Date Of Creation Research Articles

Social media growth of orthopaedic surgery residency programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUNDIn the Spring of 2020, residency programs across the country experienced rapid and drastic changes to their application process as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In response, residency programs shifted to virtual events and began harnessing social media to communicate with applicants.AIMTo analyze the changes in social media usage by orthopaedic surgery programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODSBased on the 2019 residency and fellowship electronic database, accredited US orthopaedic surgery programs were reviewed for social media presence on Instagram and Twitter. Approximately 47000 tweets from 2011-2021 were extracted through the Twitter application programming interface. We extracted: Total number of followers, accounts following, tweets, likes, date of account creation, hashtags, and mentions. Natural language processing was utilized for tweet sentiment analysis and classified as positive, neutral, or negative. Instagram data was collected and deemed current as of August 11, 2021. The account foundation date analysis was based on the date recognized as the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, before or after March 1, 2020.RESULTSA total of 85 (42.3%) orthopaedic surgery residency program Twitter handles were identified. Thirty-five (41.2%) programs joined Twitter in the nine months after the 2020 covid outbreak. In 2020, there was a 126.6% increase in volume of tweets by orthopaedic surgery residency accounts as compared to 2019. The median number of followers was 474.5 (interquartile range 205.0-796.5). The account with the highest number of tweets was Hospital for Special Surgery (@HSpecialSurgery) with 13776 tweets followed by University of Virginia (@UVA_Ortho) with 5063 and Yale (@OrthoAtYale) with 899. Sentiment analysis before 2020 revealed 30.4% positive, 60.8% neutral, and 8.8% negative sentiments across tweets. Interestingly, the positive sentiment percentage increased in 2020 from 30.4% to 34.5%. Of the 201 ACGME-accredited orthopaedic residency programs on Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database, 115 (57.2%) participate on Instagram, with 101 (87.8%) identified as “resident”-managed vs 14 (12.2%) identified as “department”-managed. Over three quarters (77.4%) of Instagram accounts were created after March 1, 2020. The average number of followers per account was 1089.5 with an average of 58.9 total posts. CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates a substantial growth of Instagram and Twitter presence by orthopaedic surgery residency programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data suggest that orthopaedic residency programs have utilized social media as a new way to communicate with applicants and showcase their programs in light of the challenges presented by the pandemic.

The trajectory of the “Možno ja X?” construction: variation in speech acts of request in contemporary Russian

I explore the ongoing language change in which the impersonal modal word možno ‘can, be possible’ takes a personal clause (možno + nom) as its complement instead of the Experiencer in the Dative case (možno + dat) and the infinitival clause in the speech act of request in Contemporary Russian. The corpus-based evidence reveals that the construction možno + dat is gradually being replaced by možno + nom. I discuss various syntactic and pragmatic factors such as verb class, aspect, transitivity and politeness strategies that motivate the choice of a specific modal construction. Methods of statistical modelling, used to sort out the most significant factors contributing to the choice of construction, show that the most important factor is the date of creation of the text. I propose a scenario for the development of the možno + nom construction. First, možno began to be used as a tag-question after both infinitive and personal clauses. The requester marked by the Dative has been steadily replaced by the more agentive Subject in the Nominative case. Then, by analogy with the možno + dat construction, možno was placed at the beginning of the sentence and was reanalyzed as a constructional unit with the following structure: možno + finite clause, in which možno functions as a sentence adverb.

