Mode Of Data Collection Research Articles

THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTED BY DIFFERENTLY-ABLED STUDENTS IN INCLUSIVE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION AT HIGHER LEVEL

The present study aimed to examine the challenges faced by differently-abled students in inclusive system of education at higher level. The sample size was 53 differently-abled students of three universities. Mode of data collection was survey to get responses from differently-abled students by questionnaire comprised 17 items. The first area of questionnaire explores attitudinal problems, the second area explore lack of facilities and third area of questionnaire explore the educational problems. Data from replies were entered into the statistical tool (SPSS) to examine challenges faced by students with disabilities in the inclusive higher education systems. For this purpose, statistical methods like mathematical mean, frequency, percent, standard deviation, crosstabs and Chi-Square were used. All participant agreed to give information about attitudinal problems, lack of facilities & educational problem faced by differently-abled students of universities. The result suggested that in order to support or accommodate the students with the differently-abled needs, the government and higher education institutions must create specific funding for special students to meet their educational requirements.

Caring neighbourhood and loneliness: Importance of applying a place-based perspective.

Background: Loneliness is recognized as an important societal challenge, with high policy attention the last years. In Flanders an important policy objective is to counteract loneliness by investing in so-called caring neighbourhoods. Although some research indicates that physical and social neighbourhood characteristics (e.g. public parks, public transportation) affect loneliness, little is known in this respect. 
 Aim: The goal of this workshop is to gain more insight into the relation between the neighbourhood and loneliness. Further, much loneliness research is limited to specific age groups and does not take into account the different dimensions of loneliness (emotional, social and existential). This distinction is nevertheless crucial because interventions that aim to counteract loneliness must be tailored around the unique needs of the individual and must consider specific dimensions of loneliness. 
 Participants: The workshop is for everyone interested in how neighbourhood characteristics impact loneliness among people of all ages, and on how to deal with this in research and practice. Both people with and without experience in the subject are welcome.
 Design of the workshop:
 1.Inspirational presentations (40’)
 •Insight into loneliness prevalence. Hannelore Stegen conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of loneliness among community-dwelling older people. We will discuss how different measurement instruments and modes of datacollection lead to different results.
 •Presentation of the FWO-SBO project ‘A Lonely Planet?’. In this part, we discuss which neighbourhood characteristics relate to the risk of loneliness. Leen Heylen, Liesbeth De Donder and Jasper De Witte present the first results of the interuniversity research project A Lonely Planet? Addressing LONELIness from a PLAce-based perspective: research on the influence of Neighbourhood and Environment. Goal is to increase our understanding on the role of neighbourhood characteristics in loneliness.
 •Third, SAAMO Limburg & West-Vlaanderen (i.e. Community Building Organisation) add a practitioner perspective. Together we dive into possibilities on how to deal with tackling and preventing loneliness in caring neighbourhoods. Which neighbourhood level practices can prevent or alleviate loneliness? They present their experiences with several practical projects. 
 •After each presentation, space is reserved for questions and reflections of the audience. 
 2.Interactive work-tables. Through interactive “work-tables” with the participants, we aim to formulate specific recommendations on how to prevent and counteract loneliness from a neighbourhood perspective. (35’)
 Table 1: Which neighbourhood characteristics relate to the risk of loneliness among adults?
 Table 2: How do neighbourhood characteristics relate to the risk of loneliness among adults?
 Table 3: In which manner can loneliness be prevented and alleviated on a neighbourhood level?
 3.Closing: plenary ‘sharing’ session (15’)
 A participant of each table shares the main take-away-home messages from their table. 
 End goal: The goal of this workshop is to create awareness among the participants about the impact that neighbourhood characteristics can have on the level of loneliness among people of all ages, as well as on how to deal with it in practice, research and policy. The co-created content of the workshop will be gathered in a report and shared on the website of “A Lonely Planet”.

Impact of Mode Switching on Nonresponse and Bias in a Multimode Longitudinal Study of Young Adults.

