Data Acquisition Pipeline Research Articles

Improved tolerance to off-resonance in spectral-spatial EPI of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and metabolites.

PurposeFor 13C echo‐planar imaging (EPI) with spectral‐spatial excitation, main field inhomogeneity can result in reduced flip angle and spatial artifacts. A hybrid time‐resolved pulse sequence, multi‐echo spectral‐spatial EPI, is proposed combining broader spectral‐spatial passbands for greater off‐resonance tolerance with a multi‐echo acquisition to separate signals from potentially co‐excited resonances.MethodsThe performance of the imaging sequence and the reconstruction pipeline were evaluated for 1H imaging using a series of increasingly dilute 1,4‐dioxane solutions and for 13C imaging using an ethylene glycol phantom. Hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate was administered to two healthy rats. Multi‐echo data of the rat kidneys were acquired to test realistic cases of off‐resonance.ResultsAnalysis of separated images of water and 1,4‐dioxane following multi‐echo signal decomposition showed water‐to‐dioxane 1H signal ratios that were in agreement with the independent measurements by 1H spectroscopy for all four concentrations of 1,4‐dioxane. The 13C signal ratio of two co‐excited resonances of ethylene glycol was accurately recovered after correction for the spectral profile of the redesigned spectral‐spatial pulse. In vivo, successful separation of lactate and pyruvate‐hydrate signals was achieved for all except the early time points during which signal variations exceeded the temporal resolution of the multi‐echo acquisition.ConclusionImproved tolerance to off‐resonance in the new 13C data acquisition pipeline was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Magn Reson Med 80:925–934, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

The Oil and Gas Pipeline SCADA System Based on Cloud Computing and the Scheduling Algorithm

For improving the reliability and resource utilization of oil and gas pipeline Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, the application framework of oil and gas pipeline SCADA system based on cloud computing and a high reliability scheduling algorithm is proposed in the paper. Simulation results show the SCADA system based on cloud computing with new scheduling algorithm can realize history data backup in many computers and real-time data processed with primary-backup copy. So, the new application framework and new scheduling algorithm can provide better reliability and improve the resource utilization of system.

Pepitome: Evaluating Improved Spectral Library Search for Identification Complementarity and Quality Assessment

Spectral libraries have emerged as a viable alternative to protein sequence databases for peptide identification. These libraries contain previously detected peptide sequences and their corresponding tandem mass spectra (MS/MS). Search engines can then identify peptides by comparing experimental MS/MS scans to those in the library. Many of these algorithms employ the dot product score for measuring the quality of a spectrum-spectrum match (SSM). This scoring system does not offer a clear statistical interpretation and ignores fragment ion m/z discrepancies in the scoring. We developed a new spectral library search engine, Pepitome, which employs statistical systems for scoring SSMs. Pepitome outperformed the leading library search tool, SpectraST, when analyzing data sets acquired on three different mass spectrometry platforms. We characterized the reliability of spectral library searches by confirming shotgun proteomics identifications through RNA-Seq data. Applying spectral library and database searches on the same sample revealed their complementary nature. Pepitome identifications enabled the automation of quality analysis and quality control (QA/QC) for shotgun proteomics data acquisition pipelines.

Development of a pipelined data acquisition system for experiments at J-PARC

We have developed a pipelined data acquisition (DAQ) system for μSR experiments at the Japan-Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). From September 2008, the J-PARC accelerator will begin the beam delivery to the muon source and the first μSR experiment will be in operation. When fully operable, the muon beam intensity at the Muon Experiment Facility will be two to three orders of magnitude greater than that of the Muon Science Laboratory (KEK-MSL). This will force us to replace the detector and the DAQ system. The new DAQ system must fit the framework for the run automation at J-PARC. We have developed a new DAQ system for this purpose, which will be used in the first experiment and will be ready for new μSR detectors for the full operation of the accelerator.