Characteristics of patients positive for COVID-19 and multidrug-resistant organisms in Tennessee, 2020–2021

Background: Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are a global threat. To track and contain the spread, the Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) performs targeted surveillance of carbapenemase-producing and pan-nonsusceptible organisms. When these MDROs are identified, TDH conducts a containment response and collects epidemiological data, which includes risk factors such as indwelling devices and previous hospitalizations. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these MDROs is not well understood. Therefore, we have described the characteristics of cases positive for both COVID-19 and select MDROs. Methods: MDRO investigation data from January 1, 2020–September 30, 2021 were matched with all COVID-19 case data from the TDH statewide surveillance system, National Electronic Disease Surveillance System Base System. MDRO-positive date was defined as the specimen collection date; COVID-19 case date was first defined as the date of symptom onset and if missing, then diagnosis date, and investigation creation date, respectively. Descriptive statistics and Fisher exact tests were calculated using SAS version 9.4 software. Results: Among 336 MDRO cases, 50 had a reported SARS-CoV-2–positive result. MDRO types were Enterobacterales (CRE) (n = 31), Acinetobacter spp (CRA) (n = 18), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1). Of these 50 cases, 20 were MDRO-positive before and 30 days after the COVID-19 case date, respectively. Of the 18 CRA cases, 16 (89%), were positive after the COVID-19 case date, compared to 13 (42%) among 31 CRE cases (P < .01). Also, 35 patients (70%) had a record of hospitalization, and 22 (63%) had their MDRO specimen collected after the COVID-19 case date (P = .37). Of these 22 patients, 4 had their MDRO specimen collected during their COVID-19 hospitalization, with an average duration from admission to MDRO collection date of 17 days (range, 4–36). Among the 50 coinfected cases, 8 died, 7 (88%) of whom were MDRO-positive after their COVID-19 case date. Data on indwelling devices at time of MDRO positivity were completed for 17 cases; 14 had an indwelling device and, among these, 13 (93%) were MDRO-positive after their COVID-19 case date. Conclusions: MDRO cases with specimen collections after COVID-19 comprised the majority of hospitalized patients, patients who died, and patients with indwelling devices compared to those with MDROs collected before their COVID-19 case date. These results show a stark difference with CRA as the most common MDRO among post–COVID-19 cases. Our data were limited by reporting gaps. We recognize that patients can remain colonized with MDROs for lengthy durations, which could have result in undetected MDRO cases prior to the COVID-19 case date. More data and analyses are needed to make targeted public health recommendations. However, these findings highlight the burden of MDROs among COVID-19 cases. including adverse health outcomes.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

The use of social media and virtual opportunities by integrated vascular surgery residency programs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the 2021 match application cycle as in person sub-internships and interviews have been halted. Given the abrupt change, we aimed to characterize the utilization of social media and virtual open house platforms by integrated vascular surgery residency programs for outreach and networking during the pandemic for the 2021 cycle. A list of accredited integrated vascular surgery residency programs was compiled using the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) website provided by the Academic Medical Colleges (AMC). The social media platforms Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook were queried for accounts associated with the training programs or their associated institutional vascular surgery divisions. Each discovered account was surveyed for date of creation as well as posts outlining virtual interactive events such as open houses, meet-and-greets, and virtual sub-internship opportunities. Slopes of the curves representing total account numbers and account numbers on each platform were compared from pre-COVID to current day using linear regression and t-statistics. There were 64 integrated vascular surgery residency programs participating in the 2021 match cycle. 70.3% (N = 45) of programs had a social media presence on at least one of the three platforms. 54.7% (N = 35) of programs had an associated Twitter account. 43.9% (N = 28) of programs had an associated Instagram account. Six (9.4%) programs were found on Facebook. The number of social media accounts significantly increased from March 2020 (37 vs 69, p < .001) to March 2021. Vascular surgery residency programs have significantly increased use of social media platforms over a 12-month period beginning in March 2020, indicating adaptation to the restrictions prompted by the pandemic.

