Data Analysis Program Research Articles

Evaluation of the Informativeness of Features in Datasets for Continuous Verification

Continuous verification eliminates the flaws of existing static authentication, e.g. identifiers can be lost or forgotten, and the user logs in the system only once, which may be dangerous not only for areas requiring a high level of security but also for a regular office. Checking the user dynamically during the whole session of work can improve the security of the system, since while working with the system, the user may be exposed to an attacker (to be assaulted for example) or intentionally transfer rights to him. In this case, the machine will not be operated by the user who performed the initial login. Classifying users continuously will limit access to sensitive data that can be obtained by an attacker. During the study, the methods and datasets used for continuous verification were checked, then some datasets were chosen, which were used in further research: smartphone and smart watch movement data (WISDM) and mouse activity (Chao Shen’s, DFL, Balabit). In order to improve the performance of models in the classification task it is necessary to perform a preliminary selection of features, to evaluate their informativeness. Reducing the number of features makes it possible to reduce the requirements for devices that will be used for their processing, and to increase the volume of enumeration of classifier parameter values at the same time, thereby potentially increasing the proportion of correct answers during classification due to a more complete enumeration of value parameters. For the informativeness evaluation, the Shannon method was used, as well as the algorithms built into programs for data analysis and machine learning (WEKA: Machine Learning Software and RapidMiner). In the course of the study, the informativeness of each feature in the selected datasets was evaluated, and then users were classified with RapidMiner. The used in classifying features selection was decreased gradually with a 20% step. As a result, a table was formed with recommended sets of features for each dataset, as well as dependency graphs of the accuracy and operating time of various models.

Investigation of the impact of paediatric hospices on the quality of care of paediatric nurses.

The establishment of paediatric hospices improves the quality of care of paediatric nurses. To examine the effect of establishing paediatric hospices on the quality of care of paediatric nurses. Data was collected between 22 October 2022 and 25 February 2023. An online survey method was used to collect sociodemographic data and paediatric hospice data for paediatric nurses and a scale was used to determine the opinions of nurses working in the field of paediatrics. A total of 300 paediatric nurses who voluntarily participated in the collection of the research data were selected with the convenience sampling method, with written consent. SPSS 26.0 data analysis programme was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study, and Independent Sample t-test and ANOVA analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Of the participating paediatric nurses, 60.9% were women, 39.1% were men, 41.1% were married, 65.9% were between the ages of 22-33, and 71.6% worked at a paediatric hospice. There was no significant difference in paediatric hospice scale scores according to sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, education level and the health institution worked by paediatric nurses (p>.05). There was a significant difference in paediatric hospice scale scores according to hospice information. It was determined that the establishment of paediatric hospices had an effect on the quality of care (p<.01). Paediatric nurses felt that the establishment of paediatric hospices would improve the quality of care of children at the end of life. It is recommended that applications and studies on the establishment and structuring of paediatric hospices should be carried out by expanding the samples, not only in the field of paediatric nursing, but also in all nursing fields.

Addressing researcher fraud: retrospective, real-time, and preventive strategies-including legal points and data management that prevents fraud.

Researcher fraud is often easy and enticing in academic research, with little risk of detection. Cases of extensive fraud continue to occur. The amount of fraud that goes undetected is unknown and may be substantial. Three strategies for addressing researcher fraud are (a) retrospective investigations after allegations of fraud have been made, (b) sting operations that provide conclusive evidence of fraud as it occurs, and (c) data management practices that prevent the occurrence of fraud. Institutional and regulatory efforts to address researcher fraud have focused almost exclusively on the retrospective strategy. The retrospective approach is subject to controversy due to the limitations of post-hoc evidence in science, the difficulty in establishing who actually committed the fraud in some cases, the application of a legal standard of evidence that is much lower than the usual standards of evidence in science, and the lack of legal expertise by scientists investigating fraud. The retrospective strategy may be reliably effective primarily in cases of extensive, careless fraud. Sting operations can overcome these limitations and controversies, but are not feasible in many situations. Data management practices that are effective at preventing researcher fraud and unintentional errors are well-established in clinical trials regulated by government agencies, but appear to be largely unknown or unimplemented in most academic research. Established data management practices include: archiving secure copies of the raw data, audit trails, restricted access to the data and data collection processes, software validation, quality control checks, blinding, preregistration of data processing and analysis programs, and research audits that directly address fraud. Current discussions about data management in academic research focus on sharing data with little attention to practices that prevent intentional and unintentional errors. A designation or badge such as error-controlled data management could be established to indicate research that was conducted with data management practices that effectively address intentional and unintentional errors.

