Research Data Research Articles

Are subtitling norms evidence-based? A narrative comparison of guidelines and subtitling advice with empirical evidence

ABSTRACT Despite comprehensive descriptions of norms in the literature, rapid evolution of subtitling practices often renders these outdated, and empirical investigation remains limited. This narrative scoping review aimed to provide a snapshot of current practice by investigating the consistency of English interlingual subtitling guidelines from four media providers (Netflix, Disney, TED Conferences, and Channel 4) and how these compare to academic prescriptions for practice. It also explored the extent to which current norms are supported by empirical evidence. Results compared instructions from media providers with academic recommendations and empirical research data in six key areas: (1) subtitle speed; (2) duration; (3) length; (4) segmentation; (5) position; and (6) appearance (color, font). Results indicated current guidelines are largely consistent across providers and allow faster speeds and longer lengths than previous norms. Additionally, results indicated subtitling norms have generally been proposed with little empirical justification, and empirical research conducted thus far has had limited generalizability. Going forward, a strong evidentiary basis for subtitling practices should be established to avoid unjustified restrictions on decision-making and to strengthen the professionalization of subtitling. Future research should explore impacts of various subtitling guidelines on audience comprehension and enjoyment to ensure that practices remain relevant and effective.

The Influence of Work-life Balance on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This research was conducted to determine whether work-life balance and organizational citizenship behavior are influenced empirically. This research involved 218 active employees with birth year criteria of 1997 to 2007 at the company PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, Bontang. The research sample was determined using a probability sampling technique with simple random sampling. Research data was obtained using two types of scales, Work-Life Balance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Research data was analyzed using analytical techniques Product Moment with the help of SPSS 26.0 for Windows. Based on the results analysis it is revealed that Work-Life Balance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior have no significant influence with p-value = 0.891 (p<0.05). Influence of Work-Life Balance against Organizational Citizenship Behavior is shown by the R-value of 0.009, which means that both variables do not have strong correlation. Findings study show that there is no influence between Work-Life Balance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Keywords: work-life balance, organizational citizenship behavior, generation Z

Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) as an Eco-Friendly Sustainable Material: Optimising Mechanical Properties and Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity for Environmental Architectural Design

This study will assess the utilisation of Bamboo (a Thai vernacular material) in the construction industry. Bamboo is a sustainable and environmentally friendly material which provides a suitable alternative to traditional construction materials. This research will examine its mechanical strength properties as determined by a review of the existing literature and an examination of the bearing area variations of bamboo nodes. The research data and ensuing experiments facilitated the simulation of the load-bearing capacities of bamboo columnar and beam structures via optimisation. Additionally, this study examined the limitations of bamboo-based structures. The assimilation of mechanical property data and bamboo strength was imperative for the production of load-bearing simulations for bamboo columns and beams within ANSYS software. In many countries, bamboo is a commonly employed construction material because of the many benefits it provides such as its rapid growth speed. The compressive strength tests conducted in this study revealed that the middle nodes could withstand up to 64.9 kN, which was the highest value amongs the three samples tested. These findings will contribute to ongoing optimisation and research regarding the damage mechanisms affecting column and beam structures under load. Notably, this damage was prevalent at the junctures of column and beam interfaces. The intention is to conduct additional research that will enhance the current understanding and ensure the sustainability of bamboo as an architectural building material.

Religion and Environment: The Role of Religiosity on Pro-environmental Behavior Among University Students in Indonesia

Numerous environmental problems in various countries occur as a result of human misbehavior in interacting with their environment. Therefore, to maintain balance in the relationship between humans and the natural environment, it is necessary to develop pro-environmental behavior. This study aims to investigate the role of religiosity on pro-environmental behavior. This research employed a quantitative-correlational method. The participants in this study were 205 university students aged 18-24 years who were selected by convenience sampling technique. This study used two primary instruments to measure the two research variables: Religious Commitment Inventory - 10 (RCI-10) to measure religiosity and the General Ecological Behavior Scale to measure pro-environmental behavior. The research data were analyzed using regression analysis techniques. The analysis showed that religiosity has a significant role as a predictor of pro-environmental behavior among university students. This means that the higher the level of religiosity, the higher pro-environmental behavior. These findings have practical implications for environmental conservation programs. It is important to develop pro-environmental behavior intervention programs for the community by instilling religious values that could encourage awareness, and then behavior, of environmental sustainability. Keywords: religion, religiosity, pro-environmental behavior, environmental psychology, environment

