Day Care Research Articles

Healthy development of preschool children under pandemic conditions from the perspective of educational specialists in daycare centers

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Coronaviruspandemie erschwerte durch Schließungen von KiTas die professionelle Unterstützung der altersgerechten Entwicklung von Vorschulkindern. Soziale Isolation, familiäre Belastungen und eingeschränkte Freizeit- und Betreuungsangebote können zu entwicklungsrelevanten Defiziten in Sprache und Sozialverhalten von Kindern führen. Welche Auswirkungen die KiTa-Schließungen auf die altersgerechte Entwicklung von Vorschulkindern hatten, wird auf Basis einer explorativen Analyse der Perspektive von pädagogischen KiTa-Fachkräfte untersucht. Methodik Die Erhebung möglicher Auffälligkeiten in der kindlichen Entwicklung nach Rückkehr der Kinder in die KiTa sowie der hier vorliegenden Einflussfaktoren basiert auf leitfadengestützten Telefoninterviews mit pädagogischen Fachkräften der Kindertagesbetreuung (n = 16) zwischen 11/2021 und 05/2022 in einem niedersächsischen Landkreis. Die Auswertung erfolgte anhand inhaltlich strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz. Qualitative Gruppenvergleiche wurden nach Wohnort, KiTa-Größe und Betreuungskonzept durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Die Fachkräfte berichteten Auffälligkeiten der Kinder im Bereich der sozial-emotionalen, sprachlichen und motorischen Entwicklung. Innerfamiliäre Förderung, der Wohnort und die Teilnahme an der Notbetreuung werden als Einflussfaktoren identifiziert. Eine innerfamiliäre Förderung während der Schließzeiten, ein ländlicher Wohnort und die Teilnahme an der Notbetreuung zeigten einen positiven Einfluss auf die motorische Entwicklung. Laut Fachkräften hatte die Teilnahme an der Notbetreuung und innerfamiliäre Unterstützung in der häuslichen Betreuung zudem eine protektive Wirkung auf die sozialemotional und die sprachliche Entwicklung. Schlussfolgerung Vorschulkinder entwickelten sich während der Coronaviruspandemie aus Sicht der pädagogischen Fachkräfte je nach Betreuungsmöglichkeiten und Wohnort unterschiedlich. Eine altersgerechte Förderung innerhalb der Familie und in Betreuungseinrichtungen sowie der sichere Zugang zu Bewegungsräumen sind wichtige Komponenten einer gesunden kindlichen Entwicklung, die in zukünftigen Pandemien aufgrund ihrer Relevanz besonders zu berücksichtigen sind. Der Zugang zu niedrigschwelligen und naturnahen Bewegungsräumen in städtischen wie in ländlichen Regionen ist zu prüfen und verstärkt zu fördern. Die Implementierung und Evaluation kleinerer Betreuungsgruppen in KiTas mit individuelleren Fördermöglichkeiten werden empfohlen.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Anhui Province, China, 2012-2021: Surveillance Study.

