Dangerous Phenomena Research Articles

Catastrophic Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Complications Following Corrosive Ingestion

Ingestion of caustic substances, either acidic or alkali, is a well-known cause of significant mortality and morbidity in the pediatric and adult populations. According to the pH, physical form, amount, and rate of ingestion of these substances, a wide range of immediate as well as possible subsequent chronic complications can result. Some patients may have minimal to mild symptoms. However, others can present with moderate or even serious symptoms, in the form of dysphagia, odynophagia, hoarseness, and epigastric pain. Herein we present a case of a 26-year-old male patient with a history of Nitric acid ingestion. He initially complained of severe chest and abdominal pain, associated with hematemesis, dysphagia, odynophagia, hypersalivation, and inability to tolerate oral intake. Initial Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed diffuse mucosal ulceration reaching the second part of the duodenum. Multiple subsequent EGDs revealed more extensive damage and subsequent esophageal stricture and pyloric stenosis for which multiple dilatation attempts were done. The patient received extensive supportive management during his hospitalization course, but the damage was severe enough that he was referred for surgical management. Such catastrophic sequels of caustic ingestion are still encountered, especially in developing countries. We present this case looking forward to raising awareness about this dangerous phenomenon and highlighting the significance of immediate identification and grading of the injury.

Crisis communication during the Covid-19 pandemic

Crisis communication is an important element in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. It allows for efficient exchange of information between the government and society. The crisis situation caused by Sars-CoV-2 has a negative impact on human life and health as well as on the information environment. Institutions and specially appointed teams responsible for providing information are obliged to provide reliable information based on expert knowledge. A dangerous phenomenon is disinformation, which, combined with the pandemic, may cause an increase in the crisis situation and the risks associated with it. Crisis communication based on principles and goals will lead to overcoming the effect of panic, fear and ignorance among the public.

Optimization-Based Mitigation Techniques of the Temporary Overvoltage in Large Offshore Wind Farm

Overvoltage transient is the major danger facing large offshore wind farms, as it may lead to a complete failure of the system components. A 150 MW offshore wind farm was modeled using the ATP-EMTP package to analyze the effect of the temporary overvoltage resulting from de-energization conditions, and the ferro resonance phenomenon resulting from the asymmetric opening of circuit breaker pole(s). The results showed that the best scenario to shut down such a system from the grid with minimum values of temporary overvoltage is to disconnect it, feeder, by a feeder. The stuck of one or more poles during the opening operation of the circuit breaker is a dangerous phenomenon, as it induces a high overvoltage value, which lasts for a long time causing more electric stress on the sensitive components of the system. The use of the Pre-Insertion Resistor PIR was recommended as a mitigation technique for the temporary overvoltage in large offshore wind farms, as it proves a significant reduction in the overvoltage values reaches to 79.44 % compared to surge arrester and shunt reactor which reduce the over voltage by 68.33%, 66.29% respectively. The genetic algorithm was used to find the optimum value of the PIR and shunt reactor that leads to the minimum TOV. The optimum value of PIR which was recorded is equal to 57.352 Ohm, which leads to more reduction in the overvoltage value by 9.67%. Also, the optimum values of the resistor and inductor of the shunt reactor were found to be 11.238 Ohms and 37.246 mH which leads to more reduction in the overvoltage value by 21.97% compared to the reduction without optimization.

Czech teens’ experiences with sexting on Instagram

The text focuses on dangerous phenomena in communication via online platforms. It defines the key terms for this area and informs about the selected research conducted in the Czech Republic. In our own research, we focused on the issue of teenage sexting on a specific communication platform - Instagram. This platform is very popular among Czech teenagers, as it is worldwide. The platform very often ranks among the top 3 most popular platforms, it allows sending and sharing both text and graphic messages - pictures, gifs and video sequences. In 2021, we conducted an online research survey among nearly 3,500 respondents aged 15 - 20. We were interested in whether and to what extent the respondents have experienced sexting, what is the ratio of male to female recipients of sexting or sexual content, who is the most frequent sender of sexting content etc. We were also interested in the topic of safety in social networks. The results of the survey then show a greater need to promote information literacy, computational thinking and safe behavior on social networks as well as safe use of ICT.

