Data Aggregation Model Research Articles

The relationships between Urban Tree Canopy Cover and Crime in São Paulo City, Brazil

Prior research has indicated lower crime rates in areas with greater tree canopy cover predominantly in the Global North. There are few studies from the Global South, and more specifically in Latin America. Given the high prevalence of crime in Latin American cities, the need to address social and environmental inequalities using nature-based solutions is urgent. This study examines crime and tree canopy cover through a series of spatial analyses for São Paulo city, Brazil, while controlling for potential confounders. We tested six levels of data aggregation that were combined with three different crime types and two denominators of crime, to account for spurious findings from Modifiable Areal Unit Problems (MAUP). Of the 36 models, a majority of 27 models (75 %) indicate a negative relationship between crime and tree cover canopy, while 4 models (11 %) show a positive correlation, and 5 models (14 %) suggest no statistically significant relationship. Our best models allow us to infer that 10 % greater tree canopy cover is associated with a 1.20 % fewer property, personal and total reported crimes, with statistical significance at the p < 0.001 level. These findings support our hypothesis that there is a negative relationship between tree canopy cover and crime, with a stronger association observed for property crime than personal or total crime. The negative relationship persisted independently of the level of data aggregation, crime types, crime denominator and spatial models specifications (lag and SARMA), avoiding statistical bias of MAUP. The results follow the literature that have observed tree cover associated with lower crime rates, for different types of crime, while adding a new climatic and cultural context to the evidence base.

Adaptive and Priority-Based Data Aggregation and Scheduling Model for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) use sensor nodes placed in potential places to collect sensitive information. These sensor nodes monitor necessary data and send it to the sink node. Sensor nodes have resource constraints, especially energy and power depletion. The majority of sensor and battery power is wasted on redundant data transmission. The redundant data transmission consumes a significant amount of the sensor and battery life, decreasing the total lifespan of the sensor nodes. Data aggregation is an approach that expands the useful lifetime of sensor nodes overall and removes unnecessary data and delays. There are many types of data aggregation techniques, such as centralized, tree-based, in-network, and cluster-based. The available tree-based data aggregation mechanism performs well, but the whole tree may be down due to single-node failure. Due to bottlenecks, node data aggregation suffers from an increased packet failure ratio. Another limitation is that every node aggregates data into slices, which consumes more energy. For this purpose, an adaptive and priority-based data aggregation and scheduling model (APB-DASM) for WSNs is proposed in this paper to address these issues. It is proposed that APB-DASM be used to improve quality of service (QoS) with regard to energy consumption and data transmission. The APB-DASM model aggregates sensor data into cluster heads and divides it into three formats: The first format categorizes the most important data that consists of four slices, and the second format categorizes the important data that consists of three slices. Format three data is represented in two slices, which is normal data. These three types of format data are aggregated on a priority basis, such that the highest priority is given to the first format, i.e., most important data; moderate priority is given to the second format, i.e., important data; and then low priority is given to the normal data. Due to an efficient priority-based data aggregation and scheduling algorithm, our proposed model sends the most important data first, and so on. Theoretical study and simulation research demonstrate that our proposed approach improves the existing tree-based models. By using APB-DASM, significant decreases in energy usage, packet delivery ratio, and overall QoS are achieved, and as a result, the WSNs' lifetime is thus increased. The proposed model is implemented in MATLAB, and the results are compared with existing tree-based models. Simulations comparing our model to the most recent models indicate that it worked effectively, reducing the packet failure ratio and energy usage by 36.8% and 30%, respectively, for CBF-ADA, D-SMART, and WDARS. This article emphasizes how the suggested methodology can be effectively used in the aggregation of coronavirus patient data. It demonstrates how adaptable and applicable our method is in the real world.

Edge2LoRa: Enabling edge computing on long-range wide-area Internet of Things

Long-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is a low-cost solution to deploy very-large scale Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures with minimal requirements following a classic producer/consumer model. Inevitably such deployments will require a shift towards low-latency, distributed and collaborative data aggregation models. The cloud edge computing continuum (CECC) has been proposed as an evolution of the traditional central ultra-high-end processing cloud into a continuum of collaborative processing elements distributed from the cloud to the network edge. Until today, incorporating existing centralized and monolithic LPWAN architectures in the CECC faces multiple security-related implications. We propose Edge2LoRa, a complete secure solution to incorporate LPWAN architectures in CECC enabling faster data processing while reducing the transmission of sensitive data. It improves network performance through data pre-processing, traffic flow optimization, and real-time local analysis. Edge2LoRa gradually transform existing LPWAN deployments into agile and versatile infrastructures that enable the seamless and efficient processing of data throughout the CECC while guaranteeing service continuity and full-backwards compatibility. We implement Edge2LoRa in hardware compliant with the Things Stack and the LoRaWAN v1.0.4 and v1.1. We evaluate the performance in terms of networking and computing resource utilization, quality of service and security. The results provide a clear indication of the improvements to public and private LoRaWAN infrastructures without any disruption or service degradation for existing legacy services. In public LoRaWAN deployments where large-scale IoT data streams drive big data analytics, we demonstrate core network bandwidth usage reductions of up to 90% and data processing latency improvements by a ×10 factor.

