Data For Complexes Research Articles

Thermodynamic Data for Sn(IV) Dioxides and Hydroxido Complexes: A Critical Review

Thermodynamic Data for Sn(IV) Dioxides and Hydroxido Complexes: A Critical Review

Insight into Point Defects and Complex Defects in β-Mo2C and Carbide Evolution from First Principles.

In this paper, first principles method was adopted to investigate the point defects, Vanadium-related defects and defect combinations (vacancy (V), substitutional (S) and/or interstitial (I)) in molybdenum β-Mo2C and explore the use of first principles calculation data in analysing the link between different carbides and the effects of doping elements. Supercell models with different defect types were established and optimized, and the formation energy data of defects was developed. The structure evolution during the optimization process is analysed in detail to establish the main characteristics of changes and the relevant electronic properties. The data for different types of intrinsic defects and combined defects complexes was developed and key results is analysed. The results show that carbon vacancy (VC) is stable but does not inevitably exist in pure β-Mo2C. Interstitial site II is a very unstable position for any type of atoms (Mo, V and C), and analysis of the structure evolution shows that the atom always moves to the interface area near the interstitial site I between two layers. In particular, a C atom can expand the lattice structure when it exists between the layer interfaces. One type of the defects studied, the substitution of Mo with V (designated as ‘SV-Mo’), is the most stable defect among all single point defects. The data for defect complexes shows that the combination of multiple SV-Mo defects in the super cell being more stable than the combination of other defects (e.g., ‘VMo+IC’, ‘SV-Mo+VC’). The data with increasing SV-Mo in (Mo, V)2C system is developed, and typical data (e.g., formation energy) for Mo-rich carbides and V carbides are correlated and the potential of the data in analysing transition of different carbides is highlighted. The relevance of using first principles calculation data in the studying of V-doping and the complex carbides (V- and Mo-rich carbides) evolution in different materials systems and future focus of continuous work is also discussed.

An open-source OpenSim® ankle-foot musculoskeletal model for assessment of strains and forces in dense connective tissues

BackgroundThe ankle and foot are among the most critical load-bearing joints in the human anatomy. Anatomically accurate human body models are imperative to understanding the mechanics of injury and musculoskeletal disorders. A typical human ankle-foot anatomy consists of 25 DOFs, 112 dense connective tissues (DCTs) (92 ligaments, one capsule and 19 fasciae), 30 tendons, and 65 muscles. Existing models possess less than half of the DOFs and physiological elements. In this work, we have developed an ankle-foot joint complex musculoskeletal model for the OpenSim® platform by incorporating 24 degrees of freedom (DOF) comprising of 66 DCTs (46 ligaments, one 1 capsule and 19 fasciae), 30 tendons, and 65 muscles. MethodsComputed tomography (CT) data of human ankle joint-foot complex was segmented using Mimics ® (Version 17.0, Materialise, Belgium) to obtain models of the cartilages and bones of the ankle joint-foot complex. The position and resting lengths of the DCTs were attained from the MRI data and literature. Five joints, namely, tibiotalar, subtalar, chopart, tarsometatarsal (TMT), and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and their joint axes were formulated to yield 24 DOFs. A forward simulation was carried out at each joint of the ankle-foot complex within their respective range of motions. The strains, instantaneous strain rates, and forces developed in the ligaments during the simulation were studied. ResultsDuring plantar-dorsiflexion of the tibiotalar joint, the anterior tibio-talar ligament (aTTL) yielded the maximum strain compared to all other ligaments. Anterior tibio-fibular ligament (aTFL) experienced extreme strain during subtalar inversion. Hence, the coupled kinematics of subtalar inversion and plantar flexion are failure-prone activities for aTFL. The chopart, TMT, and MTP joints yielded maximum strains or forces for several bundles at the extremes of the range of motion. This signifies that rotations of these joints to their extreme range of motion are prone to failure for the bundles attached to the joint complex. ConclusionThe results illustrate the potential application of the proposed OpenSim® ankle-foot model in understanding the ligament injury mechanism during sports activity and its prevention. Researchers can use the proposed model or customise it to study complex kinematics, understanding injury mechanisms, testing fixtures, orthosis or prosthesis, and many more in the domain of musculoskeletal research.

