DASH-style Diet Research Articles

The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern in childhood in relation to cardiometabolic risk in adolescence and early adulthood in the ALSPAC birth cohort.

To investigate the relationship between the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style dietary patterns in childhood and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence/early adulthood. Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective cohort. Diet diary data collected at 7, 10 and 13 years were used to calculate DASH-style diet scores (DDS). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between the DDS at 7, 10 and 13 years and CMR scores, calculated at 17 and 24 years. The ALSPAC cohort included children born in south-west England in 1991-1992. Children with complete dietary, covariate and cardiometabolic data at 17 (n 1,526) and 24 years (n 1,524). A higher DDS at 7 and 10 years was negatively associated with CMR scores at 17 years (β = -0·64 (95 % CI -1·27, -0·006), Ptrend=0·027 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = -0·73 (95 % CI -1·35, -0·12) and Ptrend=0·037 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years) and at 24 years (β = -0·92 (95 % CI -1·49, -0·34) Ptrend = 0·001 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = -0·60 (95 % CI -1·20, -0·05) Ptrend = 0·092 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years). No associations were found between the DDS at 13 years and CMR score at 17 and 24 years. Greater adherence with a DASH-style diet during childhood was associated with better cardiometabolic health in adolescence/adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. The components of the DASH diet could be recommended to improve children's cardiometabolic health.

Association of Three Different Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Indices with Renal Function in Renal Transplant Recipients.

Several dietary indices assess the impacts of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on health outcomes. We explored DASH adherence and renal function among 85 Taiwanese renal transplant recipients (RTRs) in a cross-sectional study. Data collection included demographics, routine laboratory data, and 3-day dietary records. Three separate DASH indices, that defined by Camões (based on nine nutrients), that defined by Fung (using seven food groups and sodium), and that modified by Fung (as above but separated for men and women) were used. Renal function was ascertained through the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from patients' medical records. Participants' mean age was 49.7 ± 12.6 years and eGFR was 54.71 ± 21.48 mL/min/1.73 m2. The three established DASH diet indices displayed significant correlations (r = 0.50-0.91) and indicated the nutritional adequacy of the diet. Multiple linear regressions indicated a significant positive association between higher DASH scores for each index and increased eGFR. In addition, RTRs in the highest DASH score tertile had higher eGFR rates than those in the lowest tertile, regardless of confounding variables. Adherence to a DASH-style diet correlated with better renal function among RTRs. Educating RTRs about the DASH diet may prevent graft function deterioration.

Changes in Choline Metabolites and Ceramides in Response to a DASH-Style Diet in Older Adults.

This feeding trial evaluated the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on changes in plasma choline, choline metabolites, and ceramides in obese older adults; 28 adults consumed 3oz (n = 15) or 6oz (n = 13) of beef within a standardized DASH diet for 12 weeks. Plasma choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC), sphingomyelin, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), L-carnitine, ceramide, and triglycerides were measured in fasted blood samples. Plasma LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species were also quantified. In response to the study diet, with beef intake groups combined, plasma choline decreased by 9.6% (p = 0.012); DMG decreased by 10% (p = 0.042); PC decreased by 51% (p < 0.001); total LPC increased by 281% (p < 0.001); TMAO increased by 26.5% (p < 0.001); total ceramide decreased by 22.1% (p < 0.001); and triglycerides decreased by 18% (p = 0.021). All 20 LPC species measured increased (p < 0.01) with LPC 16:0 having the greatest response. Sphingomyelin 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 increased (all p < 0.001) by 10.4%, 22.5%, and 24%, respectively. In contrast, we observed that sphingomyelin 24:0 significantly decreased by 10%. Ceramide 22:0 and 24:0 decreased by 27.6% and 10.9% (p < 0.001), respectively, and ceramide 24:1 increased by 36.8% (p = 0.013). Changes in choline and choline metabolites were in association with anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes. These findings show the impact of the DASH diet on choline metabolism in older adults and demonstrate the influence of diet to modify circulating LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species.