Varicella is a mild, self-limited disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Recently, the disease burden of varicella has been gradually increasing in China; however, the epidemiological characteristics of varicella have not been reported for Anhui Province. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021, which can provide a basis for the future study and formulation of varicella prevention and control policies in the province. Surveillance data were used to characterize the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021 in terms of population, time, and space. Spatial autocorrelation of varicella was explored using the Moran index (Moran I). The Kulldorff space-time scan statistic was used to analyze the spatiotemporal aggregation of varicella. A total of 276,115 cases of varicella were reported from 2012 to 2021 in Anhui, with an average annual incidence of 44.8 per 100,000, and the highest incidence was 81.2 per 100,000 in 2019. The male-to-female ratio of cases was approximately 1.26, which has been gradually decreasing in recent years. The population aged 5-14 years comprised the high-incidence group, although the incidence in the population 30 years and older has gradually increased. Students accounted for the majority of cases, and the proportion of cases in both home-reared children (aged 0-7 years who are not sent to nurseries, daycare centers, or school) and kindergarten children (aged 3-6 years) has changed slightly in recent years. There were two peaks of varicella incidence annually, except for 2020, and the incidence was typically higher in the winter peak than in summer. The incidence of varicella in southern Anhui was higher than that in northern Anhui. The average annual incidence at the county level ranged from 6.61 to 152.14 per 100,000, and the varicella epidemics in 2018-2021 were relatively severe. The spatial and temporal distribution of varicella in Anhui was not random, with a positive spatial autocorrelation found at the county level (Moran I=0.412). There were 11 districts or counties with high-high clusters, mainly distributed in the south of Anhui, and 3 districts or counties with high-low or low-high clusters. Space-time scan analysis identified five possible clusters of areas, and the most likely cluster was distributed in the southeastern region of Anhui. This study comprehensively describes the epidemiology and changing trend of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021. In the future, preventive and control measures should be strengthened for the key populations and regions of varicella.

Nonelective cesarean section is associated with the prevalence of asthma among Mexican children who attended childcare centers.

The cesarean section (CS) mode of delivery can influence the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR), or atopic dermatitis (AD) by promoting modifications in the infantile microbiome. To analyze the prevalence of asthma in children who were born through CS and attended childcare centers. The data were obtained through an online survey that was answered anonymously by one of the parents; the survey inquired about the route of delivery of the child and the prevalence of BA, AR, and AD. A total of 525 children were included. The frequency of births by vaginal, elective CS, or nonelective CS was 34.1%, 37.9%, and 28.0%, respectively, and the prevalence of BA, AR, and AD was 4.8%, 19.8%, and 12.4%, respectively. Multivariate analyses identified nonelective CS as a factor associated with the prevalence of BA (odds ratio: 3.51, P = 0.026). Our study shows that being born through nonelective CS can increase the probability of BA in children who attended daycare centers.

Prevalence of enteroparasitoses in children enrolled in a municipal day care center of São José dos Campos in the neighborhood of Buquirinha

Parasitic diseases represent a major public health problem, affecting people of all ages, but do not arouse medical investigative interest. Children are the most affected due to poor hygiene and poor health education. This work aims to analyze the prevalence of parasitosis in children, correlating it with socioeconomic data. Cross-sectional study, carried out in a rural daycare center in the municipality of São José dos Campos, located in the Paraíba Valley, covering children enrolled from 1 to 6 years old regardless of sex. Totaling 57 children; 5% positive for Giardia duodenalis. It is concluded that although the neighborhood has rural characteristics, the number of positive tests can be masked due to the routine prescription and self-medication of antiparasitic drugs.

Validation of the Inclusion Scale

Despite the importance of inclusion in education, studies that clearly define and operationalize the concept of early childhood inclusive education in South Korea remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to translate and validate a comprehensive measurement scale to assess Korean early childhood teachers' attitudes and perceptions regarding inclusion. We analyzed data from a group of 224 respondents from 82 daycare centers in South Korea and tested the inclusion scale's internal consistency, subscale reliability, and content and construct validity. The exploratory factor analysis identified four factors with varying number of items in each factor. Researchers could use this instrument to better understand Korean teachers' beliefs about themselves with respect to inclusive education. Implications for research include the utility of the survey instrument with Korean early childhood teachers.

Maternal Stress and its Associated Factors among Working Nurses in Public Sector Tertiary Care Teaching Hospitals, Karachi