Research on Policies and Mechanisms That Can Streamline the Process of Transition to Green Energy and Achieving Climate Change-related Targets

Climate change is a dangerous phenomenon that humanity is currently facing and is a direct result of increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The European Union, as a global leader in combating climate change, has an important role to play in international efforts to reduce CO2 emissions as well as to reduce the impact of climate change, by creating and implementing mechanisms aimed to deliver climate change direction by establishing a path towards climate neutrality and supporting this transition to green energy. The objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the main tools that can streamline the process of transition to green energy and achieving climate targets associated with climate change. In this sense, the comparative analysis is used which aims to understand the need to implement these international mechanisms, being based on the presentation of strategies that can be used to stimulate the global transition to a neutral economy in terms of climate impact.

ՏՐԱՆՍՊՈՐՏԱՅԻՆ ՈՒՂԻՆԵՐԻ ԽՈՑԵԼԻՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՏԱՐԵՐԱՅԻՆ ԱՂԵՏՆԵՐԻՑ ԵՎ ՆՐԱՆՑ ԹՈՂՈՒՆԱԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՊԱՀՈՎՈՒՄԸ

The article attempts to present the current situation associated with a group of dangerous geological phenomenon that threaten the safety of the transport routes of the Republic of Armenia, using the example of surface displacement phenomenon caused by gravitational forces. As a result of the research, it was revealed that scientifically based economic activity can reduce the negative impact of these processes, contributing to the sustainable development of the country. A set of measures is proposed to ensure the safety of transport routes from these dangerous phenomenon.

Predlog nacionalne strategije za suprotstavljanje korupciji formiranjem antikorupcijskog tima

The security crisis, in a broader sense, which is noticeable on a national, regional and planetary level, is an incentive for science to highlight problems and generate proposals for establishing balance in society. The challenges facing the Republic of Serbia will not be eliminated by the passive attitude of the state in the face of the ramifications of socially dangerous phenomena. In this direction, one of the most destructive destructive phenomena is corruption. Qualified as a serious crime, corruption causes the breakdown of society, intolerance towards eradication, creating resistance to defining action plans for its neutralization. The strategic plan at the national level requires the formation of a steel working group in a silk suit, conspiratorial action in its detection, prevention and elimination as a phenomenon.

Designing a Computer Simulation Model to Study the Failure Mechanism in Rotating Shaft

The phenomenon of the failure of rotating mechanical structures is considered one of the dangerous phenomena that researchers are trying to study to find effective ways to avoid it. Many mathematical models describing the mechanism of crack formation in structures and the occurrence of failure in them have been adopted. In this paper, a computer simulation model of the failure mechanism in the intermediate conduction shaft of the ship's propeller (oil shuttle tanker) was designed based on the mathematical model that describes the stages of failure according to the number of revolutions that the shaft bears and the dimensions of fatigue cracks in it. In the beginning, a detailed mathematical model of the crack propagation mechanism was deduced as an initial stage, through which the differential equations that express the failure of the shaft were described. In the second stage, numerical simulations were implemented using the Euler and Rung-Kutta numerical methods used in solving ordinary differential equations. Also, for both methods using the Matlab language to reach the results and accurate graphs and analyze them. In this way it is possible to predict the number of cycles that the column will bear before the collapse, and this will reduce the occurrence of sudden collapses and save time, effort, and costs.

«Денежные воры» в России: об истории развития фальшивомонетничества в Курской губернии во второй половине XIX – начале XX века. По архивным материалам

The study and analysis of archival documents allows the authors to conclude that in the Kursk gubernia of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century there acted solitary criminals, producing and distributing counterfeit money independently, as well as criminal groups. Source base of the study is materials of the State Archive of the Kursk Region and those of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The following methods have been used in the research: chronological, comparative-legal, method of synthesis, analysis and systematization. The study is to determine the specifics of the development of counterfeiting in the Kursk gubernia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century. The novelty of the study is due to introduction of previously unused archival materials and use of comprehensive approach. The first counterfeiters appeared in the Russian state simultaneously with single monetary system formation. As this socially dangerous phenomenon developed, a mechanism was created to counteract the counterfeiting trade. It included legal and organizational measures. In the Council Code (Sobornoye Ulozheniye) of 1649 there was a chapter devoted entirely to protection of coins from forgery. Counterfeiting in Russia gained momentum in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century in the heyday of professional crime, when a tight-knit and well-consolidated “caste” of professional criminals was formed, including criminal community of professional counterfeiters. In the Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishments of 1845, forgery of a “exterior minted” coin was cited, tools and methods of counterfeiting banknotes were detailed. The Criminal Code of 1903 prohibited manufacture and sale of counterfeit money on professional basis (as a livelihood). Legal measures against counterfeiting were supplemented by organizational ones, such as creation of the Special Archive of Certificates on Cases of Manufacture and Sale of Counterfeit Money at the St. Petersburg District Court, and by educational work among the population on ways to recognize genuine money. However, counterfeiting was developing not only in major cities of the empire, but also in the Russian provinces, as numerous archival data proves. Counterfeit banknotes, as a rule, were passed off in urban areas (for example, in Oboyan, Kursk), which allowed criminals to evade criminal prosecution for a long time. Both paper money and coins were subject to falsification. They were produced by drawing, printing, coinage copying, casting, changing the ratio of precious and base metals in coin alloy. Special devices were often used to manufacture counterfeit money. However, the counterfeiters were not professionals of their craft, and thus counterfeit money were easily detected and recognized by law enforcement officers and population.