Employee Dedication and Performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in Nairobi, Kenya

Employees well-being and satisfaction need to be the precedence of any successful organization that is aimed at achieving its objectives and customer satisfaction. Thus, the paper sought to scrutinize the connections among staff dedication and performance of deposit-taking Sacco’s in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional census survey of forty-six (46) deposit -taking Sacco’s in Nairobi. Research data was gathered through a questionnaire in a descriptive design. The study utilized purposive sampling technique for the sample population. Reliability and validity of the variables was tested in a pilot study of three (3) deposit-taking Saccos in western part of Kenya. The data analysis was done by means of descriptive and inferential statistics as reinforced by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research hypothesis was tested by means of regression analysis. The findings (R2 - 0.394; p-value=0.000) indicate that employee dedication has a significant impact on the performance of DT-Saccos in Nairobi, Kenya. The research has shown that staff dedication could pose a positive consequence on organizational performance. The study recommends that the senior managers of DT - Saccos should focus more on promoting labour dedication through effective communication, information sharing, employee participation in decision-making, transparent and accountable management and recognition of sterling personal achievement as they have been identified to affect organizational performance.

An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesian on Barack Obama Speech: Discourse Analysis

This qualitative research study explores the types of grammatical cohesiveness frequently used in utterances, focusing on the relationship between theory and research as proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976). The research data is derived from former President Barack Obama's farewell speech, available on The Obama White House YouTube channel since January 11, 2017. The primary objective is to examine the presence and usage of ellipsis, reference, conjunction, and substitution in Obama's speech. Data collection employed an observational approach, with researchers watching and listening to the speech while taking notes. The analysis process involved understanding the context and categorizing the data based on Halliday and Hasan's theoretical framework, with findings presented using descriptive statistics. The study identified significant occurrences of grammatical cohesiveness, including 15 references, 10 substitutions, 4 conjunctions, and 9 ellipses in Obama's speech. These cohesive elements are instrumental in ensuring effective communication and message integration, enabling the audience to follow the speech seamlessly. By investigating grammatical cohesiveness in Obama's farewell address, this research contributes to the understanding of how theory and research interact within language use and highlights the importance of cohesive linguistic elements in conveying messages effectively.

Antecedent and Consequence of Innovation Output: Evidence from Thailand

The study aims to examine the impact of research and development (R&D) investment (the antecedent) on competitive advantage (the consequence) for the innovation output of private firms in Thailand. The population of this study includes all private Thai firms which have registered with the Office of National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council. Path analysis and factor confirmation, including correlation matrix, are used to test the mediator effect of innovation output on the relationship between R&D investment and firm performance competitive advantage. The research data are tested and analyzed by the structure equation model. The results reveal that R&D investment was not found to directly influence competitive advantage, while R&D investment indirectly affects competitive advantage through innovation output. The findings of this study demonstrate that innovative output plays a mediating role between R&D investment and competitive advantage. In addition, dynamic capability theory can be used to explain the influences of R&D investment and innovation output on competitive advantage for private firms in Thailand.

The Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in a Typical Mountainous Drinking Water System in China

Microplastics (MPs) are widely detected in urban drinking water systems. However, the presence and characteristics of MPs in mountainous drinking water systems with independent and simple filtration facilities have been overlooked. In this study, we revealed the ubiquity of MPs and demonstrated that their concentrations increased along with the pipeline length in Bainitan Village, Tiantai County, China. The simple filtration facility in this village did not effectively remove most MPs. Polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyethylene terephthalate were the dominant polymers in water samples (72.32% in total), while polyvinylchloride, polyurethane, and polyethylene were the most prevalent in the sediment (74.00% in total) of the reservoir. Long fragments were the predominant shape of MPs in all samples, with the majority being smaller than 100 μm. The estimated daily intake of MPs through drinking water ingestion was highest in infants (2.14–31.26 MPs/kg bw/day), compared to children (1.41–20.67 MPs/kg bw/day) and adults (1.05–15.35 MPs/kg bw/day), highlighting their increased vulnerability. This emphasizes the need for advanced water treatment systems in mountainous regions. It also underscores the necessity for government attention to improve water safety in remote areas. Our research will contribute valuable baseline data for further research on MP exposure, particularly in mountainous communities.