Faiz Kararının Duygusal Açıklaması: Türkiye’de Twitter Analizi

Emotions are pervasive in Economics. The spillover effect of Central Bank's interest decision is a crucial topic not only to economies but also to individuals. Twitter is a useful source of data for social and economic research as data provides public available and accessible easily. The study aims to determine the emotions with longitudinal research by analyzing tweets about the interest decision of the Central Bank in Turkiye. Within the study emotions expressed by tweets about interest rate decision are analyzed using Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions. The 2873 tweets about the interest decision cut on 29 November 2022 were examined by the Maxqda qualitative data analysis program. According to findings, the emotion of "anger" is mostly concentrated under the heading of interest rate decision. Also the analysis indicated that majority of tweets emphasized inflation and foreign exchange among macroeconomic variables and reducing interest indicates negative effects on economy especially by means of inflation. The study contains the classification of emotions regarding interest rate decision and provides evidence that economic decisions affect emotions and they are not independent from each other. Also study aims to provide comprehensive data for researchers who want to use Twitter with economics and emotions together.

Investigation Of the Reasons Why Individuals Who Trek Participate in The Activity (The Kayseri Province Example)

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the reasons of individuals participating in nature walks in Kayseri province for participating in such a physical activity. This researches who participate in nature walks in Kayseri province, consists of 347 people with an average age of 30,3±11,9years old. These participants consisted of 133 female and 214 male individuals. This study was used SPSS 22 program for data analysis. To sample size determination was used to G*Power (3.1.9.4). The scale created by Ekici et al. (2012) consisting of 5 sub-dimensions (Social, Healthy, Education, Time, Observation) and likert-type 24 questions. In the research, For the evaluation of the data obtained through the scale application, on the other hand, descriptor statistical methods such as frequencies (f), percentages (%), averages (x̄), and standard deviations (SD) were utilized. It was accepted that the data do not show normal distribution and it was decided to use nonparametric tests Which is comparing in pairwise Man-Whitney U and more than two parameters’ comparisons Kruskal Wallis test also. At the end of the research, it was found that there was a significant difference (p0,005) in the health, education, observation, social, time sub-dimensions according to marital status, observation according to gender variable, and social health and education sub-dimensions according to education level. As a results, it was found that marital status and education level are important factors in participation in nature walks. Keywords: Education, Health, Recreation, Social, Trekking

SERBIAN FILM FROM JOURNALISM STUDENTS' PERSPECTIVE

Journalism students from the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, are studying film as the first audio-visual mass communication medium, so the authors wanted to explore their relationship with Serbian (domestic) films, which is the main goal of this paper. In January 2023, 138 journalism students from all four years of undergraduate study participated in the study. Data were collected for the study using a specific questionnaire, which was then processed using SPSS, a program for statistical data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that journalism students visit theaters to see Serbian films. The presence of quality actors is both their initial association with Serbian movies and the most popular reason for going to the movies to see them. Lack of habit is frequently cited as the primary excuse for students who don't watch Serbian films at the movies. Although a bigger percentage of students say that Serbia creates exquisite movies that are popular abroad, they also believe that movies from earlier times were superior. The majority of the students believe that Serbian films are superior to those from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, two neighbouring countries.

Behavior of Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in Colombia and Risaralda for 17 years. Analysis and Recommendations

BACKGROUND: Primary health care is in charge of identifying and managing risks. This identification is made through consultation with the application of screening in order to provide education, risk monitoring and make effective interventions in consultation. The objective was to identify the behavior of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Colombia and Risaralda, from 1998 to 2015. METHODS: National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) death certificates were used from 1998 to 2015, with this a database was created and a data analysis program was carried out in time when they do not follow a time series. The most adjusted model was the LOESS regression or close regression model that was run in R. RESULTS: Mortality from hypertension, acute myocardial infarction and stroke has increased in recent years in Colombia and Risaralda, while mortality from heart failure has decreased. Regarding diabetes mellitus, it increased in Colombia, but decreased in Risaralda. CONCLUSION: Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases is for the same causes, therefore, greater emphasis should be placed on their prevention and screening. Clinical practice guidelines should be extended beyond the goals and focus more on these preventive strategies.