The association of dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet with hospitalization risk in patients with COVID-19

Given the importance of dietary habits in the immune system, the current study aimed at investigating the association between Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19. Dietary data of 141 patients with COVID-19 were collected using 147-item food frequency questionnaire. DASH score in this cross-sectional study was calculated based on eight components, including fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts and seeds, whole grains, low-fat dairy, red or processed meats, sweetened beverages, and sodium. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate the OR and 95% CI for hospitalization due to COVID-19 in each tertile of DASH score. Mean ± SD of DASH score in inpatients (n=74) and outpatients (n= 87) was 22.5 ± 4.57 and 25.34 ± 4.23, respectively. The risk of hospitalization in the highest tertile of DASH score was 81% lower than the lowest tertile (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.07-0.55, P trend = 0.001 after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, energy intake). Also, more intake of fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and less intake of sodium, red and processed meat were each significantly associated with reduced risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19. Our data provide evidence that adherence to DASH-style diet was associated with lower risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19.

Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet in association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescents

BackgroundDietary patterns and food items have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) risk and they have led to conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet with the risk of GERD and its symptoms in adolescents.Study designCross-sectional.MethodsThis study was performed on 5,141 adolescents aged between 13 and 14 years. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency method. The diagnosis of GERD was done by using a six-item GERD questionnaire that asked about GERD symptoms. A binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the DASH-style diet score and GERD and its symptoms in crude and multivariable-adjusted models.ResultsOur findings revealed that after adjustment for all confounding variables, the adolescents with the highest adherence to the DASH-style diet had a lower chance of developing GERD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95%CI 0.33–0.75, Ptrend< 0.001)], reflux (OR = 0.42; 95%CI 0.25–0.71, Ptrend=0.001), nausea (OR = 0.59; 95% CI:0.32–1.08, Ptrend=0.05) and stomach pain (OR = 0.69; 95%CI 0.49–0.98, P trend=0.03) compared to those with the lowest adherence. Similar results were found for odds of GERD among boys, and the total population (OR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18–0.73, Ptrend=0.002, OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.34–0.77, P trend<0.0, respectively).ConclusionThe current study revealed that adherence to a DASH-style diet might protect against GERD and its symptoms including, reflux, nausea, and stomach pain in adolescents. Further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.

Adding Salt to Foods and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

BackgroundWe recently found that the frequency of adding salt to foods could reflect a person’s long-term salt taste preference and sodium intake, and was significantly related to life expectancy. ObjectiveWe analyzed whether the frequency of adding salt to foods was associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. MethodsThis study included 176,570 adults in UK Biobank who were initially free of CVD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the frequency of adding salt to foods and incident CVD events. ResultsDuring a median of 11.8 years of follow-up, 9,963 total CVD events, 6,993 ischemic heart disease (IHD) cases, 2,007 stroke cases, and 2,269 heart failure cases were documented. Lower frequency of adding salt to foods was significantly associated with lower risk of total CVD events after adjustment for covariates and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet (a modified DASH score was used without considering sodium intake). Compared with the group of always adding salt to foods, the adjusted HRs were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.87), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70-0.84) across the groups of usually, sometimes, and never/rarely, respectively (P trend < 0.001). Among the subtypes of CVD, adding salt showed the strongest association with heart failure (P trend <0.001), followed by IHD (P trend < 0.001), but was not associated with stroke. We found that participants who combined a DASH-style diet with the lowest frequency of adding salt had the lowest CVD risk. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that lower frequency of adding salt to foods is associated with lower risk of CVD, particularly heart failure and IHD.

Plasma fatty acid responses to a calorie-restricted, DASH-style diet with lean beef

BackgroundPlasma fatty acid (FA) levels are used as biomarkers of health outcomes and nutritional intake. MethodsThis was an exploratory analysis of the plasma FA profile from a parallel-designed, controlled-feeding study in older, obese adults (females, n = 17; males, n = 11) consuming a DASH-based diet with two levels of lean beef (3oz and 6oz per day). Plasma FA levels (as percent composition) were measured by gas chromatography from five timepoints over the 12-week intervention. The primary plasma FA change patterns modeled were sustained (initial change to ‘new normal’) or homeostatic (initial change, then return toward original baseline). ResultsThe study diet was low in fat (< 60 g/d), especially polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs; < 5 g/d), compared to the average American diet of obese individuals as described by a nationally representative sample. Participants lost ∼6% of body mass and lowered plasma fasting triglyceride levels by ∼9% over the course of the study. With strong to very strong strength of evidence, the individual FAs displaying a sustained response were C16:1n7t, C18:1n9, C20:1n9, and C18:2n6, and homeostatic response, C18:0, 24:0, C24:1n9, C18:3n6, C20:4n6, and C22:6n3 (Ps < 0.0021, Bonferroni-adjusted). The data suggested that systematic changes in both the PUFA and de novo lipogenesis pathways occurred. ConclusionsDiet can affect plasma FA changes both due to nutritional composition and by affecting metabolic processes.