An Analysis of the Crucial Role of Religious Extremism Contributes to Afghanistan’s Political Instability

Purpose: Political stability in Afghanistan has been hindered by religious extremism. However, several parties have grown up within the country to oppose the government. These extremist groups employ suffering as a means of gaining political power rather than simply using religion Because Sunni, Shia, Hanafi, Wahhabi, and other religious individuals live and work to promote their religions, religious extremism has a significant effect on Afghanistan's political stability. This has led to numerous problems between the citizens and the government. Several explosions have happened in mosques targeting Shia. It is believed that non-Muslims are using this tactic to extend the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan distinctively. This paper aims to analyze the impact of religious extremism on political instability in Afghanistan. In this paper, the analysis is based on the fact that religious extremists have a great impact on the political stability of Afghanistan. Materials and Methods: The study emphasizes analytical and descriptive approaches to gathering and analyzing data, which is more consistent with qualitative studies. The primary approaches used to gather data for qualitative research encompass focus groups, observation, and interviews. Findings: The results of this study are as follows: (1) The analysis of religion is considered one of the important elements in Afghanistan, five categories of participants have different opinions about this response, 51% of respondents agree that religious extremes have an impact on Afghanistan political stability, 38% of participants strongly agree that religion has on impact on political stability in Afghanistan; (2) the supporting of militant groups has an impact on Afghan political instability, 5% of participants are neutral about this response, and 3% of the participants are strongly disagree about the above response. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: We recommend that the Afghan government strictly obey the rule of Islam and international partners should cooperate with Afghanistan in this field.

Reporting Sex and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Research

Incorporating sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression (SOGIE) data into cardiovascular research design is necessary to reduce cardiovascular healthcare disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. To achieve this, researchers should not only understand appropriate terminology, but also implement inclusive survey tools that respect privacy and cultural nuances, as the benefit of obtaining SOGIE information is critical to tailoring cardiovascular interventions and ensuring equitable healthcare outcomes. In order to address potential concerns related to disclosing SOGIE information, we must prioritize sensitivity training for healthcare professionals to foster an inclusive environment for data collection, ethical considerations, and confidentiality safeguards. This review aims to develop and inform critical thinking about sex and gender and to identify strategic mechanisms to include SOGIE data in cardiovascular research, thus improving cardiovascular health outcomes for SGM individuals. By embracing a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to data collection, cardiovascular research can contribute significantly to advancing personalized and inclusive healthcare practices and medical education, and ultimately promote better health outcomes for all SGM individuals.

The enactment of critical digital pedagogical (CDP) practices through pedagogical reasoning.

Abstract This study examines the influence of educator beliefs and pedagogic awareness apropos of their teaching practices due to the invisible nature of pedagogical reasoning especially when facilitating in online teaching environments. The research question focuses on the role of pedagogical reasoning in the enactment of critical digital pedagogy (CDP) at a Centre for Learning, Teaching and Development (CLTD) mandated to support academics. A transformative learning theory lens and the model for pedagogical reasoning and action was employed as the theoretical analytical framework. This study aligns with the qualitative paradigm and considers pedagogical reasoning in CDP practices through a reflective journal as a research instrument and data source. Thematic analysis was engaged in to identify underlying themes. The study foregrounds the importance of reflection through pedagogical reasoning thereby showing how critical practice in CDP endorses the outline and enactment of inclusive teaching settings in blended learning (BL) environments.

Linking national primary care electronic health records to individual records from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey: evaluating the likelihood of linkage based on patient health.

To evaluate the likelihood of linking electronic health records (EHRs) to restricted individual-level American Community Survey (ACS) data based on patient health condition. Electronic health records (2019-2021) are derived from a primary care registry collected by the American Board of Family Medicine. These data were assigned anonymized person-level identifiers (Protected Identification Keys [PIKs]) at the U.S. Census Bureau. These records were then linked to restricted individual-level data from the ACS (2005-2022). We used logistic regressions to evaluate match rates for patients with health conditions across a range of severity: hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Among more than 2.8 million patients, 99.2% were assigned person-level identifiers (PIKs). There were some differences in the odds of receiving an identifier in adjusted models for patients with hypertension (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.63, 1.77) and diabetes (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.22), relative to those without. There were only small differences in the odds of matching to ACS in adjusted models for patients with hypertension (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04), diabetes (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03), and chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.06), relative to those without. Our work supports evidence-building across government consistent with the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 and the goal of leveraging data as a strategic asset. Given the high PIK and ACS match rates, with small differences based on health condition, our findings suggest the feasibility of enhancing the utility of EHR data for research focused on health.