Complementary and alternative therapies for stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background:Stable angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease is a clinical syndrome of rapid transient ischemia and hypoxia of myocardium due to the increase of myocardial load on the basis of fixed severe coronary artery stenosis. In recent years, the incidence rate of this disease has been rising steadily, which seriously threatens human life and health. When the disease occurs, its complementary and alternative therapy can relieve chest pain, improve cardiac function, and reduce adverse events. However, in retrospect of all the studies, we lack systematic analysis of the efficacy and safety of various complementary and alternative therapies. The curative effects were ranked. On the basis of these findings, we conducted a study of complementary and alternative therapy in patients with coronary heart disease, and proposed a network meta-analysis (NMA) protocol to explore the efficacy of different complementary and alternative therapies.Methods:We will comprehensively search the Chinese and English databases from the creation date to January 15, 2022. The randomized controlled trials of the supplementary and alternative treatment of stable angina pediatrics in patients with coronary heart disease and the relevant literature of the ongoing trials will be published. The 2 researchers will conduct literature screening and data extraction independently, using Cochrane system evaluator manual 5 3. The recommended bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included study, Q-test was used and combined with heterogeneity analysis, and the analysis sensitivity was observed. The Review Manager 5.4 software provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network is used to statistically analyze the included literature, and the obtained results are made into forest map and funnel map for data analysis and processing. It is suggested that the evaluation will be used to formulate and evaluate the level, so as to classify the quality of NMA evidence.Results:Through analysis, we will get the efficacy and safety ranking of different complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of stable angina pediatrics in patients with coronary heart disease, so as to provide further reference for the selection of clinical treatment methods.Conclusion:The complementary and alternative treatment of stable angina peptis in patients with coronary heart disease has a positive effect on improving its symptoms. This study can provide evidence support for clinicians and patients.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202210066.

Színházról tanároknak : D. Magyari Imre: Miért jó nekünk, ha színházban megnézzük, hogy másoknak rossz? Külföldi drámák előadásairól. Budapest: Corvina Kiadó, 2020.

In Why is it good for us to go to the theatre to see that it is wrong for others? About the performance of foreign dramas, the author Imre D. Magyari presents forty-four foreign dramas, with the unique authorial gesture of choosing from plays performed between 2016 and 2020, mostly in Budapest theatres, not as a theatre critic but as a Hungarian language teacher and theatre enthusiast spectator. The writings in this volume are sometimes expanded, sometimes slightly edited versions of his analyses published in Criticai Lapok since 2015. In the volume, the drama and performance analyses are presented in chronological order according to the plays’ date of creation: forming a kind of subjective drama history. The nearly fifty dramatic analyses are a unique combination of several text types, thus, at the same time they offer a description of a performance (lacking the technicality of analysis), a synopsis, a dramatic analysis, a dramatic interpretation, and sometimes essays on theatre or cultural history. If the author’s intentions are well understood, the dramatic interpretations would really be put into practice in teaching, so the volume would be intended as a reference book/source of ideas for teachers.

Experience in data preparation for systemization and cluster analysis of rock carvings of reindeer (petroglyphs) in the valley of the Pegtymel River, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

The article describes the first results of a digital project dedicated to the preservation and systemization in the form of a dataset of crumbling reindeer rock carvings in the valley of the Pegtymel River for subsequent data development by other researchers. The collection, processing and cataloging of reindeer images were carried out, methodological aspects of clustering of features for the classification of reindeer were determined. The authors also attempt to solve the scientific problem of cultural clusters identification of Pegtymel petroglyphs based on the style of depiction of reindeer: by dates of creation, belonging to culture and people, differentiation of individual style and a single typology.

A Bakonybéli alapítólevél és a Bakonybéli összeírás kapcsolatáról

On the Connections Between the Founding Charter of Bakonybél and the Bakonybél Survey A large part of Latin charters in Hungary associated with the 11th century did not survive in their original form but only in later copies, while another significant group of them were forged centuries later, indicating the 11th century as the date of creation. The paper examines a charter (the Founding Charter of Bakonybél) that according to its text was created in 1037 but was actually forged in the 13th century. This forged charter did not survive in its original either, only in a 14th-century form that was a result of multiple copies. I explore the presumably early sections of the Founding Charter of Bakonybél (from the 11th century) by way of comparing it with the Bakonybél Survey from the end of the 11th century, providing an inventory of the assets of the Bakonybél Abbey. There are 23 names that appear both in the Founding Charter of Bakonybél and the Bakonybél Survey. The paper focuses on these names and aims to find out if the Founding Charter of Bakonybél has any source value for historical onomastics for the early 11th century, an era preceding the survey. If there indeed was an authentic founding charter at the beginning of the 11th century, most probably it included the denominations of places appearing in the survey as well. My study has shown that the early historical onomastic layers of the forged founding charter may be explored to some extent using the authentic texts of the survey.