Maternal stress has been identified as an epidemic that has a detrimental effect on work productivity and personal and professional growth. Objectives: To determine maternal stress and its associated factors among working nurses in public sector tertiary care teaching hospitals in Karachi, Sindh. Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished at Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi and Dow University Hospital Karachi. A total of 131 nurses were approached by a convenient non-probability sampling method. The Parental Stress Scale was used for data collection. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0. Chi-square test was applied out to find an association between maternal stress and associated factors. Results: Nurses reported 72 (55%) mild parental stress, 58 (44.3%) parental moderate stress, and 1 (1%) severe parental stress. Nurses belonging to the younger age group, widowed or divorced, had mild parental stress, while nurses who lived with their husbands had lesser moderate stress. Female participants with one child of either gender, whose more family members were earning, had less tendency to have mild parental stress. A statistically significant association was found between working nurses' parental stress level and age group (p-value=0.005). Conclusions: It was concluded that nurses reported mild, moderate, and severe maternal stress. Hence, it is increasingly imperative to create facilities like daycare centers and offer them the flexibility to perform their job effectively

유아교사의 사회인지적 마음챙김이 창의성에 미치는 영향: 감정지능과 인지적 유연성의 순차적 매개효과 검증을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to verify the sequential mediating effects of emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility on the relationship between early childhood teachers' socio- cognitive mindfulness and creativity to examine individual internal factors that affect the creativity of early childhood teachers. For the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted targeting 225 homeroom teachers working in daycare centers and kindergartens located across the country. For the collected data, the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation were calculated and the relationships among the major variables were examined through a Pearson's moment correlation coefficient analysis. The main findings are as follows. First, the level of socio-cognitive mindfulness, emotional intelligence, cognitive flexibility and creativity of the participants in the study were all above usual. Second, it was found that emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility were sequential partial mediating effects on the individual impacts of socio-cognitive mindfulness on creativity. These results recall the importance of early childhood teachers' creativity and provide basic data on how to improve early childhood teachers' creativity, which was found to be insufficient. In addition, in research on socio-cognitive mindfulness, emotional intelligence, and cognitive flexibility, which are factors that affect the creativity of early childhood teachers, is of great academic significance in that this study provides basic data on antecedent factors that help early childhood teachers address various situations or solve a range of problems.

아버지의 온라인 양육참여와 부모역할만족도 간 관계

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between fathers' online involvement and parental satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 438 fathers among parents of daycare centers located in Gyeonggi-do. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to understand the characteristics of the study subjects and the relationship between each variable. The results of this study were as follows. First, the level of the father's online involvement was at a medium level. Among the sub-factors of online involvement, ‘sharing responsibility for child-rearing’ and ‘leisure time with children’ were relatively high. And the father's parental satisfaction was found to be at a slightly high level. According to the results of the sub-question, it was high in the order of sharing photos and videos of children with spouses, discussing children's development, finding out performance information and ticket reservations to live a cultural life with children, checking usage information on the website to go to amusement facilities with children, and purchasing educational supplies necessary for children. Second, there was a positive correlation between father's online involvement and parental satisfaction, and father's online involvement was found to have a significant impact on parental role satisfaction. This study revealed the reality and value of fathers' online parenting participation in modern society where technology is used in all aspects of life. In particular, the results show that fathers are more active in communicating with their spouses than taking a leading role with their children online, which is expected to have implications for establishing father support policies to help them become active caregivers.

유아의 정서조절과 또래유능성 간의 관계에서 문제행동의 병렬다중매개효과

The purpose of this study is to analyze the parallel multiple mediating effect of problem behavior in the relationship between Young children‘s emotional regulation and peer competence in children. The subjects of this study were infants aged 3 to 5 staying at a kindergarten and daycare center located in G city, and 217 copies of the questionnaire were analyzed. For the collected data, SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS macro 4.3 programs were used, and the following research results were derived. First, Young childre’s emotional regulation had a positive effect on peer competence. Second, Young Children’s emotional regulation had a negative effect on problem behavior. Third, among the sub-contents of Young children's problem behavior, only hostility-aggression and hyperactivity- attention had a negative effect on peer competence. However, among Young children's problem behavior, anxiety-fear did not affect peer competence. Fourth, in the relationship between Young children's emotional regulation and peer competence, only the sub-contents of Young children's problem behavior, hostility-aggression and hyperactivity-attention, were found to have a partial mediating effect. However, in the relationship between Young children's emotional regulation and peer competence, anxiety-fear did not show a mediating effect among the sub-contents of Young children's problem behavior. These results suggest that in order to increase a child's peer competence, it is necessary to carefully observe situations in which hostile-aggression, hyperactivity-attention, and anxiety-fear, which are sub-contents of the Young childrens’ Problem behavior, recognize that it is a Problem behavior, and then provide desirable guidance.

