Guidelines For Data Collection Research Articles

Guidelines for data collection on energy performance of higher-education buildings in Egypt: a case study

ABSTRACT Reliable energy analysis of buildings relies heavily on high-quality data leading to proper indicators. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of data quality in analyzing energy usage in residential and non-residential buildings in order to transform declarations to actions, optimise energy efficiency policies and monitor progress and failures in countries. Collected data must adhere to national and international standards for energy performance in buildings. This study aims to provide practical guidelines for effectively collecting and preparing data suitable for evaluating energy performance in Egyptian higher-education (HE) buildings. The guidelines are developed based on a comprehensive case study, considering data availability in typical educational facilities. Architectural and civil engineering drawings, construction specifications, and occupancy details are accessible. However, actual monthly electrical and natural gas consumption data for individual buildings are lacking. To address this, the study proposes the creation of detailed datasheets for each building, encompassing all energy sources and their electrical and power specifications, such as equipment, machinery, and HVAC systems. These datasheets were utilized to calculate energy consumption and energy usage indicators (EUI). The findings demonstrate that the datasheets enable adequate assessment of energy usage in various spaces within educational buildings, including staff rooms, lecture halls, and laboratories. This facilitates the identification of areas in need of targeted energy efficiency improvements. Notably, the study reveals that electricity consumption in the Faculty of Engineering building is significantly influenced by PCs, laboratories, lighting, and air conditioning.

Assessing urogenital schistosomiasis and female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) among adolescents in Anaocha, Anambra State, Nigeria: implications for ongoing control efforts

BackgroundUrogenital schistosomiasis (UgS) remains a persistent health challenge among adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria, despite ongoing control efforts. Mass praziquantel treatment programs, initiated in 2013, primarily target primary school-aged children (5–14 years old), leaving adolescents (10–19 years old) enrolled in secondary schools vulnerable to urogenital schistosomiaisis. Additionally, the extent of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a neglected gynaecological manifestation of UgS remains unclear.MethodologyTo address these gaps, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Anaocha Local Government Area from February to May 2023. Four hundred and seventy consenting adolescents aged 10–19 years were enrolled. Urinalysis including urine filtration was employed to confirm haematuria and detect urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) among the participants. For females with heavy infections (≥ 50 eggs/10 ml urine), a gynaecologist performed colposcopy examinations, complemented by acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine staining to assess for female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) lesions or other related reproductive health conditions. Socio-demographic data, including information on potential risk factors, were systematically collected using the Kobo ToolBox software, following gender-sensitive data collection guidelines. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25, incorporating descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, odds ratios, and significance testing.ResultsAmong the 470 adolescents (52.8% females, 47.2% males) examined, an overall UgS prevalence of 14.5% was observed, with an average of 5.25 eggs per 10 ml of urine. Females had a slightly higher prevalence (16.1%), and 7.5% had heavy infections. Although gender differences in infection rates were not statistically significant, males had slightly higher odds of infection (OR: 1.332; 95% CI: 0.791–2.244; p-value: 0.280). Adolescents aged 10–14 had the highest prevalence, with significantly increased odds of infection (OR: 1.720; 95% CI: 1.012–2.923; p-value: 0.045). Colposcopy examinations of females with heavy infections revealed FGS lesions and co-infections with Trichomonas vaginalis. Haematuria, though prevalent (24.6%), was not the sole indicator, as those without it faced significantly higher odds of infection (OR: 2.924; 95% CI: 1.731–4.941; p-value: 0.000). Dysuria and genital itching/burning sensation were other UgS and FGS associated symptoms. Direct water contact was associated with higher infection odds (OR: 2.601; 95% CI: 1.007–6.716; p-value: 0.048). Various risk factors were associated with UgS.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for a comprehensive Urogenital Schistosomiasis (UGS) control strategy that includes secondary school adolescents, emphasizes risk factor management, promotes safe water practices, and raises awareness about UGS and Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) among adolescents, thus improving control efforts and mitigating this health challenge in the region.