О работе В.В. Маяковского над текстами к плакатам (по материалам записных книжек)

The article deals with Mayakovsky's notebook no. 8 (January –May 1921), provided by the State Museum of Vladimir Mayakovsky. It demonstrates his work on the inscriptions for twelve Glavpolitprosvet Posters: “Look!,” “Hey you, the Urals mining worker! Without the help from your mine, it is impossible to put an end to the havoc in the economy!”, “Let’s get to work, comrades!”, “On my May-Day meeting…”, etc. Some of these posters, covering the important social and economic topics, have not survived to today, so the notebook becomes an important source of information about the principles of Mayakovsky’s propaganda work. A small fragment of the second version of Mayakovsky’s play “Mystery-Bouffe” can also be found in it, along with a receipt for the rent of a summer cottage in Akulova Gora that sheds some light on the details of the poet’s life. A holistic historical, literary and textual examination of the notebook helped to reveal the dates of creation of particular notes, and these, in turn, were related to the context of time and other contemporary works of the poet. The article examines the characteristic features of edits made by Mayakovsky and the order of their introduction. Also the author compares the draft texts of the posters “Hey, you, the Urals mining worker! Without the help from your mine, it is impossible to put an end to the havoc in economy!” and “Hey, mining worker!” to the final copies. The results of the research shows the characteristic features of the poet's creative vision of the actual topics of his time. The texts of the notebook are published for the first time.

Helynévtörténeti adalékok Bihar vármegye korai településtörténetéhez

Insights from Historical Toponomastics into the Early Settlement History of Bihar County The historical Bihar County was one of the largest administrative units of the Kingdom of Hungary that played a key role in the life of the eastern region from the beginning. The conclusions of historians regarding the settlement date of its territory are only theoretical suppositions based on the projection of subsequent natural circumstances and ethnic features to an earlier time and they lack real historical or archeological evidence. With the help of settlement name data, linguists may draw more certain conclusions regarding the chronological features of the settlement of the county. Based on the toponyms preserved in sources, we may examine the productive period of particular settlement name types. Although the documentation of names is contingent, this affects all names and thus all name types the same way. Therefore, even if the absolute chronology (date of creation) of particular names is not revealed, the relative chronology of different name types (i.e., relative to one another) may be well indicated also by the first name occurrences of the settlements in the case of a larger quantity of names. The chronological curve of a name type may undoubtedly indicate the changes in the frequency of name specimen belonging to the type only with a temporal delay (and what is more, we cannot even explore the parameters of the delay), however, we have no other tool with which we could examine and model the internal chrono¬logical movements of the name system. The first part of the paper introduces how this method works using the type of settlement names with an ethnonym origin. Geographically and in the daily life of people living in Bihar County, the Sebes-Körös river had an outstanding role. The second part of the paper analyzes the settlement name corpus of the river valley from the Old Hungarian Era. In consideration of the etymological, spatial and chronological attributes of the de¬nominations and using the toolbox of toponym reconstruction, it reveals the varied features of the name patterns of the areas along the Sebes-Körös. The basis of the study is provided by four areas distinguished based on the natural and topog¬raphical features along the river: the lower and upper sections of the Sebes-Körös and the right, i.e., northern, and left, i.e., southern regions of the two sections. The paper introduces the chronological distribution of settlement names in the region. The region-specific differences identified in the toponymic system of particular regions are referred to as name patterns. Of the numerous attributes defining the differing name patterns of the four regions along the Sebes-Körös, the paper introduces the differences in the structural features of the settlement names as linguistic attributes primarily defining the names. The results of the onomatosystematical studies regarding the toponymic system of the Sebes-Körös region provide the following three important conclusions regarding settlement history: 1. Hungarians settling in the area could encounter people speaking another language (Slavic) only in traces. Other foreign people did not settle here in larger numbers in later times either. 2. The characteristics of the name system indicate that in the lower section (despite its marshy, swampy features) settlements of Hungarians could be created earlier. 3. The growth rate and onomatosystematical features of the name corpus indicate that there could also be a second, stronger village foundation wave in the settlement process of the area to the south of the river.

