Data Collection Approach Research Articles

A Joint Approach for Energy Replenishment and Data Collection with Two Distinct Types of Mobile Chargers in WRSN

Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) address the energy scarcity problem in wireless sensor networks by introducing mobile chargers (MCs) to recharge energy-hungry sensor nodes. Scheduling MCs to charge the recharge nodes is the primary focus of the energy replenishment scheme in WRSNs. The performance of the energy replenishment scheme is significantly influenced by the energy level of each node, which is depends on the data collection scheme employed by the network. Consequently, integrating energy replenishment and data collection has become a new concern in WRSN research. However, the MCs’ workload and travel time increase when data collection and energy replenishment are performed simultaneously, leading to an increase in both the node’s charging delay and data collection delay. In this work, our goal is to reduce the delays in data collection and node charging by proposing a new joint energy replenishment and data collection approach. In the proposed approach, certain nodes in the network are selected as data storage nodes to temporarily store all the collected data based on their geographical locations. A special class of MCs, called MCDs (mobile charger and data collectors), is then assigned the responsibility of charging these data storage nodes and collecting the data stored. Afterwards, the task of recharging the remaining network nodes falls to another type of MC. By combining the capabilities of two distinct MC types, the workload and the travel distance of MCs are reduced. When compared to the conventional joint algorithms, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully decreases the delay it takes to gather data and recharge nodes.

How to Approach Qualitative Observational Research in Workplace Learning.

Learning in clinical settings occurs through engagement in everyday activities and interactions. Yet, clinical settings are complex, dynamic environments and data collection methods such as interviews and focus groups, although valuable, alone may not capture the complexities of these settings. Qualitative observational research offers an approach to understanding these complexities and enhancing learning in clinical settings. The aim of this paper is to support readers in undertaking qualitative observational research in workplace learning. We provide an overview of qualitative observational research, emphasising its relevance to investigating workplace learning. We delineate four key components to consider: the phenomenon of interest, roles of researchers and participants, ethical considerations and data collection approaches. An illustrative example from health professions education research is presented to demonstrate the application and outcomes of observational research. Qualitative observational research allows for a nuanced understanding of real-world clinical activities and interactions, capturing elements of learning that are often missed by other methods. It offers a rich evidentiary base for both clinicians and researchers to appraise and improve practice. The example study illustrates how observational research can identify systemic issues affecting both learning and clinical practice. Qualitative observational research offers an important approach to understanding the complexities of clinical practice and workplace learning. We have shared some key considerations for the design and conduct of qualitative observational research in workplace learning.

Pengaruh Inovasi Produk, Brand Image, dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada GTT Pusat Oleh-Oleh Kediri

The purpose of this study was to determine how the perceptions of customers of the GTT Kediri Oleh-Oleh Center on product innovation, brand image, and service quality on purchasing decisions. A quantitative research strategy was used in this study. A combination of non-probability sampling methods, including accidental sampling and snowball sampling, and Lemeshow's formula were used to conduct the sampling. Using questionnaires as the data collection approach, this study surveyed 96 respondents. Multiple linear regression tests were used as part of the data analysis approach in the statistical tool IBM SPSS Statistics 25 for Windows. Among the factors that influence consumers' final decision to purchase, this study found that product innovation, brand image, and service quality are all important and work together to influence consumer choice.

Assessing Maturity in Research Data Management: A Study of Academic Librarians in Zimbabwe

While numerous studies have looked into the nexus between research data management (RDM) and academic libraries, there has been less emphasis on assessing the maturity levels of the RDM services provided. This article reports on a study that investigated the maturity of RDM services in academic libraries in Zimbabwe using the RDM Maturity Model focusing on academic librarians associated with the Zimbabwe Library Association (ZIMLA). The research employed a survey approach, utilizing both questionnaires and interviews for data collection. A total of 91 responses were gathered from academic librarians in university, college and polytechnic libraries. Most universities are compliant with RDM standards however, compliance levels differ, with only one institution having a formal policy and many others intending to create one. Libraries mainly interact with RDM through advisory services and lack the robust technological infrastructure necessary to support research activities. RDM services are integrated into traditional library functions. Challenges identified include insufficient management support and funding. Services in university libraries are largely limited to literacy training, data reuse awareness, and data citation guidance, placing them at "level 1" of the RDM maturity model. Many college and polytechnic libraries do not provide services, resulting in a "level zero" status due to the absence of services, audits, and policies. The study concluded that RDM maturity in Zimbabwe is at “level 1”, indicating basic compliance, and highlighted an urgent need for comprehensive capacity building, policy development, and enhanced institutional support.