Sentiment analysis of financial Twitter posts on Twitter with the machine learning classifiers

This paper presents a sentiment analysis combining the lexicon-based and machine learning (ML)-based approaches in Turkish to investigate the public mood for the prediction of stock market behavior in BIST30, Borsa Istanbul. Our main motivation behind this study is to apply sentiment analysis to financial-related tweets in Turkish. We import 17189 tweets posted as "#Borsaistanbul, #Bist, #Bist30, #Bist100″ on Twitter between November 7, 2022, and November 15, 2022, via a MAXQDA 2020, a qualitative data analysis program. For the lexicon-based side, we use a multilingual sentiment offered by the Orange program to label the polarities of the 17189 samples as positive, negative, and neutral labels. Neutral labels are discarded for the machine learning experiments. For the machine learning side, we select 9076 data as positive and negative to implement the classification problem with six different supervised machine learning classifiers conducted in Python 3.6 with the sklearn library. In experiments, 80 % of the selected data is used for the training phase and the rest is used for the testing and validation phase. Results of the experiments show that the Support Vector Machine and Multilayer Perceptron classifier perform better than other classifiers with 0.89 and 0.88 accuracy and AUC values of 0.8729 and 0.8647 respectively. Other classifiers obtain approximately a 78,5 % accuracy rate. It is possible to increase sentiment analysis accuracy with parameter optimization on a larger, cleaner, and more balanced dataset by changing the pre-processing steps. This work can be expanded in the future to develop better sentiment analysis using deep learning approaches.

Association of TAS2R16 gene (rs860170, rs978739, rs1357949) polymorphisms and TAS2R16 serum levels in patients with age-related macular degeneration

ABSTRACT Background The aim of this study is to determine the association of TAS2R16 (rs860170, rs978739, rs1357949) gene polymorphisms and TAS2R16 serum levels in patients with the occurrence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Subjects with early AMD, subjects with exudative AMD, and healthy controls participated in the study. DNA was isolated by salting out leukocytes from peripheral venous blood. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed by RT-PCR. TAS2R16 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the Abbexa Human Taste Receptor Type 2 Member 16 (TAS2R16) ELISA kit. Statistical data analysis was performed using “IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0” and SNPstats statistical data analysis programmes. Results The TAS2R16 rs860170 TT genotype is statistically significantly less frequent in the exudative AMD group than in the control group, whereas the TAS2R16 rs860170 C allele gene is statistically significantly more frequent in the exudative AMD group. Each C allele of TAS2R16 rs860170 is associated with a 2.8-fold increased probability of occurrence of exudative AMD. The C allele of TAS2R16 rs860170 is statistically significantly more frequent in men and women with exudative AMD than in the control group. The C allele of TAS2R16 rs860170 is associated with a 2.8-fold increased odds of occurrence of exudative AMD in women and a 2.9-fold increased odds of occurrence of exudative AMD in men. In TAS2R16 (rs860170, rs978739, and rs1357949), the T-T-A haplotype is associated with a 2.6-fold decreased likelihood of developing early AMD and the T-T-A haplotype is associated with a 3.2-fold decreased likelihood of developing early AMD in women. For TAS2R16 (rs860170, rs978739, and rs1357949), carriers of the T-T-G and T-T-A haplotypes are associated with a 2.2- and 3.2-fold decreased probability of exudative AMD, respectively. Individuals with the C-C-A haplotype are 9.2-fold more likely to develop exudative AMD. Specifically, the C-C-A haplotype is associated with a 9.3-fold increased likelihood of exudative AMD in men. In contrast, women with the T-T-A haplotype are 5.6-fold less likely to develop exudative AMD. Conclusion TAS2R16 plays an important role in the development of AMD.

Quality in special education from teacher perspectives

ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to determine the quality indicators in separate special education schools that only educate individuals with special needs from the perspectives of teachers. We collected data from 82 special education teachers included by maximum diversity sampling using a semi-structured interview form. We conducted a content analysis using the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the study, we identified six main themes as quality indicators in separate special education schools. These were teacher and administrator qualifications, school environment (social and physical), curriculum and educational process, family interest and attitude, policies and practices, and child-related factors. Moreover, several factors such as teachers with degrees in special education, materials, social perspective, evidence-based practices, family support, and individualised education programs were found to play an important role as quality indicators in separate special education schools. Improvements in quality indicators in separate special education schools can contribute to student outcomes.