Пергаментний диплом із канцелярії Галицької провінції бернардинців

This work aims at publication of parchment diploma created by the chancellery of Galician Province of the Franciscan-Observant (known as Bernardines diploma is kept in the fonds of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientifi c Library in Lviv. Scientifi c novelty. The is to introduce little-known historical source, that give us an opportunity to study the writing culture of catholic monks on Ukrainian lands. The methodology of the research is based on general scientifi c methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as principles of historism and objectivity. The methods of the archeography and sigillography are used for the publication of the supplements. The description of the document includes several elements: date and place of creation; size of the document sheet; original signatures of exponents; description of the seal (shape, material, size, legend, image). From the perspective of further studies, it is necessary to engage archival search and fi nd another diploma and similar documents created by the chancellery of Bernardine Galician Province. It gives us an opportunity to provide a comparative study of diploma and study the changes in writing culture of Bernadines in the 19 century. Conclusions. Political changes that took place after the fi rst partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772 afterwards made changes in the borders of different church structures. Galician Province was created instead of Rus’ Province of Bernardines. Moreover, changes took place in the economic life of the monasteries due to the new law. But in the time of Austrian rule monks used their old traditions to preserve their fi nancial goods. Parchment diploma, analyzed in the article, is dedicated to this theme. Diploma tells us about an old practice to settle monastic estates under the care of a lay person. Monks should use the services of syndyсs, as monks from the mendicant orders weren’t allowed to possess property.

Formation of Administrative Statistics Bodies in Russian Empire: Statistical Department of Ministry of Police (1811—1819)

The article is devoted to the history of creation and the first years of activity of the Ministry of Police Statistical Division in the context of the departmental scientists of Russian subdivisions activities. Based on a wide range of published and archival materials, the author examines the prerequisites for the organization of the institution, the legal framework that governed its work at an early stage, examines the evolution of the structure and staffing. It is noted that the idea of concentrating statistical functions in one department appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century and acquired particular relevance during the reign of Alexander I. Analyzing the clerical documentation, the author corrects the date of creation of the department, established in historiography, and notes the peculiarities of its position within the Ministry of Police. It is concluded that the creation of the Statistical Office was in the nature of an administrative experiment, funding for its activities at an early stage was carried out from third-party sources, and employees were not part of the staff of the ministry. It was noted that the effectiveness of the department's work directly depended on the personal interest of the leaders — the Minister of Police A.D. Balashev and Professor K.F. Herman. They managed to prepare the basis for further improvements in the work of the department.

The second engraver of the library of congress mystery map

ABSTRACT The Library of Congress has a map that they credit to Gerald Mercator and André Thevet with a creation date of 1569. Visual inspection suggests that this map had two engravers. One was the original cartographer who engraved the whole map placing toponyms where appropriate. Later, the second engraver added about five dozen toponyms. This paper identifies these two engravers and suggests the dates in which they did their work.

Changing Dynamics in Medical Education during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Integrated Plastic Surgery Programs Adapting for Residency Applicants?