Association of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet and Mediterranean diet with blood pressure in less-developed ethnic minority regions.

We aimed to investigate the association of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet and Mediterranean-style diet with blood pressure in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LMERs). Cross-sectional study. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary quality was assessed by the DASH-style diet score and the alternative Mediterranean-style diet (aMED) score. The association between dietary quality and blood pressure was evaluated using multivariate linear regression model. We further examined those associations in subgroups of blood pressure level. A total of 81433 adults from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study were included in this study. In the overall population, compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile of DASH-style diet score was negatively associated with systolic BP (coefficient: -2.78, 95% CI: -3.15 to -2.41; P-trend<0.001), while the highest quintile of aMED score had a weaker negative association with systolic BP (coefficient: -1.43, 95% CI: -1.81 to -1.05; P-trend<0.001). Both dietary indices also showed a weaker effect on diastolic BP (coefficient for DASH-style diet: -1.06, 95% CI: -1.30 to -0.82; coefficient for aMED: -0.43, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.19). In the subgroup analysis, both dietary indices showed a stronger beneficial effect on systolic BP in the hypertension group than in either of the other subgroups. Our results indicated that the healthy diet originating from Western developed countries can also have beneficial effects on blood pressure in LEMRs. DASH-style diet may be a more appropriate recommendation than aMED as part of a dietary strategy to control blood pressure, especially in hypertensive patients.

The association between adherence to a dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and neuro-psychological function in young women

BackgroundThe adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet may have a bidirectional relationship with mental wellbeing. We aimed to evaluate the association between compliance with a DASH diet and neuro-psychological function in young women.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 181 girls aged between 18 and 25 years were recruited. The dietary intakes of study participants were evaluated using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 65 food items. Neuropsychological function of participants was evaluated using standard questionnaires.ResultsAs may be expected, individuals in the highest tertile (T3) of adherence to DASH diet (highest adherence) were found to consume more folate, fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy, nuts, legume, and seed, less sweetened beverage and sodium, compared to the participants in the lowest tertile (T1, lowest adherence). There was a significant negative correlation between cognitive function and consumption of red and processed meat (r = − 0.168; p < 0.05); quality of life score with dietary sodium (r = − 0.151; p < 0.01) and depression score with dietary vegetables (r = − 0.174; p < 0.05). In multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, BMI and energy intake, adherence to a DASH-style diet was associated with a lower stress score (OR = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.34–1.47, P = 0.067; T3 vs. T1) and difficulty with sleep initiation (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.21–1.00, P = 0.017; T3 vs. T1).ConclusionAdherence to a DASH diet may be associated with reduced stress and difficulty with initiating sleep.

Effects of dietary macronutrients on serum urate: results from the OmniHeart trial

Dietary recommendations to prevent gout emphasize a low-purine diet. Recent evidence suggests that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet reduces serum urate while also improving blood pressure and lipids. To compare the effects of DASH-style diets emphasizing different macronutrient proportions on serum urate reduction. We conducted a secondary analysis of the Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease feeding study, a 3-period, crossover design, randomized trial of adults with prehypertension or hypertension. Participants were provided with 3 DASH-style diets in random order, each for 6 wk. Each DASH-style diet emphasized different macronutrient proportions: a carbohydrate-rich (CARB) diet, a protein-rich (PROT) diet, and an unsaturated fat-rich (UNSAT) diet. In the PROT diet, approximately half of the protein came from plant sources. We compared the effects of these diets on serum urate at weeks 4 and 6 of each feeding period. Of the 163 individuals included in the final analysis, the mean serum urate at baseline was 5.1 mg/dL. Only the PROT diet reduced serum urate from baseline at the end of the 6-wk feeding period (-0.16 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.28, -0.04; P=0.007). Neither the CARB diet (-0.03 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.09; P=0.66) nor the UNSAT diet (-0.01 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.12, 0.09; P=0.78) reduced serum urate from baseline. The PROT diet lowered serum urate by 0.12 mg/dL (95% CI: -0.20, -0.03; P=0.006) compared with CARB and by 0.12 mg/dL (95% CI: -0.20, -0.05; P=0.002) compared with UNSAT. A DASH-style diet emphasizing plant-based protein lowered serum urate compared with those emphasizing carbohydrates or unsaturated fat. Future trials should test the ability of a DASH-style diet emphasizing plant-based protein to lower serum urate and prevent gout flares in patients with gout. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00051350.