아버지의 공감능력이 유아의 사회적 유능성에 미치는 영향: 가족건강성의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between father's empathy ability and infant's social competence and to verify the mediating effect of family strength. For this purpose, a survey was conducted targeting 549 fathers of children attending a public daycare center in G-si, Gyeonggi-do.
 The collected data were subjected to reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 23.0, and the Sobel Test was conducted to ensure the significance of mediation verification.
 First, the results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the father's empathy ability and the infant's social competence, the empathy ability and family strength, and the infant's social competence and family strength. Second, family strength played a partial mediating role in the effect of father's empathy ability on infant's social competence.
 The results of this study are valuable in that they were able to reveal that the father's empathy ability and family strength are factors that affect the social competence of infants, and support is provided to improve fathers' parenting capabilities to increase the social competence of infants.
 It is significant that it suggests that a solution is needed.

위탁 어린이집 원장의 현실과 대안 모색

The purpose of this study is to examine the problems of foster daycare centers and to suggest alternatives. Based on the importance of infant education, it was seen that the number of national and public daycare centers and workplace daycare centers increased during reservation integration. There are several problems in operating national, public, and workplace daycare centers, and it was found that there were problems related to reconsignment and instability of the director's status. The problems of the entrusted daycare center and their solutions were presented in two ways. First, it is the instability of the status that comes from the consignment screening process. In order to solve these problems, the director of daycare centers should be recognized as a worker. In addition, national and public daycare centers need to operate by rotating the heads of national and public daycare centers in the region rather than re-entrustment screening, and implement a circular job system so that they can demonstrate their skills. Second, close cooperation with the operating entities related to consignment is required. Related entities are also involved in the operation of daycare centers due to a lack of understanding of childcare work, market economy logic, and corporate logic. In order to solve this problem, various subjects and managers related to daycare centers need to be educated to enhance the importance of childcare work and understanding of the childcare field. Institutional managers and parents need to recognize that daycare centers are not institutions operated by employee welfare, but are specialized childcare institutions that do their best to grow and raise children. It is necessary to change the perception of the mindset to respect and cooperate with childcare teachers, and the subject of the establishment of daycare centers and the trustee should provide parental education in which daycare centers can be recognized as one institution.

Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) Impact for Traumatized Children-Meaningful Change on Attachment Security and Mental Health after One Year.

Children from vulnerable backgrounds often have insecure attachment or disorganized attachment, which are related to psychological troubles, and such children need interventions to help them heal. The attachment system reorganizes in middle childhood, and other important adults play a considerable role in children's lives. Thus, it is essential to weigh the impact of psychosocial interventions, while the main focus of the intervention is the staff member's direct work with the child through a trusting relationship. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether children's attachment security and mental health outcomes change after participating in a trauma-informed, attachment-based, Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) provided in a daycare center. It was a case-series study involving twelve children aged 8-11 years. The child attachment interview (CAI), CBCL/6-18, TRF/6-18, and clinical interviews for parents and children were used, measuring the change between the TBRI implementation in the daycare center and after one year. For ten participants, we noticed an improvement in mental health; for seven participants, security scales improved; for two participants, their disorganized attachment changed into insecure-dismissing. We have preliminary evidence that vulnerable children may benefit in terms of attachment security and mental health from the trusting relationship that staff build using the TBRI.