School Shooting in Educational Institutions as a Particularly Dangerous Phenomenon of Modernity, Prevention and Counteraction to Unmotivated Terrorist Actions

School Shooting in Educational Institutions as a Particularly Dangerous Phenomenon of Modernity, Prevention and Counteraction to Unmotivated Terrorist Actions

The Territorial Debris Flow Early Warning System of Piemonte (North-western Italy)

Debris flows are one of the most frequent and dangerous phenomena affecting the Alpine environment; they are responsible of 36% of casualties due to gravitational phenomena in the Italian Alps during the last century. In the Western Italian Alps (Piemonte, Italy) a Territorial Debris Flow Early Warning System (Te-DFEWS) aimed to forecast and predict the occurrence of sediment mass-transport has been developed, based on the characterization of small Alpine catchments (< 50 km2) and the processes that take place in these. The Te-DFWES is based on the identification of predisposing and triggering factors that determinate debris flow occurrence. The Te-DFEWS operates from 2010 in present-time and nowcasting using weather radar observations as input data. Recently (2021), the Te-DFEWS has been improved extending the forecasting window (up to 48h from simulation) by the introduction of Quantitative Precipitation Estimate/Forecast (QPE/QPF) input from COSMO-2I and ICON-IT, local high-resolution weather models. The Te-DFEWS, named DEFENSE (DEbris Flows triggEred by storms - Nowcasting SystEm) and the related warning procedures are presented as an operational tool integrated in the Regional Warning System for Geo-hydrological and Hydraulic Risk at the Functional Centre of Piemonte, managed by the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Piemonte (Arpa Piemonte).

“The Anger of a Deity Dwelling in a Mountain”: the Specific Aspects of the Perception of Volcanic Eruptions in the Heian Japan

Volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and earthquakes are the most powerful forces on Earth. Scientists are trying to understand these dangerous phenomena, however, despite the increasing dominance of man over nature, they still confuse, frighten and depress human minds. Every year, volcanic activity (about 60 eruptions a year), typhoons and earthquakes cause destruction in many parts of the world and bring death to living beings. Most volcanoes are located in the zone of the Pacific Ring of Fire: a region around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, where lithospheric plates collide and form breaks, from which molten magma flows upward. Thick magma filled with gases provokes explosive eruptions. In ancient times, in different parts of the world, and Japan is no exception, natural disasters caused superstitious fear, and also were the object of admiration and religious worship. Despite the fact that natural anomalies in ancient and medieval Japan caused anxiety, they were also often seen as a foretoken of future misfortunes that could bring discord into the normal way of life. In those distant times, the natural and social orders were perceived as interrelated phenomena, and not a single unusual phenomenon of nature could remain undiscovered. In case of any manifestations of natural disorder, it was necessary to prevent or weaken any likely adverse consequences with the help of various prohibitive regulations as well as magic and ritual actions. This article is devoted to the specific perception of volcanic eruptions in the Heian era (mainly in the 9th century). In the conditions of numerous eruptions in at the territory of the Japanese archipelago and the inability to focus on Chinese political texts due to not so high volcanic activity in China, the Japanese political elite had to create their own algorithm for interpreting the causes of volcanic eruptions, which was based on native Japanese beliefs, where mountains were revered as sacred objects and often perceived as the abode of deities. The study is based on historical sources of various types: chronicles (“Nihon koki”, “Shoku Nihon koki”, “Nihon sandai jitsuroku”, “Nihon kiryaku”) and collections of act material (“Ruiju sandaikyaku”), as well as research literature, mainly in Japanese.