The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet have several components like high amounts of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, and vitamin C and low amounts of simple sugars that might improve attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We aimed to investigate the effect of a DASH diet on children (aged 6-12years) with ADHD, for the first time. Participants were randomized to receive a DASH or a control diet for 12weeks. The severity of ADHD symptoms [determined by abbreviated 10-item Conner's scale (ACS), 18-item Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) scale and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)] were assessed every four weeks. Eighty children completed the study. After adjustment for confounders, parent (- 4.71 for the DASH group vs. - 3 for the control group) and teacher-reported (- 5.35 vs. - 1.87) ACS scores, parent-, teacher-, child-reported hyperactivity (- 1.40 vs. - 0.66, - 1.95 vs. -0.63, - 1.60 vs. - 0.43, respectively), emotional symptoms (- 1.50 vs. - 0.45, - 1.42 vs. - 0.63, and - 1.09 vs. - 0.61, respectively), and total SDQ scores (- 3.81 vs. - 1.65, - 4.11 vs. - 1.23, - 4.44 vs. - 1.26, respectively), teacher-reported of conduct problems (- 1.42 vs. - 0.63), peer relationship problems (- 0.87 vs. - 0.07), and prosocial behaviors (1.36 vs. 0.08) assessed by the SDQ were significantly improved in the DASH group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Adherence to a DASH-style diet might improve ADHD symptoms. Further RCTs which include participants from both sexes and with longer follow-up periods are needed to warrant current findings (The trial registration code: IRCT20130223012571N6; http://irct.ir/trial/12623 ). Trial registration Trial registration number: The trial was registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (registration code: IRCT20130223012571N6), URL: http://irct.ir/trial/12623 .

Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Eating Plan and Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults

Background/AimsDespite huge evidence on the link between adherence to dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) eating pattern and several metabolic abnormalities, the association of this diet with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not been investigated so far. We aim to examine the association between adherence to the DASH diet and prevalence of IBS symptoms and subtypes in adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was done among 3362 adult people in Isfahan, Iran. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 106-item dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate participants’ adherence to DASH-style diet, we created DASH score based on 8 main foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. Participants were classified into 3 categories according to their DASH-style diet scores. A validated modified Persian version of the Rome III questionnaire was applied for assessment of IBS.ResultsTotally, 22.2% of study participants were affected by IBS. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, we found that participants in the highest tertile of DASH score had lower odds of IBS (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.83) compared with those in the lowest tertile. The same findings were also reached for IBS with constipation (OR for the highest vs the lowest tertile of DASH-style diet = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38-0.85). No significant association was seen between adherence to DASH-style diet and IBS with diarrhea (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.83-2.06).ConclusionsWe found a significant inverse association between adherence to DASH dietary pattern and odds of IBS and IBS with constipation. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Adherence to the DASH dietary pattern is associated with blood pressure and anthropometric indicators in Mexican adults

Background: adherence to Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) has demonstrated to be effective in lowering blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk markers in different populations, but has never been evaluated in the Mexican population. Objective: to assess adherence to the DASH dietary pattern by using an adapted DASH adequacy index (DASH-AI), and to evaluate its association with cardiovascular risk markers in an adult Mexican population. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data of 1,490 adults aged 20-50 years. Diet was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire and sodium intake by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion; the DASH-AI score was calculated based on the DASH nutrient targets. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between the DASH-AI score and cardiovascular risk markers (body mass index [BMI], waist circumferences, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoproteins). Results: we observed an association of the DASH-AI score with BMI, WC and DBP in the linear (BMI, : -0.55, 95 % CI: -0.77, -0.33; WC, : -1.66, 95 % CI: -2.19, -1.13; DBP, : -0.65, 95 % CI: -1.07, -0.24), and logistic (BMI > 25 kg/m2, OR: 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.74, 0.93; elevated WC, OR: 0.72, 95 % CI: 0.64, 0.81; DBP, OR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.72, 0 .95) models. Conclusion: compliance to the DASH-style diet was inversely associated with BMI, WC and DBP in this Mexican population. Promoting adherence to this dietary pattern in the context of Mexican diet is needed to improve cardiovascular health in this population.