Young adults are generally hard to survey, presenting researchers with numerous difficulties. They are hard to locate and contact due to high mobility. They are hard to persuade and exhibit high levels of resistance to survey participation. As a result, they pose a greater challenge for longitudinal surveys. This paper explores the role of mode of data collection in young adults' decisions to stay in a longitudinal panel. We draw on data from the National Young Adult Health Survey (NYAHS). NYAHS is a longitudinal study (three annual waves and 2 brief between-wave follow-up surveys) of adults aged 18-34 initially recruited in 2019 through RDD sampling of cell phone numbers nationwide. All sampled cell phone numbers were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions; the conditions differed in mode of data collection used in subsequent interviews once screened in. In the first condition, young adults continue all rounds of interviews by telephone ("telephone only" condition). The second group of young adults completed one round of interview by web and the rest by telephone ("telephone mostly" condition). The last third was asked to complete three interviews online and two interviews by telephone ("web mostly" condition). We examined the impact of mode switching on young adults' likelihood of participating in later surveys and on nonresponse bias in key survey outcomes. We found that switching young adults from telephone to web had an immediate negative effect on their likelihood of participating in that web survey, but it did not have a continued negative effect. Switching them from web to telephone increased response rates and reduced nonresponse bias. The findings have important practical implications on how to survey young adults.

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF PASSION FOR TEACHING ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL HEADS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of passion for teaching on the relationship between organizational culture and empowering leadership of school heads. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 331 elementary public school teachers who belong to the 2 districts, Bansalan East and Bansalan West under the Division of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized the total population technique and survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r, and Path Analysis. From the results of the study, it was found out that there is a high level of mean scores for all variables of organizational culture and empowering leadership of school heads and very high mean scores for passion for teaching. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between organizational culture and between passion for teaching and empowering leadership of school heads. Further, it was revealed that there was a partial mediation effect of passion for teaching on the relationship between organizational culture and empowering leadership of school heads. This implies that the passion for teaching conveys organizational culture.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0019/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Behavioural interventions designed to increase commuter cycling: A systematic review

The societal reliance on motorised transport is negatively affecting the health of humans and the environment. Active travel provides a unique solution to both issues by removing the number of motorised vehicles on the road, while also increasing physical activity rates. Interventions that encourage greater uptake of active travel are considered to be highly beneficial to society. This systematic review of the literature sought to provide evidence to answer the question which behavioural interventions increase commuter cycling? Five databases were searched to identify articles that tested a behavioural intervention to increase commuter cycling. Article parameters were defined from the literature and in consultation with the research team. Study selection, quality appraisal and data extraction were undertaken using Covidence. The final 25 articles revealed that personalised travel plans and mobile phone-based platforms were the most common interventions. Unvalidated travel surveys were the most widely used mode of data collection. Modest increases in commuter cycling were observed across studies; however, the heterogeneity of study designs and reporting of results did not allow aggregation of findings. This review highlights the need for high quality behavioural science research into active travel. This will assist us to better understand the most effective interventions that increase levels of commuter cycling, subsequently improving environmental and human health.

A NOVEL MULTIFREQUENCY GPS APP FOR STUDYING OLDER ADULTS: IMPROVING ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF DATA

Abstract Acquiring global positioning system (GPS) data can help researchers understand the relationship between older adult’s location/activity and their health, but existing GPS data collection modes suffer from issues with precision, consistency, and acceptability. Some limitations of current GPS mobile apps are satellite service disruption, power saving mode interference, miscalibration of device’s compass, and user-error during data collection which result in missing or inaccurate data. We present a novel multilingual GPS mobile app and live administrative dashboard to address these limitations. The app performs triangulation between GPS satellite data, nearest cellular tower, and WiFi router location data which are processed through a unique GPS algorithm with a mean error of only 1.5 meters. Since GPS data results in coordinates commonly reverse geo-coded to place-based datasets, the accuracy is critical in determining place type or other characteristics. The app is additionally designed with redundancy and fault tolerance in mind to run continuously in the background of a user’s smartphone, so there is no data loss from accidentally closing the application or restarting the phone. Moreover, this new application has a flexible sampling rate ranging from 1 second to 20 minutes. Sampling frequency flexibility can adjust the battery life and reduce the need to charge as frequently. Last, application programming interface (API) integrations allow for live data stream, which can improve monitoring and troubleshooting in the field. For research with older adult populations, these features can not only improve the accuracy of collected data but also increase the acceptability of collecting GPS data.