Analisis Tindak Tutur Asertif Guru dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to describe the assertive speech acts of teachers in Indonesian language learning. This research design is qualitative research with a descriptive design. The research data used in the form of teacher's speech acts in the form of assertive speech acts in Indonesian language learning at SMPN Neg. 2 Pangkajene. The research data is used in the form of human instruments, namely the researchers themselves, with the tools of data collection guidelines. Data analysis in this study includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. Based on the results of the study, the findings were obtained in the form and function of assertive speech acts of teachers in Indonesian language learning at SMP Negeri 2 Pangkajene. There are six, namely: function of stating, function of proposing, function of boasting, function of complaining, function of reporting, function of agreeing, and function of protesting.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Roadway Construction: Case Study for the Washington State Department of Transportation

Recent emphasis on actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has pushed many state departments of transportation (DOTs) to develop carbon accounting practices compatible with their current standard data collection and storage guidelines. Once accurate and reliable accounting of GHG emissions is established, strategies can be formed that could help mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of materials used by state DOTs. To date, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has not conducted comprehensive research on the embodied carbon within its construction material usage (i.e., upstream Scope 3 emissions inventory of procured materials) with most previous carbon accounting practices being focused on Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions (i.e., the carbon footprint of direct and indirect energy usage). This paper summarizes the results of a life cycle assessment on the agency-wide material procurements and construction operations that emit GHGs at WSDOT as a case study. This study uses several data sources from WSDOT in conjunction with publicly available life cycle emissions factor data to estimate GHG emissions attributed to the materials used to build and maintain roadways under WSDOT’s jurisdiction. Results indicate that upstream Scope 3 emissions for WSDOT as an agency is a significant contributor to its overall GHG emissions inventory. Specifically, between 2017 and 2022, this paper estimates an average annual upstream Scope 3 emissions of 310,000 metric tons of CO2 equivalents, which translates to 56% of the total annual GHG emissions including Scope 1 and 2 emissions.

Peran igf-1 dan let-7 dalam morfogenesis gigi ditinjau dari sel punca mesenkimal pulpa gigi

Tooth development is a complex process involving the interaction between dental epithelium and mesenchymal tissues. IGF-1 plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Its significance is particularly notable during the proliferation and differentiation stages of root development, as well as in the stem cells derived from the apical papilla responsible for root pulp and dentin formation. IGF-1 exhibits osteoconductive potential in bone healing by modulating osteoclasts in bone resorption and osteoblasts in bone formation. Stem cells from dental pulp or apical papilla represent a mesenchymal stem cell or progenitor population that forms calcium nodules in osteo/odontogenic media. This study aims to elucidate the roles of IGF-1 and Let-7 in tooth morphogenesis, utilizing the PRISMA guidelines for data collection. A total of 12 literature sources were identified, with 3 articles published in the last 5 years. Only 5 articles were selected for inclusion in this study. Further exploration of IGF-1/IGF-1R/hsa-let-7c modulation in odonto/osteogenic differentiation holds promise for future tooth regeneration. IGF-1 enhances the size of tooth bud cultures, suggesting potential applications in genetic engineering for tooth morphogenesis. IGF-1 plays a crucial role in odontogenic proliferation and differentiation.

A Formalization of Multilabel Classification in Terms of Lattice Theory and Information Theory: Concerning Datasets

Multilabel classification is a recently conceptualized task in machine learning. Contrary to most of the research that has so far focused on classification machinery, we take a data-centric approach and provide an integrative framework that blends qualitative and quantitative descriptions of multilabel data sources. By combining lattice theory, in the form of formal concept analysis, and entropy triangles, obtained from information theory, we explain from first principles the fundamental issues of multilabel datasets such as the dependencies of the labels, their imbalances, or the effects of the presence of hapaxes. This allows us to provide guidelines for resampling and new data collection and their relationship with broad modelling approaches. We have empirically validated our framework using 56 open datasets, challenging previous characterizations that prove that our formalization brings useful insights into the task of multilabel classification. Further work will consider the extension of this formalization to understand the relationship between the data sources, the classification methods, and ways to assess their performance.

Inclusion of People With Disabilities in Community Health Needs Assessments in Florida, United States.

Community health needs assessments (CHNAs) play a crucial role in identifying health needs of communities. Yet, unique health needs of people with disabilities (PWDs) are often underrecognized in public health practice. In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) required the implementation of standardized data collection guidelines, including disability status, among federal agencies. The extent to which guidance from ACA and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has impacted disability inclusion in CHNAs is unknown. This study used a content analysis approach to review CHNAs conducted by local health councils and the top 11 nonprofit hospitals in Florida (n = 77). We coded CHNAs based on mentioning disability in CHNA reports, involving disability-related stakeholders, and incorporating data on disability indicators. Findings indicate that PWDs are widely not included in CHNAs in Florida, emphasizing the need for equitable representation and comprehensive understanding of PWDs in community health planning.