A secure paillier cryptosystem based privacy-preserving data aggregation and query processing models for smart grid

A secure paillier cryptosystem based privacy-preserving data aggregation and query processing models for smart grid

Perancangan Aplikasi Visualisasi Database Produksi dengan Metode Agregasi menggunakan Looker Studio dan Google Sheets Berbasis Web Studi Kasus di PT. ANTAM. Tbk

The development of information technology has substantially changed the industrial landscape, including production data management. PT. ANTAM Tbk., as a mining and metallurgical company, realizes the significance of using technology to optimize operations and make data-based decisions. This research aims to design a production database visualization application by applying the aggregation method via the web-based Looker Studio and Google Sheets platforms. The aggregation method is applied to combine production data spread across various sources into more concise and easily accessible information. Looker Studio was chosen as a tool for designing interactive and informative data visualizations. Integration with Google Sheets provides flexibility in managing and storing production data. Case study at PT. ANTAM Tbk. used as a basis for applying this design concept in a practical context. This research uses a system development design approach to design and implement a production database visualization application. The analysis stage includes identifying user needs and production data characteristics. The design phase involved developing a data aggregation model and visualization interface using Looker Studio. Integration with Google Sheets was implemented at the development stage. The result of this research is a web application that allows users at PT. ANTAM Tbk. to access, analyze, and visualize production data effectively. This application provides information more quickly, accurately, and relevantly, supporting better decision-making based on data. The implications of this research include contributions to the development of information technology solutions that can increase operational efficiency and effectiveness in the mining and metallurgical industries

The Architecture of an Agricultural Data Aggregation and Conversion Model for Smart Farming

Monitoring and control systems integrated into agricultural machinery enable the development of agricultural analyses with advanced management tools, but the full use of all available data is often limited by the lack of uniformity among data transmitted from different agricultural machines. This paper presents an agricultural data aggregation and conversion model that allows for the collection and use of data captured from different agricultural machines in the course of work; these data differ in their original file formats and cannot be combined and used in a common analysis system. Programming work was carried out to create the model, and a specialised software interface enabled raster data processing using a Python library together with the open-source Hypertext Preprocessor and JavaScript programming language libraries. A PostGIS extension was utilised to engage field geometry and map-layering tools. Model validation showed that the data aggregation and conversion functions ensure the evaluation of semantic content and the transformation of the aggregated data into a unified format which is suitable for further use in intelligent farming management applications. The developed model will encourage precision agriculture, with the aim of improving work efficiency and the rational use of resources, the economy, and ecology in agriculture.

CH selection and compressive sensing‐based data aggregation in WSN using hybrid Golden circle‐inspired optimization

SummaryThe arbitrary distribution of sensor nodes and irregularity of the routing path led to unordered data, which is complex to handle in a wireless sensor network (WSN). To increase WSN lifetime, data aggregation models are developed to minimize energy consumption or ease the computational burden of nodes. The compressive sensing (CS) provides a new technique for prolonging the WSN lifetime. A hybrid optimized model is devised for cluster head (CH) selection and CS‐based data aggregation in WSN. The method aids to balance the energy amidst different nodes and elevated the lifetime of the network. The hybrid golden circle inspired optimization (HGCIO) is considered for cluster head (CH) selection, which aids in selecting the CH. The CH selection is done based on fitness functions like distance, energy, link quality, and delay. The routing is implemented with HGCIO to transmit the data projections using the CH to sink and evenly disperse the energy amidst various nodes. After that, compressive sensing is implemented with the Bayesian linear model. The convolutional neural network‐long short term memory (CNN‐LSTM) is employed for the data aggregation process. The proposed HGCIO‐based CNN‐LSTM provided the finest efficiency with a delay of 0.156 s, an energy of 0.353 J, a prediction error of 0.044, and a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 76.309%.

A Software Framework for Intelligent Security Measures Regarding Sensor Data in the Context of Ambient Assisted Technology.