Netnography evolved: New contexts, scope, procedures and sensibilities

Netnography is an ever-evolving qualitative digital research method that has been used and advanced by tourism researchers to understand a broad spectrum of topics. Developments such as artificial intelligence and emerging cultural phenomena offer new opportunities for tourism netnographers but require procedural adjustments. This paper updates, applies, and explains how contemporary netnographers collect digital traces and diverse user experiences while following and adapting the method's foundational steps, movements, and operations. Expanding the field of touristic inquiry using netnography to new sites, data, and experience types, balancing rigor and adaptability, emphasizing engagement, ethics, empathy, and immersion, and elaborating the interpretation of different data collection modalities, this paper provides a novel and cutting-edge guide for applying netnography in contemporary tourism research.

Focus Group Discussion on Students’ Perception of Gamification in Learning Cohesion in Arabic

Learning languages had been taught as a passive process. But in this era of Information and Communication Technology, a lot of educators use the technology provided on the Internet to attract students to focus on learning. Nowadays, gamification is widely used by educators while teaching online including Arabic language. Thus, this study aims to identify the students’ perception on gamification in learning Arabic cohesive devices. This study employed qualitative approach which the researchers used focus group discussion as a mode of data collection. The sampling method used is convenience sampling which all of them are students at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 2nd year students, semester 2, 2018/2019 taking Arabic subject. In this study, researchers managed to recruit 14 participants for 3 focus group discussion whereby 5 participants respectively in the first group and 4 participants in another group. From the result of the research, the process of learning Arabic cohesive devices in the Arabic language takes place with all enjoyment which increases the students’ interest for learning.

Core outcome set for economic evaluation of dementia interventions: A consensus exercise with health economists who incorporate economic evaluations into dementia trial

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare decision‐makers worldwide are increasingly seeking to optimise allocation of resources to dementia and the incorporation of economic evaluations into randomised control trials provide definitive information for such decisions. Economic evaluations are rapidly increasing in number in dementia and standardisation of methods ensure comparability of economic evidence.MethodCore outcomes sets (COS) aim to provide international recommendations on outcome measurement in trials and currently there exists no COS for economic evaluations of dementia interventions. Our systematic searches identified over 100 economic evaluations of dementia interventions, and critical appraisal demonstrates opportunities for greater standardisation of applied economic methods. This study aims to agree standardised methods for economic measures of a) health outcomes and b) resource use that should be measured and reported in future trial‐based economic evaluation in dementia.ResultThe COS for the economic evaluation of dementia interventions will be developed from two main steps:First, a systematic review (currently being finalised) extracts information on how costs and benefits are estimated, analysed and reported. All studies published before December 2022, and confirmed as trial‐based economic evaluation, are included. Included studies all contain economic measures and we will report participant characteristics (type of dementia, severity), study design and evaluation types, type of interventions, mode of data collection and instrument(s) used to derive the health outcomes and resource uses.Second, which speaks specifically to action research at AAIC 2023, we will conduct a Delphi consensus focus groups with economists who have collaborated with dementia‐trial teams. Data extracted during the systematic review will be presented to provide a basis for the consensus recommendations on measures commonly required for economic evaluation in dementia. In the case where consensus was not reached, we may conduct additional consensus exercises. We will also consider country contexts (high versus low‐middle income, or country‐level financing and reimbursement mechanisms) in finalising recommended COS of health and resource use measures.ConclusionFindings from COS for economic evaluations of dementia intervention will be published in a dementia‐focused journal and more broadly communicated to a broad range of stakeholders.