Recent Developments to Cope the Antibacterial Resistance via β-Lactamase Inhibition.

Antibacterial resistance towards the β-lactam (BL) drugs is now ubiquitous, and there is a major global health concern associated with the emergence of new β-lactamases (BLAs) as the primary cause of resistance. In addition to the development of new antibacterial drugs, β-lactamase inhibition is an alternative modality that can be implemented to tackle this resistance channel. This strategy has successfully revitalized the efficacy of a number of otherwise obsolete BLs since the discovery of the first β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI), clavulanic acid. Over the years, β-lactamase inhibition research has grown, leading to the introduction of new synthetic inhibitors, and a few are currently in clinical trials. Of note, the 1, 6-diazabicyclo [3,2,1]octan-7-one (DBO) scaffold gained the attention of researchers around the world, which finally culminated in the approval of two BLIs, avibactam and relebactam, which can successfully inhibit Ambler class A, C, and D β-lactamases. Boronic acids have shown promise in coping with Ambler class B β-lactamases in recent research, in addition to classes A, C, and D with the clinical use of vaborbactam. This review focuses on the further developments in the synthetic strategies using DBO as well as boronic acid derivatives. In addition, various other potential serine- and metallo- β-lactamases inhibitors that have been developed in last few years are discussed briefly as well. Furthermore, binding interactions of the representative inhibitors have been discussed based on the crystal structure data of inhibitor-enzyme complex, published in the literature.

Silver Ion-Induced Formation of Unprecedented Thorium Nonamer Clusters via Lacuna-Construction Strategy

Silver Ion-Induced Formation of Unprecedented Thorium Nonamer Clusters via Lacuna-Construction Strategy

A novel approach for anomaly detection in automatic meter intelligence system using machine learning and pattern recognition

Anomaly detection for sensor systems is one of the most researched topics for the Internet of Thing systems. Researchers have been attracted to machine learning classification problems that are considered the most effective techniques. The novel model is proposed by combining anomaly pattern Symbolic Aggregate Approximation (SAX), processing imbalance data and machine learning techniques for sensor anomaly detection. The advantage of anomaly patterns and machine learning leads to the the proposed model to have better performance. The proposed model consists of three phases: finding anomaly pattern features, processing imbalanced data, exploring data by machine learning model. In this paper, the main contributions with respect to previous works can be listed as follows: (i) Successful modeling the new method of SAX for time series data for finding complex and dynamic anomaly patterns. (ii) Archiving applied anomaly pattern feature into machine learning model Random Forest and hyperparameters optimisation of these model. (iii) Fitfully proposed a model combining SAX, imbalance technique, and random forest to anomaly detection. (iv) Achieving applied proposal model in automatic meter intelligence system in Vietnam. The experiential results of the proposed model have described the robustness and better performance for detecting anomalies of power meter sensors.

A SEMIPARAMETRIC MULTIPLE IMPUTATION APPROACH TO FULLY SYNTHETIC DATA FOR COMPLEX SURVEYS.

Data synthesis is an effective statistical approach for reducing data disclosure risk. Generating fully synthetic data might minimize such risk, but its modeling and application can be difficult for data from large, complex surveys. This article extended the two-stage imputation to simultaneously impute item missing values and generate fully synthetic data. A new combining rule for making inferences using data generated in this manner was developed. Two semiparametric missing data imputation models were adapted to generate fully synthetic data for skewed continuous variable and sparse binary variable, respectively. The proposed approach was evaluated using simulated data and real longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study. The proposed approach was also compared with two existing synthesis approaches: (1) parametric regressions models as implemented in IVEware; and (2) nonparametric Classification and Regression Trees as implemented in synthpop package for R using real data. The results show that high data utility is maintained for a wide variety of descriptive and model-based statistics using the proposed strategy. The proposed strategy also performs better than existing methods for sophisticated analyses such as factor analysis.