New pipelined data acquisition system for μSR experiments at J-PARC

We have built a new DAQ (data acquisition) system for μSR experiments at J-PARC. When fully operable, the muon beam intensity delivered at the Muon Experiment Facility would be two or three orders of magnitude greater than that of the Muon Science Laboratory at KEK (KEK-MSL). Under this condition, the DAQ system at KEK-MSL would no longer be usable, due to its high single rate and the pile-up effect of the signal. To overcome this problem, we have to replace both the detector and the DAQ system. As we continue to use the old detector until the planned new detector is installed, the multiplicity will be higher. We have developed a DAQ system that is applicable to high multiplicity, up to 1024 hits per channel, with many channels for the planned new detector.

Gemvid, an open source, modular, automated activity recording system for rats using digital video

Measurement of locomotor activity is a valuable tool for analysing factors influencing behaviour and for investigating brain and sleep functions. Several methods have been described in the literature for measuring the amount animal movement but most are flawed or expensive. Here, we describe an open source, modular, low-cost, user-friendly, highly sensitive, non-invasive system that records all the movements of a rat in its cage. Our activity monitoring system quantifies overall free movements of rodents without any markers, using a commercially available CCTV and a newly designed motion detection software developed on a GNU/Linux-operating computer. The operating principle is that the amount of overall movement of an object can be expressed by the difference in total area occupied by the object in two consecutive picture frames. The application is based on software modules that allow the system to be used in highthroughput work-flow. Documentation, example files, source code and binary files can be freely downloaded on the web. In a series of experiments with objects of pre-defined oscillation frequencies and movements, we documented the sensitivity, reproductibility and stability of our system. We also compared data obtained with our system and data obtained with an Actiwatch device. Finally, to validate the system, results obtained from the automated observation of 6 rats during 7 days in a regular light cycle are presented and are accompanied by a stability test. The validity of this system is further demonstrated through the observation of 2 rats in constant dark conditions that displayed the expected free running of their circadian rhythm. In conclusion, the present study describes a system that relies on video frame differences to automatically quantify overall free movements of a rodent without any markers. It allows the monitoring of rats in their own environment for an extended period of time. By using a low-cost, open source hardware/software solution, laboratories can greatly simplify their data acquisition and analysis pipelines and improve their workload.

Three-dimensional morphology and gene expression in the Drosophila blastoderm at cellular resolution I: data acquisition pipeline

A suite of methods that provide the first quantitative three-dimensional description of gene expression and morphology with cellular resolution in whole Drosophila embryos is described.

Modular pipeline readout electronics for the SuperBelle drift chamber

In order to explore new physics in B-meson decays we plan to upgrade the KEK B-factory to a luminosity of 5/spl times/10/sup 35/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/. In parallel we are developing a new pipelined data acquisition system for the Belle detector to cope with higher trigger rates of up to 30 kHz and severe background conditions. In order to reduce development and maintenance costs, we have adopted a modular design for these new readout electronics. The chosen architecture consists of a common readout platform, upon which are mounted subdetector specific parts, customized to meet the readout requirements of each sub detector component. As an example of this new architecture, we present in this paper the design of drift chamber electronics. The drift chamber readout utilizes the AMT-3 time-to-digital converter chip, originally developed for the ATLAS experiment, which satisfies the performance requirement for current and future Belle drift chamber readout. A data transfer performance test with emulation modules, mounted on the common platform, shows that the new readout electronics works well at a more than 30 kHz input trigger rate.

Serial-bus based trigger timing distribution system for SuperBelle

We have developed a high-speed serial-bus based trigger timing distribution system. Copper cables will distribute the trigger and related timing signals to more than one thousand newly developed pipeline data acquisition modules. These modules are needed for the SuperBelle upgrade to the Belle detector at an upgraded KEKB (SuperKEKB) storage ring. The main idea is to use a pair of serial-bus lines over a compact, low-cost and widely available enhanced category-5 shielded twisted pair (STP) cable. The entire system consists of three types of modules and is scalable by cascading switch modules over multiple stages. In this way four stages can interconnect up to 4096 readout modules. We have demonstrated that the basic technology is suitable for such an application. Before a full system replacement, a two-step integration procedure is planned to integrate the system into the running Belle data acquisition system.

