Dark Forest Research Articles

Singing a Great Dream: The Revolutionary Songs and Life of Khusiram Pakhrin

Singing a Great Dream: The Revolutionary Songs and Life of Khusiram Pakhrin

Formation of potato seed of Evpatiy variety with the use of different doses of mineral fertilizers and timings of top mowing

Relevance. One of the key tasks in the cultivation of seed potatoes is to obtain the optimal level of yield, the quantitative output of the standard fraction of seed tubers and ensure the quality of seed potatoes at the level of regulatory requirements of the standards set for the respective seed categories. In order to obtain a quality seed, it is necessary to form such a crop that its structure had the largest amount of seed standard fraction of tubers, and plants were less affected by viral infection. Methods. Studies on the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of the mowing of top on the output of seed potatoes of the variety Evpatiy were conducted in 2018–2020 on the experimental fields of ISA. The technology of cultivation of the new variety was studied in the crop rotation: peas — winter wheat + runchweed — potatoes — spring wheat. The area of experiment is 0,25 hectares, the accounting area is 10 m2, the repetition is fourfold. Soil of the site: dark gray forest heavily sougly; humus content 4.7%, potassium — 18,4 mg/100 g of soil, phosphorus — 22,3 mg/100 g of soil; soil pH 5,0. Experiment scheme: introduction of mineral fertilizers before planting and mowing top after flowering: N96P96К96 — 30 days, N96P96К96 — 45 days and N128P128К128 — 30 days, N128P128К128 — 45 days.Results. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N96P96К96 before planting and mowing tops 30 days after flowering, a tuber yield of 30.8 t/ha was obtained, with a yield of seed tubers of 37.3%. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N96P96К96 and mowing of tops 45 days after flowering, a tuber yield of 34.8 t/ha was obtained, with a yield of seed tubers of 42.2%. The use of mineral fertilizers with a rate of consumption N128P128К128 before planting and mowing tops 30 days after flowering contributed to the yield of tubers of 34.3 t/ha, with a yield of seed tubers of 45.6%. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N128P128К128 before planting and mowing tops 45 after flowering a tuber yield of 36.7 t/ha was obtained with a yield of seed tubers of 42.2%.

The effect of weather conditions on the spring barley variety ‘Yaromir’ and its productivity in the Ryazan region

The current study was carried out in 2017–2021 in the Competitive Variety Testing on the basis of the ISPA of the FSBSI “FRAC VIM”. The soil of the experimental plot was dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium fertility. The hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation periods differed significantly in terms of the mean daily air temperature and the sum of effective temperatures, and the amount of precipitation. The years of 2018 and 2021 were characterized with very dry conditions with HThC of 0.51–0.64. The years of 2017, 2019 were arid with HThC of 0.72–0.85. The years of 2020 was humid, with a moisture coefficient of 1.34. The purpose of the current study was to establish the effect of weather conditions of the Ryazan region on the interstage periods, the yield structure and productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Yaromir’. There has been found a correlation between the length of vegetation period with the amount of precipitation and HThC in the interstage periods of ‘germination-tillering’ (r = +0.571 and r = +0.607, respectively), ‘tillering-coming into ear’ (r = +0.735 and r = +0.655, respectively) and ‘filling-ripening’ (r = +0.881 and r = +0.967, respectively). Strong positive correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and the yield structure elements of the variety, namely ‘number of productive stems per 1 m2 ’ (r = +0.969), ‘productive tilling capacity’ (r = +0.947), ‘plant height’ (r = +0.827). Mean correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and ‘length of head’ (r = +0.562) and ‘number of kernels per head’ (r = +0.453). Negative mean correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and ‘1000-kernel weight’ (r = -0.654). There has been established that the average daily air temperature of the vegetation period had no effect on the formation of the yield structure elements of this variety. There have been identified average correlations between ‘sum of effective temperatures’ and ‘productive tillering’ (r = +0.352) and ‘length of head’ (r = +0.538). Weather conditions did not have a significant effect on grain productivity of the variety. There has been noted a slight effect of precipitation and HThC in the period ‘tillering-coming into ear’. The minimum variation in the productivity over the years (Cv = 3.5%) and revealing 95.1% of productivity potential indicates that this variety is characterized by stable productivity and adaptability to the weather conditions of this region.

Effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat varieties in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem Region

The studies were carried out in order to identify the responsiveness of five varieties of spring wheat to the variants with applying mineral fertilizers and to study the specific features of the formation of elements of the yield structure. The work was carried out in 2019-2021 on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil in the Ryazan region. The experiment scheme was: N0P0K0 (control); N64P64K64; N64P64K64 + N30; N64P64K64 + N30+ N15. Over the years of the research, the yield in the experiment varied from 2.45 to 5.57 t/ha, depending on the growing conditions, mineral fertilizers and variety. The use of the mineral background N64P64K64 contributed to a significant increase in the productivity of varieties by 1.02-1.69 t/ha. The most responsive to the improvement of the background of mineral nutrition were varieties Maestro, Arsey and Agata, the yield increased by 48, 42 and 39 %, respectively, in comparison with the control. All varieties, with the exception of Maestro, reacted positively to nitrogen fertilization in the tillering phase (N30), increasing the yield by 0.48-0.62 t/ha. The supplementary nitrogen of RIMA, Lada, and Agata varieties was used in the best way; the addition of N64P64K64 to the background was 15, 12, and 11 %, respectively. It was revealed that under the influence of additional nitrogen (N30) in varieties, the plant stand increased by 7.3-11.2 %, the number of spikelets – by 1.3-4.7 %, the number of grains ‒ by 0.3-12.3 %, grain weight per ear ‒ by 0.9-21.4 %. The use of the second fertilizing with nitrogen in the booting phase (N15) led to a decrease in productivity, especially in Lada and Arsey varieties ‒ by 7.9-9.5 %. Variety Maestro proved to be indifferent to nitrogen fertilizing. The data obtained will be used in the adjustment of varietal technologies for the cultivation of spring wheat.

Evaluation of varieties of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) collection according to agronomic traits

The paper presents the results of 2018-2020 research on the study of 248 Russian and foreign varieties of the collection of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in order to identify promising ones with a complex of agronomic traits for developing new varieties adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the hop-growing regions of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil. Sixty hop varieties in the early-ripening, mid-early and mid-ripening groups with the yields above 26.3 c/ha (weighing more than 3.5 kg of raw cones from one bush) were identified. High-yielding varieties prevailed in the mid-ripening group of the collection (67 %). The adaptability of the collection varieties to natural and climatic conditions was evaluated on the third, fourth and fifth years of the hop plantings (in three tabs). There have been identified six varieties, which in some years of growing exceeded the control variety Podvyazny according to adaptability coefficients (1.23-1.23-1.15): early-ripening English variety Golden Star (1.58-1.37-1.03); mid-early Russian variety Zvenigovsky (1.72-1.16-1.07); mid-ripening Russian variety Serebryanka Kalistovskaya (1.47-1.28-1.17), Guslitsky (1.50-1.26-1.23), Ukrainian Kruglyak-Seryak (1.76-1.44-1.18), Group 4 (1.80-1.80-1.31). The most consistently high results were shown by Group 4, Guslitsky, Kruglyak-Seryak. High-resinous varieties with a high content of alpha acids belonging to different types of hops were noted specifically. According to the complex of agronomic traits and resistance to false powdery mildew, 19 collection varieties have been identified.

Spatial analysis of genetic variation in a natural population of the dark forest bee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.) from the Southern Urals (Russia)

ABSTRACT The study objective was to estimate the genetic structure of the aboriginal honeybee population of Apis mellifera mellifera from the Southern Urals (Russia). We identified in 56 wild and 93 managed colonies two spatially separated haplotypes of the mitochondrial locus COI-COII. Some individuals (17.5%) were represented by the invaded subspecies haplotype. Positive significant autocorrelation and a spatial genetic structure were observed at distance of 0–15 km on alleles of nine microsatellite loci. We did not find a difference in the admixture in the nuclear genes for individuals of alternative haplotypes, which proves a strong introgression process. Considering these results, we recommend reinforced measures to conserve this population.

The Study of Translation Variation in The Dark Forest from the Perspective of Consciously Creative Treason

“Creative treason” is a major view in translation studies, and is divided into consciously creative treason and unconsciously creative treason. From the perspective of consciously creative treason, the paper studies translation variation in English version of The Dark Forest, and focuses on compilation, abridged translation and rewriting. Thus, we come to the conclusion that the preeminent translation skills of the translator help the spread of the English version.

