (diarrheic, malnourished, with cancer and from day care) were examined by microscopy and ELISA for Giardia, Cryptosporidium sp. and Entamoeba histolytica coproantigen detection. Giardia-positive samples from day-care children, identified by either microscopy or ELISA, were further tested by PCR targeting of the β-giardin and Gdh genes. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were observed when comparing the frequency of each protozoan among the groups. Giardia duodenalis was more frequent in day-care children and Cryptosporidium sp. in diarrheic and malnourished groups; infections by Entamoeba histolytica were found only in children with diarrhea. Considering positivity for Giardia by at least one method, ELISA was found to be more sensitive than microscopy (97% versus 55%). To examine discrepancies among the diagnostic methods, 71 Giardia-positive stool samples from day-care children were tested by PCR; of these, DNA was amplified from 51 samples (77.4%). Concordance of positivity between microscopy and ELISA was found for 48 samples, with 43 confirmed by PCR. Parasite DNA was amplified from eleven of the 20 Giardia samples (55%) identified only by ELISA. This study shows the higher sensitivity of ELISA over microscopy for Giardia diagnosis when a single sample is analyzed and emphasizes the need for methods based on coproantigen detection to identify this parasite in diarrheic fecal samples.

Aggressive Behavior of Children in a Daycare Center

Abstract The present work examined aggressive behavior in a sample of children attending a child daycare center in relation to their teachers' behaviors and the types of activities proposed by them. Four teachers and their respective students were observed for an average of six sessions, during which they performed activities, which could be free (without instruction) or guided. The most frequent behaviors were pushing/pulling, fighting over objects/taking an object from someone else, and kicking/throwing objects, with 77.61% of the aggressive behavior occurring during the free activities. An association between free activities and aggressive behavior was found. The categories kicking/throwing, fighting over objects/taking an object from someone else and slapping the face were associated with free activity. These results indicate the need for more attention directed toward children's free activities, providing them with adequate space for play and diverse opportunities for exploration and object manipulation.

Risk epidemiology and child protection statistics in early childhood – a pilot study in southern Germany

In contrast to many other countries in Europe, Germany lacks sufficient empirical data on the incidence/prevalence of child maltreatment and its risk factors. This pilot study generated systematic data on the prevalence of child abuse and neglect and its risk factors in Germany. Using a newly developed questionnaire (ESM1 and ESM2) on child abuse and neglect as well as indicators for risk factors, we conducted a survey on 35 child daycare centers in a county in southern Germany, the goal being to generate reliable data. The questionnaire and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was completed by daycare professionals for every child between 4 and under 7 years who was attending the participating daycare center (1,122 children). Child maltreatment was reported in 13.2 % of the cases, and risk factors for future child maltreatment were detected in 38.4 % cases. This study demonstrates that systematic data collection concerning child protection is feasible in child daycare centers. In the future, we recommend that local child protection networks be modified on the basis of reliable empirical data.

AHP분석을 통한 어린이집 평가인증지표에 대한 중요도 연구 : 경남지역 40인 이상 어린이집을 중심으로

본 연구는 경남지역 40인 이상 어린이집을 대상으로 AHP분석을 통해 보육시설평가인증지표에 대한 중요도와 우선순위를 밝히고자 하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 경남지역 40인 이상 어린이집에서는 보육시설평가인증지표 상위영역에서는 안전을 가장 중요시 하였다. 둘째, 보육시설평가인증지표 하위영역에서는 40인 이상 어린이집 운영주체에 따라 보육환경, 상호작용과 교수법, 안전 영역에서 중요도와 우선순위에서 차이가 있었다. 보육환경에서는 법인과 민간 어린이집에서 보육지원환경을 중요시하였고, 국공립 어린이집에서는 보육시설환경을 중요시 여겼다. 상호작용과 교수법에서는 법인 어린이집에서는 교수법을, 공립과 민간 어린이집에서는 교사의 상호작용을 더 중요시 하였다. 안전에서는 국공립 어린이집은 실내외 시설의 안전을, 법인과 민간 어린이집에서는 영유아의 안전보호를 중요시 하였다. 셋째, 40인 이상 어린이집 운영주체에 따른 보육시설평가인증지표에 대한 전체 중요도와 우선순위에서 법인 어린이집은 영유아의 안전보호, 실내외 시설안전, 급식과 간식 순이었고, 국공립 어린이집은 실내외 시설안전, 영유아의 안전보호, 보육과정의 보육활동이었다. 민간 어린이집은 영유아의 안전보호, 실내외 시설안전, 청결과 위생 순이었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 어린이집 운영 및 평가인증지표 개선에 필요한 기초자료와 보육정책에 관한 제안을 하였다.

Characteristics of child daycare centres associated with clustering of major enteropathogens.

Insights into transmission dynamics of enteropathogens in children attending daycare are limited. Here we aimed at identifying daycare centre (DCC) characteristics associated with time-clustered occurrence of enteropathogens in DCC-attending children. For this purpose, we used the KIzSS network, which comprises 43 DCCs that participated in infectious disease surveillance in The Netherlands during February 2010-February 2013. Space-time scan statistics were used to identify clusters of rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. in a two-dimensional DCC characteristic space constructed using canonical correlation analysis. Logistic regression models were then used to further identify DCC characteristics associated with increased or decreased odds for clustering of enteropathogens. Factors associated with increased odds for enteropathogen clustering in DCCs were having indoor/outdoor paddling pools or sandpits, owning animals, high numbers of attending children, and reporting outbreaks to local health authorities. Factors associated with decreased odds for enteropathogen clustering in DCCs were cleaning child potties in designated waste disposal stations, cleaning vomit with chlorine-based products, daily cleaning of toys, extra cleaning of toys during a suspected outbreak, and excluding children with gastroenteritis. These factors provide targets for reducing the burden of gastrointestinal morbidity associated with time-clustered occurrence of major enteropathogens in DCC attendees.

Improving hand hygiene compliance in child daycare centres: a randomized controlled trial.

Gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children attending daycare centres (DCCs) are common and compliance with hand hygiene (HH) guidelines to prevent infections is generally low. An intervention was developed to increase HH compliance and reduce infections in DCCs. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention on HH compliance. The intervention was evaluated in a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial in 71 DCCs in The Netherlands. Thirty-six DCCs received the intervention including: (1) HH products; (2) training about HH guidelines; (3) two team training sessions aimed at goal setting and formulating HH improvement activities; and (4) reminders and cues for action (posters/stickers). Intervention DCCs were compared to 35 control DCCs that continued usual practice. HH compliance of caregivers and children was observed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months follow-up. Using multilevel logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained for the intervention effect. Of 795 caregivers, 5042 HH opportunities for caregivers and 5606 opportunities for supervising children's HH were observed. At 1 month follow-up caregivers' compliance in intervention DCCs was 66% vs. 43% in control DCCs (OR 6·33, 95% CI 3·71-10·80), and at 6 months 59% vs. 44% (OR 4·13, 95% CI 2·33-7·32). No effect of the intervention was found on supervising children's HH (36% vs. 32%; OR 0·64, 95% CI 0·18-2·33). In conclusion, HH compliance of caregivers increased due to the intervention, therefore dissemination of the intervention can be considered.