Data Transmission Applications Research Articles

Design of Wireless Intelligent Home Control System Based on Zigbee Technology

Zigbee technology is a kind of bi-directional wireless communication technology characterized by close distance, low complexity, low power consumption, low speed and low cost. It is mainly used for data transmission of various electronic equipments with short distance, low power consumption and low transmission speed, as well as application of typical periodic data, intermittent data and low reaction time data transmission. This thesis first of all makes an analysis of characteristics of zigbee technology, based on which the design of wireless intelligent home control system based on zigbee technology is proposed. Finally, it gives an analysis of the daily management and maintenance of intelligent system, so as to contribute to further studies.

High Dose Gamma Irradiation of Lasers and p-i-n Photodiodes for HL-LHC Data Transmission Applications

Lasers and photodiodes for high luminosity large Hadron collider (HL-LHC) data transmission applications were irradiated with a 1-Gy dose of 60Co gammas. No change was observed in the performance of the lasers tested, and an order of magnitude increase in the leakage current of the InGaAs photodiodes was measured.

SDR: A Stable Direction-Based Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

A stable and reliable routing mechanism for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is an important step toward the provision of long data transmission applications, such as file sharing and music download. Traditional mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocols are not suitable for VANET because the mobility model and environment of VANET are different from those of traditional MANET. To solve this problem, we proposed a new stable routing algorithm, called stable directional forward routing. The novelty of the proposed routing protocol is its combining direction broadcast and path duration prediction into ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocols, which including: (1) Nodes in VANET are grouped based on the position, only nodes in a given direction range participating in the route discovery process to reduce the frequency of flood requests, (2) Route selection is based on the link duration while not the hops or other metrics to increase the path duration, (3) Route discovery is executed before the path expiration in order to decrease the end to end delay. The performance of the new scheme is evaluated through extensive simulations with Qualnet. Simulation results indicate the benefits of the proposed routing strategy in terms of decreasing routing control packet, reducing the number of link-breakage events, improving the packet delivery ratio and decreasing the end-to-end delay.

A Novel Lattice Architecture for High Speed Discrete MultiTone (DMT) Modulation

The Discrete MultiTone (DMT) modulation system is an attractive method for a high speed data transmission over a non- flat channel with possible colored noise. The IFFT is used in its transmitter in order to divide the available frequency spectrum into large independent narrow band sub-channels. A high speed and an efficient lattice architecture is proposed to implement the IFFT. This will speed up the DMT transmitter, so that, it can be easily used in any real time data transmission application. The proposed IFFT lattice architecture achieves approximately 58%, 39%, and 50% savings in gate count, power consumption, and area compared to the state of the art IFFT architectures that use conventional lattice structure. The proposed IFFT lattice architecture can perform high speed data transmission at 118 MHz. This allows the DMT transmitter to be easily integrated in any real time data transmission system.

Anti-Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Pang and Hyperchaotic Wang-Chen Systems Via Active Control

Hyperchaotic systems are chaotic systems having more than one positive Lyapunov exponent and they have important applications in secure data transmission and communication. This paper applies active control method for the synchronization of identical and different hyperchaotic Pang systems (2011) and hyperchaotic Wang-Chen systems (2008). Main results are proved with the stability theorems of Lypuanov stability theory and numerical simulations are plotted using MATLAB to show the synchronization of hyperchaotic systems addressed in this paper.

Broadband Packaging of Photodetectors for 100 Gb/s Ethernet Applications

The packing structure of functional modules is a major limitation in achieving a desired performance for 100 Gb/s ethernet applications. This paper presents a methodology of developing advanced packaging of photodetectors (PDs) for highspeed data transmission applications by using 3-D electromagnetic (EM) simulations. A simplified model of the PD module is first used to analyze and optimize packaging structures and propose an optimal packaging design based on the simplified model. Although a PD module with improved performance proved the success of the optimal packaging design, the simplified model could not identify other important bandwidth limitation effects. Therefore, a full 3-D EM model of PD modules is developed to predict the optical-to-electrical response of the module, and with this model, it is possible to identify a critical mode mismatch effect as another important factor of limiting the bandwidth of PD modules. After eliminating the mode mismatch effect by improving the chip-conductor-backed coplanar waveguide transition, a final optimal packaging structure is implemented for the PD module with reduced attenuation up to 100 GHz and a broader 3-dB bandwidth of more than 90 GHz. Furthermore, the PD module exhibits excellent performance under the high-speed data-transmission experiment with 107 Gb/s data rate.