Intelligent System for Condition Monitoring of Underground Pipelines

Abstract: Pipeline infrastructure is decaying at an accelerating rate due to reduced funding, insufficient quality control resulting in poor installation, little or no inspection and maintenance, and a general lack of uniformity and improvement in design, construction and operation practices, among other things. Developing an intelligent system can provide fast and reliable decision‐making tools that are needed to handle the large volume of deteriorating buried pipeline infrastructure systems, particularly water and wastewater pipelines, that pose serious threats to environment if they fail. The focus of this article is to develop state‐of‐the‐art concepts and technology for buried pipeline system data acquisition, data interpretation, and utilization of the data for an intelligent renewal of buried infrastructure. Such a system could automate in real time much of the pipeline data acquisition, interpretation, and evaluation process, and capture the experience and judgment of expert utility engineers in performing condition assessment and identification of appropriate rehabilitation and maintenance strategies.

A high-throughput x-ray microtomography system at the Advanced Photon Source

A third-generation synchrotron radiation source provides enough brilliance to acquire complete tomographic data sets at 100 nm or better resolution in a few minutes. To take advantage of such high-brilliance sources at the Advanced Photon Source, we have constructed a pipelined data acquisition and reconstruction system that combines a fast detector system, high-speed data networks, and massively parallel computers to rapidly acquire the projection data and perform the reconstruction and rendering calculations. With the current setup, a data set can be obtained and reconstructed in tens of minutes. A specialized visualization computer makes rendered three-dimensional (3D) images available to the beamline users minutes after the data acquisition is completed. This system is capable of examining a large number of samples at sub-μm 3D resolution or studying the full 3D structure of a dynamically evolving sample on a 10 min temporal scale. In the near future, we expect to increase the spatial resolution to below 100 nm by using zone-plate x-ray focusing optics and to improve the time resolution by the use of a broadband x-ray monochromator and a faster detector system.

The NA48 data acquisition system

NA48 is a CP violation experiment that is starting its period of data taking at the CERN SPS accelerator. The expected average data rate of a few thousand events/s (with the possibility to go up to 10 kHz), a data volume up to 100 MB/s sustained over the beam burst, and the necessity to handle different subsystems with very wide variation in the number of channels have lead to the design of a modular pipelined data acquisition system with a sampling rate of 25 ns.

Development of the front end electronics for the ZEUS high resolution calorimeter

The development and design of the pipelined data acquisition system for the high-resolution ZEUS calorimeter are described. Details of the front-end analog card and its performance are presented. A description of the custom pipeline and buffer multiplexer chips is given, along with test results for the pipeline chip. In addition, some results are presented for a CCD (charge-coupled device) test system built to evaluate the pipeline principles using the ZEUS calorimeter prototype at the CERN PS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

An analog CCD Pipeline for ZEUS

The ZEUS detector at HERA must have a fundamentally different trigger and data acquisition structure than other existing colliders. A pipelined structure is required because of the short (96 ns) bunch crossing interval, and the presence of a high, proton-related background. A beam-gas event rate > 10 kHz is expected in the vicinity of the detector. The trigger and data acquisition pipelines for the calorimeter are described. A custom integrated circuit is required for the data acquisition pipeline, and both a CCD and a switched capacitor design effort is described.

The CDF Event-Builder

The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) uses a FASTBUS network for real-time data acquisition (DAQ) with the current system comprising more than 500 FASTBUS modules. A central element in the DAQ pipeline is a hardware event builder whose role is to read out the front end scanners, reformat the data into YBOS bank structure, and transmit the data to a Level 3 trigger system which is composed of multiple processors from the Advanced Computer Project (ACP) at Fermilab. This paper describes the development of the hardware event-builder and includes some results from testing the prototype in reading out the detector, reformatting the data and writing it to the Level 3 ACP farm.

The CDF Data Acquisition System

The CDF Data Acquisition System is described, concentrating on the flow of data through the Data Acquisition Pipeline. Access to the Event Data by monitoring Processes running on the array of VAX Computers comprising the primary user interface is discussed, together with some of the utilities available by which the Physicist may interact with the Online System.