Comparative assessment of costs of household trips to healthcare facilities in contiguous riverine regions in Rivers State, Nigeria

Physical access to neighbourhood facilities for utilization depends on distance, time and cost factors in relation to location characteristics. In this study the costs of accessing healthcare facilities in island riverine contiguous regions of Rivers State, Nigeria were considered. The study employed the survey research design following quantitative approach for data collection and analyses. Furthermore, the multistage sampling technique employed and 30% (66) communities of total communities of 223 in the study area was purposively determined. Also sample size of (56,131) households was obtained from total population of 305, 289 of the study area as provided by 1991 National Population Census data by application of Krejcie and Morgan Model (1970) principle and 5 persons average household considered. Finally, the random sampling technique was used in selection of communities for administration of questionnaires in the study area. A total of 382 respondents (household heads) were interviewed including key informants (government agencies and professionals). Other survey tools used were photographs, observations, Stock-watch and Geographic Positioning System (GPS) Speedometer. 328 questionnaires were retrieved from the field and considered valid for analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hypotheses were tested by the application of the multi regression model. It was found in traveling for healthcare, an aggregate of 21.4% of household members in the region monthly made trips in communities with and without PHC facilities with multi-modal transport systems at varied costs.

Exploring family dynamics in living funerals: Rituals to relationships

AbstractThis study aims to analyse how internal family relationships and dynamics are manifested during funeral ceremonies in Chinese society. As an emerging farewell practice, living funerals in Chinese societies depart from traditional death rituals, challenging established funeral paradigms and providing a platform to scrutinise the inner family dynamic and experiences. The study utilises a multidimensional data collection approach, including interviews with the living funeral holders and attending family members, detailed field notes during the living funeral and whole video recordings of the event. Employing narrative analysis, it delves into the family's life experiences as narrated during the funeral, providing insight into the emotional and relational shifts that occur. The findings suggest that while living funerals allow for exploring family roles and emotional landscapes, they also highlight the complex interplay of cultural practices and familial relationships. The study contributes to understanding how traditional taboos around death may be navigated through contemporary practices. Findings underscore the profound exploration of living funerals on family dynamics within Chinese culture. The practice provides a vital lens for examining the interconnectedness and emotional underpinnings of family relationships. Participation engages families in a process of navigating collective and individual histories, aiding reconciliation and affirming familial identities. Research highlights how living funerals powerfully express love, regrets and unspoken words, fostering deeper understanding and continuing bonds before death. Living funerals represent a meaningful contemporary practice, challenging traditional death taboos and offering therapeutic benefits for family therapy and end‐of‐life care. The paper contributes to the literature by addressing a crucial gap regarding living funerals within Chinese culture and expanding family perspectives on death. By examining how these ceremonies influence familial interactions, the study offers new insights into emotional and cultural dynamics, enhancing understanding of the practice and broader death‐related family issues.

Evaluating Students’ Self Efficacy Perception on Integrating CAT Tools in Educational Programs

Technology is an important factor in translation studies. The application of technology is enduring in the field of translation. Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools are an important part of the translation practice. The current study aims to underpin translation students' understanding of CAT Tools incorporation. The study employed a quantitative approach for data collection. The data analysis revealed that while most participants had awareness of technology usage, only a small minority showed competence in CAT techniques for converting printed texts into electronic formatting.