Effects of a large-scale program for the construction of daycare and preschool centers on cognitive skills and female employment

ABSTRACT This paper assesses the impacts of a large-scale program aimed at constructing daycare and preschool centers in Brazil named Proinfância, which funded new buildings in nearly 45% of the municipalities between 2008 and 2017. We find a significant increase in early education care in the jurisdictions that participated in the program more than a decade after it had started: 4 percentage points in the attendance rate for infants aged up to three and six percentage points for children aged 4 to 5. However, the improvements in public schools' scores in ‘Prova Brasil’, which is a national exam for elementary school children, are small (at most 1%). Despite this, the program significantly helped increase female labor force participation, especially considering low-educated workers, but also with a small magnitude (1 percentage point). The results suggest that a faster increase in the coverage of public infant education would lead to more pronounced effects on children's development and female participation in the workforce.

Interaction of indoor air contaminants and respiratory health among children in the daycare centers

Interaction of indoor air contaminants and respiratory health among children in the daycare centers

Manifestations of the ethics of hospitality at children's hospitality centres in Saudi Arabia

AbstractEarly childhood education is an institutional introduction of children to the world, making it essential for policymakers, educators and society to find the best way to provide such an introduction. Following a new policy in Saudi Arabia, daycare centres have been renamed ‘hospitality centres’, bringing a set of duties and rights rooted deep in the ethics of hospitality. However, empirical research on nursery provision is generally lacking in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined the experiences of children and caregivers in two children's hospitality centres in the capital city of Riyadh. Through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews and field observations, the authors observed and listened to the experiences of educators and children in two of the new hospitality centres. Open and focused coding of the interviews and structured observations helped to identify the way the ethics of hospitality manifested itself in the daily experiences of the caregivers/hosts and the children/guests. The results demonstrated the complexity of the situations in which the ethics of hospitality encountered reality.

Early Childhood Care in the Former East Germany and Mental Stress in Adulthood.

It is still debated in Germany whether early childhood care outside the family might cause mental stress in adulthood. In the German Democratic Republic (GDR-the former East Germany before unification), children were often cared for outside the family from a very early age. To determine the relation between early childhood care outside the family and mental stress in adulthood, we carried out a survey among 1575 persons who were born and socialized in the GDR. They were classified into four care groups according to the age at which they were first cared for outside the family. Associations with depressiveness, somatization disorders, and anxiety disorders in adulthood were tested with logistic regression analysis. Care group-specific prevalences of experiences of abuse and neglect in childhood were estimated with analysis of variance. Comparisons of persons cared for outside the family before the age of three, or from the age of three onward, with persons cared for within the family in their preschool years did not reveal any difference with respect to depressiveness (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [0.58; 1.55]; OR = 1.05 [0.63; 1.74]), somatization disorders (OR = 1.11 [0.74; 1.67]; OR = 1.09 [0.71; 1.66]), or anxiety disorders (OR = 0.87 [0.46; 1.64]; OR = 1.12 [0.59; 2.10]). Nor were there any intergroup differences with respect to experiences of abuse and neglect. Certain features of the very small group of children who had long-term care outside the family are discussed in the article. No relation was found between earlychildhood care in day-care centers in the GDR and mental stress in adulthood. The data were too sparse for any conclusions about specific aspects of care outside the home (e.g., quality or child-rearing norms).

Le neurodéveloppement et la neuroprotection du jeune enfant

In France, the most pessimistic estimates put the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) at 15 % of births. The two largest populations of newborns at highest risk of NDD are premature babies and babies born into siblings with one or more infants who already have an autism spectrum disorder or another NDD. The high prevalence of these disorders justifies a health promotion policy, centred on the child and his or her family. Prevention is based on the early identification of high-risk factors, by informing families and training pregnancy and early childhood professionals, and implementing perinatal prevention protocols for high-risk newborns (antenatal corticosteroid therapy and magnesium sulfate for women at risk of preterm delivery before 32 weeks, developmental care, therapeutic hypothermia for full-term infants with early neonatal encephalopathy presumed to be anoxic). Preventing the severity of NDD depends on their early identification, as early as possible in the highest plastic “1000 days” developmental window, a smooth flow of diagnosis and care for mothers and children, and the establishment of an ecosystem that includes multi-modal early intervention, at the best in multi-disciplinary teams such as the early medical and social action centres, support for families through guidance programs and inclusion in the community, first in day-care centers and then in nursery schools.