The Impact of HRM Practices and Leadership Styles on Administrative-Office Staff Performance in Palestinian Universities

This study investigates the impact of HRM practices and leadership styles on administrative-office staff performance in traditional universities and university colleges in Palestine. A pilot study was conducted before data collection to check content validity and reliability, which was successfully achieved. The primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to a purposive sample of administrative-office employees from nine Palestinian universities and university colleges across the West Bank area. A total of 256 questionnaires out of 270 were eligible for data analysis. The response rate was 0.94. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24 utilizing the data analysis program: PLS-SEM version 3. The findings of this research study have reported that HRM practices (training and development, compensation and rewards, employee relations, and performance appraisal) are positively related to administrative-office staff performance. In contrast, leadership styles (transformational and transactional) were found to have no significant impact on administrative-office staff performance. The study's contribution is threefold: the "population gap" contribution, HRM Practices' theoretical-practical gap contribution, and leadership styles' theoretical-practical gap contribution, besides its practical significance. The study has reached several recommendations, the most important of which are the examined HRM practices should be reinforced and emphasized in order to increase administrative-office staff performance and boost their effectiveness and in case of future examination of the relationship between leadership styles and employee performance, the researchers may employ a mediator or focus on investigating different styles of leadership other than transformational and transactional.

Using Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) in Communication Studies: A Systematic Review

This paper aims to explore how qualitative data analysis programs are used by Turkish researchers in communication studies and the value software programs add to the research. Studies included in this systematic review were gathered from DergiPark, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus scientific databases. A total of 120 studies were identified. It has been determined that only MAXQDA, NVivo, and Atlas.ti programs are preferred in media and communication studies published by Turkish academics. According to the findings of the study, Turkish communication researchers benefiting from QDAS programs primarily target nationally indexed journals rather than internationally indexed ESCI and SSCI journals. A significantly large proportion of reviewed articles do not use a well-articulated methodology for the analysis process. Reliability and validity were ignored in almost half of the sample. QDAS programs are used for reasons such as facilitating data management, data visualization, and working on different data sets. A notable observation made in this study was that programs are mostly used in the social media field. Universities should provide opportunities for graduate students and academic staff to spread QDAS programs, it was suggested in the research.

Power Mask Of Hmps Pips Senior Students In Ldkm Pips New Studentsfaculty Of Social Sciences And Law, Makassar State University

This study aims to analyze the construction work of senior students in the LDKM of new PIPS students and analyze the factors of the construction of senior students in the LDKM of new students of PIPS. To achieve the objectives of the study, a Phenomenology-Hermeneutics research approach was used by Heidegger. The data were analyzed using interpretation analysis methods and Nvivo data analysis program version 12. The results showed (1) The construction work of HMPS PIPS senior students in LDKM (Basic Leadership Training) activities began with a narrative of skills, skills, leadership, agents of change, the title of God and students who have. The presence of this ideal fantasy (object a) makes them participate in LDKM (Basic Leadership Training) activities in which they are dominated through the path of requiring understanding of the materials in LDKM (Basic Leadership Training) which are covered with symbolic violence that works through euphemizations leading to psychological and physical violence as a closure. (2) The working factor of HMPS PIPS senior students in LDKM (Basic Leadership Training) activities is because it maintains the existence of the HMPS PIPS internal institution with the aim of competing for the position as President of BEM (Student Executive Board) from the Faculty to University levels, where HMPS PIPS senior students, especially alumni, get pride and recognition as senior figures who create new PIPS student cadres (maba) who can occupy as President of BEM (Student Executive Board). Through their cadre positions, HMPS PIPS senior students gain a platform to channel their knowledge in gaining an image as a senior figure and political interests of the mass base as well as being able to control and control them because they consider them to be senior figures who have experience and knowledge capital in the institutional system that must be respected and feared.