Ambient assisted technology (AAT), which has the potential to enhance patient care and productivity and save costs, has emerged as a strategic goal for developing e-healthcare in the future. However, since the healthcare sensor must be interconnected with other systems at different network tiers, distant enemies have additional options to attack. Data and resources integrated into the AAT are vulnerable to security risks that might compromise privacy, integrity, and availability. The gadgets and network sensor devices are layered with clinical data since they save personal information such as patients' names, addresses, and medical histories. Considering the volume of data, it is difficult to ensure its confidentiality and security. As sensing devices are deployed over a wider region, protecting the privacy of the collected data becomes more difficult. The current study proposes a lightweight security mechanism to ensure the data's confidentiality and integrity of the data in ambient-assisted technology. In the current study, the data are encrypted by the master node with adequate residual energy, and the master node is responsible for encrypting the data using the data aggregation model using a node's key generated using an exclusive basis system and a Chinese remainder theorem. The integrity of the data is evaluated using the hash function at each intermediate node. The current study defines the design model's layered architecture and layer-wise services. The model is further analyzed using various evaluation metrics, such as energy consumption, network delay, network overhead, time in generating hash, tradeoff between encryption and decryption, and entropy metrics. The model is shown to adequately perform on all measures considered in the analysis.

Доверие к данным при пополнении онтологий и графов знаний

The problem of assessing trust in the information extracted from textual sources to populate ontologies or knowledge graphs is considered. For a unit of information or a fact, the minimum knowledge about an instance of the subject area, expressed by a single RDF triplet, is taken. The paper provides a description of a probabilistic trust evaluation model based on Markov random processes. When assessing, the model is built on the basis of available information about sources, taking into account previously extracted data. A method for assessing the credibility of information with parallel weighting of sources is also provided. The proposed approach is in demand when the quality of the data sources is unknown or unavailable. As part of testing the model, sets of numerical data of various sizes were automatically generated, experiments were carried out to weigh the sources and assess trust in the information extracted from them. It was shown that in most cases the weights of the sources calculated on the basis of the proposed model are the greater, the smaller the average deviation of the information they provide from the true one, and the confidence in facts increases with decreasing distance to the true data. Comparison with data aggregation models is made. In most cases, the aggregation based on the trust score showed the smallest average deviation from the true data among the considered models. The obtained results show that the proposed model is effective in comparison with other similar models and can be used in problems of assessing trust in facts represented by real numbers.

A secure and privacy-preserving data aggregation and classification model for smart grid

A secure and privacy-preserving data aggregation and classification model for smart grid

Hierarchical Data Aggregation with Data Offloading Scheme for Fog Enabled IoT Environment

Fog computing is a promising technology that has been emerged to handle the growth of smart devices as well as the popularity of latency-sensitive and location-awareness Internet of Things (IoT) services. After the emergence of IoT-based services, the industry of internet-based devices has grown. The number of these devices has raised from millions to billions, and it is expected to increase further in the near future. Thus, additional challenges will be added to the traditional centralized cloud-based architecture as it will not be able to handle that growth and to support all connected devices in real-time without affecting the user experience. Conventional data aggregation models for Fog enabled IoT environments possess high computational complexity and communication cost. Therefore, in order to resolve the issues and improve the lifetime of the network, this study develops an effective hierarchical data aggregation with chaotic barnacles mating optimizer (HDAG-CBMO) technique. The HDAG-CBMO technique derives a fitness function from many relational matrices, like residual energy, average distance to neighbors, and centroid degree of target area. Besides, a chaotic theory based population initialization technique is derived for the optimal initial position of barnacles. Moreover, a learning based data offloading method has been developed for reducing the response time to IoT user requests. A wide range of simulation analyses demonstrated that the HDAG-CBMO technique has resulted in balanced energy utilization and prolonged lifetime of the Fog assisted IoT networks.