MHealth in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobile phone penetration rates have reached 63% in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and are projected to pass 70% by 2013. In SSA, millions of people who never used traditional landlines now use mobile phones on a regular basis. Mobile health, or mHealth, is the utilization of short messaging service (SMS), wireless data transmission, voice calling, and smartphone applications to transmit health-related information or direct care. This systematic review analyzes and summarizes key articles from the current body of peer-reviewed literature on PubMed on the topic of mHealth in SSA. Studies included in the review demonstrate that mHealth can improve and reduce the cost of patient monitoring, medication adherence, and healthcare worker communication, especially in rural areas. mHealth has also shown initial promise in emergency and disaster response, helping standardize, store, analyze, and share patient information. Challenges for mHealth implementation in SSA include operating costs, knowledge, infrastructure, and policy among many others. Further studies of the effectiveness of mHealth interventions are being hindered by similar factors as well as a lack of standardization in study design. Overall, the current evidence is not strong enough to warrant large-scale implementation of existing mHealth interventions in SSA, but rapid progress of both infrastructure and mHealth-related research in the region could justify scale-up of the most promising programs in the near future.

An FPGA Implementation of Secured Steganography Communication System

Steganography is the idea of hiding secret message in multimedia cover which will be transmitted through the Internet. The cover carriers can be image, video, sound or text data. This paper presents an implementation of color image steganographic system on Field Programmable Gate Array and the information hiding/extracting techniques in various images. The proposed algorithm is based on merge between the idea from the random pixel manipulation methods and the Least Significant Bit (LSB) matching of Steganography embedding and extracting method.In a proposed steganography hardware approach, Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) method has been used in stego architecture to hide the information in the image. The LFSRs are utilized in this approach as address generators. Different LFSR arrangements using different connection unit have been implemented at the hardware level for hiding/extracting the secret data. Multilayer embedding is implemented in parallel manner with a three-stage pipeline on FPGA.This work showed attractive results especially in the high throughputs, better stego-image quality, requires little calculation and less utilization of FPGA area. The imperceptibility of the technique combined with high payload, robustness of embedded data and accurate data retrieval renders the proposed Steganography system is suitable for covert communication and secures data transmission applications.

Soliton-induced relativistic-scattering and amplification

Solitons are of fundamental importance in photonics due to applications in optical data transmission and also as a tool for investigating novel phenomena ranging from light generation at new frequencies and wave-trapping to rogue waves. Solitons are also moving scatterers: they generate refractive index perturbations moving at the speed of light. Here we found that such perturbations scatter light in an unusual way: they amplify light by the mixing of positive and negative frequencies, as we describe using a first Born approximation and numerical simulations. The simplest scenario in which these effects may be observed is within the initial stages of optical soliton propagation: a steep shock front develops that may efficiently scatter a second, weaker probe pulse into relatively intense positive and negative frequency modes with amplification at the expense of the soliton. Our results show a novel all-optical amplification scheme that relies on soliton induced scattering.

Reconfigurable Design of Rectangular to Polar Converter using Linear Convergence

In recent years, the growth of multimedia services and applications in digital data transmission has led to ever increasing demands of effective data transmission over the wired as well as wireless communication systems. Since digital communication systems need to deal with multimode and multiband operations on complex signals many-a-times, there is always a requirement of an efficient method for rapid phase and magnitude extraction. The proposed Rectangular to Polar Converter (RPC) has been implemented using fully parallel CORDIC, a Linear Convergence Algorithm, in vectoring mode. The design is synthesized with ISE 10.1 software, and implemented on 2v3000fg676-4. Synthesis results show that the design is able to work at 177.620 MHz with less hardware requirements. General Terms A rectangular to polar conversion is required so that transmitters must accommodate constant envelop signals as well as non-constant envelop signals to achieve multimode and multiband operations. In burst-mode communication systems, a rapid carrier is crucial. Hence a fast rectangular-topolar conversion is needed. Delay-matching of phase as well as amplitude is crucial so that the restoration of the transmitted data at the receiver may be not be imperfect if the delays are unmatched.