Everyday Corruption Practices of Young People in Argentina and Russia: the Experience of Comparative Analysis

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the complexity and multidimensionality of the phenomenon of corruption and its negative impact on all aspects of modern society. The literature review shows that corruption has been analyzed from different angles, although no comparisons were found between countries such as Russia and Argentina. The comparison of corrupt behavior in these two societies presents academic interest because they share common features, do not belong to liberal-Western countries, but at the same time differ greatly in such factors as economic and political stability.Methodology and sources. From the theoretical and methodological point of view, the research is based on the scientific works of R. Merton, P. Bourdieu and M. Zaloznaya devoted to the issues of deviant behavior, motivation of action, practical sense and corrupt behavior. This article identifies, analyzes and compares corrupt behaviors in everyday life in Russia and Argentina, based on data provided by Russian and Argentinean young people in virtual interviews conducted in 2020 (N25) and in focus groups (N2) implemented before the pandemic, and media materials. Atlas-ti qualitative data analysis program is used.Results and discussion. In Argentina, corrupt behavior is highlighted to improve material living conditions in the context of constraints and in relation to institutions, Argentines mention more the police. While in Russia it is more related to the purpose of speeding up time, getting better services, graduating or avoiding a change of life project. Regarding institutions, universities and hospitals are mentioned.Conclusion. The study shows that neither in Russia nor in Argentina can the logic of corrupt behavior be reduced to the logic of economic behavior, as there are different motives, such as fear, custom, and assertion of right. The idea that certain situations are solved by money is widespread among young people in both societies.

Teacher Opinions on the Problems Encountered in Teaching History Subjects in Social Studies Courses

The first impression of history acquired by students who encounter history subjects for the first time in the "Culture and Heritage" learning area of the social studies course in schools is a critical point for their view of history for the rest of their educational life. The aim of the research, which is designed with this motivation, is to reveal the problems experienced in the teaching of history subjects in primary social studies courses from the perspective of teachers. The study group of the study consists of 27 social studies teachers working in 21 different secondary schools in Adana, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Hatay and Trabzon provinces of Turkey. The study is designed in the case study pattern from qualitative research methods. In the study, the semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool through Google Forms. The data obtained in the study were subjected to descriptive analysis; QDA Miner 5 qualitative data analysis program was used for this. According to the findings of the research, social studies teachers face problems such as the fact that the curriculum is very intense, the course hours are insufficient, the students do not show interest in the course, the history subjects are boring and irrelevant to the present, the students cannot perceive abstract subjects and concepts and the physical facilities of the schools are insufficient. In the solution of such problems, teachers and students, as well as especially the program makers who develop the curriculum, have a great responsibility.

The Evaluation Of Justice System Actors On Forensic Interviews With Children Victims Of Sexual Abuse

Forensic Interviewing is a method of communicating with subjects within the Investigation Process, in order to obtain the most accurate information. In recent years, the child’s involvement in the legal system, both as victims of crime and witnesses, has increased. The problem facing the Researcher, is that there is not enough information in the literature regarding the evaluations of judges and professional staff on Forensic Interviews with children who are victims of sexual abuse. This study was planned in Istanbul and was carried out in three major courthouses in Istanbul. The research data was analysed using the Maxqda 2020 qualitative data analysis program. It was determined that the training on Forensic Interview with sexually abused children had been found sufficient by most of the judges, but insufficient by more than half of the professional staff according to the result of the research. It was determined that more than half of the judges did not attend the training and those who did attend, were unwilling to use the child- friendly interview rooms. Professional staff declared that there should be more practical training in the future training programs. It was found that in Istanbul, each judge was responsible for roughly 60 trials each month and this situation puts time pressure on them. This article was produced from a doctoral thesis.

A Mixed Methods Research Study on School Dropout and Mathematics-Related School Dropout

School dropout is a persistent problem in educational sciences, and sample research has been conducted on this issue. Research has associated school dropout with various reasons, including academic failure. The current study aims to investigate the reasons of mathematics-related school dropout, as a sub-area of academic failure. The study adopted a mixed methods research design. In the quantitative phase, 955 adults completed a questionnaire regarding their school dropout and not continuing to a further school level. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program. The descriptive statistics revealed the reasons of general school dropout as family-related reasons, academic failure, environmental conditions, personal reasons, social reasons, teacher factor, health problems, and financial reasons. The inferential statistics (the chi-square test of independence) confirmed that adults’ school dropout was not independent of mathematics failure. The qualitative data analysis program, MAXQDA 2020, was used to account for the reasons of mathematics-related middle school and high school dropout in detail. To this end, interviews were held with two participants who dropped out of middle and high school, and their statements revealed that the reasons of mathematicsrelated school dropout or not continuing to a further school level were mathematics attitude, test anxiety, mathematics anxiety, teacher’s attitude, social factors, and main shortcomings. The qualitative data were analyzed through the singlecase model and two-cases model and presented with MAXmaps. The results demonstrated that the qualitative findings explained and confirmed the quantitative findings. The study offers several recommendations for various disciplines based on the findings.