Comparative Analysis of the Incidence, Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer between China and the United States

In the context of globalization and an aging population, prostate cancer has emerged as a significant threat to male health, with its incidence and mortality rates on the rise worldwide. Particularly in comparison between China and the United States, two representative countries, there are notable differences in the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer due to variations in medical resource allocation, diagnostic techniques, lifestyles, and cultural perceptions. This article aims to compare and analyze the current status of prostate cancer in China and the U.S., explore the key factors influencing these differences, and provide references for the development of prostate cancer prevention and control strategies in China. We employ multi-dimensional data collection and analysis approaches including literature review, case-control studies, and statistical analysis. We focus on the epidemiological data, clinical practice guidelines, patient quality of life, and medical economic burden to comprehensively dissect the differences and their causes in prostate cancer management between China and the U.S. Our findings highlight the disparities between the two countries in the aspects of early screening, treatment preference, and long-term follow-up mechanisms, aiming to uncover the underlying reasons behind these differences and propose corresponding improvement suggestions. Conclusions drawn from our analyses indicate that the U.S. is relatively advanced in early diagnosis and personalized treatment of prostate cancer, benefiting from a more comprehensive healthcare system and advanced medical technologies. Although China has made a significant progress in recent years, it still faces many challenges due to the uneven distribution of medical resources, and there is space for improvement in public health awareness. The significance of our analysis lies in providing empirical evidence for formulating more scientifically sound and reasonable strategies for the prevention and control of prostate cancer in China, which will help promote further development and improvement in this field.

Interchangeability of Cross-Platform Orthophotographic and LiDAR Data in DeepLabV3+-Based Land Cover Classification Method

Riverine environmental information includes important data to collect, and the data collection still requires personnel’s field surveys. These on-site tasks still face significant limitations (i.e., hard or danger to entry). In recent years, as one of the efficient approaches for data collection, air-vehicle-based Light Detection and Ranging technologies have already been applied in global environmental research, i.e., land cover classification (LCC) or environmental monitoring. For this study, the authors specifically focused on seven types of LCC (i.e., bamboo, tree, grass, bare ground, water, road, and clutter) that can be parameterized for flood simulation. A validated airborne LiDAR bathymetry system (ALB) and a UAV-borne green LiDAR System (GLS) were applied in this study for cross-platform analysis of LCC. Furthermore, LiDAR data were visualized using high-contrast color scales to improve the accuracy of land cover classification methods through image fusion techniques. If high-resolution aerial imagery is available, then it must be downscaled to match the resolution of low-resolution point clouds. Cross-platform data interchangeability was assessed by comparing the interchangeability, which measures the absolute difference in overall accuracy (OA) or macro-F1 by comparing the cross-platform interchangeability. It is noteworthy that relying solely on aerial photographs is inadequate for achieving precise labeling, particularly under limited sunlight conditions that can lead to misclassification. In such cases, LiDAR plays a crucial role in facilitating target recognition. All the approaches (i.e., low-resolution digital imagery, LiDAR-derived imagery and image fusion) present results of over 0.65 OA and of around 0.6 macro-F1. The authors found that the vegetation (bamboo, tree, grass) and road species have comparatively better performance compared with clutter and bare ground species. Given the stated conditions, differences in the species derived from different years (ALB from year 2017 and GLS from year 2020) are the main reason. Because the identification of clutter species includes all the items except for the relative species in this research, RGB-based features of the clutter species cannot be substituted easily because of the 3-year gap compared with other species. Derived from on-site reconstruction, the bare ground species also has a further color change between ALB and GLS that leads to decreased interchangeability. In the case of individual species, without considering seasons and platforms, image fusion can classify bamboo and trees with higher F1 scores compared to low-resolution digital imagery and LiDAR-derived imagery, which has especially proved the cross-platform interchangeability in the high vegetation types. In recent years, high-resolution photography (UAV), high-precision LiDAR measurement (ALB, GLS), and satellite imagery have been used. LiDAR measurement equipment is expensive, and measurement opportunities are limited. Based on this, it would be desirable if ALB and GLS could be continuously classified by Artificial Intelligence, and in this study, the authors investigated such data interchangeability. A unique and crucial aspect of this study is exploring the interchangeability of land cover classification models across different LiDAR platforms.