Experiment of substrate integrated waveguide interconnect measurement for high speed data transmission application

AbstractSubstrate integrated waveguide (SIW) has been used as a high speed interconnect for digital applications. The output eye diagram is an important indicator for evaluating the performance of the interconnect and the design of the driver and receiver units. This article studies the effect on eye diagrams based on improved driver and receiver design for a SIW interconnect system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2012

3-D transponder antennas for future SHF RFID applications

Abstract. The radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is omnipresent since a few years. Some of the most popular fields of application are the use for security tasks, for logistics and for the consumer segment. For example, chip card or key ring sized RFID transponders can allow wireless access to secured rooms. The number of applications for wireless data transmission for the identification and tracking of objects increases every year. There is a large development need for highly functional and inexpensive RFID transponders due to the ever-increasing demand on improved reliability, higher data rates and read and write ranges of the RFID systems. Therefore, research was performed on new 3-D transponder antennas for the Super High Frequency Band around 5.8 GHz. Additionally, wave propagation effects and the influence of different dielectric environments were considered. Parallel to the design of the novel antenna structures, the printing process for inexpensive manufacturing was investigated. The gained results are the basis for prospective RFID applications.

Drift Correction Modulation scheme for digital signal processing

The article describes a new method of embedding and extracting the digital watermark in an acoustic signal, which operates in the frequency domain and uses a drift correction modulator of the watermark’s phase angle, as well as a precise correction procedure of the watermark signal to the minimum masking threshold. The Drift Correction Modulation (DCM) has been worked out for the needs of the watermarking system with a large data payload and robustness against degrading factors which occur during signal processing. The digital watermark embedded in the original signal using the DCM method is inaudible and robust against the majority of degrading factors. The DCM method may be used in Digital Signal Processing applications, e.g. for a hidden authentication of subscribers in telecommunication channels or for determining the output phase mistuning of devices. DCM is characterized by a high normalized data payload of the watermark signal and may be implemented in applications of hidden and secure data transmission. The paper presents the results of auditory tests according to the ITU-R 1116-1 standard; moreover, results of the watermark extraction tests in a VHF radio link, with the use of military tactical radio stations have been presented.

Development of RFID Based Smart Sensor Prototype for Wireless Industrial Monitoring and Control

The Purpose of this paper is to present one of the various wireless technologies currently available for industrial monitoring and control. Applications of wireless data transmission are universal. In industrial automation, the benefits of adopting wireless technologies in eliminating the needs for cables in hard to reach areas within the plant, increasing data availability and quality and monitoring and controlling remote assets, that otherwise were inaccessible. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is commonly used for object or animal identification and tracking. This article explores the feasibility of its use in a rapid solution to wireless real time monitoring of industry. A prototype system for wireless industrial monitoring and control was developed using a commercially available 12.5 GHZ RFID passive tags. Various parameters are sensed by respective sensors (Slaves), which are then monitored by low power, high performance, 8bit AVR microcontroller. Monitored signals are then sent to the RFID tag or transponder unit, hence the smart feature of the sensor. A receiving unit (Interrogator) emits an electromagnetic field which when detected by passive RFID tag causes it to transfer sensor information (data stored in memory) to the interrogator. Interrogator detects these parameters and sends them to the data collection PC (Master Unit). The architecture of the developed wireless sensor prototype allows for additional RFID tags (Slave Units) to be integrated into it without changes to the sensor designs. Design also provides means to update operating and monitoring parameters as well as sensors/RF link specific firmware modules ‘over - the - air’.