Workshop Synthesis: Smartphones in travel surveys

Workshop “Smartphones in travel surveys” sought to provide a research agenda for three research themes critical to the use of smartphones in travel surveys in the future: i) survey design, ii) practical and technical implementation and iii) information inference and techniques. Four concrete needs were identified to help ensure the most promising role for smartphone travel surveys in the future: reporting standards and guidelines for data collection; a checklist or manual to help surveyor conduct smartphone travel surveys; centralizing information on existing apps, information inference libraries and available training datasets; and finally, community development of open-source solutions and/or back-end transparency of proprietary data collection and analysis solutions.

Criteria for Implementation of Circular Economy: Experiences from China and Implications for Vietnam

The global trend towards the development of a circular economy (CE) is of great significance, including for Vietnam. In recent years, Vietnam has made efforts to establish and improve its legal and policy framework related to CE. This research study aims to examine the evaluation criteria used for assessing CE development in China, a country that has achieved remarkable progress in this area. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights and serve as a crucial reference for Vietnam as it strives to formulate an evaluation criteria set for the effective implementation of the CE policies in the future. Building upon the experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of evaluation and monitoring criteria in China, this study also offers several recommendations for Vietnam's forthcoming implementation efforts. These recommendations encompass the development of comprehensive guidelines for data collection and computation of the evaluation index set, along with the establishment of transparent monitoring and auditing mechanisms for locally sourced data. Furthermore, fostering collaboration among relevant government agencies in data collection and consolidation is crucial. Specific communication strategies and reporting mechanisms tailored to local contexts should be devised, and nationally standardized reference values for evaluation criteria need to be established. Additionally, there is a need to design an evaluation criteria set specifically for the implementation of circular economy practices at the industrial park and enterprise levels in Vietnam.
 Keywords: Evaluation criteria, circular economy, China.

The Quantification of Carbon Footprints in the Agri-Food Sector and Future Trends for Carbon Sequestration: A Systematic Literature Review

The growing need for mitigation of GHG emissions generated by the agri-food sector and the production of sufficient, quality food for the growing population, play a prominent role in the planning of global policies and economies. The determination of damaging practices to be reviewed or avoided is achieved by quantifying their Carbon Footprint (CF). With respect to these needs, our research area is the available literature analysing the CF of agri-food products from a life cycle perspective. The reduced availability of studies using this approach results in the lack of a solid basis for the agri-food sector to make a change from in production processes. Quantifying CFs offers the opportunity to act at the most impactful stages of a product’s life cycle. In addition to producing products sustainably, it would allow operators in the sector to integrate additional sources of income, through, for instance, participation in the voluntary carbon market or simply by obtaining a premium price for environmental friendly products. The main objective of the study is therefore to understand how the literature deals with the quantification of food CFs, which methodologies it adopts and what insights it provides for future studies that can help policy makers and the sector in question. The review was conducted by applying the PRISMA methodology, which offers guidelines for proper data collection in a literature review. For this purpose, the search was conducted on the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The literature considered highlighted an important historical path in the world of international CF standards with the transition from the ISO/TS 14067 technical specification to the ISO 14067 international standard. However, the range of products analysed is small and no comparative studies on the results obtained by different standards were found. Again, the literature on the subject does not take into account consumer perceptions of low-carbon products nor the economic perspectives of operators. The information we have obtained from our study provides a solid basis for future research, which should focus on increasing the number of agri-food products analysed and examining which parts of the production cycle need improvement. This also opens the door to future research scenarios concerning possible alternative sources of income for those who produce in a carbon-neutral manner and the benefits for consumers willing to buy them.

Alcohol-Related Presentations to Emergency Departments on Days with Holidays, Social, and Sporting Events: An Integrative Literature Review.

Events, specifically those where excessive alcohol consumption is common, pose a risk to increase alcohol-related presentations to emergency departments (EDs). Limited evidence exists that synthesizes the impact from events on alcohol-related presentations to EDs. This integrative review aimed to synthesize the literature regarding the impact events have on alcohol-related presentations to EDs. An integrative literature review methodology was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines for data collection, and Whittemore and Knafl's framework for data analysis. Information sources used to identify studies were MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE, last searched May 26, 2021. In total, 23 articles describing 46 events met criteria for inclusion. There was a noted increase in alcohol-related presentations to EDs from 27 events, decrease from eight events, and no change from 25 events. Public holidays, music festivals, and sporting events resulted in the majority of increased alcohol-related presentations to EDs. Few articles focused on ED length-of-stay (LOS), treatment, and disposition. An increase in the consumption of alcohol from holiday, social, and sporting events pose the risk for an influx of presentations to EDs and as a result may negatively impact departmental flow. Further research examining health service outcomes is required that considers the impact of events from a local, national, and global perspective.