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic drastically changed the 2020 to 2021 residency application process.1 The American Association of Medical Colleges released recommendations against visiting rotations and in-person interviews. Traditionally competitive fields, including plastic surgery, strongly encouraged students to participate in visiting rotations, which offer students an opportunity to network broadly, experience the specialty outside their own school’s department, and learn about different residency training programs.1,2 Loss of in-person evaluations may impact programs’ assessments of applicants and applicants’ impressions of programs. In this article, we describe how integrated plastic surgery programs adapted for the 2021 application cycle by developing a social media presence and implementing virtual opportunities. An official list of accredited integrated plastic surgery residency programs was obtained from the Electronic Residency Application Service, identifying 82 programs. All programs were included and reviewed for the presence of departmental and residency Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook accounts. Platforms, program websites, and the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons website were reviewed for posts regarding virtual subinternship and open house opportunities. The Visiting Student Application Service website was reviewed for virtual subinternship opportunities. All data were collected on September 9, 2020. Social media presence and virtual opportunities are profiled in Tables 1 and 2. In total, 138 social media accounts were identified, 65 programs (80 percent) had an online presence on either Twitter, Instagram, or Facebook, and 12 (15 percent) had a presence on all three platforms. Table 1. - Social Media Characteristics of Integrated Plastic Surgery Programs: Ownership and Creation Date of Program Social Media Accounts Program Characteristics No. of Accounts (%) No. Established before 2020 (%) No. Established after 2020 (%) Twitter Departmental Twitter 27 (33%) 23 (85%) 4 (15%) Residency Twitter 4 (4%) 4 (100%) 0 (0%) Instagram Departmental Instagram 22 (27%) 21 (96%) 1 (4%) Residency Instagram 49 (60%) 38 (78%) 11 (22%) Facebook Departmental Facebook 30 (37%) 28 (93%) 2 (7%) Residency Facebook 6 (7%) 5 (83%) 1 (17%) Table 2. - Social Media Characteristics of Integrated Plastic Surgery Programs: Number of Programs with Open House and Subinternship Opportunities Program Characteristics Twitter Instagram Facebook Programs with open house opportunities on social media, no. 10 (12%) 36 (44%) 6 (7%) Programs with virtual subinternship opportunities on social media, no. 2 (2%) 8 (10%) 1 (1%) Open houses were listed by 50 programs (61 percent) on American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons and four program websites (5 percent). Instagram offered 88 total open house opportunities, and 17 programs (21 percent) posted more than one offering. Three virtual subinternships (4 percent) were identified through the Visiting Student Application Service website and none through American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons or program websites. Two virtual subinternships listed on the Visiting Student Application Service website were not advertised on social media, and six virtual subinternships available on social media were not listed on the Visiting Student Application Service website. Hosting of virtual open houses appears to be the preferred method of outreach to applicants this year, adhering to COVID-19 social distancing recommendations and travel limitations. Open houses hosted by residency training programs may have increased impact over virtual subinternships, creating program diversity for applicants. The apparent lack of virtual subinternship standardization through an official American Association of Medical Colleges platform is novel, and we recommend exploration of program social media to elucidate opportunities. We anticipate that letters of recommendation from students’ home institutions and program director communication will play an enhanced role in the 2021–2022 residency application year. Almost all integrated plastic surgery residency social media accounts were made before 2020 (Fig. 1). Instagram is the preferred social media platform of integrated programs, supported by 2020 studies.3,4Fig. 1.: Date of social media account foundation.This article has limitations, including its retrospective nature. Data may be skewed due to the constantly changing social media platforms. In addition, the opening of departmental grand rounds, didactic conferences, and the like were not captured. Integrated plastic surgery residency programs adapted to the novel COVID-19 pandemic by creation of virtual open houses for applicants. Programs demonstrated minimal virtual subinternship opportunities. Instagram is the preferred social media outlet for integrated plastic surgery residencies. DISCLOSURE None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products mentioned in this article. No funding was received for this article.