Effective Delay-Controlled Load Distribution over Multipath Networks

Owing to the heterogeneity and high degree of connectivity of various networks, there likely exist multiple available paths between a source and a destination. An effective model of delay-controlled load distribution becomes essential to efficiently utilize such parallel paths for multimedia data transmission and real-time applications, which are commonly known to be sensitive to packet delay, packet delay variation, and packet reordering. Recent research on load distribution has focused on load balancing efficiency, bandwidth utilization, and packet order preservation; however, a majority of the solutions do not address delay-related issues. This paper proposes a new load distribution model aiming to minimize the difference among end-to-end delays, thereby reducing packet delay variation and risk of packet reordering without additional network overhead. In general, the lower the risk of packet reordering, the smaller the delay induced by the packet reordering recovery process, i.e., extra delay induced by the packet reordering recovery process is expected to decrease. Therefore, our model can reduce not only the end-to-end delay but also the packet reordering recovery time. Finally, our proposed model is shown to outperform other existing models, via analysis and simulations.

Titanium-assisted growth of silica nanowires: from surface-matched to free-standingmorphologies

We report on an oxide-assisted growth technique for silica nanowires which allows tuningthe growth from surface-matched nanowires to free-standing morphologies based on growthcontrol by Ti in the role of a catalyst and surfactant. Using an adjustable Ticoncentration, we grew silica nanowires with lengths ranging from 100 nm up to severalmillimetres whose defect chemistry was analysed by electron microscopy tools,monochromatic cathodoluminescence imaging and time resolved photoluminescencespectroscopy. The knowledge of the luminescence properties and the related defectoccurrence along with their spatial distribution is pivotal for advancing silicananowire growth in order to realize successful device designs based on self-assembledSi/SiOx nanostructures. We demonstrate a core–shell structure of the grown nanowires with ahighly luminescent 150 nm thick shell and outstandingly fast decaying dynamics (≈1 ns) for glass-like materials. The conjunction of the observed efficient and stableluminescences with their attributed decaying behaviours suggests applications forsilica nanowires such as active and passive optical interconnectors and white lightphosphors. The identification of a time domain difference for the spectral regimefrom 2.3 to 3.3 eV, within the confined spatial dimensions of a single nanowire, isvery promising for future, e.g. data transmission applications, employing silicananowires which exhibit achievable compatibility with commonly applied silicon-basedelectronics. A qualitative growth model based on silica particle diffusion andTi-assisted seed formation is developed for the various types of segregated silicananowires which extends commonly assumed oxide-assisted growth mechanisms.

Data processing techniques for a wireless data transmission application via mud

The data measured by well bottom sensors can be transmitted to the surface through the drilling mud during oil drilling operations. This article introduces a data processing scheme for a wireless data transmission application via mud. The detailed signal processing procedure is given, and several data processing techniques used are discussed, mainly including data encoding and signal integrating method, signal filtering, data storage and manage method, peak detection, signal recognition, and data decoding method. The article uses M pulses in N slots to encode the values of actual parameters. A two step filtering method and a dynamic data storing and managing method are proposed. A mix peak detection method is utilized to find the position of a pulse by combining threshold method and neighbor comparison method. These techniques have been successfully used in an oil well drilling operation.

Performance of Linear-Type Mobile Data Transmission

In Next Generation Network (NGN), IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) plays an important role to offer IP-based multimedia services. Based on Chunghwa Telecom's NGN/IMS, we develop linear-type data transmission applications such as Bulletin Board System (BBS) or forum-based websites to deliver new articles to the mobile users. We propose the push-N method that pushes every N articles from the BBS server to the user. When the user actually connects to the BBS, the not-yet-pushed messages are pulled by the user. Our study indicates that by selecting appropriate N values, push-N can balance against the push and the pull operations, and therefore improves the user access experience without wasting too much network resources.

Developing an algorithm for compression, multiplexing and enhancement of multiple images

Image compression is one of the important fields that has useful applications in data storage and transmission. In this research a new algorithm is developed and tested for multiple-image compression and enhancement. The algorithm, in addition, is applied to multiple noisy images. Also, the effect of compression ratio on the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is explored by applying different compression ratios. The developed algorithm gives good compression and noise immunity. It can be used for storage/transmission of encrypted and compressed information.

Research on the Characteristics of Data Transmission of Wireless Network

The paper discusses the application of the wireless data transmission in the industrial control system and analyses the characteristics of the data transmission. It gives the different characteristics of data transmission in the four experiments with the Zigbee Protocol. By comparing the result of the wireless network-path loss model and experiments, it shows that the path loss, multiple-point jamming, communication barrier primarily affect the stability of data transmission.