A review of monotreme (Monotremata) evolution

Advances in dating and systematics have prompted a revision of monotreme evolution to refine the timing of adaptative trends affecting body size and craniodental morphology. The oldest known monotreme, Teinolophos trusleri, is restricted to uppermost Barremian deposits of the Strzelecki Group in Victoria, Australia. Its body mass is estimated at ∼40 g, making it the smallest known monotreme. Teinolophos trusleri likely possessed an electro-sensitive and/or mechano-sensitive ‘bill’ or ‘beak’, which we suggest evolved for insectivory in seasonally dark Early Cretaceous polar forests. During the early Albian–mid-Cenomanian, monotremes diversified in Australia and evolved body masses greater than 4 kg, becoming amongst the largest Mesozoic mammals. A gap of 35 million years subsequently separates the youngest Mesozoic monotremes from the oldest Cenozoic monotreme, Monotrematum sudamericanum, which is a Paleocene stem ornithorhynchid from southern South America. We also hypothesize that tachyglossids originated in Melanesia, perhaps on the emergent Vogelkop landmass, and then dispersed to Australia during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Finally, we present a classification of Monotremata to include five families—Teinolophidae fam. nov., Kollikodontidae, Steropodontidae, Ornithorhynchidae, and Tachyglossidae. We also propose a new genus, Murrayglossus gen. nov. for a gigantic Pleistocene echidna from southwestern Western Australia. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E39E2644-DADD-49F4-B2B7-47A25C072B07 Timothy F. Flannery [tim.flannery@textpublishing.com.au], Kristofer M. Helgen [Kris.Helgen@Australian.Museum], Australian Museum, 1 William St Sydney 2000, Australia; Thomas H. Rich [trich@museum.vic.gov.au], Tim Ziegler [tziegler@museum.vic.gov.au], Museums Victoria, PO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; Patricia Vickers-Rich [pat.rich@monash.edu; prich@swin.edu.au], School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Swinburne University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Elizabeth Grace Veatch [elizabeth.veatch@gmail.com], National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.

Praca na materii i duchu, czyli co się stało w Ciemnym Lesie

The essay is based on interpretation of the Dark Forest, the most important play by Andrzej Stasiuk. In the world of this grotesque-futuristic drama, the author of the sketch found a representation of a paradoxical mechanism, which consists in taking power over Western societies by the inhabitants of the East – previously employed as cheap labour or forced to slave labour. In this play the revolutionary mechanism is shown on the example of relations between Germans and Poles. The Germans are a nation of wealthy and long-lived people, but unable to do any work and internally sterile, and thus exposed to the displacement by nations such as Poles – ambitious, hardworking, ready to gain the power. The revolution in the Dark Forest takes place as a result of the sudden death of one of the gastarbeiter working in the forest belonging to the German owners and the arrival of the deceased man’s attractive wife. According to the author of the essay, these two events: the tragedy and the farce, trigger forces that have not been present in the heroes so far. The first is the symbolic strength of Thanatos and the forgotten funeral ritual associated with death, the second is the strength of Eros. Death gives the lives of people harnessed in great civilization processes a dramatic dimension, individualizes them and empowers as persons potentially capable of higher feelings. Love and desire, on the other hand, restore the vitality of the Germans, and give the Poles an unforeseen form of power over them (and also over the Chinese, who are pressing from the East). Jacek Kopciński argues that the Dark Forest in the play is not only a place where organic matter is processed, but also an internal metamorphosis of the protagonists who, in a sterilized, materialized world, experience substitutes for forgotten holiness, and through desire – they come to life.

Данте как «учитель жизни»: Франко Нембрини и о. Георгий Чистяков о Данте

The article examines the phenomenon of Dante’s impact on the modern reader. The author of the article claims that the main reason for Dante’s continuing allure despite the seven centuries that have elapsed since his day and the considerable complexity of his chef d’oeuvre Divine Comedy is the fact that he addresses all readers and their personalities, on the one hand, and the notion of the poet as a prophet and an existential teacher, on the other. The article examines the literary principles and techniques used by Dante to carry out his mission of an “existential teacher” for new generations of readers. To illustrate this thesis, the author analyzes two recent books about Dante written by the Italian pedagogue Franco Nembrini and the Russian philologist, historian and priest Fr. Georgy Chistyakov, who perceived Dante in a very similar way as an existential teacher and his Divine Comedy as an inexhaustible source of human stories and situations that help the reader to make the right choice and as a guide to life that saves one from getting lost in the “dark forest” and that remains topical in all times.