Methods of legalization (laundering) of property obtained by criminal means in cyberspace

The emergence and development of new financial and information technologies, the integration of national economic systems into the world economy, the expansion of economic ties both at the level of a separate state and at the supranational level significantly facilitate and even ensure the communication of criminals not only on the territory of a separate country, but also its limits. Technical innovations are undoubtedly changing the financial services industry, offering entirely new products aimed at making them easier to access, but new threats and vulnerabilities are emerging for the financial sector, such as cyber-attacks (internet fraud) or account manipulation.
 The relevance of the research topic is determined by the significant amount of criminal investments penetrating the legal economy, the commission of new criminal offenses, the use of new ways of committing criminal offenses in cyberspace, the involvement of an increasing number of people in criminal activities, the corruption of state officials, including those called fight crime. Money laundering harms the economic security and financial stability of Ukraine. The international nature of this type of criminal offenses complicates the detection and investigation of crimes, thereby creating a "financial basis" for criminal groups (organizations) to carry out illegal, including terrorist, activities.
 All efforts aimed at combating the legalization of proceeds of crime in cyberspace without creating an effective system to combat this phenomenon do not yield positive results. Therefore, combating the legalization of proceeds obtained through crime requires the study of the origin and ways of spreading this socially dangerous phenomenon, as well as proper legal protection, in accordance with international standards.

Analysis of the Flow Field at the Tip of an Axial Flow Compressor during Rotating Stall Process Based on the POD Method

Rotating stalls are one of the most dangerous phenomena to be avoided in the designing and operating of axial flow compressors. An understanding of the evolution of the flow characteristics around the rotor tip region is important to study the process of stall development. In this paper, some critical characteristics of the stall-related structures, which could not be observed by the traditional analysis methods, are understood by using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The detailed unsteady flow fields in a typical transonic axial flow compressor during the stall process are obtained by the validated numerical simulation. Thereafter, the proper orthogonal decomposition method, as a method for model reduction and decomposition, is adopted to extract the flow characteristics from the numerical results of the stall process. It is found that the flow characteristics during the stall process can be well decomposed by the POD method. The pre-stall POD results show that the important flow features can be extracted and revealed in the low-order modes, which are not obvious in the original flow field. When the stall cells are formed and developed, the flow characteristics are gradually determined by the modes, which are related to the features of the stall cells. When the compressor is operated under stable stall conditions, the low-order POD modes are composed of a series of harmonic modes, which are sinusoid-like in space and time with the frequency of the stall cell rotation.

To a criminological analysis of justification, recognition as legitimate or denial of armed aggression of the Russian Federation and glorification of its participants as a new challenge to the security of the information space of Ukraine

The article attempts to research and give a criminological assessment of the recently criminalized phenomenon of justification, recognition or denial of armed aggression of the Russian Federation and glorification of its participants (Article 4362 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), which is new for the legal field of Ukraine. It is proven that such actions of the perpetrators are a serious challenge to the security of the country's information space, especially in the conditions of the active phase of the Ukrainian people's resistance to Russian aggression. In addition, a forecast was made regarding the future state of this dangerous phenomenon.

Features of the qualification of fraud in cyberspace, the means of committing which are virtual assets

Purpose. The purpose of the work is a criminal-legal analysis of fraud as a criminal offense in cyberspace, the means of which are virtual assets, to determine their main types, as well as to find out the most effective measures to combat these socially dangerous phenomena. Method. The research methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of fraud in cyberspace, a generalization of existing doctrinal views and the formation of recommendations re garding the commission of fraud in cyberspace, the means of which are virtual assets. With the help of a systematic method, the main types of fraud in cyberspace were identified, the means of which are virtual assets. The cognitive method was used to analyze the legislative outline of the features of virtual assets. The method of generalization was used to develop directions for combating fraud in cyberspace, the means of which are virtual assets. The results. In the process of research, it was established which criminal offenses in cyberspace can be committed by using virtual assets. The main methods of activity of cybercriminals in committing fraud in cyberspace, the means of which are virtual assets, are outlined. The main reasons for the use of virtual assets in the commission of criminal offenses in cyberspace are emphasized. Scientific novelty. In the process of research, it was established that the field of criminal offenses in cyberspace is very dynamic and changes simultaneously with the development of electronic computers and information and telecommunication networks. As a result, the appearance of new findings of criminal offenses in cyberspace and new schemes for their commission. The results of the study can be used in law-making and law-enforcement activities during the investigation of criminal offenses in cyberspace.