Observer agreement on the morphology of porous cranial lesions: Results from a workshop at the 2019 meeting of the Paleopathology Association

ObjectiveThis paper presents the results of a 2019 Paleopathology Association workshop that tested observer agreement on porous cranial lesion morphology and presence using multiple sets of existing guidelines for data collection. MaterialsSixteen conference attendees of varying osteological experience served as observers. Three crania were assigned to each of four published guidelines for identifying and categorizing lesion morphology, for a total of twelve well-preserved human crania from the National Museum of Natural History Biological Anthropology Collections. MethodsObservers assessed each cranium macroscopically according to its assigned set of guidelines. ResultsObserver concordance was higher using scoring guidelines with higher-quality photographs, such as the 2019 guidelines from Rinaldo and colleagues. ConclusionsData collection guidelines with high-quality color photos may support greater reliability of researcher-generated data on macroscopic skeletal features. SignificanceThe conclusions of any research study are only as reliable as the data on which they are based. This work highlights the need for ongoing practices of quality control in a field in which much data results from individual judgement calls. LimitationsObserver concordance is not a measure of observer accuracy. Sample size is insufficient to draw broadly generalizable conclusions on the reliability of data collected using the guidelines tested, and conference environments are not a facsimile of research settings. Suggestions for further researchIterative testing of methodological consistency using larger sample sizes and more non-pathological crania is advised to identify the factors that influence observer discordance and to improve guidelines for qualitative assessments.

Spinteract: a program to refine magnetic interactions to diffuse scattering data

Magnetic diffuse scattering—the broad magnetic scattering features observed in neutron-diffraction data above a material’s magnetic ordering temperature—provides a rich source of information about the material’s magnetic Hamiltonian. However, this information has often remained under-utilised due to a lack of available computer software that can fit values of magnetic interaction parameters to such data. Here, an open-source computer program, Spinteract, is presented, which enables straightforward refinement of magnetic interaction parameters to powder and single-crystal magnetic diffuse scattering data. The theory and implementation of this approach are summarised. Examples are presented of refinements to published experimental diffuse-scattering data sets for the canonical antiferromagnet MnO and the highly-frustrated classical spin liquid Gd3Ga5O12. Guidelines for data collection and refinement are outlined, and possible developments of the approach are discussed.

Ethical Implications of Chatbot Utilization in Nephrology.

This comprehensive critical review critically examines the ethical implications associated with integrating chatbots into nephrology, aiming to identify concerns, propose policies, and offer potential solutions. Acknowledging the transformative potential of chatbots in healthcare, responsible implementation guided by ethical considerations is of the utmost importance. The review underscores the significance of establishing robust guidelines for data collection, storage, and sharing to safeguard privacy and ensure data security. Future research should prioritize defining appropriate levels of data access, exploring anonymization techniques, and implementing encryption methods. Transparent data usage practices and obtaining informed consent are fundamental ethical considerations. Effective security measures, including encryption technologies and secure data transmission protocols, are indispensable for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of patient data. To address potential biases and discrimination, the review suggests regular algorithm reviews, diversity strategies, and ongoing monitoring. Enhancing the clarity of chatbot capabilities, developing user-friendly interfaces, and establishing explicit consent procedures are essential for informed consent. Striking a balance between automation and human intervention is vital to preserve the doctor-patient relationship. Cultural sensitivity and multilingual support should be considered through chatbot training. To ensure ethical chatbot utilization in nephrology, it is imperative to prioritize the development of comprehensive ethical frameworks encompassing data handling, security, bias mitigation, informed consent, and collaboration. Continuous research and innovation in this field are crucial for maximizing the potential of chatbot technology and ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Towards standardized guidelines in digital data acquisition for monitoring and maintenance of European transport infrastructures

AbstractThe digital transformation of the architecture, engineering, and construction sector is associated with an enormous production of data. The appearance of new technologies is leading the way for more sustainable and interconnected infrastructures. Therefore, data analytics is crucial to know the current state of infrastructure and will help towards the efficient management of assets. The main issue is how to collect and exploit meaningful data throughout the lifecycle of infrastructure assets to further allow human experts and computers to make accurate diagnostics, predictions, and decisions. This contribution presents the insights gained in the course of IM‐SAFE project, showing the strategy followed to create guidelines for data collection to monitor and maintain critical assets in the infrastructure network (bridges and tunnels). It tackled a variety of surveying technologies, from destructive and non‐destructive, to chemical methods, among others. The results obtained will support the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in the standards for monitoring and maintenance of bridges and tunnels, accelerating the adoption of new standards by public authorities and stakeholders in transport infrastructure.