Synthesis, Magnetic Moment, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Studies of INH Incorporating Schiff Base Metal Complexes

The Isoniazid (INH) ring system is one of the most important heterocycles in nature, as it represents an important structural motif of many biological compounds. It possesses significant antibacterial activity and is given in combination with Rifampicin, ethambutol, or pyrazinamide. There is, therefore, an urgent need to design rapid, efficient, and environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of metal complexation of INH-based moiety to improve its stability and bioactivity. Herein, we have developed a novel tetradentate INH incorporated Schiff base as an organic ligand, formed by the condensation reaction of INH and 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde in ethanol using glacial acetic acid resulting in the formation of N-[(E)-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylen]isonicotinohydrazid as primary ligand and its Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes having general composition [M(L)(H2O)2]·2H2O. Spectroscopic characterization such as mass, IR, UV, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR of N-[(E)-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylen]isonicotinohydrazid led to the conclusion that the synthesized Schiff base acts as a tetradentate organic ligand and can be used for further metal complexation. IR’s functional group frequency change confirmed its complex formation with transition metal ions. The octahedral geometry for the [M(INH-L)].2H2O is proposed based on analytical and spectroscopic data of complexes. Magnetic susceptibility study indicates newly prepared transition metal complexes are paramagnetic. Present research work has several advantages such as the eco-friendly method, easy work-up, excellent yield for the preparation of bioactive organic ligands, improved stability, and antibiotic, antifungal properties of organic ligands after complexation.

Novel protein contact points among TP53 and minichromosome maintenance complex proteins 2, 3, and 5.

Identify protein contact points between TP53 and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex proteins 2, 3, and 5 with high resolution allowing for potential novel Cancer drug design. A next-generation sequencing-based protein-protein interaction method developed in our laboratory called AVA-Seq was applied to a gold-standard human protein interaction set. Proteins including TP53, MCM2, MCM3, MCM5, HSP90AA1, PCNA, NOD1, and others were sheared and ligated into the AVA-Seq system. Protein-protein interactions were then identified in both mild and stringent selective conditions. Known interactions among MCM2, MCM3, and MCM5 were identified with the AVA-Seq system. The interacting regions detected between these three proteins overlap with the structural data of the MCM complex, and novel domains were identified with high resolution determined by multiple overlapping fragments. Fragments of wild type TP53 were shown to interact with MCM2, MCM3, and MCM5, and details on the location of the interactions were provided. Finally, a mini-network of known and novel cancer protein interactions was provided, which could have implications for fundamental changes in multiple cancers. We provide a high-resolution mini-interactome that could direct novel drug targets and implicate possible effects of specific cancer mutations.

Unmixing of REE-Nb enriched carbonatites after incremental fractionation of alkaline magmas in the Shaxiongdong complex, Central China

Carbonatites are often temporally and spatially associated with alkaline silicate rocks. However, petrogenetic models of formation of alkaline‑carbonatite complex and the related rare metal element enrichment processes are still in a matter of debate. In this study, we present detailed petrographic observations and geochemical data for the Shaxiongdong complex, consisting of meta-pyroxenite, syenite, and carbonatite in the South Qinling Belt, Central China. Meta-pyroxenite crops out as a marginal face of the complex and has higher Mg, Fe, Ti, Ca and P contents relative to syenite, consistent with a cumulate of pyroxene, magnetite, ilmenite, titanite and apatite. Syenite is the main central phase of the complex and can cut the meta-pyroxenite as dykes or veins. Both meta-pyroxenite and syenite show various degrees of fenitization, in which the residual syenite looks like breccia cemented by fenite. Carbonatite locally occurs as dykes of dozens of centimeters in width within syenite and meta-pyroxenite and hosts the most Nb and REE of the complex. Nb-rich minerals, e.g., pyrochlore, crystallized coeval with aegirine and apatite in carbonatite, implying a magmatic origin. In contrast, most REE minerals are spatially associated with barite and are interstitial to calcite, implying they were mainly crystallized from residual carbonatite magmas or magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Carbonatite samples with REE mineralization have oxygen isotopes slightly higher than those of unmineralized and Nb mineralized samples, supporting the involvement of hydrothermal fluids in REE mineralization. UPb dating of titanite and zircon from meta-pyroxenite, syenite and the associated fenite yielded identical ages of ~440 Ma. Carbonatite, syenite, and meta-pyroxenite all have nearly identical SrNd isotopes ((87Sr/86Sr)i: 0.70298 to 0.70367; εNd(t):+3.6 to +4.6), suggesting that all of these rocks were derived from the same mantle source. Fractionation modeling suggests the syenites evolve from a parental alkali basalt magma by separation of cumulate pyroxenite in the complex and finally lead to the unmixing of Nb-REE enriched carbonatites. The subsequent fractionation of carbonatite melts led to Nb and REE mineralization in the Shaxiongdong carbonatite. Niobium minerals formed at early magmatic stage, while most REE minerals likely crystallized from the late magma residuals or precipitated from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. This genetic model can be widely applicable to other alkaline‑carbonatite complexes and provides a reasonable explanation for extreme enrichment of rare metals in such rocks.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Pharmacological Significance of Schiff Base Complex