Population Activation Service Through Digital Civil Identification App

Digital population identity is a government innovation for the digitization of population documents as stated in the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 72 of 2022 concerning standards and specifications for hardware, software and electronic identity card forms as well as the implementation of digital population identity. This study describes the quality of population activation services through the IKD application. The type of research used is empirical which is descriptive with a qualitative approach, primary data research data sources and secondary data. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documents. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data recitation and conclusion research. The quality of service in this study uses the theories of Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (2013:23), namely tangibles, reability, responsivess, assurance and empathy. The result of this research is that the quality of IKD services is not optimal, as seen from the tangibles dimension (realized) in the infrastructure and facilities of IKD services and there are still obstacles, namely in the IKD activation procedure due to limited public knowledge.

Trans and gender diverse identities in adolescent health research: making the most of imperfect data

Advancing adolescent health research necessitates deliberate design and analysis that accurately captures the rapidly evolving world in which adolescents live and the ways in which they understand and express themselves...

STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF REGIONAL NEWSPAPERS IN KOSTROMA REGION TO ALL-RUSSIAN STANDARDS: A SYNTACTIC APPROACH

The paper is devoted to the analysis of complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition, cause, goal, concession, consequence in regional newspapers of Kostroma Region in comparison with the data of similar studies conducted on the material of all-Russian periodicals. The grammar of the language, which is the backbone of the entire language system, is the most stable, standardised, which should be manifested at the syntactic level. The description of linguistic phenomena in the materials of regional periodicals in comparison with the all-Russia’s ones contributes to the forming of a general picture of the syntax of the modern Russian language. This paper shows on quantitative research data the correspondence of the syntax of regional newspapers with the language of all-Russia’s periodicals in the following aspects – the distribution of complex sentences with various types of subordinate clauses in the general system of conditionality and the peculiarities of using the means of their construction. It is shown that in the texts of regional newspapers of Kostroma Region, at the syntactic level, there are all the structural and semantic features of complex sentences with the meaning of conditionality – distribution by their types, the use of typed and non-typed means of communication, the phenomena of gradation, inversion, parcellation, phraseologisation of subordinate clauses. On the example of functioning of the most popular, semantically capacious and significant complex sentences, it is concluded that the syntactic media image of Kostroma Region reflects the general picture in modern Russian journalism, which indicates the stability of the system of complex sentences at the current stage of language development.

A review of the potential use of melatonin in cancer treatment: Data analysis from Clinicaltrials.gov.

Melatonin's antioxidative and immune effects suggest potential in cancer therapy. This review assesses related clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. All ClinicalTrials.gov trials registered up to January 17, 2024 were examined, focusing on trials that involved use of melatonin in cancer treatment. A 46 trials were summarized by their study status, study phase, study type, funder type and study results in the use of melatonin in cancer treatment. The examination of the research data revealed a collective count of 46 clinical trials enlisted on ClinicalTrials.gov, all focus around the utilization of melatonin in cancer treatment. Among these, 24 trials had reached completion, constituting 91.3% of the entire trials, while 5 trials were presently in the recruitment phase, making up 10.8% of the total. None of these trials had received approval for marketing yet. The majority focus of the analysis encompassed interventional studies, around 42 trials and representing 91.3% of the overall trials, thereby incorporating most enrolled patients. In contrast, observational studies are a smaller fraction, comprising 4 trials (8.6% of the total), with a correspondingly lower number of involved patients. Regarding funding sources, most registered studies secured funding from diverse entities such as individuals, universities, and organizations, constituting 95.6% of all trials. In comparison, a minority of studies received funding from the National Institutes of Health, comprising 5 trials and accounting for 10.8% of the total trials. The analysis of 46 clinical trials on melatonin's use in cancer treatment reveals a significant importance on interventional studies. Overall, these findings contribute to the evolving understanding of melatonin's role in cancer treatment.