A Technical Study of a 17th-Century Manuscript of Muḥammad Bin Sulaymān al-Jazūlī’s Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt

Abstract In the spring of 2017, the Islamic Art Department, within The Metropolitan Museum of Art (TMMA), acquired an Islamic prayer book, the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt by Muḥammad bin Sulaymān al-Jazūlī. This paper discusses the findings of a technical study undertaken in the museum’s Sherman Fairchild Center for the Conservation of Works of Art on Paper, focusing on the materials and techniques of one manuscript acquisition specifically, MMA 2017.301. The nature, properties, and characteristics of the text block paper, fiber and pigment identification, chemical compositions, condition assessment, and inherent deterioration mechanisms within the palette are described. The colophon at the end of the manuscript mentions a patron, Sīdī Aḥmad b. Dirham al-Mālikī and identifies its calligrapher as Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin ʿAbd Al-Raḥmān al-Riyāḥī and confirms its creation date as AH 1035/1625–1626 AD.1

The life of a laboratory requisition form: Patient compliance with clinical laboratory testing in a Canadian primary care health region

ObjectiveTo examine patient laboratory testing compliance by tracking time to submission of laboratory requisitions in Southern Alberta, Canada as part of a quality improvement initiative. MethodsData was collected retrospectively from patients from the Chinook Primary Care Network in Alberta, Canada, who received a laboratory requisition consisting of a complete blood count (CBC) test order between September 1, 2016 and August 31, 2017. To allow for all laboratory requisitions created to be submitted within one year, the study collection period was from September 1, 2016 to August 31, 2018. Patient age, sex, and dates of laboratory requisition creation and submission were collected. The days-to-test-submission served as a marker of compliance. Association of age, sex, and clinic location with time to laboratory requisition completion was determined using Cox regression analysis. ResultsDuring the study period, 70.4% (n = 1607) of laboratory requisitions created were completed within one year, and over half (50.5%) of the laboratory requisitions ordered were completed within two weeks. There were no significant associations between time to laboratory requisition submission and sex or clinic locations (P > 0.05), but there were significant associations between patients who were 20–49 or 70–79 and increased laboratory requisition compliance (P < 0.05). However, 26.0% of the laboratory requisitions created were not submitted at all. ConclusionsThis was the first study that quantified the proportion and timing of laboratory requisitions that were submitted by patients in a primary care setting. Community patients should be engaged and educated regarding the importance of complying with their physician-ordered laboratory requests in a timely manner.

Spread of Misinformation? Quality of COVID-19 Resources for Cancer Patients

Purpose/Objective(s)Cancer patients are increasingly using the Internet to educate themselves about COVID-19. Recent studies have shown that cancer patients are at risk of more serious outcomes of COVID-19 compared to the general population. Some cancer treatments such as chemotherapy can impact the immune system, which may make COVID-19 infection more dangerous. This study looks to systematically examine the quality of web resources available for cancer patients about COVID-19.Materials/MethodsThe term “COVID-19 Risk and Cancer” was searched in Google and metasearch engines Yippy and Dogpile. URLs were recorded from each search and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The results from the 3 lists were combined to come up with a final list based on overall average rank order. This list was analyzed using a previously validated structured rating tool with respect to accountability, currency, interactivity, readability, and content coverage and accuracy.Results398 websites were identified prior (this includes overlap between the three search sites used), 37 websites were included for analysis. Out of 37 websites, only 43% disclosed authorship and 24% cited sources. Most websites (76%) revealed date of creation, and 32% were updated less than 3 months before the date of search. 68% of websites enabled questions to be sent to the author or webmaster regarding COVID-19 risk queries. 54% of websites had high school readability (8.0-12.0), 43% were at university level or above, and only one website demonstrated the recommended reading level for general public (below 8.0). Topics most commonly discussed were special consideration for cancer patients in COVID-19 (84%), COVID-19 risk factors (73%), and infection prevention (62%), while topics least covered were COVID-19 incidence/prevalence (5%), prognosis (8%), and treatment (16%).ConclusionThere is some COVID-19 in cancer risk information available online, but quality is variable. The total number of sites with relevant information related to COVID-19 and cancer was relatively low and many sites lacked markers for accountability. Some information may not be up to date and content may be difficult to comprehend. Healthcare professionals may direct cancer patients to the most reliable online resources about COVID-19 and cancer shown in this study. In addition, this may be helpful to consider when designing comprehensive web resources regarding COVID-19.