Association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating style and risk of sarcopenia

The association between habitual intake of the “dietary approaches to stop hypertension” (DASH) eating plan and sarcopenia has received limited attention. The present study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH dietary pattern and sarcopenia and its components including muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance among community-dwelling older adults population. This population-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2011 among 300 older people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥ 55 years, who were selected using cluster random sampling method. Dietary intake of study participants were examined by the use of a Block-format 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The DASH score was constructed based on eight main foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. All components of sarcopenia was measured using standard protocols and sarcopenia was defined based on both former and new European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) guidelines. Mean age and BMI of study participants were 66.7 ± 7.7 years and 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. Totally, 31 individuals meet the criteria of EWGSOP2-sarcopenia. We found no significant association between adherence to the DASH diet and EWGSOP2-sarcopenia either before (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45–2.54) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.39–2.75). The same findings were obtained in the gender-stratified analyses (men: OR 2.29; 95% CI 0.39–13.29 and women: 0.75; 95% CI 0.23–2.45). In conclusion, we found that adherence to the DASH-style diet was not significantly associated with odds of sarcopenia. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) score and obesity phenotypes in children and adolescents

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity and its two important phenotypes, the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) are 10.9, 9.1, and 1.8%, respectively, among children and adolescents in Iran. Data on the link between diet quality indices and obesity phenotypes in children and adolescents is scarce. The present study aimed to assess the association of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score with MHO and MUO, as well as with cardiometabolic risk factors (RFs) in children and adolescents with excess weight.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 children and adolescents with excess weight aged 6–13 years, selected from primary schools of Tehran. The DASH score was determined based on eight components using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and physical activity levels were collected. MUO was classified based on two definitions: having 2 or more cardiometabolic RFs, or being insulin resistant determined by a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.16. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MUO phenotypes and cardiometabolic RFs in each tertile of the DASH score after adjustment for confounders.ResultsThe mean ± SD for age and DASH score was 9.3 ± 1.7 years and 24.0 ± 4.9, respectively. The prevalence of MUO was 62.2% based on RFs, and 43.4% based on HOMA-IR. Participants in the highest tertile of the DASH score had significantly decreased odds for MUO based on HOMA-IR (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28–0.87) compared with those in the lowest tertile, after adjustment for confounders. However, there were no associations between the DASH score and any of cardiometabolic RFs, or MUO based on RFs (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.38–1.20).ConclusionThe DASH score was inversely associated with MUO based on HOMA-IR, but not associated with MUO based on cardiometabolic RFs in this sample of children and adolescents. A DASH-style diet may have favourable effects on insulin sensitivity among children and adolescents with excess weight. Universal definitions for MHO/MUO are required, and longitudinal studies recommended to shed light upon this subject.

Adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style Diet in Relation to Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study

Maternal diet is an important potential factor associated with the risk of preeclampsia. However, it is unclear whether adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet can reduce the development of preeclampsia. To examine the potential association, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China. A total of 449 cases with preeclampsia and 449 controls were studied. Dietary information was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DASH scores were calculated according to nutrients/food emphasised or minimised in the DASH diet. The calculated DASH scores ranged from 11 to 38 for all of the participants, and the DASH scores of the cases were significantly lower than those of the controls (23.48 ± 4.58 vs 24.51 ± 4.51; p = 0.001). Participants in the fourth quartile of the DASH score were 45% less likely to have preeclampsia than those in the first quartile in the crude model (Q4 vs Q1, odds ratio [OR]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38, 0.80; ptrend = 0.001). The relationship remained significant in the model adjusted for multiple confounders, especially for major risk factors of preeclampsia (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.78; ptrend = 0.001). Our findings suggest an inverse relationship between adherence to a DASH-style diet and the odds of preeclampsia. Further larger-scale cohort studies or randomised controlled trials are warranted to confirm these relationships.