Daily pro-environment behavior in a Pakistani sample: Self and collective efficacy, individual and social norms and environmental concerns

The aim of this study was to analyze the perceived self and collective efficacy, individual and social norms and feelings related to environmental health concern among a sample of Pakistanis who are (or are not) engage in pro- environment behaviors in their daily lives. An ad hoc questionnaire with scales on pro-environmental behavior, self and collective efficacy, individual and social norms, and environmental health concerns was administered to adults in Lahore, Pakistan, and 833 respondents (62% males and 38% females) responded. Analysis of our research data shows that among those who engaged in daily pro-environmental behaviors, perceptions of individual and social norms and individual and collective efficacy were positively associated with concern for the environment and health. This study offers some interesting ideas that could be useful in developing federal, regional, local and community policies to promote daily pro-environmental behaviors. For example, in addition to advocating for environmental health and reducing one’s ecological footprint, social communication could explain that caring about environmental health (and thus adopting daily pro-environmental behaviors) is a way to manage one’s mental health. In this way, circular behavior is encouraged, which not only benefits the environment and the community, but also brings personal benefits.

Implementation of PPCA Imputation, SMOTE-N Class Balancing in Hepatitis Classification Using Naïve Bayes

The availability of complete data in research is crucial, especially in the initial stages. The Hepatitis data used in this study encountered issues such as missing data and class imbalance, which hindered its optimal utilization. The method employed to address missing data was the PPCA imputation method. After filling in the missing data, the data was balanced using the SMOTE-N class balancing method and classified using Gaussian Naïve Bayes. The aim of this research was to compare the classification evaluation of hepatitis disease using Naive Bayes with the PPCA imputation approach and SMOTE-N class balancing. The best results from each scenario yielded an AUC value of 0.833 in the first scenario with an 80:20 data split for training and testing, and 0.875 in the second scenario with a 90:10 data split. The highest AUC value was obtained in the application of PPCA imputation with SMOTE-N class balancing using Naive Bayes classification. This demonstrates that the implementation of PPCA imputation with SMOTE-N class balancing has a better impact on the performance of Naïve Bayes classification.

Cross-Cultural Women's Dialectics to Promote Gender Equality Within SDGs and Reducing Potential Conflict in Manado

Objective: The aim of this research is to verify the findings obtained from the previous research, as well as to explore the role of women in promoting gender equality and within the process of preventing conflict, especially in Indonesia's patriarchal culture. Theoretical Framework: the main concept using in this research is the findings of the previous year's research revealed that in general there were three factors that led to latent conflict, religious factors, political factors and economic factors. This research also uses dialectic communication theory. Method: The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study research approach. Research data was obtained through focus group discussions with community leaders to obtain solid results. Results and Discussion: The research results show that experts or sources confirm that the three conflict factors are latent, namely: religion, politics and economics. Then the role of women is still very limited, because women do not have much space to move in public spaces, although this does not reduce the role of women in efforts to prevent conflict and maintain harmony in society. Research Implications: The findings from the research can be used as a reference in creating policy texts regarding how to maintain peace by prioritizing the role of women in society in Indonesia. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by explaining latent factors that can become potential conflicts and how to prevent them through a cross-cultural dialectical process carried out by women.

Factors influencing low-income citizens’ choice of Sharia-subsidized housing credit in Indonesia

Purpose This paper aims to find several factors from religiosity aspects (perceived religiosity on property [PRP], perceived Islamic debt principle, perceived maqasid on homeownership, Shariah-compliant products [SCPs]) and financial aspects (mortgage repayment policy [MRP], well-versed bankers, perceived financial benefit [PFB], perceived risk), which influence the willingness of low-income people to choose Sharia-subsidized Kredit pemilikan rumah/mortgage (KPR) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach Research data was obtained from 235 respondents and analyzed using the partial least square-structural equation modeling method. Findings The research results show that PRP, SCPs, MRP and PFBs significantly influence the willingness to choose Sharia-subsidized mortgage. The practical implication that can be applied to increase the willingness of low-income people to choose Sharia-subsidized mortgage is by promoting it more massively with elements of community religiosity. Originality/value Sharia banking as the bank implementing Sharia-subsidized mortgage can consider the financial benefits of the debtor by implementing payment policies that make it easier for customers who have financial difficulties, such as rescheduling and payment holiday policies so that public interest in choosing Sharia-subsidized mortgage increases, so the problem of housing needs in low-income people can find its solution.