Economics Teachers’ Awareness and Readiness Towards the Use of Podcasting for Teaching and Learning in Bodinga Local Government, Sokoto State-Nigeria

This study investigated the economics teacher’s awareness and readiness toward the use of podcasting for teaching and learning in secondary schools in Bodinga’s local government area of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research was used. Qualitative saved as a mode of data collection. The populations of the study were all from secondary schools in Bodinga local government area, the sample was drowned from four secondary schools in Bodinga local government, Sokoto state Nigeria. Eight economics teachers were used as samples, two from each secondary school. Three objectives and three research questions were formed to guide the study. Data Blank was used as an instrument for data collection, developed by the researchers. The instrument has two parts, A and B, part A is for demographic information by the respondents, while part B contained items on teachers’ awareness and readiness towards the use of podcasts for teaching and learning. The data obtained was analyzed. Results of the study showed that economics teachers are not aware of the use of podcasts for teaching and learning. It also revealed that economics teachers are ready to use podcasting in their teaching and learning. Economics teachers have no knowledge and skills regarding the use of Podcasting. The study recommends that economics teachers be mobilized and educated/trained on the use of podcasting for teaching and learning in secondary schools to improve teaching and learning.

Observations on Laue diffraction within synchrotron radiation and neutron macromolecular crystallography research and developments.

A seminal contribution in the domain of physiologically relevant biological structure and function determination was by Keith Moffat, of Cornell and latterly of the University of Chicago proposing that synchrotrons should offer the option of a Laue method data collection mode. I enthusiastically joined in supporting this initiative. This proposal needed detailed methods development though; theoretical, experimental and software development. This work was added to the broad research and development program of synchrotron radiation at the UK's SRS. This whole program led to knowledge transfer from the UK's SRS to the ESRF as well as for neutron Laue protein crystallography to the reactor spallation sources and later to spallation neutron sources.

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the relationship between organizational justice and the commitment of public elementary school teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 respondents who are public elementary school teachers of North and South Districts, Baganga, Davao Oriental. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique using the face-to-face and online survey modes of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools Mean, Pearson r, and Medgraph using Sobel z-test. From the results of the study, it was found out that there are very high levels of mean scores for organizational justice, organizational commitment, and citizenship behavior of teachers. Also, results revealed that there is a significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior, a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment and a significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was partial mediation on the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the relationship between organizational justice and the commitment of public elementary school teachers.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0024/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Comparison between Swedish EORTC QLQ-C30 general population norm data published in 2000 and 2019

Background Normative health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data from the general population are regularly used to facilitate the interpretation of HRQoL as reported by cancer patients participating in cancer clinical trials, especially when conducting long-term follow-up studies after treatment. The aim of the present study is to compare two Swedish normative data sets, published in 2000 and 2019 respectively, and explore whether HRQoL as reported by the Swedish general population has changed over time. Material and Methods ‘Sample 2000’ was comprised of normative data from the Swedish general population who responded to the EORTC QLQ-C30 in a Swedish mail survey in 1999 (n = 3069). ‘Sample 2019’ consisted of data from the Swedish general population collected as part of a European norm data study using online panels, published in 2019 (n = 1027). Data were analyzed stratified by sex and age (40–49; 50–59; 60–69; 70–79 years). Results For most of the subscales and single items, no age group differences between the two samples were found, with the exception of the oldest age group (70–79 years), where Sample 2019 generally showed better HRQoL as compared to Sample 2000. Lower (worse) levels of Global quality of life and higher (worse) levels of Dyspnoea were found in Sample 2019 for most age groups. Conclusion There were no differences found between the samples for most EORTC QLQ-C30 subscales and single items, with the exception of the oldest age group of both sexes in Sample 2019 who reported better HRQoL on many variables. When deciding which normative dataset to use, the mode of data collection and age group have to be considered.