The Schiff base ligand and the Metal complex have been characterized by elemental analysis IR, UV-visible, NMR, conductivity measurements. The Molar conductance of Mn(II) complex showed non- electrolyte in nature. The spectroscopic data of metal complex indicated that the metal ion is complexed with azomethine nitrogen and the complex exhibit octahedral arrangements. The entire complex exhibited more antimicrobial than ligand Further the metal complex screened for cytotoxic studies against a panel of human cancer lines.

Isla San Pedro Nolasco as a Late Miocene intrusive record at the eastern margin of the Gulf of California: Insights from geological, geochemical and geochronological studies

Isla San Pedro Nolasco (ISPN) is a structural high bounded by inactive dextral oblique-slip faults in the east-central part of the Gulf of California rift zone and is composed of intrusive rocks not exposed on other Gulf of California islands. Here we present the reconnaissance results from geological mapping, as well as first geochemical and geochronological data for the ISPN intrusive complex. The intrusive rocks compose a sheet-like body of intermediate and felsic composition intruded by an intermediate and acidic dike swarm. All intrusive rocks (host and dikes) range in age from ca. 9 Ma to 10 Ma (40Ar/39Ar) and show a hydrous ferromagnesian mineral association (amphibole and biotite) with a calc-alkalic and transitional affinity. This hydrated mineralogical association has not been recognized in the coeval rocks along the onshore western margin of the North American plate (coastal Sonora). However, such hydrous mineralogical association is found in the coeval rift transitional volcanic rocks from the Baja California Microplate at Santa Rosalía and Bahía de Los Ángeles – Bahía de Las Ánimas. The ISPN continental block, at least 40 km long, has been pulled apart by transtensional faulting of the late Miocene Gulf of California shear zone before the westward migration of the North America-Pacific plate boundary at ca. 3–2 Ma. Eventually, ISPN became isolated as an island during the late Miocene flooding of the Gulf of California seaway.

Understanding Ir(III) Photocatalyst Structure-Activity Relationships: A Highly Parallelized Study of Light-Driven Metal Reduction Processes.

High-throughput synthesis and screening methods were used to measure the photochemical activity of 1440 distinct heteroleptic [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ complexes for the photoreduction of Sn(II) and Zn(II) cations to their corresponding neutral metals. Kinetic data collection was carried out using home-built photoreactors and measured initial rates, obtained through an automated fitting algorithm, spanned between 0-120 μM/s for Sn(0) deposition and 0-90 μM/s for Zn(0) deposition. Photochemical reactivity was compared to photophysical properties previously measured such as deaerated excited state lifetime and emission spectral data for these same complexes; however, no clear correlations among these features were observed. A formal photochemical rate law was then developed to help elucidate the observed reactivity. Initial rates were found to be directly correlated to the product of incident photon flux with three reaction elementary efficiencies: (1) the fraction of light absorbed by the photocatalyst, (2) the fraction of excited state species that are quenched by the electron donor, and (3) the cage escape efficiency. The most active catalysts exhibit high efficiencies for all three steps, and catalyst engineering requirements to maximize these elementary efficiencies were postulated. The kinetic treatment provided the mechanistic information needed to decipher the observed structure/function trends in the high-throughput work.