Dynamic-Based Cluster Routing Algorithm for Data Transmission in WSN

Wireless Sensor Network has been used for collection of information from the non-approachable areas.WSN use sensor nodes for sensing the information from the environment. Sensor nodes have been powered using energy source that is battery connection. Battery source of WSN nodes can’t be charged from any external device so that energy efficient utilization of the nodes for sensing and transmitting information is the major concern. Various approaches had been introduced in the past researches that provide better energy efficient protocol for enhancement of network lifetime and data transmission. In this paper various approaches have been implemented for WSN. Clustering based approaches have been utilized and assumed to be efficient approaches for data collection and data transmission over the network. In this paper we have reviewed DEEC, LEACH, EIP-LEACH and comparison has been done with proposed approach based on various parameter i.e Network lifetime. Experimental results of above defined approaches have been demonstrated.

Enhancing Job Satisfaction Among Lawyers in the Maldives Through Work-Life Balance: a Contribution to SDG 8

Objective: The study investigates the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction of public-sector lawyers. This study aligns with The UNITED NATION’s (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 8 (DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH) by focusing on the critical factors of work-life balance and job satisfaction, which directly influence mental health and overall well-being in the workplace. Theoretical Framework: This paper provides a brief overview and significance of work-life balance, and job satisfaction, particularly in the context of organizational research, with a focus on lawyers in the public sector in the Maldives. The two factor theory, and work-life balance model related to work-life balance and job satisfaction provides a foundation to understand the interplay roles between the variables. Method: The study utilized a quantitative plan with a cross-sectional data collection approach. Data was collected from 218 lawyers from public sector in the Maldives utilizing a survey questionnaire. Results and Discussion: The findings from this study showed a significant relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction. The result highlights the important role of work-life balance in enhancing job satisfaction, underlining the importance for decent work and economic growth. Research Implications: The research emphasizes the importance of creating decent and supportive work environments for lawyers in the Maldives’ public sector, which can help improve work-life balance, and improve job satisfaction of lawyers. The findings provide important implications for organizations in further developing the policies of the organizations where lawyers work. These efforts offer practical implications to achieve SDG 8 by adopting strategies that support workplace culture and well-being of lawyers in the Maldives. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by focusing on public-sector lawyers in the Maldives, an unexplored area about lawyers, examining job satisfaction as a dependent variable and work-life balance as independent variable. The research underlines the importance of aligning organizational strategies with global goals such as SDG 8 to promote sustained, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

Evaluation of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in epileptic patients in Palembang, Indonesia: a hospital-based and case-control study

<p style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: 400;"><strong>Aim</strong> To examine the association between metabolic syndrome and risk factors in epileptic patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital in Palembang, Indonesia.<br /><strong>Methods</strong> A hospital-based comparative case control research was conducted from July to September 2023. A total of 102 patients in the epilepsy group and 102 in the control group participated in this study. We conducted the data collection approach in three stages: a questionnaire, anthropometric measures and biochemical analysis. <br /><strong>Results</strong> Epilepsy patients were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than the controls. The epilepsy group exhibited higher triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) values than the control group. The epilepsy group exhibited sedentary behaviour, while the control group had moderate to intense physical activity (p<0.05). Epilepsy patients who take polytherapy, or several antiepileptic drugs, were 8.43 times more likely to develop metabolic syndrome (OR=8.43; 95%CI=1.45-32.12). Epilepsy patients with body mass index (BMI) >25 had 1.57 times the risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.57; 95%CI=1.16-2.34). Epilepsy patients with total cholesterol levels >200 mg/dL have a 5.81-fold higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=5.81; 95%CI=1.23-23.32). <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong> Our study found that more than a quarter of epilepsy patients have metabolic syndrome. The main risk factors for metabolic syndrome in epilepsy patients were a sedentary lifestyle, several antiepileptic medications, overweight, and increased total cholesterol levels.</p>

Perancangan Game Interaktif Android Belajar Huruf Hijaiyah Al-Dhaki Berbasis Apk Dengan Adobe CC Animate 2018