영유아교사의 전문성 인식, 놀이신념, 놀이교수효능감이 놀이지원역량에 미치는 영향

Objectives In this study, the relationship between early childhood teachers' professional perception, play belief, play teaching efficacy, and play support capabilities was identified, and the effect of early childhood teachers' professional perception, play belief, and play teaching efficacy on play support capabilities was analyzed.
 Methods Data on the scale of professionalism perception, play belief, play teaching efficacy, and play support capability were collected from 166 infant teachers working at daycare centers located in A and S cities in Chungcheongnam-do. The collected data were subjected to frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability tests, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS ver. 22.0 program.
 Results First, there was a significant positive correlation between early childhood teachers' professional perception, play belief, play teaching efficacy, and play support competency. Second, when examining the influence of early childhood teachers' professional perception, play belief, and play teaching efficacy on play support competency, it was found that play belief and play teaching efficacy had a significant effect on play support competency, but professional awareness did not significantly affect play support competency.
 Conclusions The results of this study suggest the necessity of developing a systematic educational program to develop professionalism awareness, play beliefs, and play teaching efficacy in order to develop the play support capabilities of early childhood teachers.

Access to Children’s Perspectives?

Within the field of early childhood education, the Nordic model is characterised as being child-centred and holistic, based on children’s participation, democracy, autonomy, and freedom. Despite a strong tradition of incorporating children’s perspectives, research has identified it as a democratic problem that children continue to occupy a non-privileged position in which their voices are often unheard or disregarded in many contexts. Similarly, there is a tendency to apply adult-led methods, such as interviews, which can hinder the openness to children’s diverse ways of communicating, which is not just through verbal expressions. In this article, we position ourselves within what we perceive as the second wave of research on child perspectives in which the research interest converges on exploring how children’s perspectives are connected with the contexts in which children participate. Drawing on agential realism and an empirical example from a daycare centre, we demonstrate how children’s perspectives emerge from and become entangled with pedagogues, ethics, spaces, materials and discourse. Thus, the question is not about gaining access to children’s perspectives, but rather to be concerned with the interactions wherein children’s perspectives can emerge. This involves a critical view of the structures and basic assumptions that manifest themselves in the daily life of daycare centres and which underlie, and can result in, a subordination of children and children’s perspectives.

LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG REGISTERED NURSES WORKING IN CLINICAL AREA AT TEACHING HOSPITAL: A STUDY FROM LOCAL POPULATION

Job satisfaction is crucial to a nurse's life, impacting patient safety, productivity, performance, quality of care, and commitment to the organization and the profession. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of job satisfaction among registered nurses working at different local hospital of Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey design with a sample of 102 registered nurses selected through random sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data, and the inclusion criteria were comprised of female regular nurses registered with the Pakistan Nursing Council. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and secondary data, which consisted of 30 questions, was collected. All participants in this study were female, most of whom were aged between 26 and 30 (53.92%). Most respondents (89, 87.3%) had a diploma in general nursing, and most had working experience ranging from 6 months to 5 years (49, 48.0%). The majority of the respondents were married (58, 56.9%). Out of 102 respondents, 63 (61.77%) were satisfied, 45 (44.12%) were neutral, and 14 (13.72%) were dissatisfied. The corresponding percentage in the satisfied category (61.77%) is higher than in the remaining categories. Nurses are not entirely satisfied with their work. The level of job satisfaction among nurses varies with age, qualification, working experience, and marital status. At different local hospital of Multan., nurses are not fully satisfied with their jobs due to more patients than staff nurses, low salaries, job insecurity, lack of opportunities for promotion, and no daycare center for the duty staff's children.