A comparative analysis of machine learning classifiers for predicting protein-binding nucleotides in RNA sequences

RNA-protein interactions play vital roles in driving the cellular machineries. Despite significant involvement in several biological processes, the underlying molecular mechanism of RNA-protein interactions is still elusive. This may be due to the experimental difficulties in solving co-crystallized RNA-protein complexes. Inherent flexibility of RNA molecules to adopt different conformations makes them functionally diverse. Their interactions with protein have implications in RNA disease biology. Thus, study of binding interfaces can provide a mechanistic insight of the molecular functioning and aberrations caused due to altered interactions. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing technologies have generated huge sequence data compared to available structural data of RNA-protein complexes. In such a scenario, efficient computational algorithms are required for identification of protein-binding interfaces of RNA in the absence of known structures. We have investigated several machine learning classifiers and various features derived from nucleotide sequences to identify protein-binding nucleotides in RNA. We achieve best performance with nucleotide-triplet and nucleotide-quartet feature-based random forest models. An overall accuracy of 84.8%, sensitivity of 83.2%, specificity of 86.1%, MCC of 0.70 and AUC of 0.93 is achieved. We have further implemented the developed models in a user-friendly webserver “Nucpred”, which is freely accessible at “http://www.csb.iitkgp.ac.in/applications/Nucpred/index”.

Explorations of the nonheme high-valent iron-oxo landscape: crystal structure of a synthetic complex with an [FeIV2(μ-O)2] diamond core relevant to the chemistry of sMMOH.

Methanotrophic bacteria utilize methane monooxygenase (MMO) to carry out the first step in metabolizing methane. The soluble enzymes employ a hydroxylase component (sMMOH) with a nonheme diiron active site that activates O2 and generates a powerful oxidant capable of converting methane to methanol. It is proposed that the diiron(II) center in the reduced enzyme reacts with O2 to generate a diferric-peroxo intermediate called P that then undergoes O-O cleavage to convert into a diiron(IV) derivative called Q, which carries out methane hydroxylation. Most (but not all) of the spectroscopic data of Q accumulated by various groups to date favor the presence of an FeIV2(μ-O)2 unit with a diamond core. The Que lab has had a long-term interest in making synthetic analogs of iron enzyme intermediates. To this end, the first crystal structure of a complex with a FeIIIFeIV(μ-O)2 diamond core was reported in 1999, which exhibited an Fe⋯Fe distance of 2.683(1) Å. Now more than 20 years later, a complex with an FeIV2(μ-O)2 diamond core has been synthesized in sufficient purity to allow diffraction-quality crystals to be grown. Its crystal structure has been solved, revealing an Fe⋯Fe distance of 2.711(4) Å for comparison with structural data for related complexes with lower iron oxidation states.

A cloud-aided remanufacturing framework to assess the relative complexity

Sustainability of production systems is currently the main priority factor for industrial systems. Factories are trying to apply circular economy models to mitigate their impact on the terrestrial ecosystem while respecting the major human centric perspective. They adopt technologies to support the design and manufacturing of reusable/remanufactured parts. These allow the effectiveness and efficiency (managing strategical paths and operational data) of complex remanufacturing systems, now commonly integrated within cloud management and control platforms. Here, uncertainty and unreliable factors can be managed across integrated rules/paths based on a main framework for closed loop arrangements. In this paper, we proposed a schematization constituted of holons for product adaptation on re-manufacturing context. We designed, as per state of art analysis, a cloud-aided remanufacturing frame for complexity measurement and product adaptation on reliable and sustainable blocks regarding consumption, reception, recovery and release. This framework is proposed for main usage in assembly/disassembly processes. It wants to map the main blocks (properly holons) and connections influencing complexity management for return products.

Biological Evaluation of Platinum(II) Sulfonamido Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Biological Imaging.

Platinum-based compounds are actively used in clinical trials as anticancer agents. In this study, two novel platinum complexes, (C1 = [PtCl2(N(SO2quin)dpa)], C2 = [PtCl2(N(SO2azobenz)dpa)]) containing quinoline and azobenzene appended dipicolylamine sulfonamide ligands were synthesized in good yield. The singlet attributable to methylene CH2 protons of the ligands of C1 and C2 appears as two doublets in 1H NMR spectra, which confirms the presence of magnetically nonequivalent protons upon coordination to platinum. Structural data of N(SO2quin)dpa (L1), N(SO2azobenz)dpa (L2) and PtCl2(N(SO2quin)dpa) confirmed the formation of the desired compounds. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations suggested that the excitation of L1 show quin-unit-based π⟶π∗ excitations (i.e., ligand-centered charge transfer, LC), while C1 shows the metal-ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLLCT) character. L1 displays intense fluorescence from the 1LC excited state, while C1 gives phosphorescence from the 3LC state. Mammalian cell toxicity of ligands and complexes was assessed with NCI–H292 nonsmall-cell lung cancer cells. Further, C1 and C2 showed significantly low IC50 values compared with N(SO2azobenz)dpa and PtCl2(N(SO2quin)dpa). Fluorescence imaging data of both ligands and complexes revealed the potential fluorescence activity of these compounds for biological imaging. All four compounds are promising novel candidates that can be further investigated on their usage as potential anticancer agents and cancer cell imaging agents.