The Future Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Mythical Agents, a Singleton and the Dark Forest

The Future Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Mythical Agents, a Singleton and the Dark Forest

Shedding Light in the Dark Forest: A Theory of Liability For Cryptocurrency "MEV" Sandwich Attacks

Shedding Light in the Dark Forest: A Theory of Liability For Cryptocurrency "MEV" Sandwich Attacks

Оценка генофонда темной лесной пчелы Apis mellifera mellifera в биосферном резервате «Башкирский Урал»

The gene pool of the native population of the dark forest bee Apis mellifera mellifera is gradually being lost due to spontaneous introgressive hybridization with bees of the southern subspecies, which are imported into the forest and forest-steppe zones for commercial beekeeping. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of preserving the gene pool of the dark forest bee A. m. mellifera in the biosphere reserve "Bashkir Urals" using genetic markers. It has been shown that the Q variant of the mtDNA of the COI-COII locus, which characterizes the southern subspecies of bees, occurs with an insignificant frequency in bee colonies on the territory of the Bashkir Urals Biosphere Reserve. The PQQ variant of the locus COI-COII mtDNA occurs with a high frequency in bees nesting in natural and artificial nest in tree trunks. The proportion of the Q mitotype is significantly higher in apiaries, as well as in natural and artificial nest in tree trunks in areas of the reserve without a strict protection regime. When using nine microsatellite loci, a tendency to an increase in allelic diversity in local populations with a higher occurrence of the Q mitotype was revealed. Based on the identified patterns, strategies are proposed to improve measures to preserve the gene pool of the population of the dark forest bee A. m. mellifera.

Gene pool hybridisation in the burzyan population of the dark forest honey bee in the state natural biosphere reserve "Shulgan-tash"

Gene pool hybridisation in the burzyan population of the dark forest honey bee in the state natural biosphere reserve "Shulgan-tash"

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА ТЁМНО-СЕРЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВ СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОЙ ВОЗВЫШЕННОСТИ

The article discusses the main regularities of the formation of the microelement composition of the dark gray forest soils of the Stavropol Hill. It has been established that the microelement composition of soils is formed under special conditions of the course of soil-forming processes: with a periodically flushed type of water regime, an oxidizing environment in the soil profile, the influx of organic residues with a high content of bases, and the predominance of humic acids in the humus composition. The development of a system of soil compounds of microelements occurs against the background of humus formation, humus accumulation, clay formation, weakened carbonate leaching to the lower part of the soil profile, partial loessage, illuviation. In the soil profile of dark gray forest soils, several geochemical barriers are formed, on which microelements are fixed: biogeochemical, alkaline, and sorption. The main phases-carriers of microelements in dark gray forest soils are organomineral complexes, secondary aluminosilicates of the montmorillonite group. The role of ferruginous minerals in fixing trace elements is weakened due to the low intensity of oxidogenesis processes.

Продуктивность подсолнечника в зависимости от уровня минерального питания в условиях Рязанской области

The article offers research on the study of mineral nutrition levels on sunflower productivity in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The objects of research are guy-brides VA-306, Samanta, Poseidon 625 variety. It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in sunflower crops at a dose of N120P60K60 contributes to an increase in the basic biometric indicators of plants, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the yield of oilseeds. On average, over the years of research, 2.4-3.1 tons of oilseeds were obtained from 1 hectare. The highest productivity was observed in variants with the Poseidon 625 variety. Keywords: SUNFLOWER, DARK GRAY FOREST SOIL, MINERAL NUTRITION LEVEL, YIELD, OIL CONTENT

The Current State of the Protected Apis mellifera mellifera Population in Russia: Hybridization and Nosematosis.