A classy energy efficient spider monkey optimization based clustering and data aggregation models for wireless sensor network

SUMMARYEstablishment of energy efficient and reliable data routing in wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the most critical and challenging task in the recent days. Also, the overall performance and lifetime of WSN is highly depends on the energy level of sensor nodes, hence it is most essential to save the energy of network. For this purpose, the different types of clustering and data aggregation mechanisms are developed in the conventional works, which are focusing on improving both the energy conservation and lifetime of network. Yet, it facing the challenges of increased computational complexity, inefficient routing of data, high controlling overhead, and reduced reliability. Thus, the proposed work objects to develop a novel energy efficient mechanism by integrating the functionalities of advanced clustering, path selection, and data aggregation methodologies. Here, the spider monkey optimization based energy efficient routing protocol is developed for optimally selecting the cluster head (CH) based on certain parameters of energy, distance, and weight value. In this framework, the data transmission is performed between the source to destination nodes through the relay nodes and CHs, which helps to minimize the energy consumption of network. Then, the Classy Bellman‐Ford algorithm is deployed for identifying the best paths having shortest distance with the sink nodes. Consequently, an anticipated data aggregation mechanism is utilized for ensuring the security and reliability of data transmission in WSN. For evaluation assessment, various performance metrics have been utilized to validate the results of proposed methodology, and also the obtained values are compared with some other recent state‐of‐the‐art models for proving the betterment of proposed mechanism.

VC-PPQ: Privacy-Preserving Q-Learning Based Video Caching Optimization in Mobile Edge Networks

Mobile edge caching has great advantages in alleviating video traffic pressure and reducing transmission delay, which is considered as a hopeful solution to improve video resource utilization and achieve faster service response. However, due to insufficient and non-real time acquisition of the status between edge servers and mobile users, it is still difficult for existing solutions to improve the video quality of experience (VQoE) for mobile users. Besides, due to the mobility of users and malicious third-party attacks, users may suffer the risk of personal privacy (e.g. location, trajectory, preference, etc.) leakage when requesting video services that are scattered in different areas. In order to efficiently deal with these problems, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving Q-learning based video caching optimization framework in mobile edge networks (VC-PPQ), including a privacy scheme for user data and a dynamic video caching algorithm. Specifically, in the first task, the local differential privacy model is leveraged to protect the locations and preferences of users. Then, a data aggregation model is provided to make trade-off between aggregation accuracy and privacy protection. In the second task, we further obtain the video popularity in user's area by a computation service model, then formulate a caching objective function combined with transcoding technologies. Afterwards, Q-learning is adopted to obtain the goal of caching optimization, which can achieve low delay and high hit ratio. Finally, extensive simulations prove that our VC-PPQ framework delivers prominent performance advantages in terms of user privacy and caching services, which greatly improves the VQoE of users.

Data Aggregation Model of Enterprise Financial Supervision Based On BP Neural Network

Aiming at the problems of high damping coefficient and long aggregation response time of traditional enterprise financial supervision data aggregation model, an enterprise financial supervision data aggregation model based on BP neural network is designed. In order to effectively gather enterprise financial supervision data, an enterprise model of financial supervision data is proposed based on concurrent workflow. Using the basic financial data, construct the tree workflow, use the financial data summary server tree, construct the multi-level data aggregation mechanism, compress the enterprise financial supervision data based on BP neural network, and realize the model through the tree workflow and multi-level data aggregation mechanism. The experimental results show that the aggregation damping coefficient and response time of the design model are significantly lower than those of the control group, which can solve the problems of high damping coefficient and long aggregation response time of the traditional enterprise financial supervision data aggregation model.

Blockchain-Enhanced Spatiotemporal Data Aggregation for UAV-Assisted Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in the field of monitoring. For data collection of sensor nodes in large-scale monitoring scenarios, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted WSNs have emerged. For the security and validity of data collection, a blockchain-enhanced data collection framework for UAV-assisted WSNs is presented in this article. To reduce data redundancy in WSNs, a sparsity-optimized and compressed sensing-based spatiotemporal data aggregation model is built. A UAV identity authentication mechanism based on a Merkle tree is also designed to ensure the security of data transmission. By combining blockchain building and data aggregation, a disaster semantic blockchain (DSB) based on a data reconstruction-directed consensus mechanism is presented. Disaster semantics are extracted by analyzing the semantic association relationship of disaster, background, event, and sensor data. The experimental results show that the blockchain-enhanced spatiotemporal data aggregation effectively increases the network life cycle and data reconstruction accuracy. The disaster situation can be described accurately through the DSB.

A dual synchronization prediction-based data aggregation model for an event monitoring IoT network

The abrupt changes in the sensor measurements indicating the occurrence of an event are the major factors in some monitoring applications of IoT networks. The prediction-based approach for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks plays a significant role in detecting such events. This paper introduces a prediction-based aggregation model for sensor selection named the Grey prediction model and the Kalman filter-based data aggregation model with rank-based mutual information (GMKFDA-MI) that has a dual synchronization mechanism for aggregating the data and selecting the nodes based on prediction and cumulative error thresholds. Furthermore, the nodes after deployment are clustered using K-medoids clustering along with the Salp swarm optimization algorithm to obtain an optimized aggregator position concerning the base station. An efficient clustering promises energy efficiency and better connectivity. The experiments are accomplished on real-time datasets of air pollution monitoring applications and the results for the proposed method are compared with other similar state-of-the-art techniques. The proposed method promises high prediction accuracy, low energy consumption and enhances the throughput of the network. The energy-saving is recorded to be more than 10 to 30% for the proposed model when compared with other similar approaches. Also, the proposed method achieves 97.8% accuracy as compared to other methods. The method proves its best working efficiency in the applications like event reporting, target detection, and event monitoring.