The introduction of hijaiyah letters in early childhood is an important stage in building the basis for learning the Qur'an. This research aims to develop an interactive game called Al-Dhaki which is designed to help parents and early childhood education teachers in introducing hijaiyah letters to children in an interesting and effective way. This game is designed using quantitative research methods to analyze user needs, with a 5W+1H approach (What, Why, Who, When, Where, and How) in data collection and analysis. The results of the study show that game-based interactive learning media can increase children's interest in learning and simplify the process of recognizing hijaiyah letters. Al-Dhaki is developed in the form of an application file (APK) that can be installed on Android devices, making it easily accessible to users. The game is equipped with interactive features, such as sounds, animations, and simple quizzes, to increase children's engagement in learning. With the presence of Al-Dhaki, it is hoped that the process of recognizing hijaiyah letters will be more fun and effective, as well as providing practical solutions for parents and PAUD teachers in supporting the development of religious literacy in early childhood.

Examining the role of green marketing mix elements on green purchase behavior

PurposeThis study examines the impact of green promotions and green packaging on the green purchase behavior through the mediating role of environmental knowledge and green satisfaction in the context of fast-food chains.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows a quantitative approach for data collection. The data were collected from 400 consumers of fast food chains operating in Pakistan through questionnaires.FindingsThe results showed that green promotions and green packaging had a strong positive impact on consumers’ green satisfaction, environmental knowledge and green purchase behavior. Green satisfaction and environmental knowledge mediated the relationship between green promotions and green purchase behavior and green packaging and green purchase behavior.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind to determine the mediating roles of green satisfaction and environmental knowledge in the context of green marketing. The research offers significant theoretical and managerial insights.

PENGARUH PERSEPSI NILAI DAN ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP INTENSI MENONTON FILM LOKAL DI BIOSKOP MELALUI MEDIASI SIKAP

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of perceived value and electronic word of mouth on the intention to watch local films in cinemas, both directly and through attitude mediation. A survey-based data collection approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire administered to 437 respondents in the city of Banten, Tangerang. The data were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis and the PROCESS Mediation Test. The findings indicate a positive effect of perceived value, both directly and indirectly through attitude mediation, on the intention to watch local films in cinemas. Additionally, the study reveals that the effect of electronic word of mouth on the intention to watch local films in cinemas is fully mediated by attitude. This research offers managerial insights, suggesting that marketers and stakeholders within the Indonesian film industry should develop marketing strategies that enhance consumers' perceptions of value and foster positive attitudes toward the behavior of watching local films in cinemas.

Migrant churches and reverse mission: Missiological gaps and missionary trap

The migration of Zimbabweans in search of better opportunities has spurred the growth and spread of Zimbabwean Churches within diaspora communities. Currently, many Zimbabwean churches like other African Churches have crossed continental borders, setting up branches in Europe and North America. This phenomenon of African Churches engaging with diasporic communities has been described by scholars as a ‘Reverse Mission’. A critical question that emerges is: To what degree is the establishment of African churches in other nations and continent an indicative of a reverse mission? The case study focuses on two Zimbabwean churches that have established branches in South Africa and other countries both within and beyond the African continent. The selection of the two churches is based on their origins that trace back to South Africa, rendering them pertinent examples for discussion in the context of reverse mission. The research identified ‘missiological gaps’ leading to a ‘missionary trap’ in the context of reverse mission, as the two Zimbabwean Churches face new frontiers. The article discusses how Zimbabwean churches, along with other African churches in the diaspora, created obstacles that impeded the dissemination of the gospel because of their insufficient cross-cultural training and experience. The researcher utilised descriptive phenomenological and interpretive phenomenological approaches for data collection and analysis, respectively.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary: The article is framed within the context of reverse mission, missiology, and the history of African Christianity. It contends that the African church should reassess its evangelistic strategies as it transcends national and international borders.

Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Art Preservation and Exhibition Spaces

This study aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the preservation and exhibition of artworks, with the “Exhibition Environment Status Detection Device and System” and the “Automatic Exhibition Guide System”, developed by Cheng Shiu University, as case studies. In recent years, AI technology has made significant advancements in image recognition, machine learning, and data analysis, which provide new opportunities for art management. However, due to high costs and implementation challenges, as well as a lack of qualified personnel to use these tools and systems, small art galleries and museums have not yet had the opportunity to acquire such systems. Therefore, this study observes the practical application of the “Exhibition Environment Status Detection Device and System” and the “Automatic Exhibition Guide System” in the fields of art preservation and exhibition. The study employs case study and observation methods, with participatory observation as the primary data collection approach. The results indicate that AI technology significantly enhances the preservation conditions of artworks and the interactivity of exhibitions. The paper suggests that future efforts should focus on long-term planning relating to technology costs and professional talent development to fully realize the potential of AI in art management and exhibition. Additionally, the application of these technologies can be extended to other fields.

Challenges and Countermeasures in Cross-Border Data Collection

In the context of globalization, cross-border data collection has become a crucial tool for countries combating transnational crime. China primarily employs international criminal judicial assistance to conduct cross-border data collection. While this approach respects national sovereignty, it faces practical challenges such as low efficiency and limited authority. In contrast, the United States and the European Union adopt a more flexible data controller model, achieving robust cross-border data collection capabilities. However, conflicts in data sovereignty and differences in legal systems hinder the direct application of these models in China. This paper employs a comparative research methodology to analyze the legislative frameworks and backgrounds of the U.S. and EU cross-border data collection approaches, identifying reasons these models are unsuitable for direct implementation in China. Building on insights from these legislative models, the paper proposes recommendations such as increasing the number of bilateral judicial assistance agreements and establishing a categorized data management system, aiming to provide a reference for China's future development in this field.

E-GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN LAGOS METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSPORT AUTHORITY

Lagos State has significantly transformed public sector performance by leveraging technology to improve service delivery, enhance transparency, and foster citizen engagement. Despite the adoption of technology like e-governance in the state, there is a growing concern about the effectiveness of e-governance in improving public sector performance. This study examines the impact of e-governance on public sector performance in LAMATA, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study is anchored on the Technology-OrganisationEnvironment (TOE) framework, as the study employed the interpretivism philosophy and a qualitative approach in data collection and analysis. An exploratory research design was considered appropriate because of its flexibility to consider many different aspects of the phenomenon. Similarly, newspaper reports and opinions were content analysed as the study adhered to the qualitative model of social research, which included textbooks, journals, articles, newspapers, and other publications. The results show that egovernance has improved public sector performance in Lagos State, particularly in terms of transparency, accountability, and citizen participation. However, the study also identifies some challenges facing egovernance in Lagos State, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of skilled personnel, and limited access to technology. The study concludes that e-governance has the potential to improve public sector performance in Lagos State but requires careful planning, implementation, and evaluation to overcome the challenges.

The Impact of Mother’s Education on Their Children’s Academic Performance: A Study Based on the Secondary Schools in Vavuniya District, Sri Lanka

Mother has crucial role in their children’s education such as motivation, facilitation, healthcare, school involvement. Mother’s education level has a significant relationship on their children education. Purpose of the study is identify the relationship mother education level on students’ achievement of students in the schools of Vavuniya District. The study was adopted descriptive survey design. The data collection and analysis approach was a mixed method using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 100 students and their mothers selected from a total of 725 students studying in four different schools in a backward area under Vavuniya district using a random sampling technique. The data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of completely closed-ended questions Mother’s education was significantly associated with student learning activities at schools Mother’s education was significantly associated with parent involvement at school. Using mother’s education as an indicator of cultural capital, the findings suggest mothers with more capital in the form of a degree are more involved than mothers with lower levels of education. Parent Volunteering. As hypothesized, mother’s level of education was correlated with parent volunteering. The effects were stronger for mothers without collegiate level education. Mothers with a college degree or higher were more likely to be involved with volunteering. Mother’s level of education significantly correlated with group activities for less than a high school diploma and a college degree or higher