Adherence to a Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Style in Relation to Daytime Sleepiness.

BackgroundThe beneficial impact of adherence to a DASH diet on several metabolic conditions and psychological well-being has been shown previously. Dietary modification can affect sleep quality. Thus, the aim of this present study was to investigate the correlation between adherence to the DASH diet and daytime sleepiness score in adolescent girls.MethodsA total of 535 adolescent girls aged between 12 and 18 years old were recruited from different regions of Khorasan Razavi in northeastern of Iran, using a random cluster sampling method. DASH scores were determined according to the method of Fung et al. A Persian translation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS-IR) was used to assess of daytime sleepiness. To investigate the correlation between DASH-style diet and daytime sleepiness score, we applied logistic regression analysis in crude and adjusted models.ResultsAs may be expected, participants with the greatest adherence to the DASH diet had significantly higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, fish and nuts, and lower consumption of refined grains, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets. There was an inverse correlation between adherence to the DASH-style diet and scores for daytime sleepiness in crude model (β= −0.12; P=0.005). These findings were remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables (β= −0.08 P=0.04).ConclusionThere is an inverse correlation between adherence to DASH diet and daytime sleepiness score. Further studies, particularly longitudinal studies, are required to determine whether dietary intervention may improve daytime sleepiness.

Nutrimetabolomics reveals food-specific compounds in urine of adults consuming a DASH-style diet

Although health benefits of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet are established, it is not understood which food compounds result in these benefits. We used metabolomics to identify unique compounds from individual foods of a DASH-style diet and determined if these Food-Specific Compounds (FSC) are detectable in urine from participants in a DASH-style dietary study. We also examined relationships between urinary compounds and blood pressure (BP). Nineteen subjects were randomized into 6-week controlled DASH-style diet interventions. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed on 24-hour urine samples collected before and after each intervention and on 12 representative DASH-style foods. Between 66–969 compounds were catalogued as FSC; for example, 4-hydroxydiphenylamine was found to be unique to apple. Overall, 13–190 of these FSC were detected in urine, demonstrating that these unmetabolized food compounds can be discovered in urine using metabolomics. Although linear mixed effects models showed no FSC from the 12 profiled foods were significantly associated with BP, other endogenous and food-related compounds were associated with BP (N = 16) and changes in BP over time (N = 6). Overall, this proof of principle study demonstrates that metabolomics can be used to catalog FSC, which can be detected in participant urine following a dietary intervention.

DASH-Style Diet- Why Should Urologist Care?

DASH-Style Diet- Why Should Urologist Care?

Dietary pattern analysis among stone formers: resemblance to a DASH-style diet.

Recent epidemiological studies have shown that dietary patterns may have a more persistent impact on the risk of stone formation than single nutrients of the diet. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), a low-sodium and fruits/vegetables-rich diet, has been associated with a lower risk of nephrolithiasis, due to altered urinary biochemistry. This observational study aimed to investigate whether the dietary pattern of stone formers (SF) resembled a DASH-diet and its influence on urinary lithogenic parameters. Anthropometric data, fasting serum sample, 24-h urine samples, and a 3-day food intake record under an unrestricted diet were obtained from 222 SF and compared with 136 non-SF subjects (controls). The DASH-diet food portions were determined from the food records whereas intakes of sodium chloride (NaCl) and protein (protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance, PNA) were estimated from 24-hr urinary sodium and urea. A dietary profile close to a DASH-diet was not observed in any of the groups. NaCl intake and PNA were significantly higher in SF versus non-SF (12.0 ± 5.2 v.s. 10.1 ± 3.4 g/day, p = 0.01 and 1.8 ± 0.1 v.s. 1.4 ± 0.1 g/kg/day, p = 0.03). SF exhibited a positive correlation of NaCl intake and PNA with urinary calcium, oxalate and uric acid, and of PNA with urinary sodium. SF consumed more vegetables and legumes, but less fruits and low-fat dairy items than non-SF. The present series presented a dietary profile characterized by low calcium and high salt and protein contents, not reflecting an ideal DASH-style diet pattern.