Metode Pembelajaran Klasikal Ilmu Sharf Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Arab FITK UNSIQ Jawa Tengah

The purpose of this study is to describe Shorof learning using classical methods that are usually used in Islamic boarding schools. This research was carried out at the PBA FITK Unsiq Wonosobo study program. This research uses a type of field research with a qualitative approach. Data collection by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. The research instrument is the researcher himself who makes guidelines for data collection. Data analysis using triangulation. The results of the study produced findings related to supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of classical methods in learning Shorof science

The Potential of Tugu Juang Rantauprapat as a Historical Tourism Object in Labuhanbatu District

This study aims to determine the potential of the Juang Rantauprapat Monument as a Historical Tourism Object in Labuhanbatu Regency. In this study, the research method used by the author is a qualitative research method and interviews. Qualitative research seeks to understand situations in natural settings; the authors try not to manipulate the observed phenomena. The author uses data collection guidelines, namely interviews. The data collection method uses "snowball sampling" because, in this method, the number of informants is not predetermined, apart from the key informants, namely Labuhanbatu senior journalists and residents who live around the location. The results of this study found that Tugu Perjuangan 45 has the potential as a historical tourist spot, a unique place, rich in nature, easy to access, and processed by human hands as well as the historical value of the struggle of the Labuhanbatu people. Civil Government, under the leadership of M Djamaluddin Tambunan. Various factors of historical heritage influence the attractiveness of historical tourism, so it is necessary to identify all the elements to be studied. Local governments and communities around historical tourism areas are like links in a chain that support each other in developing and maintaining tourist attractions. In an era where all social media live every time.Keywords: Potential, Monument of Fighting, Historical Tourism Objects

Anosmia: Brighton Collaboration case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

This is a Brighton Collaboration case definition of anosmia to be used in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization, and for epidemiologic studies for the assessment of background incidence or hypothesis testing. The case definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by two expert reviewers prior to submission.

Infant oral mutilation: data collection, clinical management and public health guidelines.

Infant oral mutilation (IOM) is a traditional practice involving extraction of an infant's unerupted primary tooth buds. IOM has implications for oral and overall health due to blood loss, infection or transmission of bloodborne diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus. IOM also leads to long-term dental complications, such as malformation of the child's permanent dentition. IOM is practised primarily in East Africa but can also be seen among immigrant populations in other countries. Currently, there are no tools for a comparative IOM diagnosis and reporting. The aim of this paper is to describe a data collection tool for healthcare practitioners, which was created based on the existing literature and a clinical consultation with senior clinical and public health physicians working in the field.The tool can be used to record IOM-related data for appropriate diagnosis, management and treatment, as well as for monitoring preventive interventions on a community level. Furthermore, this article also summarises clinical guidelines to support practitioners with the management of acute IOM cases. The article concludes by providing recommendations and examples of community education and engagement programmes that could guide the development of interventions to eradicate IOM globally.

Assessing data bias in visual surveys from a cetacean monitoring programme

Long-term monitoring datasets are fundamental to understand physical and ecological responses to environmental changes, supporting management and conservation. The data should be reliable, with the sources of bias identified and quantified. CETUS Project is a cetacean monitoring programme in the Eastern North Atlantic, based on visual methods of data collection. This study aims to assess data quality and bias in the CETUS dataset, by 1) applying validation methods, through photographic confirmation of species identification; 2) creating data quality criteria to evaluate the observer’s experience; and 3) assessing bias to the number of sightings collected and to the success in species identification. Through photographic validation, the species identification of 10 sightings was corrected and a new species was added to the CETUS dataset. The number of sightings collected was biased by external factors, mostly by sampling effort but also by weather conditions. Ultimately, results highlight the importance of identifying and quantifying data bias, while also yielding guidelines for data collection and processing, relevant for species monitoring programmes based on visual methods.