“If I don’t like it, I’ll just pop the phone down!”: Reflecting on participant and researcher experiences of telephone interviews conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about sudden, profound shifts in working practices, including in qualitative research, where telephone or virtual interviews became necessary alternatives to face-to-face interviews given COVID-19 distancing measures. In this reflection, we discuss our group’s transition to using telephone interviews to carry out an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study with 18 older adults living with age-related macular degeneration, a chronic, progressive eye disease causing central vision loss. Rather than focusing on the ‘pros and cons’ of the telephone modality compared to face-to-face interviews, we aim to provide a reflexive account of the telephone interview experience from both the researchers’ and participants’ perspectives within the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Integrating these perspectives, we suggest that telephone interviews can generate rich data while being an accessible, comfortable mode of data collection for many participants. Provided there is reflection on how the context shapes the interview encounter, we suggest that telephone interviews can play an important role as part of a more pluralistic approach to qualitative data collection.

A Novel Shipyard Production State Monitoring Method Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Images

Monitoring the shipyard production state is of great significance to shipbuilding industry development and coastal resource utilization. In this article, it is the first time that satellite remote sensing (RS) data is utilized to monitor the shipyard production state dynamically and efficiently, which can make up for the traditional production state data collection mode. According to the imaging characteristics of optical remote sensing images in shipyards with a different production state, the characteristics are analyzed to establish reliable production state evidence. Firstly, in order to obtain the characteristics of the production state of optical remote sensing data, the high-level semantic information in the shipyard is extracted by transfer learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Secondly, in the evidence fusion, for the conflict evidence from the core sites of the shipyard, an improved DS evidence fusion method is proposed, which constructs the correlation metric to measure the degree of conflict in evidence and designs the similarity metric to measure the credibility of evidence. Thirdly, the weight of all the evidence is calculated according to the similarity metric to correct the conflict evidence. The introduction of the iterative idea is motivated by the fact that the fusion result aligns more closely with the desired result, the iterative idea is introduced to correct the fusion result. This method can effectively solve the conflict of evidence and effectively improve the monitoring accuracy of the shipyard production state. In the experiments, the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Rim are selected to verify that the proposed method can accurately recognize the shipyard production state, which reveals the potential of satellite RS images in shipyard production state monitoring, and also provides a new research thought perspective for other industrial production state monitoring.

PRS-HDMC: An online participant recruitment scheme for vehicular crowdsensing-enabled HD map collection

The emergence of vehicular crowdsensing (VCS) brings new opportunities and possibilities for the collection of High-Definition (HD) maps. Unlike traditional mapping methods, VCS leverages ubiquitous vehicles and on-board cameras to collect data inexpensively and efficiently. Though promising, such a data collection mode still faces an unsolved problem of ensuring the availability and integrity of collected map data. To address this issue, this paper proposes PRS-HDMC, a participant recruitment scheme for VCS-enabled HD map collection. Specifically, we first analyze the unique requirements that distinguish HD map acquisition from other sensing tasks. On this basis, a metric participant contribution is proposed to describe the accuracy and content richness of the collected photo. Combining this metric with participant reliability and task coverage, we establish a novel quality of service (QoS) quantification system and develop the participant recruitment optimization model. Then, an improved greedy algorithm is proposed to recruit the appropriate vehicular set online according to their real-time locations, thereby maximizing the system QoS of each task round. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations based on a synthetic dataset under different settings. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can guarantee the availability and integrity of collected map data, and outperforms all benchmarks.