SANITARY QUALITY OF MILK FROM COWS WITH A NEGATIVE RESALT ROUTINE BACTERIAL RESEARCH FOR MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

Pathogenic and potentially pathogenic mycobacteria are able to persist in t he body of mammals and birds in the nominal form and in the non-cultivating state - NKS and L-transformed variant. Such physiologically and morphologically altered forms of existence of mycobacterial infectious pathogens are not identified by routine laboratory methods, and the pathologies induced by them have atypical or latent clinical and epizootological signs. This is a very dangerous phenomenon, because livestock products from cows latently infected with mycobacteria will be biologically dangerous for consumers.
 M. bovis was isolated and identified in one of the samples of milk obtained at a non-sanctioned point of trade during a selective unsystematic examination of the milk of cows of the individual sector. The isolated epizootic culture of M. bovis possessed typical morpho-tinctorial properties, induced HST and was highly virulent for ants and rabbits, apathogenic for chickens. A cultural study gave a negative result. It was possible to isolate the culture only in a bioassay on houseflies with intratesticular contamination of a concentrated milk sample. And already from the positive biomaterial of ants that died from the tbc genoform, a pure culture of M. bovis was obtained on the Stonebrink medium of Polish production. There was no primary growth on other media.
 The milk had high-quality organoleptic properties, was very tasty and fermented well at room temperature, and was of good quality in appearance. But it was infected with an emerging pathogen of lethal anthropozoonosis. This case shows the urgent need for express indication of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic mycobacterial prokaryotes in each milk sample.

Assessment of rainfall erosivity in Southwest Bulgaria using the Fournier index

Soil erosion is one of the most widespread environmental problems in Bulgaria, which often occurs together with other dangerous phenomena such as landslides, soil degradation, wind erosion, etc. The main factor for erosion is rainfall. Rainfall erosivity is an indicator of the potential of rainfall to generate erosion processes and is of fundamental importance in the analysis of the climate vulnerability of a given region. The purpose of the present study is to assess rainfall erosivity in one of the most populated regions of Bulgaria – the Southwest by comparing the results of two indices - the Fournier index (FI) and the modified Fournier index (MFI). The results show that, in general, the studied stations belong to a low class of erosivity. It is found that MFI has greater sensitivity and provides more detail, showing also years with high and even very high rainfall erosivity.

THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN PROTECTING JUVENILES FROM DELINQUENCY _LEGAL SOCIAL VISION _

The issue of juvenile delinquency has become a dangerous phenomenon in society, directly affecting its security and the future of its children, due to its prejudice to a group that represents the basic cell of society. Therefore, interest in this group was great from various components of society in order to protect them from delinquency.The family is considered the most important social factor that contributes to the protection of juveniles from delinquency, in addition to the National Authority for the Protection and Promotion of Childhood, which was created by the Algerian legislator in Law No. 15-12 related to child protection, as the family is responsible for building the child’s personality, and for instilling good qualities and morals in it, and from During the family that socializes, the child learns the principles of love, hate, cooperation, competition, bullying, honesty, lying, honesty, betrayal, and so on. These are basic rules for building the future personality of the child.Therefore, it is through this study that we will try to explain what is meant by juvenile delinquency, and the role of the family in the field of juvenile education and the extent of its contribution to protecting it from delinquency. Accordingly, I decided to divide this research paper into two requirements according to the following:The first requirement: What is juvenile delinquencyThe second requirement: the role of the family in preventing juvenile delinquency. Key words: Family, Delinquency, Juvenile, Education, Prevention

COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF EROSION WEAR OF THE FISHER V500 CONTROL VALVE OF THE SLURRY SUPPLY LINE OF THE CATALYTIC CRACKING FACILITY OF OIL RESIDUES

Erosion of the internal surfaces of pipelines and shut-off valves used in oil production is a very dangerous phenomenon. It occurs as a result of the impact on the metal of mechanical impurities contained in the working environment. Erosion often occurs together with corrosion. The type of destruction under the influence of mechanical impurities is determined by the fluid flow rate, and the intensity and rate of erosion depends on the concentration and composition of mechanical impurities. Solving the problem of effectively determining the degree of adverse environmental impact depending on various parameters requires the development of new approaches, such as modeling. Modeling of hydrodynamics to determine critical flow rates and calculation of expected zones and erosion rates is due to the importance of solving the problem of anti-erosion protection. In this paper, CFD modeling of hydrodynamics and erosive wear of the control valve of the suspension line of the catalytic cracking unit is performed in the ANSYS Fluent software package. The flow velocities are calculated, and the areas affected by critical velocities at which corrosion erosion occurs are also shown. The effect of density and content of mechanical impurities on the erosion rate is shown.