Blockchain and homomorphic encryption-based privacy-preserving data aggregation model in smart grid

In recent years, rapid advancements in smart grid technology and smart metering systems have raised serious privacy concerns about the collection of customers’ real-time energy usage behaviors. Due to cybersecurity attacks and threats, data aggregation operations in a smart grid are challenging. The majority of existing techniques have high computation and communication costs and are still vulnerable to various security and privacy concerns. This paper proposes a deep learning and homomorphic encryption-based privacy-preserving data aggregation model to mitigate the negative impact of a flash workload on the accuracy of prediction models. The model also ensures a secure data aggregation process with low computational overhead. The proposed model is 80% more effective than the traditional approach in detecting smart meter manipulation, and the computation cost is 20% to 80% less than existing techniques. Thus, the proposed blockchain and homomorphic encryption-based data aggregation (BHDA) scheme shows a significant improvement in performance and privacy preservation with minimal computation overhead for data aggregation in smart grids.

The Application of Big Data in Electronic Information Engineering

With the development of Internet of things, more and more people pay attention to big data. Electronic information engineering is mainly about the acquisition and analysis of information. In this information age with explosive growth, a large number of data need to be correctly and reasonably analyzed by electronic information engineering combined with big data technology. Therefore, this paper proposes the application research of big data in electronic information engineering. Through in-depth study of big data related technologies, this paper constructs NoSQL data aggregation model, analyzes the importance of big data technology and the application of big data technology in electronic information engineering technology, and draws a conclusion that about 60% of people think big data technology is very important, and the application of big data in electronic information engineering technology accounts for 40%. The research in this paper is helpful to promote the progress and development of electronic information engineering and improve the profitability of enterprises.

Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks Exploiting Network Numerical Sparsity

Existing studies on false data injection attacks, a type of stealth attacks against sensor networks aimed at compromising the system in the cyber-physical security domain, have primarily been conducted on wired systems for applications such as advanced metering infrastructure in smart grid. However, the emerging trend of the widespread deployment of industrial wireless sensor networks for various new functionalities as well as for replacement of legacy systems, on the other hand, calls for both data aggregation methods that are cost-effective, scalable and easily implementable, as well as feasible approaches to detect injected false data in coordination with such data aggregation models. In this paper, we propose a numerical sparsity-based detection scheme operating upon a network coding-based data aggregation model paired with compressed sensing-based decoding, against attacks that alter the overall network sparsity by compromising and injecting falsified data into multiple sensor nodes in the network. Both the applicative scope and performance of the proposed scheme are analyzed and compared to a more straightforward but realistically challenging approach of directly examining network compressibility, i.e. the number of sufficiently large readings of active nodes extracted from the decoded network signal. Numerical studies illustrate the proposed method is applicable for the usually sparsely active industrial wireless sensor networks, and offers faster, reliable decisions when the aforementioned false data injection attacks are launched.

Security‐aware authorization and verification based data aggregation model for wireless sensor networks

AbstractIn Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the sensor nodes aggregate the environment and transmit the aggregated data to the Cluster Head (CH) or aggregator. Even though various data aggregation model is introduced, the resource‐constrained issues in WSN are complex to solve in the research community. Therefore, the authorization and verification‐based data aggregation model is proposed in this research to perform the secure data transmission. The proposed network model contains three functioning blocks, such as sensor nodes, aggregators, and data centers, respectively. The proposed data aggregation model involves five different phases, setup and key generation phase, signing, verification, authorization, and data aggregation phase. The sensor node creates the ID and private key to perform the data communication between the Cluster Head and data center. The data center generates the control message and transfers the message to CH and the sensor node. Finally, the data aggregation is carried out using the trimodel Least Mean Square (LMS) filter to achieve the data aggregation in WSN. Moreover, the proposed authorization and verification‐based data aggregation model obtained a lower prediction error of 0.0526 and consumed higher energy of 0.5567 J with the computational and the communication cost as 0.008 second, and 0.0139 second, respectively.