Comparing In-Person and Online Modalities for Photo Elicitation Interviews Among a Vulnerable Population: Recruitment, Retention, and Data Collection Applications

The purpose of the current study was to use Orsmond and Cohn’s feasibility framework to compare two methods of collecting photo elicitation interviews: (1) in-person and (2) online among low-income community college students. We described the feasibility of the recruitment and retention procedures and compared the participants’ characteristics and the type of data obtained by data collection modality. Focus group participants ( n = 34) were invited to participate in photo elicitation interviews regarding barriers to food access and associated material hardships. Prior to the pandemic, photo elicitation interviews were conducted in-person. Due to pandemic-related stay-at-home policies, photo elicitation interviews shifted to a video conferencing platform. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to compare the two data collection methods in terms of sample characteristics, the average length of each interview, and the number and type of photos submitted. Of 34 recruited participants, 28 participated in photo elicitation interviews (82.4% response rate; n = 13 in-person; n = 15 online) with a mean age of 39.75 years (range: 19–62). No significant differences were found in socio-demographic characteristics between interview modality groups. In both online and in-person photo elicitation groups, participants were more likely to be female, non-Hispanic Black, single, and unemployed. Overall, both modalities were found to be feasible to recruit and retain participants and collect data from low-income, community college students. We found similar data in terms of photographs, and similar codes and themes were generated from the interview data across both modalities. Using both modalities provided an opportunity to promote equity in research through inclusion of hard-to-reach populations who may experience barriers to participation such as transportation or childcare. This study can inform recruitment and retention efforts for quantitative and qualitative research, and data collection efforts for photo elicitation interviews. The lessons learned are critical to generating rich data and advancing research conducted among vulnerable populations.

Which Scale Direction is More Difficult for Respondents to Use? An Eye-tracking Study

Scale direction is found to affect response distributions by yielding more selections of scale points closer to the beginning of the scale. Although this phenomenon has been empirically demonstrated in different modes of data collection for respondents with different demographic characteristics, it is not clear which scale direction is cognitively difficult for respondents to use. Eye-tracking is used to address this research question because it provides a direct window into how respondents process survey questions. I compared dilation and fixation measures across scale direction and found that the satisfaction scale and the frequency scale running from “Never” to “Very Often” had more and longer fixations. In addition, the dissatisfaction options incurred larger dilations, more peak dilations, and more and longer fixations than the other parts of the scale. Findings of this paper shed light on how respondents process response scales and have practical implications for questionnaire design. Furthermore, findings of this paper demonstrate the utility and potential of using eye-tracking in general and dilation measures in particular to understand cognitive burden of answering survey questions.

Qualitative Data Collection Post-COVID-19: An Overview of the Conduction of Virtual Focus Groups and Interviews

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic required a virtual shift in qualitative data collection within research studies. The Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking, a non-profit organization seeking to end human trafficking in Colorado, is one such institution that utilized online research modalities for the latest iteration of their longitudinal research study, the Colorado Project. Specifically, the 2023 iteration of the Colorado Project conducted focus groups and individual interviews via Zoom to explore how elements of trust, equity, and effectiveness function within the Colorado anti-human trafficking movement. The goal of this manuscript is to detail the process of implementing virtual focus groups and individual interviews in a large-scale, multidisciplinary research study. Our hope is that researchers can utilize our process of switching to a virtual, qualitative data collection modality to inform the creation of future virtual research studies.

Minimization of Aerial Cost and Mission Completion Time in Multi-UAV-Enabled IoT Networks

The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in IoT networks, especially data collection, has received extensive attention. Due to the urgency of the mission and limitation of the network cost, the mission completion time and number of UAVs are research hotspots. Most studies mainly focus on the trajectory optimization of the UAV to shorten the mission completion time. However, under different data collection modes, flying mode (FM) and hovering mode (HM), the collection time will also greatly affect the mission completion time. This paper studies the data collection from ground IoT devices (GIDs) in Multi-UAV enabled IoT networks. The problem of data collection is formulated to minimize the aerial cost and maximum mission completion time of UAVs by optimizing mission allocation, UAV trajectory, and UAVs’ flying speeds. In view of the complexity and non-convexity of the formulated problem, we propose a heuristic-based approximation algorithm to optimize the mission allocation of UAVs. Then, we specifically optimize the trajectory of the UAV for GIDs to minimize the flight time and collection time. Since the UAV’s flying speed affects the mission completion time, the successive convex approximation (SCA) technique is adopted to optimize it. Simulation results show that our scheme achieves the performance of near-optimal solution.