Simple SummaryThe Southern Ural Mountains are a habitat for one of the remaining populations of the dark forest bees Apis mellifera mellifera. Using molecular genetic methods, we have established that there are processes of hybridization of this population with subspecies from the evolutionary lineage C. In addition, some colonies are affected by nosematosis. Therefore, it is necessary to take urgent measures to preserve this population.The Southern Urals of Russia are the habitat of one of the surviving populations of the dark forest bee—the Burzyan population of Apis mellifera mellifera. In this study, we present the results of the subspecies identification of bee colonies in the Altyn-Solok Nature Reserve in the Southern Ural Mountains using the intergenic mtDNA COI-COII locus and the assessment of the prevalence of nosematosis. Analysis of the mtDNA COI-COII intergenic locus in the studied sample showed that 30.4% of the colonies belong to the lineage C. The PCR diagnostics of nosematosis in 92 colonies selected from different sectors of the Altyn-Solok Nature Reserve showed that about half of the analyzed colonies were infected with Nosema apis. Nosema ceranae was found in eight colonies. Both of these factors can lead to the extinction of this population of the dark forest bee.

Эффективность способов основной обработки серой лесной почвы в звене севооборота при производстве семян яровых рапса и сурепицы

The article offers studies to determine the effectiveness of processing methods for the productivity of spring rapeseed and surepitsa on the dark gray forest soil of the Ryazan region. As a result, it was revealed that the maximum intensity of decomposition of flax tissue was recorded in the steam link of the crop rotation using the dump method of basic tillage for oilseed cabbage crops. The maximum yield of rapeseed was observed on the variant of the steam link of crop rotation + dump processing (31.3 c / ha), in the surepitsa (25.6 c/ha). A high increase in oilseeds in this variant is 4.7 c / ha, where the NSR05 factor with 0.97 c / ha relative to the minimum basic tillage was recorded in 2015. In the experiment, the trends of increasing the yield of oilseeds of spring rapeseed and surepitsa in the fallow link of the crop rotation relative to the row crop are revealed. The maximum oil content of rapeseed was noted in the rowed link of crop rotation during milling tillage (47.6%); in surepitsa – in the rowed link of crop rotation also during milling (45.1%). Keywords: SPRING RAPESEED, SPRING SUREPITSA, DARK GRAY FOREST SOIL, TILLAGE, YIELD, OIL CONTENT

Dante’s claims in and around Paradiso 25

The extraordinary claims that Dante makes in cantos 24–26 of Paradiso with regard to both his theoretical knowledge and his actual ‘possession’ of the three theological virtues – Faith, Hope and Charity – do not seem to be entirely consistent with the story of a character who, only a few days earlier, was struggling in the dark forest and about to succumb to intellectual bewilderment and moral straying. Why else was that character so close to spiritual death if not because he lacked those virtues which he now claims to know so profoundly and hold in supreme measure? This paper argues first, that Dante here transcends any distinction that may operate elsewhere in the poem between Dante as character, narrator and author; second, that his claims make sense in the context of his circumstances at the time when he composed cantos 24–26 of Paradiso, i.e. on or just before 1320, twenty years after the fictional date of his journey to the Otherworld; and third, that he is likely to have made such claims in order to preempt any attack on himself, his poem and his mission as theologian, prophet and reformer of the Church.

The Discovery of Endoplasmic Reticulum Storage Disease. The Connection between an H&E Slide and the Brain.

The revolutionary evolution in science and technology over the last few decades has made it possible to face more adequately three main challenges of modern medicine: changes in old diseases, the appearance of new diseases, and diseases that are unknown (mostly genetic), despite research efforts. In this paper we review the road travelled by pathologists in search of a method based upon the use of routine instruments and techniques which once were available for research only. The application to tissue studies of techniques from immunology, molecular biology, and genetics has allowed dynamic interpretations of biological phenomena with special regard to gene regulation and expression. That implies stepwise investigations, including light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, electron microscopy, molecular histopathology, protein crystallography, and gene sequencing, in order to progress from suggestive features detectable in routinely stained preparations to more characteristic, specific, and finally, pathognomonic features. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained preparations and appropriate immunohistochemical stains have enabled the recognition of phenotypic changes which may reflect genotypic alterations. That has been the case with hepatocytic inclusions detected in H&E-stained preparations, which appeared to correspond to secretory proteins that, due to genetic mutations, were retained within the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and were deficient in plasma. The identification of this phenomenon affecting the molecules alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen has led to the discovery of a new field of cell organelle pathology, endoplasmic reticulum storage disease(s) (ERSD). Over fifty years, pathologists have wandered through a dark forest of complicated molecules with strange conformations, and by detailed observations in simple histopathological sections, accompanied by a growing background of molecular techniques and revelations, have been able to recognize and identify arrays of grotesque polypeptide arrangements.