Genesis and prerequisites for the emergence of youth parliamentarism in the Russian Federation

The object of this research is the regional youth representative structures, while the subject is the establishment of youth parliamentary structures in the Russian Federation. The research leans on the methodology of historical neo-institutionalism with the &amp;ldquo;path dependence&amp;rdquo; approach. Attention is turned to studying the topic from the perspective of the need of federal and regional government in young personnel, substantiated by the shortage of competent specialists as a result of social disturbances. The empirical basis of this research is the interview with the former governor of Vologda Region (from 1996 to 2011) Vyacheslav Pozgalev, who was among the pioneers of the youth parliamentary movement. The novelty of this lies in examination of the phenomenon of youth parliamentarism in historical aspect. The date of creation of the first youth parliamentary body in Russia is established. The author determines five key prerequisites for the emergence of youth parliamentarism in the Russian Federation: European Charter; proliferation of the Western democratic values; political situation in the country; need for conventional self-expression of youth and creation of the filter for the youth labor pool. These prerequisites contributed the emergence and development of the institutions for expressing the political demands of the youth in the context of continuous dialogue ion with the federal and local government.

Empirical Study of Test Case and Test Framework Presence in Public Projects on GitHub

Automated tests are often considered an indicator of project quality. In this paper, we performed a large analysis of 6.3 M public GitHub projects using Java as the primary programming language. We created an overview of tests occurrence in publicly available GitHub projects and the use of test frameworks in them. The results showed that 52% of the projects contain at least one test case. However, there is a large number of example tests that do not represent relevant production code testing. It was also found that there is only a poor correlation between the number of the word “test” in different parts of the project (e.g., file paths, file name, file content, etc.) and the number of test cases, creation date, date of the last commit, number of commits, or number of watchers. Testing framework analysis confirmed that JUnit is the most used testing framework with a 48% share. TestNG, considered the second most popular Java unit testing framework, occurred in only 3% of the projects.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a common gastrointestinal disease afflicting gravidas. It usually results in hospital admission in early pregnancy. Objective Through a meta-analysis, this study intended to explore acupuncture's clinical efficacy in treating HG. Materials and Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), Wanfang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal (VIP) for published clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for treating HG was conducted from the date of database creation to 20th January 2021. We also searched grey literature in four databases: Chinese Cochrane Center, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, GreyNet International, and Open Grey from their inception to 20th January 2021. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the literature with Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 and Review Manager 5.2 software. Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 12.0 software were applied to analyze data. Heterogeneity analysis was performed by the Cochran Chi-square test and I2 statistic. Egger's tests together with funnel plots were used to identify publication bias. Results A total of 16 trials covering 1043 gravidas were included. Compared with the conventional treatment, acupuncture had a significantly higher effective rate (OR: 8.11, 95% CI: 5.29∼12.43; P < 0.00001), a higher conversion rate of urine ketone (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15∼1.60; P=0.0003), an improvement rate of nausea and vomiting (OR: 26.44, 95% CI: 3.54∼197.31; P=0.001), and a relatively higher improvement rate of food intake (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01∼1.36; P=0.04). Acupuncture also shortened hospitalization time and manifested with a lower pregnancy termination rate and fewer adverse events. Nevertheless, no statistical variation in the improvement of nausea intensity, vomiting episodes, and lassitude symptom, recurrence rate, and serum potassium was observed. Conclusion Our study suggested that acupuncture was effective in treating HG. However, as the potential inferior quality and underlying publication bias were found in the included studies, there is a need for more superior-quality RCTs to examine their effectiveness and safety. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021232187.