Social play exclusion model in adolescent rats: Monitoring locomotor and emotional behavior associated with social play and examining c-Fos expression in the brain

The exclusion of social play within an adolescent group interferes with learning and the acquisition of essential social behavior during development and can cause modulations in the social brain areas. However, despite the importance of social play in adolescence, an in-depth explanation of its physiological mechanisms is limited because of the lack of experimental animal models that embody social play exclusion in human society. To determine the mechanism of social play in adolescence, we identified differences in emotional behavior and brain activity in animal models of social play exclusion that mimicked human society. Emotional changes in the social play exclusion and non-exclusion groups were examined by tracking social play-related social interaction behavior, social play-related space preference, social play-related locomotor behavior, and anxiety-like behavior using a behavioral data analysis program. Differences in brain activity among groups were identified using immunohistochemical staining. During the social play exclusion model, the rats preferred the partition zone to the other areas in the test chamber. The exclusion group preferred the partition and the center zone over the non-exclusion group. When comparing before and after the social play exclusion, the exclusion group showed a decrease in mobility and an increase in anxiety-like behavior compared to the non-exclusion group. We found that c-Fos expression in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the exclusion group was lower than that in the non-exclusion group, whereas c-Fos expression in the lateral habenula (LHb) of the exclusion group was higher than that in the non-exclusion group. Taken together, in adolescence, exclusion from social play with peers can increase anxiety-like behavior in the exclusion group and change the neuronal activity of the DG and LHb, suggesting that exclusion from social play is linked to modifications in the DG and LHb, which are regions associated with mood regulation.

The Impact of Management Information Systems on Strategic Success: A Field Study in Islamic Banks Operating in Aden, Yemen

The study aimed to identify the impact of management information systems in its four dimensions (human resources, material resources, software, information security) on the strategic success in its three dimensions (survival, growth, adaptation) in Yemeni Islamic banks operating in the city of Aden (Tadhamon International Bank, Saba Islamic Bank, CAC Islamic Bank). The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the study population consisted of the administrative leaders working in those banks, and their number was (56). The study used the questionnaire as a tool (f)or data collection, and it employed the statistical program (SPSS) for data analysis. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: In general, there is an impact of management information systems on the strategic success, and there is an impact for each of the four dimensions of management information systems (human resources, material resources, software, information security) on the strategic success of the banks in the study population. The level of management information systems in banks provides the study population with a very high level on the variable itself and at the level of dimensions such as (physical resources, software, information security). Further, there is an impact of management information systems on strategic system at a high-level of a dimension such as (human resources). There is also an impact with regard to dimensions such as (growth, adaptation) and a very high level of impact on a dimension such as (survival). The study recommended that banks should make use of strengths, addressing points of weaknesses, seizing opportunities, and overcoming threats in order to achieve their objectives. It also suggested conducting another scientific study on the impact of management information systems in strategic control in other dimensions of management information systems and this can be determined according to the specialized functions of banks.

An application of the new visitation paradigm to ecotourism in China

ABSTRACT With increasing visits to protected areas, tourism researchers suggest a new visitation paradigm (NVP) and the need for ‘mass park-visitor symbiosis.’ This study adopted the NVP approach to assess the mass symbiosis potential of the Chinese ecotourism market. Data from in-depth interviews were analysed using Leximancer, a computerised qualitative data analysis programme. The results suggest ecotourism in China has the potential to achieve the symbiosis goal, as indicated by visitors’ good knowledge of ecotourism and their environmental motivation. However, ecotourism experiences are not found to be strongly related to any environmental aspect, suggesting the mass participation for site enhancement activities might have been missing. The findings have important implications for tourism policy makers as well as providers wishing to attract Chinese tourists to ecotourism activities.