Distribucija gatalinki (Hyla SPP.) u Srbiji - implikacije skorašnje taksonomske revizije

We present the updated distribution data of the Hyla arborea species complex in Serbia. Hyla arborea inhabits all biogeographic regions, while Hyla orientalis inhabits only the easternmost parts of northeastern , Eastern and southeastern Serbia. Potential hybrid zone encompasses parts of central and southern Serbia from the Đerdap gorge, over Niš to Bosilegrad. Since the taxonomic separation UROŠEVIĆ, A. ET AL.: DISTRIBUTION OF TREE FROGS (HYLA SPP.) IN Serbia 138 between the tree frog taxa was not yet recognized in national nomenclature, we propose the official Serbian names. The species H. arborea will keep the standard Serbian name "Gatalinka", while for the species H. orientalis we propose the name "Istočna gatalinka".

Nickel(II)-Complex of Ceftibuten Dihydrate: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Study

Ceftibuten dihydrate is a semisynthetic, orally administered, third generation cephalosporin antibiotic which is effective against most of the pathogens causing infections in the respiratory tract. Complexation of ceftibuten dehydrate (Ligand, L) was performed with hydrated Ni(II) salt (Metal, M) in the ratio of 2:1 (L:M) in aqueous medium at 90 oC. The metal complex was then characterized by spectral techniques and thermal analyses. The FT-IR spectral data of metal complex suggested the monodentate bonding of metal ion to carboxylate group. Spectral evidence also supported the formation of five-membered ring via coordination of metal ion to β-lactam nitrogen and carboxylate group of parent drug. Thermal behavior of ligand and complex were studied. Thus, thermoanalytical (DSC and TGA) results also supported the formation of new metal complex, indicating the successful interaction of metal ion to ligand. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 219-225, 2021 (December)

Multiple established forms of palladium acetate binding to the four N-atom donor 2,3-dicyano-5,6-di(2-pyridyl)-pyrazine, [(CN)2dpp

The reaction of the ligand 2,3-dicyano-5,6-di(2-pyridyl)-pyrazine, [(CN)2dpp], with Pd(OAc)2, in CH3CN leads to the formation of three novel complexes which were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, single crystal and powder X-ray measurements, MALDI-TOF mass spectra, IR and UV–visible spectroscopy as well as electrochemistry. As established by crystallographic work, the complex of formula [(CN)2dppPd(OAc)2]⋅H2O (molar ratio ligand/Pd(II) 1:1; species 3) shows a single Pd(OAc)2 unit coordinated to each nitrogen of the two pyridyl (py) groups of [(CN)2dpp]. i.e. the “py-py” mode of coordination previously established for the analogs [(CN)2dppMCl2] (M = Pd(II), Pt(II)). The second isolated species is a highly insoluble dinuclear Pd(II) complex of formula [(CN)2dpp{Pd(OAc)2}2]⋅5H2O (molar ratio ligand/Pd(II) 1:2; species 1), where the two Pd(OAc)2 units are each coordinated to one pyrazine nitrogen and one N atom of a pyridyl group on [(CN)2dpp] (“py-pyz” binding). Based on crystallographic work, the third isolated species is assigned the formula [(CN)(CONH)dppPd(OAc)] (molar ratio ligand/Pd(II) 1:1; species 2), which is formed by hydrolysis of a CN substituent on [(CN)2dpp] giving a –CONH- group and characterized by a “py-pyz” type of coordination. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical data of complexes 1, 2, and 3 in DMF and DMSO were used to assign the sites of electron transfer.